CN117849940A - Novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing - Google Patents
Novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing, which comprises the following steps: s1, performing primary treatment on a multi-core optical fiber to be processed; s2, adjusting the position of the multi-core optical fiber through the nano positioning XYZ displacement platform and the optical fiber rotator; s3, observing the fiber core distribution of the multi-core optical fiber; s4, writing the Bragg grating in a plurality of cores of the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing a point-by-point method through femtosecond laser. The novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating writing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing is adopted, the fiber rotator can rotate the optical fiber at different angles (0-360 degrees) so as to realize high-quality fiber Bragg grating writing under different conditions, and corresponding Bragg grating writing can be carried out on different fiber cores of the multi-core fiber according to the user requirement, so that the precision and the efficiency in the writing process are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber device preparation and sensing, in particular to a novel multi-core optical fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing.
Background
In recent years, as multi-core optical fibers attract more and more attention in various social circles, fiber gratings are being used in multi-core optical fibers, and the same type of multi-core fiber gratings have been designed. The device integrates the advantages of the multi-core optical fiber and the fiber bragg grating, and has important practical value and wide application in the technical fields of optical fiber communication and sensing.
The fiber Bragg gratings (FiberBragg Grating, FBG) have refractive index periodic structures, can reflect light waves at a specified resonance wavelength, and play a very important role in developing devices based on multi-core fibers. Meanwhile, based on the differential spectral response of FBGs in different fiber cores to the fiber, the multi-core fiber can be researched in a longitudinal distribution grating array, and the shape of the section of the fiber can be reconstructed in space.
The femtosecond laser direct writing technology is a very convenient and practical fiber grating manufacturing method, and has the advantages of flexible structural design, high writing precision, short manufacturing time and the like. The fiber bragg grating manufactured by the technology has the advantages of high temperature resistance, firm structure and difficult damage, and the method has no requirement on the photosensitivity of the optical fiber, so that the additional cost required by the operation of increasing the photosensitivity is reduced. In addition, the femtosecond laser direct writing technology can also manufacture gratings with other complex structures. Therefore, this technology is a popular technology in the field of fiber grating manufacturing.
In recent years, multi-core optical fibers (MCFs) are also gradually applied in multiplexing technology, and become a hotspot and an important point of research of domestic and foreign scientific researchers. Because the space occupied by the information storage interaction place is limited, such as internet nodes, data centers and the like, and particularly the place for realizing information storage and interaction in the places is narrower, the space utilization requirement is higher, and therefore, the transmission capacity and speed of the information are required to be improved. In addition, the transmission capacity of a single optical fiber cannot be increased in physical aspects by using more optical fibers and related communication systems, and the transmission capacity of the single optical fiber is required to be increased, so that each fiber core in the multi-core optical fiber or different modes transmitted in each fiber core can be used as an independent channel, and the road for optical fiber communication transportation is widened. And the space-wise increment capacity of the multi-core optical fiber reaches 2-3 orders of magnitude. Therefore, the development of the multi-core optical fiber has very far-reaching significance in the aspects of improving the information transmission quantity, reducing the optical cable cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing, which can carry out corresponding Bragg grating inscribing on different fiber cores of a multi-core fiber according to user requirements, thereby improving the precision and the efficiency in the inscribing process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, performing primary treatment on a multi-core optical fiber to be processed;
s2, adjusting the position of the multi-core optical fiber through the nano positioning XYZ displacement platform and the optical fiber rotator;
s3, observing the fiber core distribution of the multi-core optical fiber;
s4, writing the Bragg grating in a plurality of cores of the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing a point-by-point method through femtosecond laser.
Preferably, the step S1 of performing primary treatment on the multi-core optical fiber to be processed specifically includes the following steps:
s11, selecting a single-mode-multimode-multicore-multimode-single-mode multicore optical fiber fusion transmission spectrum structure;
s12, removing an optical fiber coating layer of the to-be-processed part of the multi-core optical fiber;
s13, cutting the end face of the multi-core optical fiber by an optical fiber cutting knife;
and S14, welding the multi-core optical fibers in the step S13 by adopting an optical fiber welding machine, and finishing the primary treatment of the optical fibers to be processed.
Preferably, before step S2, a multi-core optical fiber experimental system for femtosecond laser writing is built, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, designing a structure of an optical fiber rotator fixing device by using simulation software, wherein the optical fiber rotator fixing device comprises a bottom base and a stable bolt;
step two, processing and forming the designed optical fiber rotator fixing device by utilizing organic glass;
and thirdly, arranging a groove on the upper end surface of the stable bolt along the axis, and realizing sliding connection of the optical fiber rotator and the stable bolt through the groove.
Preferably, in step S2, the specific steps for performing position adjustment on the multicore fiber are as follows:
s21, fixing the multi-core optical fiber subjected to primary treatment in the step S1 on a nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform;
s22, straightening the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform, so that the horizontal direction of the multi-core optical fiber is parallel to the moving Y axis of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform;
s23, rotating the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing an optical fiber rotator so that a plurality of fiber cores are on the same plane;
s24, adjusting the Z axis of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform to enable the laser to be positioned at the center of the multi-core optical fiber for writing.
Preferably, in step S3, the core distribution of the multicore fiber is observed by using an end-face microscope, and the result of the core distribution is displayed by using μfab software.
Preferably, step S4 specifically includes:
s41, observing a laser focusing position through a CCD camera, and moving the laser focusing position to the center of the fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber;
s42, inputting a preset processing program into software, and controlling the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform to inscribe the Bragg grating;
s43, adjusting and controlling the output energy, the Power output Power and the laser emission Intensity AOM Intensity of the software of the femtosecond laser according to the set pulse energy, the set frequency and the set movement speed of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform.
Therefore, the novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts SolidWorks software to design the bottom base part and the stable bolt part, has stable and simple structure and realizes the height adjustment of the optical fiber rotator.
(2) The optical fiber rotator used in the invention can rotate the optical fiber with high precision, can effectively improve the writing precision and efficiency in the writing process of the optical fiber, has large rotating angle, and further has controllable writing structure of the fiber core.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of an embodiment of a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bottom base of an embodiment of a novel writing method of a multi-core fiber multiplexing grating based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stable latch of an embodiment of a novel writing method of a multi-core fiber multiplexing grating based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the bottom base portion and the stabilizing pin portion of an embodiment of the novel writing method of the multi-core fiber multiplexing grating based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a multi-core fiber end face of an embodiment of a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of a multi-core fiber end face of an embodiment of a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core fiber in different planes according to an embodiment of the writing method of a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core fiber in the same plan view of an embodiment of a novel writing method of a multi-core fiber multiplexing grating based on femtosecond laser direct writing;
fig. 9 is a diagram of a writing transmission spectrum of a multi-core fiber FBG according to an embodiment of the novel writing method of a multi-core fiber multiplexing grating based on femtosecond laser direct writing.
Reference numerals
1. A base; 2. a middle bolt; 3. a rib structure; 4. inserting a column; 5. an insertion hole; 6. a groove.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As shown in fig. 1, a novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing comprises the following steps:
s1, performing primary treatment on a multi-core optical fiber to be processed, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, selecting a single-mode-multimode-multicore-multimode-single-mode multicore optical fiber fusion transmission spectrum structure for smooth proceeding of a subsequent observation result; i.e. a three-core optical fiber, to ensure that the optical path can be smoothly coupled through;
s12, removing an optical fiber coating layer of a to-be-processed part of the multi-core optical fiber by using an optical fiber wire stripper, and wiping the optical fiber by using alcohol to remove impurities;
s13, cutting the end face of the multi-core optical fiber through an optical fiber cutting knife Guhe FITEL S325 so as to ensure the subsequent welding quality;
and S14, after cutting is completed, welding the multi-core optical fibers in the step S13 by adopting an optical fiber welding machine Guhe FIEL S178 to obtain a required transmission spectrum structure, and finishing the primary treatment of the optical fibers to be processed.
The experimental system for manufacturing the multi-core optical fiber by femtosecond laser writing is built, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, a high precision fiber rotator model 466A-717 is selected, the 466A-717 high precision fiber rotator being an economical fiber rotator designed for low rotational alignment requirements, the slotted design of which enables easy insertion and removal of multicore fibers and a full 360 ° rotation, has a high sensitivity of about 0.1 °, secures the fibers in 250 micron V-grooves by a single clamping arm, and the V-block can be repositioned by the user.
The structure of the fiber rotator fixing device, which includes a bottom base and a fixing pin, was designed using simulation software SolidWorks as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and then the bottom base portion and the fixing pin were assembled as shown in fig. 4.
Step two, the optical fiber rotator fixing device which is designed is molded by utilizing organic glass, the lower part is a bottom base part, a base 1 with the thickness of 6mm is selected, meanwhile, a middle bolt 2 is stabilized by utilizing a rib structure 3 and the base 1, so that the stability of the bottom base is ensured when the stable bolt is inserted, and two different modes can be selected to fix on the bottom base aiming at an insertion column body 4 of the stable bolt: the first is to insert the insertion cylinder 4 of the fixing bolt into the insertion hole 5 of the middle bolt 2, and then fix the overlapped part (connection area) of the base 1 and the insertion cylinder 4 by the cooperation of the screw and the nut; the second is to open holes in the two side areas of the middle bolt 2, and fix the two side areas respectively, so as to ensure the stability of the stable bolt and no deviation.
The upper part is an inserting part, namely a stable bolt, and the 466A-717 optical fiber rotator is placed on the stable bolt in the later stage, and the method of the bolt is selected for fixing so as to ensure the placement stability of the optical fiber.
And thirdly, a section of longer groove 6 is formed in the upper end face of the stable bolt part along the axis, sliding connection of the optical fiber rotator and the stable bolt is realized through the groove 6, and after the optical fiber rotator is fixed on the stable bolt, the movable position is adjusted. In addition, the rib structure 3 is selected to be reinforced between the insertion column 4 at the lower part of the stabilizing bolt and the plane where the optical fiber rotator is arranged at the upper part. Next, holes are punched to a predetermined depth on both sides, and the holes are offset by a predetermined length in the vertical direction so that fine adjustment can be performed in a minute range. Meanwhile, the downward punching distance is required to ensure that the screw can be tightened, and the stability of the fixed connection of the upper part and the lower part is ensured.
S2, adjusting the position of the multi-core optical fiber through the nano positioning XYZ displacement platform and the optical fiber rotator, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:
s21, placing the multi-core optical fiber subjected to primary treatment in the step S1 on a glass slide, and dripping corresponding matching oil, so that the multi-core optical fiber is fixed on a nano positioning XYZ displacement platform in order to observe the fiber core of the optical fiber in the observation process and then covered by the glass slide;
one end of the optical fiber is fixed by an optical fiber clamp, and then the optical fiber clamp at the other end is closed while the optical fiber is straightened, so that the optical fiber can be tensioned between the two clamps, and in the process, the optical fiber is straightened, so that the efficiency is improved for the subsequent straightening and inscribing processes.
S22, straightening the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform, and adjusting the position of the multi-core optical fiber by adjusting a micrometer so that the horizontal direction of the multi-core optical fiber is completely parallel to the moving Y axis of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform;
s23, rotating the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing an optical fiber rotator to enable a plurality of fiber cores to be on the same plane, so that subsequent inscription and definition adjustment are convenient to carry out corresponding comparison;
s24, adjusting the Z axis of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform to enable the laser to be positioned at the center of the multi-core optical fiber for writing.
S3, observing the fiber core distribution of the multi-core optical fiber; in order to adjust to the inscribing plane more quickly during inscription, the fiber cores of the multi-core (three-core) optical fiber are particularly distributed by using an end-face microscope, and as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the three fiber cores are observed to be on the same straight line (note that the fiber cores of other types of three-core optical fibers can be triangular, the method provided by the invention is also applicable), and the distance between the three fiber cores is 31.25 mu m and is uniformly distributed.
At this time, three fiber cores at different focal lengths are seen on the μfab software as shown in fig. 7. And then, rotating the multi-core (three-core) optical fiber by utilizing an optical fiber rotator, and placing the three optical fibers on the same plane, wherein the plane is parallel to the X axis, so that the subsequent writing and the adjustment of definition are convenient for corresponding comparison. The area shown in fig. 8 is the result of adjusting the three cores to the same plane, and in order to achieve the inscription quality and efficiency, the multi-core optical fiber with the central symmetry structure is selected to have a clearer effect, while the three-core optical fiber selected by the user has the characteristics.
S4, writing Bragg gratings in a plurality of fiber cores of the multi-core fiber by utilizing a point-to-point method through femtosecond laser, wherein the writing method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, observing a laser focusing position through a CCD camera, and moving the laser focusing position to the center of the fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber;
s42, inputting a preset processing program into software, controlling the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform to write the Bragg grating, wherein the structural size of the writing can be controlled by adjusting a series of parameters such as writing length, writing interval and various laser parameters such as laser intensity, laser frequency and the like.
S43, according to the set pulse energy, frequency and moving speed of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform, the output energy of software for controlling the femtosecond laser is adjusted to 7%, power is 20%, and AOM (optical wavelength) is 8%, wherein the moving speed of the relevant displacement platform is correspondingly adjusted according to the Bragg grating with the required inscribed center wavelength.
Meanwhile, whether the fiber cores of the multi-core optical fibers can be accurately positioned determines whether the corresponding optical fiber gratings can be inscribed on the corresponding fiber cores, so that the preparation of the first FBG is completed by adjusting light spots to the middle of the first fiber core. And (3) adjusting the nano positioning XYZ displacement platform, and then repeating the process to finish the preparation of the three fiber cores FBG. In the writing process of the multi-core optical fiber, compared with a single-mode optical fiber, the biggest difficulty is that the cores of the multi-core optical fiber need to be adjusted and positioned, because the number of the cores is increased and the geometric structure is irregular, the writing difficulty is high.
The dashed lines in FIG. 9 are the transmission spectra of the three cores of the present invention at different center wavelengths, whose center wavelengths are 1535nm, 1540nm and 1565nm, respectively. Experimental results show that the optical fiber rotator can rotate the multi-core optical fiber by different angles (0-360 degrees) so as to realize high-quality fiber Bragg grating writing under different conditions.
Therefore, the novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating writing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing is a height-adjustable and rotatable fiber Bragg grating writing method, and the writing device is divided into three parts for combination, namely a fiber rotator, a bottom base part and a bolt stabilizing part. The bottom base part and the bolt stabilizing part are designed by utilizing SolidWorks, and the multi-core optical fiber is rotated by the optical fiber rotator to write the fiber Bragg grating.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing primary treatment on a multi-core optical fiber to be processed;
s2, adjusting the position of the multi-core optical fiber through the nano positioning XYZ displacement platform and the optical fiber rotator;
s3, observing the fiber core distribution of the multi-core optical fiber;
s4, writing the Bragg grating in a plurality of cores of the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing a point-by-point method through femtosecond laser.
2. The novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating writing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary treatment is carried out on the multi-core fiber to be processed in the step S1, specifically comprising the following steps:
s11, selecting a single-mode-multimode-multicore-multimode-single-mode multicore optical fiber fusion transmission spectrum structure;
s12, removing an optical fiber coating layer of the to-be-processed part of the multi-core optical fiber;
s13, cutting the end face of the multi-core optical fiber by an optical fiber cutting knife;
and S14, welding the multi-core optical fibers in the step S13 by adopting an optical fiber welding machine, and finishing the primary treatment of the optical fibers to be processed.
3. The novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on the femtosecond laser direct writing according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of constructing a multi-core fiber experimental system for the femtosecond laser direct writing before the step S2, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, designing a structure of an optical fiber rotator fixing device by using simulation software, wherein the optical fiber rotator fixing device comprises a bottom base and a stable bolt;
step two, processing and forming the designed optical fiber rotator fixing device by utilizing organic glass;
and thirdly, arranging a groove on the upper end surface of the stable bolt along the axis, and realizing sliding connection of the optical fiber rotator and the stable bolt through the groove.
4. The novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of adjusting the positions of the multi-core fibers in the step S2 are as follows:
s21, fixing the multi-core optical fiber subjected to primary treatment in the step S1 on a nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform;
s22, straightening the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform, so that the horizontal direction of the multi-core optical fiber is parallel to the moving Y axis of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform;
s23, rotating the multi-core optical fiber by utilizing an optical fiber rotator so that a plurality of fiber cores are on the same plane;
s24, adjusting the Z axis of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform to enable the laser to be positioned at the center of the multi-core optical fiber for writing.
5. The novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the core distribution of the multicore fiber was observed by using an end-face microscope, and the result of the core distribution was displayed by using μfab software.
6. The novel multi-core fiber multiplexing grating inscribing method based on femtosecond laser direct writing of claim 1, wherein step S4 specifically comprises:
s41, observing a laser focusing position through a CCD camera, and moving the laser focusing position to the center of the fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber;
s42, inputting a preset processing program into software, and controlling the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform to inscribe the Bragg grating;
s43, adjusting and controlling the output energy, the Power output Power and the laser emission Intensity AOM Intensity of the software of the femtosecond laser according to the set pulse energy, the set frequency and the set movement speed of the nanometer positioning XYZ displacement platform.
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