CN117873259A - Stable linear power supply circuit - Google Patents
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- CN117873259A CN117873259A CN202410273799.5A CN202410273799A CN117873259A CN 117873259 A CN117873259 A CN 117873259A CN 202410273799 A CN202410273799 A CN 202410273799A CN 117873259 A CN117873259 A CN 117873259A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stable linear power supply circuit, and relates to the field of power supply control; the stable linear power supply circuit can generate positive temperature coefficient current and negative temperature coefficient voltage through the branch circuit of the band gap reference circuit where the Q2 transistor is located, reduces a bipolar transistor based on the traditional band gap reference circuit structure, and the layout area occupied by the bipolar transistor in the whole band gap is the largest, so that the layout area of the whole circuit can be effectively reduced when the layout is finally drawn, the cost of circuit realization is better controlled, meanwhile, the current limiting protection circuit and the anti-surge current protection circuit are integrated by utilizing the switching effect of the MOS transistor in an intelligent control mode, and the starting rate of a grid electrode of a power tube is controlled by adopting a staged starting strategy, so that the system is in soft start during power-on, and the intelligent protection of current limiting and anti-surge current is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power supply control technology, in particular to a stable linear power supply circuit.
Background
For analog integrated circuits, the performance of the analog integrated circuit depends on many factors, wherein the performance of the power supply is also a key factor affecting the performance of the analog integrated circuit, especially some high-precision analog circuits, such as high-precision analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), high-precision digital-to-analog converters (DACs), instrumentation amplifiers, etc., which usually need a high-quality power supply to supply power, and generally use a linear power supply (LDO), and the main function of the LDO is to perform voltage conversion and filter noise on the power supply.
At present, linear power supply management technology is mature gradually, a switching power supply is widely popular due to the fact that the switching efficiency is high, the voltage boosting and reducing can be adjusted, and the like, but a linear power supply controller is high in switching noise due to the fact that switching frequency is adopted, peripheral devices are complex, and cost is relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a stabilized linear power supply circuit that overcomes the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a stabilized linear power supply circuit comprising:
the band-gap reference circuit is used for providing a reference voltage source for desensitizing voltage and temperature fluctuation for the negative input end of the error amplifier;
the current bias circuit is used for providing proper bias voltage for other circuits in the system, generating a current source which does not fluctuate with the voltage on a power supply, and enabling transistors in the circuit to be at proper direct current working points;
the error amplifier is used for amplifying the difference value between the reference voltage generated by the band gap reference circuit and the feedback voltage of the node in the feedback network, the output end of the error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the power tube, and the power tube can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the grid electrode through feedback, so that the voltage stabilizing function is completed;
an enable control circuit for turning on and off circuit functions in the chip;
the overshoot suppression circuit is used for enhancing the transient response characteristic of the linear voltage stabilizer and preventing overvoltage or transient noise at the input end from penetrating through the whole circuit system;
the feedback resistor is used for constructing a feedback network through the resistor;
a power device for providing a stable output current and voltage;
the over-temperature protection circuit is used for outputting a control signal when the temperature of the chip is over high and exceeds a preset temperature value, and the circuit is turned off in time through the enabling logic; when the temperature is reduced to a preset value range, the output control signal is turned over, the chip begins to work again, the effect of protecting the chip is achieved, the hysteresis function of the overheat protection circuit is achieved, the system is closed at high temperature, and normal work is resumed at low temperature;
and the overcurrent protection circuit adopts resistors to realize detection of output current signals, converts the output current signals into voltage signals and compares the voltage signals with reference voltages, and switches the working state of the protection circuit by adjusting the parallel relation among the resistors by utilizing the switching function of the MOS tube, so that the intelligent protection circuit for limiting current and preventing surge current is realized.
Further, the overcurrent protection circuit includes:
the current detection module consists of MP, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a switch S1 and a switch S2, wherein MP is connected with the output power tube in parallel and is a proportion mirror image I OUT Outputting a current;
the COMP comparator is used for comparing an L13 terminal voltage signal with a reference voltage Vref, outputting a control power tube grid signal drv_P, wherein when the LDO works normally, L13 is high level, drv_P is low level, when the current limiting protection circuit or the anti-surge current protection circuit is started, the L13 voltage is reduced, the comparator jumps, drv_P is high level, and the power tube is closed;
the FB voltage detection module is responsible for comparing the voltage of VFB with the voltage division Vref1 of the reference voltage resistor and outputting a signal L27; when the LDO starts or the current is limited and returns to a smaller current value, the VFB is smaller than Vref1, the output signal L27 is high level, and the switch S1 is controlled to be closed;
and when the LDO is started and VFB is larger than Vref1, S1 is closed, the module is controlled to start delaying, S2 is in an open state within delay time, S2 is closed after delay is finished, and normal operation of the current-limiting protection circuit is not influenced after the delay of the module is finished.
Further, the power device type selection requirement is that a power device with minimum internal resistance and capacitance is selected under the condition of meeting the output current and voltage difference.
Further, when the starting circuit starts to be electrified, when the output is 0, the gate voltage of the upper two MOS tubes M1 and M2 is close to VDD, the gate of M5 is pulled to low potential when M7 in the start circuit is conducted, and the M5 tube is conducted and generates current, so that the operational amplifier gets rid of degeneracy point when the output is 0; when the Bandganp circuit works normally, the voltage of the output end of the operational amplifier is reduced, the PMOS tube of the inverter in the startup circuit is turned on this time, namely M6 is turned on, M7 is turned off, the grid voltage of M5 is close to VDD, M5 is turned off, and the starting circuit is separated from the reference circuit at the moment, so that the normal work of the bias circuit is not influenced.
Further, the enabling control circuit includes a three-input and gate circuit and an inverter circuit, the three-input and gate circuit is connected with the NMOS tube by adopting a PMOS tube and an NMOS tube in a complementary manner, the gate is used as a logic signal input port, the input port A, B, C of the and gate circuit is respectively connected with the pins over_heat, over_flow and en_power, the output end is connected with the enabling pin En, the input and output pins of the three-input and gate circuit and the inverter circuit are respectively connected into the circuit, and the three-input and gate circuit and the inverter circuit are connected with each module circuit to enable and control the opening and closing of the band gap reference circuit, the error amplifier, the POWER tube, the overheat protection circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit.
Further, the selection method of the feedback resistor comprises the following steps:
a1, the value of the feedback resistance can be expressed as:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein R is f1 Represents a first feedback resistance, R f2 Represents a first feedback resistance, I Q Representing the quiescent current of the power tube branch, V OUT Representing an output voltage;
a2, according to the reference voltage V REF Feedback voltage V FB And output voltage V OUT The following expression can be written:
；
a3, the current of the feedback resistor branch can be expressed asThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The static current of the resistor is equal to that of the PMOS power tube.
Further, the overshoot suppression circuit is composed of M9-M15 and R5, and M15 is used as a capacitor, and the working principle is as follows, the resistance value of R5 is larger, and the (W/L) is realized 11 >(W/L) 12 The gate voltage of the M12 tube is guaranteed to be different from that of the M11 tube, when the output voltage generates larger overshoot voltage, the source end voltage of the M12 tube is increased, the gate end voltage cannot be suddenly changed due to the fact that the transistor is connected in series with the capacitor M15, at the moment, the gate voltage of the M14 tube is increased, vout is pulled downwards to reduce the overshoot voltage, when the output voltage is undershooted, the M12 tube is closed, the drain voltage is zero, and the M14 tube is also closed.
Compared with the prior art, the stable linear power supply circuit provided by the invention can generate positive temperature coefficient current and negative temperature coefficient voltage through the branch circuit of the band gap reference circuit where the Q2 transistor is located, a bipolar transistor is reduced on the basis of the traditional band gap reference circuit structure, and the layout area occupied by the bipolar transistor in the whole band gap is the largest, so that the layout area of the whole circuit can be effectively reduced when the layout is finally drawn, the circuit implementation cost is better controlled, meanwhile, the current limiting protection circuit and the surge current protection circuit are integrated by adopting an intelligent control mode through utilizing the MOS transistor switching effect, and the starting rate of a power tube grid is controlled by adopting a staged starting strategy, so that the soft start during the system power-on is realized, and the intelligent protection of current limiting and surge current prevention is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings for a person having ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an anti-surge current protection module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bandgap reference circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an enable control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an overshoot suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-6, a stabilized linear power supply circuit includes:
the band-gap reference circuit is used for providing a reference voltage source for desensitizing voltage and temperature fluctuation for the negative input end of the error amplifier;
the current bias circuit is used for providing proper bias voltage for other circuits in the system, generating a current source which does not fluctuate with the voltage on a power supply, and enabling transistors in the circuit to be at proper direct current working points;
the error amplifier is used for amplifying the difference value between the reference voltage generated by the band gap reference circuit and the feedback voltage of the node in the feedback network, the output end of the error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the power tube, and the power tube can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the grid electrode through feedback, so that the voltage stabilizing function is completed;
an enable control circuit for turning on and off circuit functions in the chip;
the overshoot suppression circuit is used for enhancing transient response characteristics of the linear voltage stabilizer and preventing overvoltage or transient noise at an input end from penetrating through the whole circuit system;
the feedback resistor is used for constructing a feedback network through the resistor;
a power device for providing a stable output current and voltage;
the over-temperature protection circuit is used for outputting a control signal when the temperature of the chip is over high and exceeds a preset temperature value, and the circuit is turned off in time through enabling logic; when the temperature is reduced to a preset value range, the output control signal is turned over, the chip begins to work again, the effect of protecting the chip is achieved, the hysteresis function of the overheat protection circuit is achieved, the system is closed at high temperature, and normal work is resumed at low temperature;
and the overcurrent protection circuit adopts resistors to realize detection of output current signals, converts the output current signals into voltage signals and compares the voltage signals with reference voltages, and switches the working state of the protection circuit by adjusting the parallel relation among the resistors by utilizing the switching function of the MOS tube, so that the intelligent protection circuit for limiting current and preventing surge current is realized.
The overcurrent protection circuit includes:
the current detection module consists of MP, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a switch S1 and a switch S2, wherein MP is connected with the output power tube in parallel and is a proportion mirror image I OUT Outputting a current;
the COMP comparator is used for comparing an L13 terminal voltage signal with a reference voltage Vref, outputting a control power tube grid signal drv_P, wherein when the LDO works normally, L13 is high level, drv_P is low level, when the current limiting protection circuit or the anti-surge current protection circuit is started, the L13 voltage is reduced, the comparator jumps, drv_P is high level, and the power tube is closed;
the FB voltage detection module is responsible for comparing the voltage of VFB with the voltage division Vref1 of the reference voltage resistor and outputting a signal L27; when the LDO starts or the current is limited and returns to a smaller current value, the VFB is smaller than Vref1, the output signal L27 is high level, and the switch S1 is controlled to be closed;
when the LDO is started and VFB is larger than Vref1, S1 is closed, the module is controlled to start delaying, S2 is in an open state within a delay time, S2 is closed after the delay is finished, normal operation of the current limiting protection circuit is not affected after the delay of the module is finished, and the anti-surge current protection module is shown in a specific circuit as shown in FIG. 3, wherein L45 is an enabling control signal, vbias1 and Vbias5 are bias signals, N31, N49 and N36 are MOS capacitors, the capacitance is larger, L27 is a detected FB potential output signal, and Lrush is an anti-surge current protection control circuit output signal. The circuit mainly achieves the function of delaying the L27 high-level signal, when the L27 turns from low level to high level, the delay is achieved by signal transmission and charging of the large MOS capacitor by the right branch current, so that after VFB is controlled to be more than 300mV in the starting stage, the S2 closing time is prolonged, soft starting is achieved, and the surge current is reduced.
Meanwhile, the anti-surge current protection module charges the large capacitor to prolong the starting time of the power tube, so that the effect of suppressing the surge current is achieved. When the circuit is just started or the circuit is turned back to a smaller current after current limiting, L27 and Lrush are low-level signals, and at the moment, the input current charges the input capacitor to generate a larger surge current, and an I is generated through the current detection circuit short The Ishort current can be controlled by adjusting the MOS capacitor N120, and the LDO is slowly started at the low current. When VOUT gradually rises to about 1V, the detected FB terminal voltage is greater than 300mV, and L27 outputs a high level. The L27 signal is used as an input signal of the anti-surge current protection module, and is transmitted to control the N22 to be conducted, and at the moment, surge current charges three MOS large capacitors N31, N49 and N36, so that the time for converting Lrush into a high-level signal is delayed, and the effect of suppressing the surge current is achieved. At this time, both L27 and Lrush are high level signals, the LDO is completely started, the current detection circuit monitors the output current at all times, and the output voltage is also stabilized at 2.45V.
The power device type selection requirement is that the power device with the minimum internal resistance and capacitance is selected under the condition of meeting the output current and voltage difference.
When the starting circuit starts to be electrified, when the output is 0, the grid voltage of the upper two MOS tubes M1 and M2 is close to VDD, the grid electrode of M5 is pulled to low potential when M7 in the start circuit is conducted, and the M5 tube is conducted and generates current, so that the operational amplifier gets rid of degeneracy point when the output is 0; when the Bandganp circuit works normally, the voltage of the output end of the operational amplifier is reduced, the PMOS tube of the inverter in the startup circuit is turned on this time, namely M6 is turned on, M7 is turned off, the grid voltage of M5 is close to VDD, M5 is turned off, and the starting circuit is separated from the reference circuit at the moment, so that the normal work of the bias circuit is not influenced.
The enabling control circuit comprises a three-input AND gate circuit and an inverter circuit, wherein the three-input AND gate circuit is connected with an NMOS tube by adopting a PMOS tube in a complementary mode, a grid electrode is used as a logic signal input port, an input port A, B, C of the AND gate circuit is respectively connected with pins over_heat, over_flow and En_POWER, an output end of the AND gate circuit is connected with an enabling pin EN, the input and output pins of the three-input AND gate circuit and the inverter circuit are respectively connected into the circuit, the three-input AND gate circuit and the inverter circuit are connected with each module circuit so as to enable the start and the stop of a band gap reference circuit, an error amplifier, a POWER tube, an overheat protection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit, when EN is in a high level, the system is started, otherwise, when EN is in a low level, the system is closed, the enabling control circuit activates related circuit functions and starts working when the enabling control circuit is used for starting or stopping the circuit functions in a chip when the enabling control circuit receives the high level signal.
The selection method of the feedback resistor comprises the following steps:
a1, the value of the feedback resistance can be expressed as:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein R is f1 Represents a first feedback resistance, R f2 Represents a first feedback resistance, I Q Representing the quiescent current of the power tube branch, V OUT Representing an output voltage;
a2, according to the reference voltage V REF Feedback voltage V FB And output voltage V OUT The following expression can be written:
；
a3, and the current of the feedback resistor branch can be expressed as:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the quiescent current of the resistor is equal to PThe quiescent currents of the MOS power tubes are equal.
The overshoot suppression circuit is composed of M9-M15 and R5, M15 is used as a capacitor, and the working principle is as follows, the resistance value of R5 is larger, and the (W/L) is realized 11 >(W/L) 12 The gate voltages of M11 and M12 are ensured to be different. When the output generates larger overshoot voltage, the source voltage of the M12 tube increases, and the gate voltage cannot be suddenly changed due to the series connection on the capacitor M15, at this time, the M12 tube is turned on, the gate voltage of the M14 tube increases, and Vout is pulled down to reduce the overshoot voltage. When the output voltage is undershooted, the M12 is closed, the drain voltage is zero, the M14 tube is also closed, the adverse effect of the overvoltage or transient noise at the input end on a downstream circuit can be effectively prevented through the overshoot suppression circuit, and the transient response characteristic of the whole circuit is improved.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications may be made to the described embodiments in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A stabilized linear power supply circuit, comprising:
the band-gap reference circuit is used for providing a reference voltage source for desensitizing voltage and temperature fluctuation for the negative input end of the error amplifier;
the current bias circuit is used for providing proper bias voltage for other circuits in the system, generating a current source which does not fluctuate with the voltage on a power supply, and enabling transistors in the circuit to be at proper direct current working points;
the error amplifier is used for amplifying the difference value between the reference voltage generated by the band gap reference circuit and the feedback voltage of the node in the feedback network, the output end of the error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the power tube, and the power tube can be controlled by adjusting the voltage of the grid electrode through feedback, so that the voltage stabilizing function is completed;
an enable control circuit for turning on and off circuit functions in the chip;
the overshoot suppression circuit is used for enhancing the transient response characteristic of the linear voltage stabilizer and preventing overvoltage or transient noise at the input end from penetrating through the whole circuit system;
the feedback resistor is used for constructing a feedback network through the resistor;
a power device for providing a stable output current and voltage;
the over-temperature protection circuit is used for outputting a control signal when the temperature of the chip is over high and exceeds a preset temperature value, and the circuit is turned off in time through the enabling logic; when the temperature is reduced to a preset value range, the output control signal is turned over, the chip begins to work again, the effect of protecting the chip is achieved, the hysteresis function of the overheat protection circuit is achieved, the system is closed at high temperature, and normal work is resumed at low temperature;
and the overcurrent protection circuit adopts resistors to realize detection of output current signals, converts the output current signals into voltage signals and compares the voltage signals with reference voltages, and switches the working state of the protection circuit by adjusting the parallel relation among the resistors by utilizing the switching function of the MOS tube, so that the intelligent protection circuit for limiting current and preventing surge current is realized.
2. The stabilized linear power supply circuit of claim 1 wherein the over-current protection circuit comprises:
the current detection module consists of MP, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a switch S1 and a switch S2, wherein MP is connected with the output power tube in parallel and is a proportion mirror image I OUT Outputting a current;
the COMP comparator is used for comparing an L13 terminal voltage signal with a reference voltage Vref, outputting a control power tube grid signal drv_P, wherein when the LDO works normally, L13 is high level, drv_P is low level, when the current limiting protection circuit or the anti-surge current protection circuit is started, the L13 voltage is reduced, the comparator jumps, drv_P is high level, and the power tube is closed;
the FB voltage detection module is responsible for comparing the voltage of VFB with the voltage division Vref1 of the reference voltage resistor and outputting a signal L27; when the LDO starts or the current is limited and returns to a smaller current value, the VFB is smaller than Vref1, the output signal L27 is high level, and the switch S1 is controlled to be closed;
and when the LDO is started and VFB is larger than Vref1, S1 is closed, the module is controlled to start delaying, S2 is in an open state within delay time, S2 is closed after delay is finished, and normal operation of the current-limiting protection circuit is not influenced after the delay of the module is finished.
3. The stabilized linear power supply circuit of claim 1 wherein the power device type selection requirement is to select the power device with the smallest internal resistance and capacitance of the device under conditions of satisfying output current and voltage difference.
4. The stabilized linear power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein when the start-up circuit starts to power up and the output is 0, the gate voltages of the upper two MOS transistors M1 and M2 are close to VDD, M7 in the startup circuit is turned on, the gate of M5 is pulled to a low potential, and the M5 transistor is turned on and generates a current, so that the op-amp gets rid of a degeneracy point when the output is 0; when the Bandganp circuit works normally, the voltage of the output end of the operational amplifier is reduced, the PMOS tube of the inverter in the startup circuit is turned on this time, namely M6 is turned on, M7 is turned off, the grid voltage of M5 is close to VDD, M5 is turned off, and the starting circuit is separated from the reference circuit at the moment, so that the normal work of the bias circuit is not influenced.
5. The stabilized linear POWER supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the enable control circuit comprises a three-input and gate circuit and an inverter circuit, the three-input and gate circuit is connected with the NMOS transistor by adopting a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor by adopting a complementary mode, the gate electrode is used as a logic signal input port and the input port A, B, C of the gate circuit is respectively connected with the pins over_heat, over_flow and en_power, the output end is connected with the enable pin En, the input and output pins of the three-input and gate circuit and the inverter circuit are respectively connected into the circuit, and the three-input and gate circuit and the inverter circuit are connected with the module circuits so as to control the turn-on and turn-off of the bandgap reference circuit, the error amplifier, the POWER transistor, the overheat protection circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit, when En is at a high level, otherwise, the system is turned-off when En is at a low level.
6. A stabilized linear power supply circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of selecting the feedback resistor comprises the steps of:
a1, the value of the feedback resistance can be expressed as:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein R is f1 Represents a first feedback resistance, R f2 Represents a first feedback resistance, I Q Representing the quiescent current of the power tube branch, V OUT Representing an output voltage;
a2, according to the reference voltage V REF Feedback voltage V FB And output voltage V OUT The following expression can be written:
；
a3, and the current of the feedback resistor branch can be expressed as:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The static current of the resistor is equal to that of the PMOS power tube.
7. The stabilized linear power supply circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said overshoot suppression circuit is composed of M9-M15 and R5, M15 is used as a capacitor, and the working principle is as follows, R5 is made larger in resistance value to give (W/L) 11 >(W/L) 12 Ensure that the grid voltage of M11 is different from that of M12, and the source end of the M12 tube is powered when the output generates larger overshoot voltageThe voltage will rise, and the gate voltage can not be suddenly changed because of the string on the capacitor M15, at this time, the M12 tube is turned on, the gate voltage of the M14 tube is raised, then Vout is pulled down to reduce the overshoot voltage, when the output voltage is undershooted, M12 is turned off, its drain voltage is zero, and the M14 tube is also turned off.
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