CN117868039A - Device for inhibiting evaporation of water surface - Google Patents
Device for inhibiting evaporation of water surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN117868039A CN117868039A CN202410100121.7A CN202410100121A CN117868039A CN 117868039 A CN117868039 A CN 117868039A CN 202410100121 A CN202410100121 A CN 202410100121A CN 117868039 A CN117868039 A CN 117868039A
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B2035/002—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for inland waters, e.g. for use on canals or rivers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservation and discloses a device for inhibiting water surface evaporation, which is characterized by comprising a first sphere and a second sphere, wherein a spherical cavity is formed in the center of the first sphere, the second sphere is arranged in the cavity, the outer side wall of the second sphere is fixedly connected to the cavity wall of the cavity, and the sphere center of the second sphere is positioned below the sphere center of the first sphere; the gravity center of the invention moves downwards and the weight is uneven so as to improve the stability, prevent the first spheres from being kept in an up-down overlapped state, and ensure that the first spheres can keep a relatively fixed posture and float on the water surface, the outer side walls of the first spheres are soaked in the water body in a relatively fixed position, the wetting area of the outer side walls of the first spheres is reduced, and the effect of inhibiting the water evaporation is kept stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservation, in particular to a device for inhibiting evaporation of water surface.
Background
At present, there are mainly methods for reducing water evaporation by biotechnology, chemical technology and physical covers, wherein the efficiency of water evaporation inhibition is highest by using a physical cover, which is usually a hollow PE sphere, a plurality of hollow PE spheres are put in water to float and cover on the water surface so as to reduce evaporation caused by solar radiation and wind, but the hollow PE spheres have uniform weight and are easy to overlap, the spheres can roll over the water at will, the wetting area of the outer side wall of the spheres is not fixed, and the effect of water evaporation inhibition is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for inhibiting water surface evaporation, which aims to solve the technical problem that the water evaporation inhibition effect of hollow PE spheres is unstable.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a device for inhibiting evaporation on water surface, comprising a first sphere and a second sphere, wherein a spherical cavity is arranged in the center of the first sphere, the second sphere is arranged in the cavity, the outer side wall of the second sphere is fixedly connected to the cavity wall of the cavity, and the sphere center of the second sphere is positioned below the sphere center of the first sphere.
Optionally, the relationship between the mass M of the second sphere and the mass M of the first sphere is:
the relationship between the outer radius R of the second sphere and the outer radius R of the first sphere is as follows:
the density of the first sphere and the second sphere is 0.91g/cm 3 To 0.96g/cm 3 。
Optionally, the first sphere wall thickness T is 3mm to 4mm.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the first sphere is 2cm to 20cm, and the color is black, yellow, green or white.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the first sphere is 6cm to 10cm, and the first sphere is white in color.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the first sphere is 8cm to 10cm, and the color is white or black.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the first sphere is 10cm to 20cm, and the color is black.
Optionally, the second sphere is a solid sphere.
Optionally, the first sphere and the second sphere are made of polyethylene.
Compared with the prior art, the device for inhibiting the evaporation of the water surface has the beneficial effects that:
the spherical cavity of the first sphere is internally provided with the second sphere, and the outer side wall of the second sphere is fixedly connected with the cavity wall of the cavity, wherein the sphere center of the second sphere is positioned below the sphere center of the first sphere, so that the gravity center of the device moves downwards, the weight is uneven, the stability of the device is improved, the first spheres are prevented from being kept in an up-down overlapped state, the first spheres can be kept to float on the water surface in a relatively fixed posture, the position of the outer side wall of the first sphere immersed in the water body is relatively fixed, the wetting area of the outer side wall of the first sphere is reduced, and the effect of inhibiting the evaporation of the water surface is kept stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention disposed on water.
Reference numerals: 1. a first sphere; 11. a cavity; 2. and a second sphere.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "circumferential," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for inhibiting evaporation on water surface of the present invention comprises a first sphere 1 and a second sphere 2, wherein a spherical cavity 11 is arranged at the center of the first sphere 1, the second sphere 2 is arranged in the cavity 11, the outer side wall of the second sphere 2 is fixedly connected to the cavity wall of the cavity 11, the sphere center of the second sphere 2 is positioned below the sphere center of the first sphere 1,
in the above technical solution, since the center of gravity of the second sphere 2 is located below the center of gravity of the first sphere 1, compared with a hollow sphere with uniform weight and center of gravity located in the center, stability is improved and the weight is uneven, when wind blows one first sphere 1 to the upper side of one or more first spheres 1, the blown first sphere 1 can rapidly squeeze out the first spheres 1 located below the first spheres, so that the first spheres 1 are prevented from being overlapped up and down, and the first spheres 1 can be kept in a relatively fixed posture (in the vertical direction, the center of gravity of the second sphere 2 is located below the center of gravity of the first spheres 1) and float on the water surface, when the wind force is small, the first spheres 1 can only slightly shake, the outer side walls of the first spheres 1 are soaked in the water, the wetting area of the outer side walls of the first spheres 1 can be reduced, and even if the wind wave is large, the first spheres 1 can also rapidly return to a posture, so that the evaporation effect is kept stable.
Further, when the device floats on the water surface, the greater the depth of the first sphere 1 which is sunk into the water, the better the stability of the device is, the lower the coverage, wherein the better the stability is, the more difficult the first sphere 1 is to be influenced by wind waves, the more stable the evaporation inhibition effect is, the higher the coverage is, the higher the upper limit of the evaporation inhibition effect is, the better level of the coverage and the stability is achieved, the effect of actually inhibiting the evaporation on the water surface can be effectively improved, and in particular, the better level of the stability and the coverage of the device can be achieved by the spherical center of the first sphere 1 on the water surface, so that the stability and the coverage of the device are balanced; the device controls the position of the sphere center of the first sphere 1 in the vertical direction to be positioned on a horizontal plane by limiting the density of the first sphere 1 and the second sphere 2, the mass ratio of the first sphere 1 and the second sphere 2 and the outer radius ratio of the first sphere 1 and the second sphere 2, so that the device of the first sphere 1 with different specifications can have balanced stability and coverage, and the specific relation is as follows: the relation between the mass M of the second sphere 2 and the mass M of the first sphere 1 is:
preferably +.>The outer radius r of the second sphere 2 and the outer radius of the first sphere 1The relationship of radius R is as follows: />Preferably isThe density of the first sphere 1 and the second sphere 2 is 0.91g/cm 3 To 0.96g/cm 3 Preferably 0.94g/cm 3 In particular, the first sphere 1 and the second sphere 2 may be made of polyethylene; since the water density of each lake and reservoir is different, the above ratio and the sphere density are both represented by ranges.
Further, in order to make the first sphere 1 not easily broken by foreign objects and have a sufficient light shielding rate, the wall thickness T of the first sphere 1 is 3mm to 4mm.
Further, the specifications of hollow PU balls commonly used as physical covers are: the outer diameter is 2cm to 20cm, black (which may be referred to by the letter "B"), yellow (which may be referred to by the letter "Y"), green (which may be referred to by the letter "G"), and white (which may be referred to by the letter "W"), and thus the outer diameter of the first sphere 1 is 2cm to 20cm, and the color is black, yellow, green, or white.
Further, in order to further determine what specification and color the first sphere 1 has a good effect of suppressing water evaporation, the following three tests were performed:
experiment 1 (radiation is the main evaporation factor):
test profile: the test site is a sunlight greenhouse of an inner Mongolian irrigation test center station (and 18km in the city of the Shang-Qing-Er county), the specification of the site is 50 meters long, 8 meters wide and 3.5 meters high, the test time period is 2021, 18 days in 3 months to 2021, 8 days in 8 months, and the average solar radiation intensity of the sunlight greenhouse is 203.05W/m 2 The average air temperature was 28.11℃and the relative humidity was 41.19%, the cumulative rainfall was 0.00mm, and the average wind speed was 0.07m/s.
Test equipment: the evaporation equipment comprises an evaporation dish and a water supplementing device, wherein the evaporation dish is cylindrical, has a diameter of 2m, a height of 0.4m and a thickness of 4mm, is made of polypropylene, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the side wall of the evaporation dish, the distance between the water inlet and the bottom of the evaporation dish is 10cm, the distance between the water outlet and the top of the evaporation dish is 10cm, and valves are arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet; the water replenishing device is a Margaret bottle which is made of organic glass, and the characteristics of high transparency and good air tightness of the organic glass are convenient for controlling the water level and observing the water level with high precision.
Specification of the test device: in order to obtain the influence and mechanism of the outer diameter and color of the first sphere 1 on the water evaporation reduction, the test treatment set the outer diameter and color of the first sphere 1 differently, specifically, the test was performed using a device for suppressing evaporation of water, which was black and has an outer diameter of 2cm (may be denoted as B2), black and has an outer diameter of 4cm (may be denoted as B4), black and has an outer diameter of 6cm (may be denoted as B6), black and has an outer diameter of 8cm (may be denoted as B8), black and has an outer diameter of 10cm (may be denoted as B10), black and has an outer diameter of 20cm (may be denoted as B20), white and has an outer diameter of 10cm (may be denoted as W10), green and an outer diameter of 10cm (may be denoted as G10), yellow and an outer diameter of 10cm (may be denoted as Y10), and the water surface coverage was 91%.
The results obtained after several tests are summarized in the following table:
PE ball coverage evaporation reduction rate of different parameters
Where CK represents no drop-in cover.
From the above table, it is known that the first spheres 1 have an outer diameter of 6cm to 10cm and a high evaporation rate (69.95% to 73.16%) when evaporation is mainly caused by radiation, and the first spheres 1 having white color have the highest evaporation rate (76.31%) among the first spheres 1 having different colors and outer diameters of 10 cm; therefore, in the case of the radiation-based evaporation, the evaporation rate of the first sphere 1 is high with the color of white (light) and the outer diameter ranging from 6cm to 10cm, and the water evaporation can be suppressed well.
Test 2 (wind is the main evaporation factor):
test profile: the test site is an ecological hydrologic national field science observation research station of the northern foot grassland of the inner Mongolia, wind tunnel equipment in the test station can create different wind speed conditions for test, the type of the wind tunnel equipment is a blowing type direct current positive pressure wind tunnel, and the wind tunnel equipment comprises: collector, power section, wide open angle section, stable section, shrink section, test section, diffusion section etc. the wind tunnel total length is 29m, test section size: 2.5m (width) x 1.8m (height) x 12.6m (length), and the test wind speed range is 2-30 m/s; the turbulence degree is less than or equal to 1.0% when tested under the condition of 24m/s wind speed; speed unevenness is less than or equal to 1.0%; the average speed deviation delta V is less than or equal to 1.0 percent; the deflection angle delta T of the air flow is less than or equal to 1.0,the test period is 2021, 9 months, 15 days to 9 months, 29 days, and the test period is: 8:00-18:00, wherein the average air temperature in the period is 25 ℃, no radiation or rainfall exists, and the average relative humidity is 36%; one test with a high wind speed (9 m/s) and one test with a low wind speed (3 m/s) were performed separately, and each test treatment in one test was repeated three times (three-pass repeated test), 4 hours each, with an intermediate interval of 10min.
The specifications of the test equipment and the test device are the same as those of test 1.
The results obtained after several tests are summarized in the following table:
PE ball coverage evaporation reduction rate of different parameters
Where CK represents no drop-in cover.
As is clear from the above table, the higher the wind speed, the larger the water evaporation amount, and the water evaporation amount can be reduced after the covering by using the device, when the evaporation is mainly caused by wind and the wind speed is smaller (3 m/s), the outer diameter of the first sphere 1 is 8cm to 10cm, the evaporation reduction rate is higher (80.52% to 86.05%), and in the first spheres 1 with different colors and 10cm outer diameters, the evaporation reduction rate of the first sphere 1 with white is 87.76%, the evaporation reduction rate of the first sphere 1 with black is 86.05%, and the difference is not large; therefore, in the case of evaporation mainly with wind and a small wind speed (3 m/s), the first sphere 1 is white or black in color and has a higher evaporation reduction rate in the outer diameter range of 8cm to 10cm, and water evaporation can be suppressed well; when the evaporation is mainly caused by wind and the wind speed is large (9 m/s), the outer diameter of the first sphere 1 is 10cm to 20cm, the evaporation reduction rate is high (59.45% to 62.34%), and the evaporation reduction rate of the first sphere 1 in black is highest (62.34%) among the first spheres 1 in different colors and with the outer diameters of 10 cm; therefore, in the case of evaporation mainly with wind and a large wind speed (9 m/s), the first sphere 1 is white in color and has a high evaporation reduction rate in the outer diameter range of 10cm to 20cm, and water evaporation can be suppressed well; the smaller the wind speed is, the higher the blowing rate delta of the first sphere 1 is, which means that the first sphere 1 is easier to be blown off, the difference between the evaporation rate of B10 and the evaporation rate of B20 is 28.45% when the wind speed is smaller (3 m/s), the difference between the evaporation rate of B10 and the evaporation rate of B20 is 2.89% when the wind speed is larger (9 m/s), the larger the difference between the two differences is, and it can be considered that the blowing rate delta has a larger influence on the evaporation rate when the wind speed is larger (9 m/s), and in particular, the evaporation rate can be improved; wherein, the blowing rate delta is obtained by the following formula:
in the above formula, delta is the blowing rate, S 0 S is the area of a blank water area after simulated blowing P Is the evaporation dish area.
Experiment 3 (radiation in combination with wind for evaporation in natural conditions):
test profile: the test site is the S102-way of the north coast of three sappan villages and Dai sea (in the cold city county of the scout-branchlet city of inner Mongolia), and is distant from Dai seaAbout 1km, by means of a three-sappan test station of the hydrologic bureau of Polish, the total space occupation of the test field is about 700m 2 The test period is 2022, 4, 1 to 10, 31, and the test period is Daihai ablation period, and the average solar radiation intensity in the test period is 455.4W/m 2 The daily average air temperature is 15.90 ℃, the daily average relative humidity is 53.08%, the accumulated rainfall during the test period is 488.08mm, the daily average wind speed is 1.14m/s, the evaporation data is observed and recorded once a day, the observation time is 8:00 earlier, and the measurement is carried out before and after rainfall.
Test equipment: comprises an evaporation pond and a water supplementing device, wherein the evaporation pond is cylindrical, the depth of the evaporation pond is 0.5m, and the area of a cross section perpendicular to the vertical direction is 2m 2 And 5m 2 Both are made of polypropylene, the water depth in the two is not less than 40cm, and the top of the evaporation pond is provided with an overflow port; the water supplementing device comprises a Marshall bottle made of organic glass, the height of the Marshall bottle is 1m, the diameters of the Marshall bottle are 300mm and 500mm, wherein the area of the Marshall bottle with the diameter of 300mm corresponding to the cross section vertical to the vertical direction is 2m 2 The area of the Marek's bottle with the diameter of 500mm corresponding to the cross section perpendicular to the vertical direction is 5m 2 Is arranged in the evaporation pond; the water for the test is Daihai raw water, and water is supplied into the Marshall bottle by adopting a high-level water tank.
The specifications of the test apparatus were the same as those of test 1 except that the first sphere 1 of yellow color was not used.
PE ball coverage evaporation reduction rate of different parameters
Where CK represents no drop-in cover.
As is clear from the above table, the first spheres 1 have an outer diameter of 8cm to 10cm and a high evaporation rate (60.12% to 61.45%), and the white first spheres 1 have the highest evaporation rate (73.14%) among the first spheres 1 having different colors and outer diameters of 10 cm; therefore, in the case of evaporation by radiation in combination with wind, the first sphere 1 is white in color and has a higher evaporation rate in the range of 8cm to 10cm in outside diameterThe evaporation of water can be well inhibited; to further confirm the color-to-evaporation abatement effect, the evaporation cell was enlarged to 5m 2 It can be seen that B10 and W10 evaporation reductions are 72.23%, 78.10% results and 2m, respectively 2 The evaporation reduction effect is consistent, and the effect of inhibiting water evaporation by the first sphere 1 is white is better.
Further, the second sphere 2 is a solid sphere, so as to facilitate manufacturing.
Further, the first sphere 1 and the second sphere 2 are both made of polyethylene.
Further, the specific connection mode of the fixing arrangement and the fixing connection means that the relative position relationship of the two components can be fixedly connected, and the fixing arrangement and the specific connection mode comprise fixing through a connecting piece, fixing through welding, fixing through an adhesive, fixing through integrated forming and fixing through buckle connection.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a device for inhibiting evaporation on water surface, which has the technical effects that:
the spherical cavity 11 of the first sphere 1 is internally provided with the second sphere 2, and the outer side wall of the second sphere 2 is fixedly connected with the cavity wall of the cavity 11, wherein the sphere center of the second sphere 2 is positioned below the sphere center of the first sphere 1, so that the gravity center of the device moves downwards, the weight is uneven, the stability of the device is improved, the first spheres 1 are prevented from being kept in an up-down overlapped state, the first spheres 1 can keep a relatively fixed posture and float on the water surface, the position of the outer side wall of the first sphere 1 immersed in the water body is relatively fixed, the wetting area of the outer side wall of the first sphere 1 is reduced, and the effect of inhibiting water evaporation is kept stable.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The device for inhibiting the evaporation of the water surface is characterized by comprising a first sphere and a second sphere, wherein a spherical cavity is formed in the center of the first sphere, the second sphere is arranged in the cavity, the outer side wall of the second sphere is fixedly connected to the cavity wall of the cavity, and the center of the second sphere is located below the center of the first sphere.
2. The apparatus for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 1, wherein the relation between the mass M of the second sphere and the mass M of the first sphere is:
the relationship between the outer radius R of the second sphere and the outer radius R of the first sphere is as follows:
the density of the first sphere and the second sphere is 0.91g/cm 3 To 0.96g/cm 3 。
3. Device for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wall thickness T of the first sphere is 3mm to 4mm.
4. The device for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer diameter of the first sphere is 2cm to 20cm, and the color is black, yellow, green or white.
5. The apparatus for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 4, wherein the outer diameter of the first sphere is 6cm to 10cm, and the color is white.
6. The apparatus for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 4, wherein the outer diameter of the first sphere is 8cm to 10cm, and the color is white or black.
7. The apparatus for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 4, wherein the outer diameter of the first sphere is 10cm to 20cm, and the color is black.
8. The device for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 1, wherein the second sphere is a solid sphere.
9. The device for inhibiting evaporation of water according to claim 1, wherein the first sphere and the second sphere are each made of polyethylene.
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CN202410100121.7A CN117868039A (en) | 2024-01-24 | 2024-01-24 | Device for inhibiting evaporation of water surface |
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