CN117847462A - Directional quasi-flat light cone - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides an optical device, namely a directional quasi-flat light cone, which is a light cone capable of directionally projecting quasi-parallel light; the light source comprises a light cone and a light pipe, a light outlet, a collimating mirror and a light outlet, wherein the light pipe, the light outlet and the collimating mirror are communicated with the light cone; it can directionally project quasi-parallel light, and the projection direction of the quasi-parallel light beam does not move along with the movement of the sun. The solar fixed-focus condensing lens can be simply, efficiently, standardized, automatically assembled and produced with low rejection rate, and has the beneficial technical effects of practicality and the like through the innovative design of the solar fixed-focus condensing lens, the power generation and heat collection device thereof and the integration of the solar fixed-focus condensing lens and the power generation and heat collection device thereof; the solar energy can be used for projecting sunlight to a designated position, so that the illumination intensity of a unit area of a designated area is improved, photosynthesis is promoted, the yield and quality of agriculture, forestry, fishery, salt industry and the like are improved, the solar energy can be used as directional projection commodities such as natural light illumination devices and the like for sale, and sunlight can be projected from a distance outside a window to an indoor position, so that a room facing north can be irradiated with the sunlight.

Description

Directional quasi-flat light cone

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of optical components, and particularly relates to a light cone capable of directionally projecting quasi-parallel light, namely a directional quasi-flat light cone.

Background

In 1986, the inventors of the present application wanted to invent a simple and practical solar collector for efficient and low cost use of solar energy. At that time, an utility model patent, namely a wide-angle stereoscope, was also filed, and the publication number is CN86209607U. After 37 years of exploration and experiment, the inventor of the application submits a patent application of 'solar fixed-focus condensing lens and a power generation and heat collection device thereof' with the application number of 2023112210245 on the 21 st 9 th 2023. The solar energy collecting device is characterized in that n light-splitting pipes are arranged and combined into a module serving as a spectroscope, and the module is used for splitting large-area incident sunlight into n thin light beams; the beam-dividing pipes are respectively provided with a section of guide pipe for emitting the fine branch light beams to the collimating mirror (also called flattening mirror), and the Jing Zhun collimating mirror is turned into the quasi-parallel light beams and then emits the quasi-parallel light beams to the target light receiving area at the same fixed position, so that fixed focus light condensation is formed. The solar tracking system does not need a high-precision, expensive, supporting and complex solar tracking system, has a simple structure, few components, is easy to manufacture, easy to install, light, thin and durable, reduces the equipment acquisition cost by more than 25% compared with the trough type condensing device in the existing solar tracking system with the lowest cost, is beneficial to collecting and utilizing solar energy in cloudy days, is more beneficial to a solar fixed-focus condensing lens, can be widely applied to the technical fields of concentrating photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation, improves the photoelectric conversion rate and promotes the development and utilization of solar energy. However, the process accuracy requirement of the solar fixed-focus condensing lens in the background technology is high, the manufacturing difficulty is high, the production efficiency is low, and the rejection rate is high.

The existing natural lighting system has numerous products, mature technology and wide application. Natural light is firstly collected through an outdoor lighting device, then is transmitted to a diffuser through a light pipe, and is uniformly and stably diffused into a room through the diffuser. The investigation shows that the existing natural lighting system has larger volume, high manufacturing cost and few usable places.

Those skilled in the art of agriculture know that increasing the intensity of illumination can increase the yield and quality of many crops such as fruit trees. Common fructus Camptothecae Acuminatae fruit trees include apple tree, citrus tree, peach tree, cherry tree, grape tree, etc.; common light-loving crops are corn, cotton, sunflower, soybean, peanut, strawberry and the like.

The utility model relates to a solar fixed-focus condensing lens, which is characterized in that an optimal production and manufacturing process technical scheme is innovated so as to simply, efficiently, standardize, automatically and assemble and manufacture the solar fixed-focus condensing lens with low rejection rate, thereby forming a key innovation of whether the scheme is practical or not and whether the scheme has commercial value or not.

How to innovate the optimal natural lighting scheme becomes the key innovation of whether the natural lighting system is practical or not and whether the natural lighting system has commercial value or not.

The key innovation for improving the yield and quality of the happy crops is achieved by innovating the optimal technical scheme for increasing the illumination intensity of the crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the present application is: a light cone capable of directionally projecting quasi-parallel light, namely a directional quasi-flat light cone, is provided, so that the solar fixed-focus condensing lens can be assembled and produced simply, efficiently, in a standardized and automatic way with low rejection rate, and can be used for directionally projecting sunlight indoors from a distance outside a window, so that the illumination intensity is increased, and the yield and quality of light-preference crops are improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical scheme.

The application provides a directional quasi-flat light cone, including the light cone, its characterized in that:

(1) the small end (i.e. the tip) of the light cone is communicated with a light pipe, and the light pipe is used for guiding the light outlet to a preset position; in other words, the small end of the light cone is communicated with one end (i.e. the inlet end) of the light pipe, and the other end (i.e. the outlet end) of the light pipe is a light outlet, and the light outlet is guided to any position required by the light pipe;

(2) a concave mirror or lens (capable of converting the light beam and scattered light thereof into quasi-parallel light beams) is arranged in front of the light outlet (of the light pipe) (namely in the emission direction of the light beam), and the concave mirror or lens and the lens can be collectively called a quasi-flat mirror according to the usage of the concave mirror or lens;

studies have shown that: if the sub-beam and the scattered light thereof are not converged and shaped (i.e. refracted/reflected) into a quasi-parallel beam (with extremely small divergence angle) by the quasi-flat mirror, the sub-beam and the scattered light thereof are scattered in a short distance (about 10-26 mm) and cannot be used for subsequent applications such as long-distance focusing; the aperture d of the light outlet is preferably set to be 0.1-3.15mm;

(3) the light outlet is positioned on the focal plane of the collimating mirror, so that the thin branch light beams emitted from the light outlet and scattered light thereof form a point light source positioned on the focal plane of the collimating mirror; the diameter of the point light source is preferably set to be 0.1 mm-3.15 mm;

(4) the sub-beams (emitted from the light outlet) and scattered light thereof are projected on the collimating mirror, and then are converged and shaped (i.e. refracted/reflected) by the collimating mirror into quasi-parallel beams, and are directionally projected in a mode of the quasi-parallel beams;

(5) the light cone and the light pipe are light channels with high reflectivity or/and total reflection characteristic (namely, the reflectivity is 100 percent), and the reflectivity is more than or equal to 90 percent or 95 percent or 97 percent or 99 percent or 99.9 percent or 99.99 percent; researches show that the light loss is large when the reflectivity is lower than 95%, the manufacturing cost is high when the reflectivity is higher than 99%, and the optimal reflectivity is 95% -99%; the light cone or the light pipe can be a hollow pipe or a transparent solid pipe and other light channels; the light pipe is used for adjusting the placement position and the alignment direction of the light outlet so as to meet the position and the orientation requirement of the collimating mirror, thereby realizing directional projection of the quasi-parallel light beam;

(6) preferably, the taper D/L of the light cone is less than or equal to 0.45 or 0.35 or 0.25 or 0.10, wherein D is the diameter of a light inlet of the light cone, and L is the height of the light cone; the light cone is used for splitting incident sunlight received by the large end (namely the light inlet) into thin branch light beams with high energy flux density; the light cone is commonly called as a light funnel, is a non-imaging element, and after light enters the large end (also called as a large mouth) of the light cone, the light can be emitted from the small end (also called as a small mouth or a sharp mouth) of the light cone through a plurality of reflections without generating retroreflection; in order to reduce the light loss, the height L of the light cone should be shortened as much as possible, so that the number of times of light reflection in the light cone is reduced as much as possible, and the area ratio of the large opening to the small opening of the light cone is as large as possible; studies have shown that the smaller the taper D/L, the fewer the number of reflections of the light within the cone, the more direct the light propagation path, and the less light loss.

Preferably, the directional quasi-flat light cone can be technically improved and perfected from the following aspects (1) to (r).

Preferably (1), the light pipe is a light channel with the length C of 0-128mm and the caliber d of 0.1-15 mm; when the length C of the light pipe is 0, it means that the light pipe can be omitted, and only the small end (i.e., the tip) of the light cone is used as the light outlet. Researches show that when the caliber d of the light pipe is smaller than 0.1mm, the emitted thin branch light beam diffracts and a large amount of scattered light appears, which is unfavorable for forming a directional quasi-parallel light beam; in contrast, when the aperture d of the light outlet of the light pipe is larger than 5mm, a great amount of scattered light also appears in the emitted thin branch light beam, which is not beneficial to forming a directional quasi-parallel light beam; therefore, the optimal numerical range of the caliber d of the light outlet of the light pipe is 0.1-5mm. Researches also show that when the light pipe is a solid pipe, the end face of the light outlet of the light pipe needs to be polished and flattened, otherwise, serious scattering phenomenon occurs; the study shows that when the light pipe is a hollow pipe, the light outlet has no solid end face, and serious scattering phenomenon can not occur; in order to simplify the production process and avoid polishing, the light pipe is preferably a hollow pipe.

Preferably (2), the light inlet of the light cone is a shallow pit light inlet, a convex light inlet or a lighting cover light inlet. The light inlet of the shallow pit cannot be too deep, dust cannot be cleaned well, and the ratio of the depth of the light inlet to the thickness of the light inlet is preferably 0.15-0.65; the protruding light inlet cannot be too protruding, and dust in a gap cannot be cleaned well. In theory, the light inlet of the light cone is the best, but the opening is easy to fall into dust, the dust is easy to block the tip mouth, and the cleaning is difficult; as such, technical measures of shallow pit light inlets or raised light inlets are taken herein. In this way, compared with a plane, the solar light with a larger incident angle can be prevented from being lost due to total reflection, so that the maximum receiving angle of the solar light can be increased, and the incident angle can be increased to enable the incident solar light to be transmitted in the light cone by total reflection as much as possible.

Preferably (3), the light outlet is aligned with the center point of the collimating mirror; in this way, as many beamlets as possible are projected onto the collimating mirror to form a quasi-collimated beam.

Preferably (4), in order to increase the parallelism of the quasi-parallel light beam as much as possible, to reduce the manufacturing difficulty, and to reduce the manufacturing cost, the diameter of the quasi-flat mirror should be properly enlarged, and preferably, the diameter of the quasi-flat mirror is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the light cone light inlet.

Preferably (5), the light cone is wedge cone to reduce manufacturing difficulty and cost.

Preferably (6), the light outlet is disposed at a focal point of the collimating mirror, so that the sub-beam emitted from the light outlet and the scattered light thereof form a point light source located at the focal point of the collimating mirror.

Preferably (7), the distance from the collimating mirror to the light outlet is less than or equal to 32.2mm.

Preferably (8) a light source reflector is disposed in front of the light outlet, so that the fine branch light beam turns to (the concave surface of) the concave mirror, and is reflected into a quasi-parallel light beam by (the concave surface of) the concave mirror, so that part of the light in the central area is prevented from being directly scattered out without being converted into the quasi-parallel light beam by the concave surface. Thus, the use of a convex lens (i.e., a collimating lens) with high cost and short lifetime can be avoided. Studies have shown that the light source mirror is added in front of the guide opening (i.e. in front of the point light source) in order to enable all of the sub-beams and their scattered light to be emitted from the concave mirror as the quasi-parallel beam. However, if the light source reflector is not provided, part of the light emitted by the point light source will not be reflected by the concave mirror and scattered, so that the quasi-parallel light beam diverges. The light source reflector is added to block the light which is not reflected by the concave mirror, so that the quasi-parallel light beam with accurate orientation is formed.

Preferably (9) the outlet end of the light pipe is a straight pipe (for example, 0.1-16 mm); i.e. a section of light pipe close to the light outlet is a straight pipe (e.g. 0.10-16 mm). Researches show that if the outlet end of the light pipe is bent, if the pipe diameter is too thick/thick, the pipe is too short, and the ratio of the pipe length to the pipe diameter is too small, the fine branch light beam is easy to scatter, the divergence angle is large, and accurate directional projection is difficult. Researches show that the aperture d of the light pipe is less than or equal to 1.5mm, and the light loss is minimum.

Preferably, the light cone and the light pipe connected with the light cone, the light outlet positioned on the focus and the collimating mirror are arranged in the shell together to form an optical device unit whole.

Preferably, the optical device unit is an integral body formed by (together) a light cone unit positioned at the upper part, the light pipe positioned at the middle part and a concave surface collimating mirror unit positioned at the lower part; the inner wall of the light cone unit, the inner wall of the concave surface quasi-flat mirror unit and the inner wall of the light pipe are all provided with a (high-reflectivity) coating reflecting layer. In this way, the light outlet 302 can be set at the focal position (without manual focusing) by one-time injection molding (or casting) and the directional quasi-flat light cone described in the application can be manufactured by one-time electroplating, thereby being beneficial to improving the production and manufacturing efficiency and greatly reducing the production and manufacturing cost.

Preferably, the height of the light cone is L, and the caliber of the light inlet is D; the length of the light pipe is C, and the aperture of a light outlet of the light pipe is d; the area of the light cone light inlet is S ₁ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (preferably) wherein L.ltoreq.16 mm or 32mm or 64mm or 128mm or 256mm or 512mm, D.ltoreq.8 mm or 16mm or 32mm or 64mm or 128mm or 480mm, C.ltoreq.0.1 mm or 1mm or 2mm or 4mm or 8mm or 16mm or 32mm or 480mm, d.ltoreq.0.25 mm or 0.5mm or 1mm or 2mm or 4mm or 8mm, D/d.gtoreq.25 or 10 or 5 or 3.7 or 1.7. It is particularly emphasized here that D should be used in order to avoid the high temperatures that result from too large a D/D value, which in turn leads to burning out of medium and low temperature (80-200 ℃) resistant materials ² /d ² The value of the light output is set to 3-22, preferably 3-9, and the light output is far away from the target light receiving area; at this time, the light beam emitted from the light guide tube and the tip has a light condensing multiple of less than 10 times and a low fluence, so that inexpensive general materials such as a coated aluminum tube can be used; research shows that D ² /d ² 3-22, and the light outlet is far away from the target light receiving area, the light pipe made of medium and low temperature resistant materials cannot be burnt out, and the manufactured oriented quasi-flat light cone is ageing resistant, long in service life and high in cost performance; in other words, the D/D is more than or equal to 4.69 and more than or equal to 1.73, the light pipe made of medium and low temperature resistant materials cannot be burnt out, and the manufactured oriented quasi-flat light cone has higher cost performance; conversely, if D ² /d ² More than or equal to 25, the light pipe and the sharp nozzle which are made of high temperature resistant materials (200-1000 ℃) are needed.

The light source reflector is additionally provided with a luminescent material so as to improve the light energy capturing rate; for example with a luminescent material such as a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material or the like, on top of the light source reflector. The luminescent material is a material which absorbs the waste heat of the invisible wave band and the mirror body in sunlight, enters an excited state and emits visible light (with high photoelectric conversion rate). The luminescent material can be referred to as a luminescent substrate or material in the Chinese patent 'luminescent solar concentrator (CN 102668128B'). Therefore, the light energy such as invisible wave band and mirror body waste heat in the fine branch light beam and scattered light thereof can be converted into the visible wave band with high photoelectric conversion rate, thereby being beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion rate. The test comparison data shows that: after the luminescent material is attached to the light source reflector, the light source reflector is applied to photovoltaic power generation, and the photoelectric conversion rate can be improved by about 2%.

The directional quasi-flat light cone has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in injection molding, easiness in compression molding, easiness in polishing after 3D printing and forming and easiness in coating film manufacturing of the reflecting layer with high reflectivity.

Preferably, the quasi-parallel beam is directed indirectly to the target light receiving zone via a (arranged) steering mirror (e.g. fresnel lens) adjustment direction.

Preferably, the plurality of oriented quasi-flat light cones are integrated into a module for collecting sunlight over a large area and projecting a large area of quasi-parallel light beams.

It should be emphasized that the light rays emitted from the light outlet or the tip (mouth) to the collimating mirror form a point light source on the focal plane of the point light source; the point light source is scattered light projected forward, and is scattered light projected forward from one point regardless of the movement of the sun, the diameter of the projected spot does not exceed the diameter of the collimating mirror, in other words, the size of the projected spot does not exceed the range of the collimating mirror, and the projection direction is not changed substantially. In summary, the alignment of this solution is: the sunlight is first split, compressed and converted into fixed forward projected point light sources, and the forward scattered light from the point light sources in the focal plane, preferably the focus, is then converted into parallel light beam and directed to the target light receiving area in the same far fixed position. Studies have shown that the smaller the aperture of the light outlet (the more preferably the aperture d is less than or equal to 1.5 mm), the closer the light emitted from the light outlet is to a point light source, and the more parallel the quasi-parallel light beams emitted from the quasi-flat mirror are.

The light cone refers to a light cone or a light funnel, and can be a transparent solid cone or a hollow cone. Caliber D and D are parameters representing the sizes of the light inlet and the light outlet, and refer to the diameter sizes if the aperture is a circular aperture, the long axis sizes if the aperture is an elliptical aperture, and the long sides or diagonal sizes if the aperture is a rectangular aperture.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial technical effects.

First, tracking-free, wide (receiving) angle, and directional projection of quasi-parallel light: the inventive directional quasi-flat light cone combines the light cone, the light pipe, the light outlet and the quasi-flat mirror to form an independent module, so as to form a standardized optical device, the quasi-parallel light can be projected in a directional and long distance, the projection direction of the quasi-parallel light can be fixed and can not move along with the movement of the sun, and the sunlight receiving angle can be increased to-75 degrees to +75 degrees. Thereby skillfully realizing the beneficial technical effects that the sun moves, the direction of the quasi-parallel light beam projected by the oriented quasi-flat light cone is fixed, and the sun system can be free from tracking.

Second, standardized optics: as the directional quasi-flat light cone of the standardized optical device, the solar fixed-focus condensing lens can be simply, efficiently, standardized, automated and assembled with low rejection rate, and can be randomly spliced and combined into a directional quasi-flat light cone array like building blocks, so that a plurality of quasi-parallel light beams are projected in a directional manner. Therefore, the solar fixed-focus condensing lens and the power generation and heat collection device (CN 2023112210245) thereof in the background technology can find out the optimal production and manufacturing process technical scheme through the innovative design which is integrated into zero, and the practicability and the commercial value of low rejection rate are obtained.

Thirdly, remotely and directionally projecting sunlight: the directional quasi-flat light cone serving as a standardized optical device can be used for projecting sunlight to a designated position, improving the illumination intensity of a unit area of a designated area, promoting photosynthesis, improving the yield and quality of agriculture, forestry, fishery, salt industry and the like, and can also be used as a directional light projecting commodity such as a natural light illuminating device and the like for selling, for example, projecting sunlight from a far position outside a window to an indoor position, so that a room facing north can also be irradiated with the sunlight.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the outline structure of a light cone in the present application (embodiment one).

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the light cone of FIG. 1 in which light pipes are connected.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a concave mirror (i.e., a collimating mirror) disposed in front of a tube orifice (i.e., a light outlet) of the (light pipe) shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a directional collimation cone shown in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of an oriented quasi-flat cone (e.g., fig. 10) of the present application (embodiment two).

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a directional collimation cone (e.g., fig. 10) of the present application (embodiment three).

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the outline structure of a wedge-shaped light cone in the present application (embodiment one).

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a notch cone in the present application (embodiment one).

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a convex light cone in the present application (embodiment one).

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the external structure of a (hexahedral) oriented quasi-flat cone unit according to the present application.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a solar fixed-focus condensing lens assembled by using a directional quasi-flat light cone array and a fresnel lens.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the position A-B in FIG. 11.

Fig. 13 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of another directional collimation cone of the present application.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section structure of an oriented quasi-flat cone of light of the present application (embodiment four).

Fig. 15 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the light source reflector of fig. 5 fastened to a light pipe (nozzle).

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of an application of the directional quasi-flat cone array of sunlight to a room according to the present application (embodiment five).

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an application of the directional quasi-flat cone array of sunlight on fruit trees according to the present application (example six).

Reference numerals illustrate: 1-cone, 101- (cone) tip, 102- (cone) entrance, 103-shallow (i.e., notch), 104-convex (i.e., boss), 105-reflective layer, 2-collimating mirror, 3-light pipe, 301-focal plane, 302-exit, 303-target light receiving area, 304-axis, 305-center line, 306-point source, 4-sunlight, 401-scattered light, 402-beamlets, 5-quasi-parallel beams, 6-fresnel lens (i.e., a guide mirror), 7-light source reflector, 701-luminescent material, 702-fastener, 8-oriented collimating cone, 801-housing, 9-light guide tube, 10-oriented collimating cone array, 11-guide reflector, 12-mount.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement of the purpose and the effect achieved in the present application easy to understand, the present application is further described below in connection with the specific embodiments.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "front," "rear," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship, which are based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

It should be noted that unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be in optical communication or directly connected, for example. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.

Embodiment one.

The light cone 1 shown in fig. 1 is prepared by molding with an optical grade PC material (i.e., polycarbonate) or a metal aluminum material. The aperture of the tip 101 (i.e., the small end) of the light cone 1 is set to 2mm, the aperture D of the light entrance 102 (preferably, the light entrance 102 of the shallow pit 103) of the large end of the light cone 1 is set to 10mm, and the height L of the light cone 1 is set to 42mm.

The wedge-shaped light cone 1 shown in fig. 7 can also be prepared by adopting an optical grade PC material (namely polycarbonate) or metal aluminum material through mould pressing.

Preferably, the light cone 1 provided with the light inlet 102 of the shallow pit 103 shown in fig. 8 is molded by using an optical grade PC material (namely polycarbonate) or a metal aluminum material for standby.

As best shown in FIG. 2, the tip 101 of the light cone 1 is connected with a light pipe 3 with an inner diameter of about 2mm and a length of about 5mm, for example, a metal pipe with an inner wall plated with a reflecting layer 105 with a reflectivity higher than 97%. The aperture d of the light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is preferably set to be 0.1-3.15mm. More preferably, the outlet end of the light pipe 3 is a section (e.g. 0.1-16 mm) of a light guide straight pipe 9. I.e. a section of light pipe 3 near the light exit 302 is a straight pipe (e.g. 0.10-16 mm). Research shows that if the outlet end of the light pipe 3 is curved, if the pipe diameter is too thick/thick, the pipe is too short, and the ratio of the pipe length to the pipe diameter is too small, the fine branch light beam 402 is easy to scatter, the divergence angle is large, and accurate light condensation is difficult. Researches show that the aperture d of the light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is smaller than or equal to 1.5mm, and the light loss is minimum.

Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a concave mirror is disposed at the small end of the light cone 1 as a collimating mirror (also called a flattening mirror) 2. The concave mirror is commonly called a mirror body such as a reflecting cup, a reflecting bowl, a reflecting shade, a condensing cup, a condensing bowl and the like. A light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is ensured to be positioned on the focal plane 301 (preferably positioned on the focal point) of the concave mirror, so that the thin branch light beams 402 emitted from the light outlet 302 and scattered light 401 thereof form a point light source 306 positioned on the focal plane 301 of the quasi-flat mirror 2; the diameter of the point light source 306 is preferably set to 0.1mm to 3.15mm. It is ensured that the sub-beam 402 (corresponding to the point light source 306) and the scattered light 401 thereof emitted from the light outlet 302 are projected onto the collimating mirror 2, and are then converged and shaped (i.e. transformed) into a quasi-parallel beam 5 by the collimating mirror 2, and are directed to be emitted in a manner of the quasi-parallel beam 5.

Preferably, the light cone 1, the light pipe 3 connected with the light cone 1, the collimating mirror 2 arranged in front of the light outlet 302, and the light outlet 302 located on the focal plane 301 are jointly arranged in the housing 801, so as to form an optical device monomer, namely, the directional collimating cone 8.

Embodiment two.

Producing a directed quasi-flat light cone 8 as shown in fig. 5.

First, light cones 1 as shown in fig. 1 are molded using an optical grade PC material (i.e., polycarbonate) or a metal aluminum material. The aperture of the tip 101 (i.e., the small end) of the light cone 1 is set to 2mm, the aperture D of the light entrance 102 (preferably, the light entrance 102 of the shallow pit 103) of the large end of the light cone 1 is set to 10mm, and the height L of the light cone 1 is set to 42mm.

The tip 101 of the light cone 1 is then connected to a light pipe 3 having an inner diameter of about 2mm and a length of about 5mm, for example, a metal pipe or a glass pipe with an inner wall plated with a reflective layer 105 having a reflectivity of more than 97%. The aperture d of the light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is preferably set to be 0.1-3.15mm. The length C of the light pipe 3 can be set to be 0-64mm; in other words, when C is set to 0mm, it is equal to that the light pipe 3 is not used, and the tip 101 of the light cone 1 is used directly as the light outlet 302.

Then, a concave mirror having a diameter of about 10mm is disposed as (common) collimating mirror 2 at the lower end of one (or more) of the light cone 1. The concave mirror is commonly called a mirror body such as a reflecting cup, a reflecting bowl, a reflecting shade, a condensing cup, a condensing bowl and the like. Ensuring that the light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is positioned on the focal plane 301 (preferably on the focal point) of the concave mirror, so that the sub-beams 402 emitted from the light outlet 302 and the scattered light 401 thereof form a point light source 306 positioned on the focal plane 301 of the collimating mirror 2; the diameter of the point light source 306 is preferably set to 0.1mm to 3.15mm. It is ensured that the sub-beam 402 (corresponding to the point light source 306) and the scattered light 401 thereof emitted from the light outlet 302 are projected onto the collimating mirror 2, and then converged and shaped by the collimating mirror 2 to form a quasi-parallel beam 5, and are emitted in a directional manner in the quasi-parallel beam 5. Studies have shown that: if the sub-beams 402 and their scattered light 401 are not converged and shaped (i.e. transformed) into (extremely small divergence angle) quasi-parallel beams 5 by said quasi-flat mirror 2, the sub-beams 402 and their scattered light 401 are scattered little (about 10-26 mm).

Preferably, a tiny light source reflector 7 is disposed at the light outlet 302, so that the tiny light beam 402 and its scattered light 401 turn towards the concave mirror, and are reflected by the concave surface to form a quasi-parallel light beam 5, so as to prevent part of the light in the central area from being directly scattered out without being converted into the quasi-parallel light beam 5 by the concave surface. In other words, if the light source reflector 7 is disposed in front of the light outlet 302 to prevent part of the light from directly emitting forward and reflect and guide the light onto the concave mirror, the convex lens (i.e. another quasi-flat mirror commodity) with higher purchase cost and shorter service life can be avoided, thereby reducing the cost.

The light source reflector 7 is preferably attached with a luminescent material 701 to improve the light energy capturing rate; a luminescent material 701, for example, a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, or the like, is coated on the surface of the light source reflector 7. The light-emitting material 701 is a material that absorbs the residual heat of the mirror body and the invisible wavelength band in sunlight, and enters an excited state to emit visible light (with high photoelectric conversion rate). The luminescent material 701 can be referred to as a "luminescent substrate or material" in the chinese patent "luminescent solar concentrator (CN 102668128B)". Thus, the invisible wave band and the waste heat of the lens body in the thin branch light beam 402 and the scattered light 401 thereof can be converted into the visible wave band with high photoelectric conversion rate, thereby being beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion rate. The test comparison data shows that: after the luminescent material 701 is attached to the light source reflector 7, the photoelectric conversion rate can be improved by about 2% when the luminescent material is applied to photovoltaic power generation.

Preferably, according to the directional projection requirement, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 13, the positions and orientations of the light outlet 302 and the collimating mirror 5 may be adjusted by turning the light pipe 3, so that the quasi-parallel light beam 5 is directly directed to the designated target light receiving area 303.

The advantages of this embodiment are: simple structure, easy manufacture and low cost. The solar fixed-focus condensing lens can be assembled by combining a plurality of directional quasi-flat light cone 8 monomers shown in fig. 5 and 10, and the solar fixed-focus condensing lens and a power generation and heat collection device (CN 2023112210245) thereof are shown in the figure 10 in the background art. In order to further improve the assembly efficiency, a plurality of oriented quasi-flat light cones 8 can be made as a group into a whole.

Embodiment three.

Producing an oriented quasi-flat cone 8 as shown in fig. 6.

First, individual cones 1 are molded from an optical grade PC material (i.e., polycarbonate) or a metal aluminum material. The aperture of the tip 101 (i.e., the small end) of the light cone 1 is set to 2mm, the aperture D of the light entrance 102 (preferably, the light entrance 102 of the shallow pit 103) of the large end of the light cone 1 is set to 10mm, and the height L of the light cone 1 is set to 42mm.

The tip 101 of the light cone 1 is then connected to a light pipe 3 having an inner diameter of about 2mm and a length of about 5mm, for example, a metal pipe having an inner wall plated with a reflective layer 105 having a reflectivity of more than 97%. The aperture d of the light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is preferably set to be 0.1-3.15mm.

Then, a convex lens with a caliber of about 10mm is arranged at the small end of the light cone 1 as a collimating mirror 2. Ensuring that the light outlet 302 of the light pipe 3 is positioned on the focal plane 301 (preferably on the focal point) of the convex lens, so that the sub-beams 402 emitted from the light outlet 302 and the scattered light 401 thereof form a point light source 306 positioned on the focal plane 301 of the collimating mirror 2; the diameter of the point light source 306 is preferably set to 0.1mm to 3.15mm. It is ensured that the sub-beam 402 (corresponding to the point light source 306) and the scattered light 401 thereof emitted from the light outlet 302 are projected onto the collimating mirror 2, and then converged and shaped by the collimating mirror 2 to form a quasi-parallel beam 5, and are emitted in a directional manner in the quasi-parallel beam 5. Studies have shown that: if the sub-beam 402 and its scattered light 401 are not converged by the collimating mirror 2 to form a quasi-parallel beam 5 (with a very small divergence angle), the sub-beam 402 and its scattered light 401 are scattered little (about 10-26 mm).

Preferably, according to the directional projection requirement, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 13, the positions and orientations of the light outlet 302 and the collimating mirror 5 may be adjusted by turning the light pipe 3, so that the quasi-parallel light beam 5 is directly projected to the designated target light receiving area 303.

The disadvantage of this embodiment is: the convex lens is used as the collimating mirror 2, and compared with the concave lens which is used as the collimating mirror 2, the manufactured directional collimating cone 8 has higher cost, higher process difficulty, manual focusing and time and labor consumption. The solar fixed-focus condensing lens shown in fig. 11 and 12 can be assembled by assembling a plurality of directional quasi-flat light cone 8 monomers shown in fig. 6 and 10 together into a module whole, see the figure 3 in the background art of the solar fixed-focus condensing lens and a power generation and heat collection device (CN 2023112210245) thereof.

Example four.

Producing an oriented quasi-flat cone 8 as shown in fig. 14.

Preferably, the light cone 1, the light pipe 3 connected with the light cone 1, the light outlet 302 located on the focal plane 301, the collimating mirror 2 disposed in front of the light outlet, and other components are disposed in the housing 801 together, so as to form an optical device unit as a whole. The optical device unit is a whole body formed by a light cone 1 unit positioned at the upper part, a light pipe 3 positioned at the middle part and a concave surface collimating mirror 2 unit positioned at the lower part; the inner wall of the light cone 1 unit, the inner wall of the concave collimating mirror 2 unit, and the inner wall of the light pipe 3 are provided with a (high reflectivity) coated reflective layer 105. In this way, the light outlet 302 can be set at the focal position (without manual focusing) by one-time injection molding (or casting) and the directional quasi-flat light cone 8 described in the application can be manufactured by one-time electroplating, thereby being beneficial to improving the production and manufacturing efficiency and greatly reducing the production and manufacturing cost.

It should be noted that, the guiding mirror described in the present application includes a lens body, a concave mirror, a reflecting mirror, etc. that can be used to change the projection direction of the thin branch beam; the collimating mirror comprises a concave mirror, a lens and the like, wherein the lens can convert scattered light from a point light source at a focal point position into a quasi-parallel light beam; the concave mirror is commonly called a mirror body such as a reflecting cup, a reflecting bowl, a reflecting shade, a condensing cup, a condensing bowl and the like.

Example five.

A module of a directional quasi-flat light cone array 10 capable of collecting sunlight in a large area is manufactured by assembling a plurality of directional quasi-flat light cones 8, and a guiding mirror 11 thereof, which projects a large area of quasi-parallel light beams 5 to a designated position in a long distance. As shown in fig. 16, the module of the directional quasi-flat light cone array 10 and the guiding mirror 11 thereof are mounted on the floor stand 12, and placed in a place which is not far from the house and can be sunburned, and the direction of the guiding mirror 11 is adjusted, so that a large-area quasi-parallel light beam 5 can be projected indoors from a distance outside the window. Because the projection direction of the quasi-parallel light 5 can be fixed and can not move along with the movement of the sun, the receiving angle of the sunlight 4 is also large; so from the morning to the evening, its quasi-parallel light 5 is always directed from the window into the room, so that the warmth of the sun 4 can always be taken in a non-sunward (e.g. north-facing) room.

Example six.

A directional quasi-flat cone array 10 is produced by combining a plurality of elbow-shaped directional quasi-flat cones 8 for projecting quasi-parallel beams 5 to a specified location. As shown in fig. 17, the directional quasi-flat light cone array 10 is mounted on the vertical rod support 12, and is mounted at a place which is not far from the fruit tree and can be sunned to the sun, and the projection direction of the quasi-parallel light beams 5 is adjusted, so that the quasi-parallel light beams 5 can be projected onto the fruit tree. Because the projection direction of the quasi-parallel light 5 can be fixed and can not move along with the movement of the sun, the receiving angle of the sunlight 4 is also large; so from the morning to the evening, the quasi-parallel light 5 is always projected on the fruit tree, thereby improving the product and quality of the fruit.

The foregoing disclosure is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to be limited to the details shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A directed quasi-flat light cone comprising a light cone, characterized in that:

(1) the small end of the light cone is communicated with a light pipe, and the light pipe is used for guiding the light outlet to a preset position;

(2) a quasi-flat mirror is arranged in front of the light outlet;

(3) the light outlet is positioned on the focal plane of the collimating mirror, so that the thin branch light beams emitted from the light outlet and scattered light thereof form a point light source positioned on the focal plane of the collimating mirror;

(4) the fine branch light beams and scattered light thereof are projected on the quasi-flat mirror, then converged and shaped into quasi-parallel light beams by the quasi-flat mirror, and the quasi-parallel light beams are directionally projected.

2. A directional quasi-flat light cone according to claim 1, comprising any one or more of the following features (1) to (d):

(1) the light pipe is a light channel with the length C of 0-128mm and the caliber d of 0.1-15 mm;

(2) the light inlet of the light cone is a shallow pit light inlet, a convex light inlet or a lighting cover light inlet;

(3) the light outlet is aligned with the center point of the collimating mirror;

(4) the diameter of the quasi-flat mirror is less than or equal to the diameter of the light cone light inlet;

(5) the light cone is a wedge cone;

(6) the light outlet is arranged on the focal point of the collimating mirror, so that the fine branch light beams emitted from the light outlet and scattered light thereof form a point light source positioned on the focal point of the collimating mirror;

(7) the distance from the collimating mirror to the light outlet is less than or equal to 32.2mm;

(8) a light source reflector is arranged in front of the light outlet and used for turning the fine branch light beam to a concave mirror and reflecting the fine branch light beam into a quasi-parallel light beam;

(9) the outlet end of the light pipe is a straight pipe with the length of 0.10-16 mm;

the light cone, the light pipe communicated with the light cone, the light outlet positioned on the focus and the collimating mirror are arranged in the shell together to form an optical device unit whole.

3. The directional collimation cone as recited in claim 2, wherein: the optical device unit is a whole formed by a light cone unit positioned at the upper part, the light pipe positioned at the middle part and a concave surface collimating mirror unit positioned at the lower part; the inner wall of the light cone unit, the inner wall of the concave surface quasi-flat mirror unit and the inner wall of the light pipe are all provided with a coating reflection layer.

4. A directional collimation cone as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the light source reflector is additionally provided with a luminescent material so as to improve the light energy capturing rate.

5. The directional collimation cone of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein: the plurality of oriented quasi-flat light cones are integrated into a module for collecting sunlight in a large area and projecting a quasi-parallel light beam in a large area.