CN117845079A - Preparation method of high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy Download PDFInfo
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- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, which comprises the following steps: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused; mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused; carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h; carrying out solution treatment on the cast ingot after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished; after the solution treatment is completed, cold rolling treatment is performed to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy.
Background
The high-performance copper-based alloy is widely applied to the industrial fields of mechanical manufacture, electronic and electrical, chemical industry, instruments and the like due to the characteristics of high strength, excellent plasticity, good electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, small friction coefficient, high wear resistance and the like. The high-performance wear-resistant copper alloy is characterized by high strength, excellent seizure resistance, wear resistance and adhesion resistance, and is applied to wear-resistant parts such as bearing bushes, worm gears, slipper shoes, plunger pump rotors and the like, thereby playing a great role in the development of various industries.
With the update and higher mechanization degree of mechanical equipment, the demand for wear-resistant copper-tin alloy is also increasing. In copper-lead alloys, lead exists in a free state in a copper matrix, and waste materials and used lubricants generated during service of the product are contaminated with lead, particularly when the lead-containing product is contacted with water, the lead is precipitated in an ionic form and is dissolved in the water. Lead poisoning can damage blood, nerves, digestive and reproductive systems of a human body, and a long-term use of a lead-containing product can bring huge harm to human beings and the environment, so that the application of a lead-containing copper alloy in the future is strictly limited, lead-free research on the copper-based alloy is needed, and therefore, a preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a preparation method of high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: cold rolling treatment is carried out after the solution treatment is finished, so that the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy is obtained;
s6: and testing and inspecting the prepared copper-tin alloy.
Preferably, in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 25% -29% of Sn, 0.3% -0.6% of B, 1.1% -1.5% of P, 0.4% -0.8% of REE, 0.25% -0.35% of Fe, 0.8% -1.2% of Si and the balance of Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
Preferably, in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.8% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
Preferably, in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.6% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
Preferably, in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.4% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
Preferably, in the step S1, the addition sequence of the copper-tin alloy raw materials in the high temperature melting furnace is Cu, sn, P, si, REE, B and Fe in order during melting.
Preferably, in the step S2, it is necessary to ensure uniform pouring and no generation of bubbles when pouring the molten alloy raw material into the casting mold.
Preferably, in the step S5, the total deformation amount of one rolling is 40% to 50% at the time of the cold rolling treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, B, P, si, fe and REE are doped in the copper-tin alloy raw material, wherein boron element has the effect of refining grains in the copper-tin alloy, so that deoxidization can be promoted, and dezincification corrosiveness can be improved; the phosphorus element has the functions of promoting deoxidation, improving fluidity and improving weldability and corrosion resistance of the copper-tin alloy; the silicon element has the effects of reducing an alpha phase region, improving hardness and fluidity and corrosion resistance, reducing plasticity and promoting deoxidation, but when the silicon element is excessive, the conductivity of the copper-tin alloy is seriously reduced, and a coarse grain boundary phase is formed, so that the machinability and bending property of the copper-tin alloy are seriously reduced, and in the method, the silicon element is controlled in the range, so that the strength of the copper-tin alloy can be improved, and meanwhile, the influence of the excessive silicon element content on the bending property and the conductivity of the copper-tin alloy can be prevented; the iron element has the functions of refining grains, improving strength and toughness and reducing fluidity, and the REE (rare earth element) has the functions of purifying impurities and refining grains, so that the prepared copper-tin alloy has the characteristics of high strength and wear resistance.
Detailed Description
Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, nouns without quantitative word modifications and nouns modified by "the" include both singular and plural referents.
As used in the specification and claims, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "can," "containing," and variations thereof, refer to open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of a specified component/step and allow the presence of other components/steps. However, such description should be construed as also describing the composition or process as "consisting" and "consisting essentially of" the recited components/steps, which allows for the presence of only the specified components/steps and any unavoidable impurities that may result therefrom, and excludes other components/steps.
Numerical values in the specification and claims of this application should be understood to include numerical values which, when reduced to the same number of significant figures, are identical and numerical values which differ from the stated value by less than the experimental error of conventional measurement technique of the type described in the present application to determine the stated value.
All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints and independently combinable (e.g., ranges of "2 grams to 10 grams" are inclusive of the endpoints, 2 grams and 10 grams, and all intermediate values).
The terms "about" and "approximately" may be used to include any numerical values that may vary without changing the basic function of the value. When used with a range, "about" and "approximately" also disclose a range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints, e.g., "about 2 to about 4" also discloses a range of "2 to 4". In general, the terms "about" and "approximately" may refer to ± 10% of the indicated number. However, for temperature, the term "about" refers to ±1 ℃.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the percentages of elements should be considered as weight percentages of the alloy.
The present disclosure may relate to the temperature of certain method steps. It should be noted that these indicators generally refer to the temperature set by the heat source (e.g., furnace) and not necessarily to the temperature that the heated material must reach.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of primary rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment;
s6: and testing and inspecting the prepared copper-tin alloy.
In the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 64% -68% Cu, 25% -29% Sn, 0.3% -0.6% B, 1.1% -1.5% P, 0.4% -0.8% REE, 0.25% -0.35% Fe and 0.8% -1.2% Si; wherein, the purity of Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5%;
the boron element has the function of refining grains in the copper-tin alloy, can promote deoxidation and improve dezincification corrosivity; the phosphorus element has the functions of promoting deoxidation, improving fluidity and improving weldability and corrosion resistance of the copper-tin alloy; the silicon element has the effects of reducing an alpha phase region, improving hardness and fluidity and corrosion resistance, reducing plasticity and promoting deoxidation, but when the silicon element is excessive, the conductivity of the copper-tin alloy is seriously reduced, and a coarse grain boundary phase is formed, so that the machinability and bending property of the copper-tin alloy are seriously reduced, and in the method, the silicon element is controlled in the range, so that the strength of the copper-tin alloy can be improved, and meanwhile, the influence of the excessive silicon element content on the bending property and the conductivity of the copper-tin alloy can be prevented; the iron element has the functions of refining grains, improving strength and toughness and reducing fluidity in the copper-tin alloy;
REE (rare earth element) is used for purifying impurities and refining grains in copper-tin alloy, and is easy to form brittle phase Cu with Cu due to trace impurity elements such as O, S, bi, pb and the like 2 O and Cu 2 S, the rare earth element is distributed along a grain boundary, so that cold brittleness is easy to generate, pb and Bi enable low-melting-point substances to be insoluble in Cu, hot brittleness is easy to generate, meanwhile, trace impurities O, S, pb and Bi distributed in a copper-tin alloy matrix in an atomic state enable crystal lattices to be distorted, strong heat dissipation is generated on a conductive electron, conductivity is reduced, rare earth elements cannot form a gap solid solution with copper, and the condition of forming a substitutional solid solution is not met, so that the solid solubility of the rare earth elements in copper is extremely low, and the rare earth elements and other elements are beneficial to form a compound;
the rare earth element reacts with O, S, pb, bi and the like to produce high-melting-point rare earth compounds respectively after entering copper liquid, such as PbCe and BiCe, wherein the melting points of the PbCe and the BiCe are 1160 ℃ and 1150 ℃ respectively, and the solid state is kept in the solidification process, so that the rare earth elements can be removed after entering slag phase, the aim of removing harmful impurities is fulfilled, thereby purifying copper-tin alloy matrixes and grain boundaries, improving the electric conductivity, heat conductivity, mechanical property and processability of the copper-tin alloy, and the other part of fine high-melting-point compound particles remain in the melt and are dispersed and distributed, become dispersed crystal cores, namely heterogeneous nuclei are generated during solidification of the melt, thereby refining crystal grains, and meanwhile, the addition of the rare earth elements also improves the tissue morphology, so that the tissue is more uniform, and the segregation is reduced.
In the step S1, during smelting, the addition sequence of the copper-tin alloy raw materials in the high-temperature smelting furnace is determined according to the content of the components, so that the addition sequence of the copper-tin alloy raw materials is Cu, sn, P, si, REE, B and Fe in sequence;
in the step S2, it is necessary to ensure that pouring is uniform and no bubbles are generated when pouring the molten alloy raw material into the casting mold;
the three-stage annealing process is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the copper-tin alloy ingot, the free energy of the crystal boundary of the copper-tin alloy is controlled through progressive heat treatment, the migration and recombination of the crystal boundary are promoted, the thermodynamic energy of the copper-tin alloy is reduced, the repulsive energy is increased, the structure of crystal grains is ordered, the size of the crystal grains is greatly reduced, a uniform and fine crystal grain structure is formed, the effect of refining the crystal grains is achieved, and the strength and the wear resistance of the copper-tin alloy can be improved through refining the crystal grains.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.8% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy includes the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: and after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of one-time rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.6% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy includes the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: and after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of one-time rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment.
Comparative example 1:
in the embodiment, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy includes the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: and after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of one-time rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.1% P, 0.6% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy includes the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: and after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of one-time rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment.
Example 4:
in the embodiment, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.3% P, 0.6% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy includes the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: and after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of one-time rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment.
Comparative example 2:
in the comparative example, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 0.6% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
In the comparative example, the preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: and after the solution treatment is finished, performing cold rolling treatment to obtain the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy, wherein the total deformation of one-time rolling is 40% -50% during the cold rolling treatment.
The copper-tin alloy compositions prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in the following table:
table 1 shows the compositions of the copper-tin alloys prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2
The copper-tin alloys prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested for tensile strength, hardness, electrical conductivity and bending properties as follows:
tensile strength: the tensile properties of the sheet samples were measured according to GB/T228.2-2015 Metal Material tensile test. The test is carried out on a GM-205D model universal stretcher, and the stretching rate at room temperature is set to be 20mm/min; the stretching rate is set to 0.03mm/min at high temperature, namely 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃;
hardness: measuring the hardness of a plate sample according to GB/T4340.1-2009 Vickers hardness test of a metal material;
conductivity: the sample was ground from 120# to 2000# to ensure removal of the oxide layer and to ensure sample flatness. The conductivity of samples in different states is measured by adopting a Sigma2008 type eddy current conductivity meter and a 500HZ probe;
bending at 180 degrees: 180 DEG bending performance test was performed according to GB/T232-2010 method for bending test of metallic materials. Bending tests were performed on a three-point roller bending tester, then bending angles were measured manually according to standard procedures, and relative bending radii were determined by macro-mapping and image processing. After the test, if there is an "orange peel" at the bend but there is no cracking, it is considered "acceptable" and indicated as GW; if there is a crack, it will be considered "failed" or "unacceptable", denoted as BW.
The test results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from table 2 above, the tensile strength, hardness, electrical conductivity and bending resistance of example 2 are all stronger than those of examples 1, 3 and 4; as can be seen from the comparison of the data in the examples 1 and 2, when the components of the rare earth element in the copper-tin alloy are 0.6wt%, the tensile strength, the hardness and the electrical conductivity of the copper-tin alloy are all advantageous, and when the rare earth element is not added, the bending resistance of the copper-tin alloy is greatly affected as can be seen from the comparison of the data in the examples 2 and the data in the comparative example 1; as can be seen from the comparison of the data of example 2, example 3, example 4 and comparative example 2, the tensile strength, hardness and electrical conductivity of the phosphorus element are all advantageous when the composition of the phosphorus element in the copper-tin alloy is 1.5.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: mixing the alloy raw materials according to the formula proportion, putting the mixture into a high-temperature melting furnace for smelting, keeping the temperature in the high-temperature melting furnace between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃ and ensuring the alloy raw materials to be completely fused;
s2: pouring the molten alloy raw material into a casting mold after smelting, wherein the casting mold is selected according to the final shape and size of the alloy, and when casting, the casting temperature is 1150-1230 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min, and after casting, an ingot is obtained;
s3: carrying out three-stage annealing process treatment on the cast ingot, wherein in the first-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 560-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4 h; in the second-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 650-720 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h; in the third-stage annealing, the temperature is set at 750-810 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
s4: after the three-stage annealing process treatment is finished, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, and continuously heating the cast ingot to 850-870 ℃ during the solid solution treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 20-30 min;
s5: cold rolling treatment is carried out after the solution treatment is finished, so that the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy is obtained;
s6: and testing and inspecting the prepared copper-tin alloy.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 25% -29% of Sn, 0.3% -0.6% of B, 1.1% -1.5% of P, 0.4% -0.8% of REE, 0.25% -0.35% of Fe, 0.8% -1.2% of Si and the balance of Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.8% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.6% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S1, the alloy raw materials and the proportions thereof are calculated according to mass fraction, and the alloy comprises the following components: 26% Sn, 0.5% B, 1.5% P, 0.4% REE, 0.30% Fe and 1.2% Si, the remainder being Cu; wherein, the purity of the Cu, sn, B, P, REE, fe, si is more than 99.5 percent.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the copper-tin alloy raw materials are added in the high-temperature melting furnace in the order of Cu, sn, P, si, REE, B and Fe in the melting.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, it is necessary to ensure that pouring is uniform and no bubbles are generated when pouring the molten alloy raw material into the casting mold.
8. The method for preparing the high-strength abrasion-resistant copper-tin alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S5, the total deformation of one rolling is 40-50% in the cold rolling treatment.
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| CN108285988A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-17 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | Precipitation strength type copper alloy and its application |
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| DE102021116817A1 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Shanghai Wuxing Copper Co., Ltd | Tin-brass alloy and method of making same |
| WO2023065940A1 (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2023-04-27 | 福州大学 | Cu-sn-p copper alloy material having a high tin content and preparation method therefor |
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| CN108285988A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-17 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | Precipitation strength type copper alloy and its application |
| CN112626371A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-09 | 中色奥博特铜铝业有限公司 | High-strength medium-conductivity copper-nickel-silicon-tin-magnesium alloy foil and processing method thereof |
| DE102021116817A1 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Shanghai Wuxing Copper Co., Ltd | Tin-brass alloy and method of making same |
| WO2023065940A1 (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2023-04-27 | 福州大学 | Cu-sn-p copper alloy material having a high tin content and preparation method therefor |
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