CN117861033A - Positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method and positive and negative pressure respirator with phlegm clearing function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method and a positive and negative pressure respirator with a sputum clearing function, which relate to the technical field of medical equipment and comprise the following steps: the positive pressure airflow is used for assisting in inspiration and the negative pressure airflow is used for assisting in expiration to be correspondingly connected with the mouth and the nose of a patient, then the internal and external pressure difference during expiration is larger than the internal and external pressure difference during inspiration, so that the flow speed of the expiration airflow at the position of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea is larger than the flow speed of the inspiration airflow, and the automatic and continuous carrying-out of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea and nasal discharge in the nasal cavity of the patient is completed along with expiration. The sputum accumulation and nasal discharge of the patient can be continuously cleaned along with the respiration, and the safety of the patient is ensured.

Description

Positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method and positive and negative pressure respirator with phlegm clearing function

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method and a positive and negative pressure respirator with a sputum clearing function.

Background

The breathing machine is a device which can replace, control or change normal physiological breathing of people, increase the ventilation quantity of lungs, improve the respiratory function, lighten the consumption of breathing work and save the reserve capacity of the heart. Currently, ventilators have become the most clinically used and indispensable first aid and life support equipment, which is increasingly being used in the fields of first aid, anesthesia, ICU and respiratory therapy.

The current medical breathing machine adopts positive pressure assisted breathing except for external negative pressure assisted breathing for early-stage iron lung, but the positive pressure assisted breathing can not automatically clear accumulated phlegm in the trachea or nasal discharge in nostrils, and patients often suffer from choking death caused by accumulated phlegm.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method and a positive and negative pressure respirator with a phlegm clearing function, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, realize that accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge of a patient can be cleared continuously along with respiration, and ensure the safety of the patient.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

the invention provides a positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method, which comprises the following steps: the positive pressure airflow is used for assisting in inspiration and the negative pressure airflow is used for assisting in expiration to be correspondingly connected with the mouth and the nose of a patient, then the internal and external pressure difference during expiration is larger than the internal and external pressure difference during inspiration, so that the flow speed of the expiration airflow at the position of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea is larger than the flow speed of the inspiration airflow, and the automatic and continuous carrying-out of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea and nasal discharge in the nasal cavity of the patient is completed along with expiration.

The invention also provides a positive and negative pressure breathing machine with a sputum clearing function based on the positive and negative pressure assisted breathing method, which comprises a gas compensation device and a breathing mask assembly; the gas compensation device comprises a positive pressure inspiration device and a negative pressure expiration device; the positive pressure suction device is used for generating the positive pressure airflow; the negative pressure expiration device is used for generating the negative pressure airflow; the breathing mask assembly comprises an outer mask, and a nose communication cover, a positive pressure extension pipe and a negative pressure extension pipe which are positioned in the outer mask; the outer cover is used for covering the mouth and the nose of a patient; the nose communication cover is used for covering the nose of a patient; the positive pressure extension tube and the negative pressure extension tube are used for extending into the oral cavity of a patient; the output port of the positive pressure air suction device is communicated with the positive pressure extension pipe; the output port of the negative pressure expiration device is communicated with the negative pressure extension pipe and the nose communication cover.

Preferably, the gas compensation device further comprises a gas supply device, and the gas supply device comprises a gas pump; the positive pressure suction device comprises a first suction communicating pipe, a positive pressure suction tank and a second suction communicating pipe which are communicated in sequence; the negative pressure expiration device comprises a first expiration communicating pipe, a negative pressure expiration tank and a second expiration communicating pipe which are communicated in sequence; the input port of the air pump is connected and communicated with one end of the first expiration communicating pipe, which is far away from the negative pressure expiration tank; an output port of the air pump is connected and communicated with one end of the first air suction communicating pipe, which is far away from the positive pressure air suction tank; the first breathing-in communicating pipe and the first breathing-out communicating pipe are respectively provided with a first one-way valve.

Preferably, the second inhalation communication tube and the second exhalation communication tube are both provided with a first airflow adjusting valve, and the first airflow adjusting valve is used for adjusting the airflow flowing through the second inhalation communication tube and the second exhalation communication tube.

Preferably, the air pump further comprises an outer connecting pipe, one end of the outer connecting pipe is communicated with the input port of the air pump, the other end of the outer connecting pipe is communicated with the outside, a second air flow regulating valve is arranged on the outer connecting pipe and used for regulating the size of air flow flowing through the outer connecting pipe.

Preferably, the air pump further comprises a controller, and the controller is in communication connection with the air pump, each of the first air flow regulating valves and the second air flow regulating valves.

Preferably, a drain outlet capable of being opened and closed is formed in the negative pressure breathing tank, and a sputum storage tank is connected to the drain outlet.

Preferably, the negative pressure breathing tank is further provided with a negative pressure outer communicating pipe which is communicated with the outside inside the negative pressure breathing tank, the negative pressure outer communicating pipe is provided with a second one-way valve, and the gas inside the negative pressure breathing tank can flow to the outside through the second one-way valve.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method provided by the invention utilizes positive pressure airflow to assist the patient in inhaling and negative pressure airflow to assist the patient in exhaling; during inspiration, because positive pressure is used for filling air into the lung of a patient during inspiration, the pressure difference between positive pressure air flow and the lung is gradually reduced under the influence of muscle contraction force caused by lung expansion, and the pressure of the positive pressure air flow and the pressure of the lung are in smooth transition and slowly reach balance; when the patient exhales, the negative pressure air flow is communicated with the lung of the patient instantly, the lung pressure of the patient is equal to the pressure of the original positive pressure air flow, the lung muscles are equal to the spring stretching to the bottom, the communicated negative pressure air flow forms a certain negative pressure environment (namely lower than the normal air pressure), and the instant abrupt drop pressure difference exists between the lung of the patient and the negative pressure air flow, so that the instant large air flow velocity passes through the phlegm accumulation position of the patient, the effect similar to the cough or sneeze of the person is generated, and the accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge are carried out along with the expiration. When the lung pressure and the negative pressure air flow pressure reach balance, the lung of the patient is communicated with the positive pressure air flow and is converted into a state of positive pressure air flow auxiliary inhalation, and the positive pressure air flow auxiliary inhalation is sequentially and alternately performed, so that the accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge of the patient can be cleaned in time along with the continuous completion of breathing, and the safety of the patient is ensured.

The invention also provides the positive and negative pressure breathing machine with the sputum clearing function, when a patient inhales, positive pressure airflow provided by the positive pressure inhalation device is adopted to assist the patient to inhale, when the patient exhales, negative pressure in the nose and the oral cavity of the patient is adopted to assist the patient to exhale, and because of the existence of internal and external pressure differences during the expiration, the nasal discharge of the nose and the accumulated sputum at the trachea of the patient can be slowly moved to the outside under the lateral or prone condition of the patient, so that the effect of clearing the accumulated sputum and the nasal discharge is realized, and the safety of the patient is ensured.

Furthermore, the positive pressure inhalation and the negative pressure exhalation are realized by the aid of the air pump, and the structure is simple; the arrangement of the first one-way valve can ensure the stabilizing effect of positive pressure and negative pressure and ensure the stabilizing positive pressure and negative pressure in the positive pressure air suction tank and the negative pressure air suction tank.

Further, the first airflow regulating valve can regulate the airflow in the second inspiration communicating pipe and the second expiration communicating pipe, so that different expiration and inspiration degrees of the patient can be regulated.

Furthermore, the arrangement of the outer connecting pipe can ensure the stable positive pressure requirement in the positive pressure air suction tank and the necessary oxygen requirement in the patient inhalation through the additional inhalation of external air under the condition that the air pump realizes the required negative pressure for the negative pressure air suction tank.

Furthermore, the automatic regulation and control of the breathing machine are realized through the controller, the intelligent degree and the automatic degree are improved, and the stable and reliable operation of the breathing machine is ensured.

Furthermore, the drain outlet and the sputum storage tank arranged on the negative pressure breathing tank can uniformly collect and treat accumulated sputum and nasal discharge exhaled by a patient.

Further, the negative pressure outer communicating pipe arranged on the negative pressure breathing tank can ensure that the pressure in the negative pressure breathing tank is balanced when the patient breathes in a negative pressure way, and after the pressure in the negative pressure breathing tank gradually becomes positive pressure along with the prolonging of the expiration time, the expired air flow can be exhausted through the negative pressure outer communicating pipe, so that the excessive pressure in the negative pressure breathing tank is ensured to influence the expiration of the patient.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole connection of positive and negative pressure respirators with phlegm clearing function.

In the figure: 100-positive and negative pressure breathing machine with phlegm clearing function;

10-positive pressure aspirator; 11-a first intake communication tube; 12-positive pressure air suction tank; 13-a second intake communication tube; 14-a first air flow regulating valve; 15-a first one-way valve;

20-negative pressure exhalation device; 21-a first exhalation communicating tube; 22-a negative pressure breathing tank; 221-a sewage outlet; 222-negative pressure outer communicating pipe; 223-a second one-way valve; 23-a second exhalation communicating tube;

30-a respiratory mask assembly;

40-an air pump;

50-an outer connecting pipe; 51-a second air flow regulating valve; 52-a third one-way valve;

60-sputum storage tank.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The invention aims to provide a positive and negative pressure breathing machine with a phlegm clearing function, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, realize the clearing of accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge of a patient and ensure the safety of the patient.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method, which comprises the following steps: the positive pressure airflow is used for assisting in inspiration and the negative pressure airflow is used for assisting in expiration to be correspondingly connected with the mouth and the nose of a patient, then the internal and external pressure difference during expiration is larger than the internal and external pressure difference during inspiration, so that the flow speed of the expiration airflow at the position of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea is larger than the flow speed of the inspiration airflow, and the automatic and continuous carrying-out of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea and nasal discharge in the nasal cavity of the patient is completed along with expiration.

Assisting the patient to inhale by positive pressure airflow and exhale by negative pressure airflow; during inspiration, because positive pressure is used for filling air into the lung of a patient during inspiration, the pressure difference between positive pressure air flow and the lung is gradually reduced under the influence of muscle contraction force caused by lung expansion, and the pressure of the positive pressure air flow and the pressure of the lung are in smooth transition and slowly reach balance; when the patient exhales, the negative pressure air flow is communicated with the lung of the patient instantly, the lung pressure of the patient is equal to the pressure of the original positive pressure air flow, the lung muscles are equal to the spring stretching to the bottom, the communicated negative pressure air flow forms a certain negative pressure environment (namely lower than the normal air pressure), and the instant abrupt drop pressure difference exists between the lung of the patient and the negative pressure air flow, so that the instant large air flow velocity passes through the phlegm accumulation position of the patient, the effect similar to the cough or sneeze of the person is generated, and the accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge are carried out along with the expiration. When the lung pressure and the negative pressure air flow pressure reach balance, the lung of the patient is communicated with the positive pressure air flow and is converted into a state of positive pressure air flow auxiliary inhalation, and the positive pressure air flow auxiliary inhalation is sequentially and alternately performed, so that the accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge of the patient can be cleaned in time along with the continuous completion of breathing, and the safety of the patient is ensured.

Specifically, the pressure and time sequence of the positive pressure air flow and the negative pressure air flow are adjustable, so that adjustment of different conditions is satisfied.

Example two

The present embodiment provides a positive and negative pressure respirator 100 with sputum clearing function based on the positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method in the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a gas compensation device and a respiratory mask assembly 30; the gas compensation device comprises a positive pressure inhalation device 10 and a negative pressure exhalation device 20; the positive pressure suction device 10 is used for generating positive pressure airflow; the negative pressure exhaling device 20 is used for generating negative pressure airflow; the respiratory mask assembly 30 includes an outer mask, and a nose communicating mask, a positive pressure extension tube, and a negative pressure extension tube positioned within the outer mask; the outer cover is used for covering the mouth and the nose of a patient; the nose communication cover is used for covering the nose of the patient; the positive pressure extension pipe and the negative pressure extension pipe are used for extending into the oral cavity of the patient; the output port of the positive pressure suction device 10 is communicated with a positive pressure extension pipe; the output port of the negative pressure exhaling device 20 is communicated with the negative pressure extension tube and the nose communicating cover.

Specifically, the outer cover covers the mouth and the outer side of the nose of the patient to cover the nose and the mouth of the patient, and the sealing of the mouth of the patient is ensured, so that positive pressure airflow and negative pressure airflow can fully act on the breathing of the patient.

Specifically, the outer mask, the nose communication mask, the positive pressure extension tube and the negative pressure extension tube of the breathing mask assembly 30 are integrated into proper shapes so as to be properly sealed and pressurized, and are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the mouth and the nose of a patient, thereby ensuring that the patient exhales, inhales and discharges phlegm to clear nasal discharge.

When a patient inhales, the positive pressure air flow provided by the positive pressure inhalation device 10 is adopted to assist the patient to inhale, when the patient exhales, the negative pressure in the nose and the oral cavity of the patient is adopted to assist the expiration, and due to the existence of the internal and external pressure difference during the expiration, the nasal discharge of the nose and the accumulated phlegm at the trachea of the patient can be slowly moved to the outside under the lateral or prone condition of the patient, so that the effect of clearing the accumulated phlegm and the nasal discharge is realized, and the safety of the patient is ensured.

Specifically, the power sources of the positive pressure inhalation device 10 and the negative pressure exhalation device 20 may be respectively connected to a separate positive pressure respiratory system and a separate negative pressure system in a hospital, except for one air pump 40 used in the following, and in this case, the air pump 40 is replaced by the separate positive pressure respiratory system and the separate negative pressure system in the hospital.

In an alternative of this embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the gas compensation device further includes a gas supply device, and the gas supply device includes a gas pump 40; the positive pressure suction device 10 includes a first suction communication tube 11, a positive pressure suction tank 12, and a second suction communication tube 13 that are communicated in this order; the negative pressure exhale device 20 comprises a first exhale communicating pipe 21, a negative pressure exhale gas tank 22 and a second exhale communicating pipe 23 which are communicated in sequence; the input port of the air pump 40 is connected and communicated with one end of the first expiration communicating pipe 21 away from the negative pressure expiration tank 22; the output port of the air pump 40 is connected and communicated with one end of the first suction communicating pipe 11 away from the positive pressure suction tank 12; the first inhalation communication tube 11 and the first exhalation communication tube 21 are each provided with a first check valve 15. The positive pressure inhalation and the negative pressure exhalation are realized by the air pump 40, and the structure is simple; the arrangement of the first check valve 15 ensures the stabilizing effect of the positive pressure and the negative pressure, and ensures the stable positive pressure and the stable negative pressure in the positive pressure air suction tank 12 and the negative pressure air suction tank 22.

In an alternative of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, preferably, the gas compensation device further includes an outer connecting pipe 50, one end of the outer connecting pipe 50 is connected to the input port of the air pump 40, the other end of the outer connecting pipe 50 is connected to the outside, and a second air flow adjusting valve 51 is disposed on the outer connecting pipe 50, where the second air flow adjusting valve 51 is used for adjusting the air flow flowing through the outer connecting pipe 50. The provision of the external connection tube 50 can ensure the need for a stable positive pressure in the positive pressure suction tank 12 and the need for oxygen necessary for patient inhalation by additional inhalation of external air in the case where the air pump 40 achieves the desired negative pressure for the negative pressure suction tank 22.

In particular, the inlet of the air pump 40 may be connected to the oxygen supply unit or the oxygen supply line as needed to ensure that the patient is supplied with a gas having a certain oxygen content, and may be connected to the oxygen supply unit or the oxygen supply line by the external connection pipe 50 or may be connected to a separate line.

Specifically, the outer connecting pipe 50 is further provided with a third check valve 52, which ensures that the external air can only enter the air pump 40 through the outer connecting pipe 50, and the air in the air pump 40 cannot enter the outside through the outer connecting pipe 50.

Specifically, for the tracheal position of accumulated phlegm, because the pressure difference from inside to outside is greater than the pressure difference from outside to inside during inspiration, the flow rate of the expiratory airflow is slightly greater than the flow rate of the inspiratory airflow, and the effect of sneezing of the patient can be achieved by manually manufacturing the negative pressure expiratory tank 22 by changing the pressure, so that the effect of accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge of the patient can be promoted.

In an alternative of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, preferably, the first airflow adjusting valves 14 are disposed on the second inspiration communicating pipe 13 and the second expiration communicating pipe 23, and the first airflow adjusting valves 14 are used for adjusting the airflow passing through the second inspiration communicating pipe 13 and the second expiration communicating pipe 23. The first air flow regulating valve 14 is provided to regulate the air flow in the second breathing-in communicating tube 13 and the second breathing-out communicating tube 23, thereby realizing the regulation of different exhalations and inhaling degrees of the patient.

In an alternative of this embodiment, preferably, the positive and negative pressure ventilator 100 with sputum removing function further includes a controller, and the controller is communicatively connected to the air pump 40, each of the first air flow regulating valve 14 and the second air flow regulating valve 51. The automatic regulation and control of the breathing machine are realized through the controller, the intelligent degree and the automatic degree are improved, and the stable and reliable operation of the breathing machine is ensured.

To ensure the automation control effect, the controller includes, but is not limited to, communication connection with the above components, and may also be communication connection with an on-off valve or the like at the drain 221.

Specifically, the operator may also adjust and set the operation parameters of each component, such as the opening degree of the first air flow regulating valve 14 and the second air flow regulating valve 51, the opening and closing timing of the air pump 40, the opening and closing timing of the opening and closing valve, and the like, through the controller.

In the alternative of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, preferably, the negative pressure breathing tank 22 is provided with a drain outlet 221 that can be opened and closed, and the drain outlet 221 is connected with a sputum storage tank 60. The drain 221 and the sputum storage tank 60 provided in the negative pressure breathing tank 22 can collect and treat accumulated sputum and nasal discharge of the patient.

Specifically, the drain 221 is provided with an on-off valve, and when the on-off valve is opened, the accumulated sputum, nasal discharge, and the like in the negative pressure breathing tank 22 are discharged.

In the alternative of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, preferably, the negative pressure gas-breathing tank 22 is further provided with a negative pressure outer communicating pipe 222 that communicates with the outside inside the negative pressure gas-breathing tank 22, the negative pressure outer communicating pipe 222 is provided with a second one-way valve 223, and the gas inside the negative pressure gas-breathing tank 22 can flow to the outside through the second one-way valve 223. The negative pressure outer communicating pipe 222 arranged on the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22 can ensure the pressure balance in the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22 when the patient breathes in a negative pressure, and can discharge the breathed air flow through the negative pressure outer communicating pipe 222 after the pressure in the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22 gradually becomes positive pressure along with the expiration time extension, so that the excessive pressure in the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22 is ensured to influence the expiration of the patient.

Description of principle:

after the air pump 40 is started (or after the air pump is respectively connected with a positive pressure system and a negative pressure system of a hospital), the air inlet proportion is regulated by the second air flow regulating valve 51 on the external connecting pipe 50 through the controller, a proper negative pressure is formed in the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22, a proper positive pressure is formed in the positive pressure breathing gas tank 12, the first air flow regulating valve 14 on the second breathing gas communicating pipe 13 is opened by the controller, the first air flow regulating valve 14 on the second breathing gas communicating pipe 23 is closed, at this moment, positive pressure air enters the lung of a patient through the positive pressure extending pipe, after a proper time interval, the internal pressure of the positive pressure breathing gas tank 12 and the lung pressure of the patient reach balance, at this moment, the first air flow regulating valve 14 on the second breathing gas communicating pipe 13 is closed, the first air flow regulating valve 14 on the second communicating pipe 23 is opened, as the lung of the patient is directly communicated with the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22 at this moment, the pressure difference between the lung of the patient and the negative pressure breathing gas tank 22 increases, the expiratory air flow can reach the maximum at this moment, the expiration air flow gradually becomes positive pressure with the expiration time, the controller opens the second one-way valve 223, the expiratory air flow is discharged into the atmosphere, and circulates in sequence. Because the flow of exhaled air reaches a maximum value at the moment when the first air flow regulating valve 14 on the second exhale communicating pipe 23 is opened and is larger than the flow rate of inhaled air, the accumulated phlegm and nasal discharge in the nostrils of the patient are gradually brought to the outside of the body, and the aim of automatically clearing the phlegm for the patient is fulfilled.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A positive and negative pressure assisted breathing method, comprising the steps of: the positive pressure airflow is used for assisting in inspiration and the negative pressure airflow is used for assisting in expiration, the mouth and the nose of a patient are correspondingly connected, then the internal and external pressure difference during expiration is larger than the internal and external pressure difference during inspiration, the expiration airflow velocity at the position of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea is larger than the inspiration airflow velocity, and the automatic and continuous carrying-out of the accumulation of phlegm in the trachea and nasal discharge in the nasal cavity of the patient is completed along with expiration.

2. A positive and negative pressure respirator with sputum clearing function using the positive and negative pressure assisted respiration method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: comprising a gas compensation device and a respiratory mask assembly;

the gas compensation device comprises a positive pressure inspiration device and a negative pressure expiration device; the positive pressure suction device is used for generating the positive pressure airflow; the negative pressure expiration device is used for generating the negative pressure airflow;

the breathing mask assembly comprises an outer mask, and a nose communication cover, a positive pressure extension pipe and a negative pressure extension pipe which are positioned in the outer mask; the outer cover is used for covering the mouth and the nose of a patient; the nose communication cover is used for covering the nose of a patient; the positive pressure extension tube and the negative pressure extension tube are used for extending into the oral cavity of a patient;

the output port of the positive pressure air suction device is communicated with the positive pressure extension pipe; the output port of the negative pressure expiration device is communicated with the negative pressure extension pipe and the nose communication cover.

3. The positive and negative pressure respirator with sputum clearing function according to claim 2, wherein: the gas compensation device also comprises a gas supply device,

the air supply device comprises an air pump;

the positive pressure suction device comprises a first suction communicating pipe, a positive pressure suction tank and a second suction communicating pipe which are communicated in sequence;

the negative pressure expiration device comprises a first expiration communicating pipe, a negative pressure expiration tank and a second expiration communicating pipe which are communicated in sequence;

the input port of the air pump is connected and communicated with one end of the first expiration communicating pipe, which is far away from the negative pressure expiration tank; an output port of the air pump is connected and communicated with one end of the first air suction communicating pipe, which is far away from the positive pressure air suction tank; the first breathing-in communicating pipe and the first breathing-out communicating pipe are respectively provided with a first one-way valve.

4. A positive and negative pressure ventilator with sputum clearing function according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first air flow regulating valves are respectively arranged on the second air suction communicating pipe and the second air discharge communicating pipe, and are used for regulating the air flow flowing through the second air suction communicating pipe and the second air discharge communicating pipe.

5. The positive and negative pressure ventilator with sputum clearing function of claim 4, wherein: the air pump is characterized by further comprising an outer connecting pipe, one end of the outer connecting pipe is communicated with the input port of the air pump, the other end of the outer connecting pipe is communicated with the outside, a second air flow regulating valve is arranged on the outer connecting pipe and used for regulating the size of air flow flowing through the outer connecting pipe.

6. The positive and negative pressure ventilator with sputum clearing function of claim 5, wherein: the air pump, the first air flow regulating valves and the second air flow regulating valves are all in communication connection.

7. A positive and negative pressure ventilator with sputum clearing function according to claim 3, characterized in that: the negative pressure breathing tank is provided with a drain outlet which can be opened and closed, and the drain outlet is connected with a sputum storage tank.

8. A positive and negative pressure ventilator with sputum clearing function according to claim 3, characterized in that: the negative pressure gas-breathing tank is also provided with a negative pressure outer communicating pipe which is communicated with the outside inside the negative pressure gas-breathing tank, the negative pressure outer communicating pipe is provided with a second one-way valve, and the gas inside the negative pressure gas-breathing tank can flow to the outside through the second one-way valve.