CN1178388A - Low power and high voltage sodium lamp - Google Patents
Low power and high voltage sodium lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1178388A CN1178388A CN97119804A CN97119804A CN1178388A CN 1178388 A CN1178388 A CN 1178388A CN 97119804 A CN97119804 A CN 97119804A CN 97119804 A CN97119804 A CN 97119804A CN 1178388 A CN1178388 A CN 1178388A
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- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- xenon
- bulb
- discharge lamp
- pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/825—High-pressure sodium lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/16—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principle constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
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- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The high-pressure sodium discharge lamp of low power described here is characterized by a very high xenon cold filling pressure of at least 1 bar. The pressure ratio to the sodium operating pressures lies between 10 and 30. Luminous efficacies of approximately 100 lm/W and more can be obtained with a lamp power of 50 to 100 W.
Description
The present invention relates to the small-power sodium high-pressure discharge lamp that discharge tube contains sodium and xenon at least.
It relates in particular to power and is 100W to the maximum, and xenon is pressed high sodium high-pressure discharge lamp.Under normal conditions, this class bulb has the cylindrical discharge pipe that aluminium oxide is made, and discharge tube is installed in the transparent shell.
The bare bones of sodium high-pressure discharge lamp structure is well known for a long time.For a long time, also on record is for improving the luminous efficiency of this class bulb, should adopt the xenon of relatively high pressure.For example, at relevant monograph, " high-pressure sodium lamp " (TheHigh-Pressure Sodium Lamp) (Philips's technology book series Philips TechnicalLibrary of Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain (De Groot/Van Vliet), Deventer, 1986) talk about on the 299th and 300 page, if-press the working standard filling that replaces about 30mb to press to the xenon cold filling of so-called super lamp-employing 20 to 40kPa (200 to 400mb), luminous efficiency can improve 10% to 15%.
Point out on the 299th page of this book that simultaneously the luminous efficiency of sodium high-pressure discharge lamp reduces with bulb power and descends significantly.After increasing the xenon pressure, the luminous efficiency of power 50W bulb is the highest also has only 85lm/W, and the bulb luminous efficiency of power 400W can reach about 138lm/W.
Described a kind of no mercury sodium high-pressure discharge lamp that is specially adapted for so-called self-stabilization operating state in DE-PS2600351, its sodium work is pressed and is P
NaB=4 to 93mb, and xenon work is pressed and is P
Xeheiss〉=800mb, pressure ratio is P
NaB/ P
XeK (heiss)≤ 1/20.Consider xenon work pressure and xenon cold filling pressure P
XeKBetween conversion coefficient commonly used be 8 (seeing DE-AS2814882, Sp.2, centre), then drawing pressure ratio thus is P
XeK/ P
NaB〉=2.5.When the self-stabilization operating state, should allow high voltage sodium lamp not have to work under the condition of pretrigger device as far as possible.The plasma decay time long under this operating state is necessary, and plasma is formed by filling gas.In order to obtain long decay time, as is generally known, adopts high relatively xenon pressure, and big relatively discharge tube internal diameter (see above-mentioned Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph the 126th and 154 pages).Described according to Dege sieve and the 155th page of woman's bow continuous heavy rain, the self-stabilization operating state of high voltage sodium lamp is owing to failing to find practical application lighting to go wrong when changing suddenly with line voltage.
Sodium high-pressure discharge lamp with case description in DE AS2600351 has the high-power of 400W and 7, the very big internal diameter of 6mm.The xenon cold filling is pressed and is 260mb, pressure ratio P
XeK/ P
NaBBe approximately 3,5.Thereby when 400W is high-power, only obtain the lower luminous efficiency of 110lm/W.In this article, both do not had effort, do not obtained yet with respect to the extra high luminous efficiency of other high voltage sodium lamps.Can obtain higher luminous efficiency according to Figure 10 .18 (the 299th page) of Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain when the 400W power, up to 138lm/W.In order to compare, the principle correlation of luminous efficiency and bulb power is represented (seeing below) with Fig. 3 once more here.
In DE-AS2814882, describe one can not self-stabilization no mercury high voltage sodium lamp., press herein, work as P with reference to sodium work
NaB=150 to 500mb (P
NaBThe work of=sodium is pressed) time, suggestion xenon cold filling is pressed and is got 1.25＜P
XeK/ P
NaBA value between＜6.In addition, this pressure ratio P
XeK/ P
NaBValue again with DE-PS2600351 in describe be consistent.But (Z.41f) Sp.3 presses further raising xenon, makes it to surpass this upper limit and holds a negating attitude, because can produce the shortcoming of ignition difficulties, and can not improve luminous efficiency simultaneously in DE-AS2814882.70 and the example of 100W low-power bulb in, P
NaB=230mb, xenon cold filling press and are approximately 500mb.This is equivalent to pressure ratio P
XeK/ P
NaBBe approximately 2～2.5.So at power is 70 or during 100W, can obtain 97 or the luminous efficiency of 105lm/W.These numerical value mark with cross in Fig. 3 (seeing below), to make comparisons.
Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of this paper to begin the small-power sodium high-pressure discharge lamp that described type has high-luminous-efficiency.
This task is resolved by the work filling pressure of suitable control sodium and the cold filling pressure of xenon.Can see excellent especially design in the dependent claims.
Have a discharge tube according to small-power sodium high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention, it contains sodium and xenon at least.Here, especially power less than with equal 100W and be interpreted as small-power.
Herein, P
NaBFor P is pressed in sodium work filling
XeKFor the xenon cold filling is pressed.Surprisingly, when small-power, when selecting P
NaB=20 to 100mb, P
XeK=1 to 5bar, and ought keep P simultaneously
XeK/ P
NaBUnder 〉=10 conditions, different with so far academic viewpoint, can typically further improve luminous efficiency 20%.Pressure ratio P
XeK/ P
NaBBe favourable between being in 10～30.
Can in the bulb charges, add mercury in order to improve keep-alive voltage.
Xenon is pressed and to be exceeded 3～10 times of numerical value commonly used that known so far high xenon is pressed sodium high-pressure discharge lamp (as the NAV super lamp of Ao Silamu (OSRAM) company).The luminous efficiency that is typically exceeded NAV super lamp 20% herein.
Above-mentionedly press (seeing Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph the 153rd and 299-300 page or leaf) to improve sodium electrion lamp efficiency on so-called NAV super lamp, to obtain commercial exploitation by increasing xenon.Yet the present invention presses the increase of the luminous efficiency that obtains by further raising xenon, compare with the numerical value of NAV super lamp, and but be unexpected height, and it is still not known to reach this degree.For example, talk about on the 300th page of Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph, the xenon filling is pressed when bringing up to 200～400mb, luminous efficiency is than so-called standard lamp (30mb xenon cold filling pressures) increase by 10～15%.And owing to there is further supercharging of ignition difficulties.
The surprising characteristic of bulb of the present invention is based on the fact of utilizing a kind of technos not notice so far.Though know, the luminous efficiency of sodium high-pressure discharge lamp is in bulb power hour obviously decline (the 299th page of Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph, Fig. 3 sees below).This locates to explain, causes the reason of this rule to be, bulb power hour radiation efficiency is low when bigger than bulb power, and export license is also bigger, yet this explanation is not correct.Main cause is more, and the relative share of the thermal losses for bulb power in the electrical discharge arc reduces with bulb power and increases.But when xenon was used as buffer gas with sufficiently high pressure, thermal losses was owing to the low heat conductivity of xenon reduces.Bulb power is more little, and this effect is favourable more to the effect of luminous efficiency.At this moment, marginal is the pressure ratio of sodium and xenon, because different with xenon, sodium has high-termal conductivity.Xenon is pressed high more with respect to the sodium pressure, can reduce thermal losses more more.Its final effect is when small-power, to cause the extra increase of observed luminous efficiency.
At least the very high xenon of 1bar (cold) is pressed, and except that improving luminous efficiency, also has some other advantage:
1. because of less thermal losses, can obtain lower discharge tube outside wall temperature.This for example can
Be used for life-saving.The way that substitutes is also can dwindle discharge tube, so that reach original again
Outside wall temperature.Because of higher power density further improves luminous efficiency.
2. high xenon pressure drag ends diffusion.This can reduce the evaporation of electrode composition in ignition process, thereby
Slow down consequent discharge vessel wall blackout phenomenon in the electrode scope.From the angle of matter,
This effect has been well-known from the NAV super lamp there.When very high xenon is pressed, this effect
Should be more outstanding, thus, also further increase the life-span.
3. xenon is made very big contribution because of its very high pressure to keep-alive voltage in bulb of the present invention.
Because xenon is different from sodium, at room temperature also is gaseous state, its contribution does not have with the temperature of discharge tube
Subordinate relation.It plays stabilization to the fluctuation or the manufacturing discrete distribution of line voltage.Phase therewith
Instead, in all known bulbs (for example according to DE-AS2814882) xenon atom to lighting
The contribution of voltage is inappreciable.Keep-alive voltage there is almost just determined by the sodium atom number
, and the sodium atom number greatly is subjected to cold spot (cold spot) Temperature Influence, thus also be subjected to
The influence of the fluctuating of line voltage or processing discrete distribution.Under the situation of adding mercury, mercury is exchanged
Integral point combustion voltage also exerts an influence.
4. because very high xenon is pressed the peak value of igniting again that bulb is in operation low especially.It because
The load that electrode is less and prolong bulb life, and can prevent preferably that line voltage fluctuates suddenly
Produce flame-out possibility.
Xenon in sodium light spectrum to the pressurized expansion and in sodium resonance line (the D-spectrum of center self-absorption
Line) spectral distribution plays expansion peak distance (Kuppenabstand).In principle
This effect is knownly (to see Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph, especially 16a page or leaf, Plate
1c)。By this, can reduce sodium when same colour temperature and color rendering presses.This effect is at 1bar at least
The very high xenon of (cold) has extremely strong effect when pressing.Sodium is pressed with the xenon pressure and is compared especially in the present invention
Need transfer very lowly, make the peak distance of resonance line both wings typically remain 10nm,
Many 12nm.The important prerequisite of this moment is to select ratio P
XeK/ P
NaB〉=10 and P
NaB
＝20～100mb。Verified, produce optimal luminescent efficient under these conditions.Therewith
On the contrary, under the condition that DE-AS2814882 provides, the peak value distance of the D-spectral line both wings of sodium
From having 15～20nm at least, because there P
NaBBe high (seeing above) comparatively speaking.This
Can be estimated by the formula (3.28) that provides on the 87th page of Dege sieve and the woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph
Calculate.
From the 3rd and the 5th can draw additional reason for selecting the low operating pressure 20～100mb of the typical sodium steam of the present invention.Should be pressed with its a plurality of advantages by low sodium:
1, when the sodium vapour pressure was 20～100mb, the temperature of discharge tube was at cold spot (cold
Spot) only be 840～950K.This cold spot always be in melting point near.Therefore,
This melting point is now than the typically cold 150K of known bulb (seeing DE-AS2814882),
Reducing the bulb that causes because of seepage in the melting point zone thus damages.
2, the corrosion of the discharge vessel wall that is caused by sodium, this corrosion occur in the container middle part mostly, because of
The branch of sodium forces down and slows down.Further improve the life-span thus.
For miniature bulb power (≤100W), can not select too highly (surpassing 5bar) as long as xenon is pressed by the shortcoming of the more difficult point combustion that utilizes modified model base, support and igniter common in the commerce to tackle effectively in DE-AS2814882, to mention just.Xenon press be limited in 3bar with interior be favourable.These improve parts and are applied in the commercial metal halid lamp (for example HQI-E100W/NDL and WDL) of Avid LLC difficult to understand.In contrast, the igniter that is generally used for small-power NAV-bulb can not be lighted on bulb of the present invention.
Opposite with DE-PS2600351, bulb described herein does not both consider also not to be suitable for the self-stabilization operating state.And the representative value that also is higher than the 1.8bar that the there provides is widely pressed in the xenon work of the 8～24bar that reaches according to the present invention.
The heating of the discharge tube of describing in DE-PS2600351 is essential (an also available conventional pretrigger device substitutes) to its startup, and this is unnecessary to discharge tube of the present invention.Discharge tube of the present invention tends to have an auxilliary pipe (the niobium pipe of initial stage opening), can use known method with the high pressure packing xenon by this auxilliary pipe, and finishes the auxilliary pipe of rear enclosed at stowing operation.
Except that sodium and xenon, especially can in charges, additionally contain mercury according to bulb of the present invention.To adding or do not add the bulb of mercury, the increase of luminous efficiency is about the same big.Typically add the employing of mercury bulb charges and contain the mercuride that sodium is 18% percetage by weight.
The internal diameter of discharge tube is preferably 2.3～5mm, especially the highest 4mm.When this size, ad initio got rid of self-stabilization.In comparison: the internal diameter that provides among the DE-PS2600351 is wanted whole big one one-tenth.Generally speaking, though discharge tube is columnar, it also can have other geometry, is protruding in the stage casing for example.
Sodium high-pressure discharge lamp additional capacitor igniting ancillary method has advantage, for example, and along a lead of discharge tube.Yet, opposite with DE-PS2600351, do not need preheating according to bulb of the present invention.
These bulbs usually have the auxilliary pipe of a niobium, as described at Dege sieve and the 251st page of Fig. 8 .30 of woman's bow continuous heavy rain monograph.
This class bulb can be by the pretrigger device operation by electronics routine or also frequent.
Discharge tube described herein is paid the utmost attention to and is installed in cylindrical shape or the oval-shaped shell.
Be described in detail the present invention by several embodiment below.Now show:
Fig. 1 sodium high-pressure discharge lamp
Fig. 2 has different xenons and presses the luminous efficiency of the different sodium high-pressure discharge lamps (power is 50W) of (containing with not mercurous) to compare
The luminous efficiency that Fig. 3 has the different sodium high-pressure discharge lamps of different bulb powers and different xenons pressure compares
The power of showing at Fig. 1 is the discharge tube 1 that the sodium high-pressure discharge lamp of 50W has an aluminium oxide to make.It is installed in the cylindrical shape hard glass shell 2, and an end of shell is shut with the spiral base, and the other end is shut with dome 9.Shell 2 is evacuated.
In internal diameter is the discharge tube 1 of 3.3mm two relative thirty years of age electrodes 4 are arranged, electrode distance EA is 30mm.First electrode 4 away from base joins with feeder line 7 by the tubulose niobium conductor 5 with auxilliary pipe 6, and feeder line is connected on the external current feed 8 of a root knot reality, and external current feed is received on the contact of spiral base 3 along discharge tube.
Discharge tube is equipped with electric capacity igniting ancillary method, and it is made up of the harness 17 along discharge tube.Harness 17 is connected with second electrode 4 on circuit.
Bulb for example, is connected on the 220V AC network through the ignition circuit in the light bulb base.Ignition voltage is 4kV.
In the discharge tube 2 charges are arranged, charges only contain sodium and xenon.The xenon cold filling is pressed (P
XeK) be 3bar, (P is pressed in sodium work filling
NaB) be 100mb, so P
XeK/ P
NaB=30.
This bulb reaches 5100lm luminous flux and 102lm/W luminous efficiency (see Fig. 2, #1 black triangle measurement point is when 3000mb xenon cold filling is pressed).In comparison, xenon cold filling is so far pressed to the 50W bulb of 300mb (super type) only reaches the 4200lm luminous flux, is equivalent to the luminous efficiency (seeing Fig. 2, the triangle frame measurement point) of 81lm/W.Also provided the luminous efficiency of other bulbs in Fig. 2, these bulbs have only the low xenon of common the highest 100mb to press (standard type).It is approximately 70lm/W (seeing Fig. 2, the triangle frame measurement point) when 30mb.
In Fig. 3, draw the correlation curve of luminous efficiency and bulb power with reference to Dege sieve and woman's bow continuous heavy rain.The numerical value (102lm/W is when the 50W bulb power) that is obtained by above embodiment marks with the rhombus measurement point.It exceeds the prior art level significantly.
Allow the bulb work with spline structure in second embodiment, it has only the 1bar xenon to press and 50mb sodium pressure.Ratio P herein
XeK/ P
NaB=20.The luminous efficiency of 95lm/W (see Fig. 2, #2 black triangle measurement point is when 1000mb xenon cold filling is pressed) is still apparently higher than the bulb of knowing.Because lower xenon is pressed, igniting is easier than first embodiment.Ignition voltage is 3kV.
Two kinds of bulbs are particularly useful for having the new equipment than the strong point firearm.
In the 3rd embodiment with the additional mercury that fills of the 50W bulb of spline structure.Adopt the mercuride that contains sodium 18% percetage by weight herein, all the other are mercury.This bulb is at 2bar xenon cold filling pressure, 80mb sodium work pressure and pressure ratio P
XeK/ P
NaB, show that its luminous efficiency is 105lm/W (a #3 solid circles measurement point among Fig. 2) at=25.0 o'clock.
Corresponding therewith, the 4th embodiment (50W) 1bar xenon cold filling press and the situation of same sodium/mercury ratio under, demonstration 93lm/W luminous efficiency (#4 solid circles measurement point among Fig. 2).
As a comparison, also provided the corresponding luminous efficiency (circular frame measurement point among Fig. 2 is when 30～300mb) that low xenon cold filling is pressed the mercurous sodium vapor lamp of (super type and standard type).
What move in the 5th embodiment is a similar substantially 63W power bulb.Charges contain 1bar xenon and 50mb sodium, but not mercurous.Pressure ratio is P
XeK/ P
NaB=20.Luminous efficiency is 98lm/W.This bulb is used for directly substituting the 125W mercury high-voltage lamp with same light flux.It has a power to reduce circuit (phase place intercepting control) and a firing circuit in light bulb base.
In the 6th embodiment, a 35W bulb is only used sodium and xenon filling discharge tube, and its internal diameter is 3.3mm, and electrode distance is 23mm.The xenon cold filling is pressed and is P
XeK=2bar, sodium work is pressed and is P
NaB=90mb.Corresponding therewith, pressure ratio is P
XeK/ P
NaB=22.2.Luminous efficiency is 98lm/W (seeing Fig. 3, #6 rhombus measurement point), thereby the height of up to the present expecting than the bulb of this power is a lot.
In the 7th embodiment, 70W bulb is with sodium/mercuride (seeing above) and xenon filling discharge tube, and its internal diameter is 3.3mm, and electrode distance is 36mm.The xenon cold filling is pressed and is P
XeK=2bar, sodium work is pressed and is P
NaB=75mb.Corresponding therewith, pressure ratio is P
XeK/ P
NaB=26.7.Luminous efficiency is 115lm/W (seeing Fig. 3, #7 rhombus measurement point), thereby also than up to the present desired higher significantly of this power bulb.
In the 8th embodiment, 70W power bulb a sodium/mercury and an xenon filling discharge tube, its internal diameter is 3.7mm, electrode distance is 37mm.The xenon cold filling is pressed and is P
XeK=1.5bar, sodium work is pressed and is P
NaB=85mb.Corresponding therewith, pressure ratio is P
XeK/ P
NaB=17.6.Luminous efficiency is 108lm/W.
Claims (10)
1. have the small-power sodium high-pressure discharge lamp of discharge tube, discharge tube contains sodium and xenon at least, and this locates P
NaBP is pressed in the work filling that is sodium
XeKThe cold filling that is xenon is pressed, it is characterized in that,
P
NaB＝20～100mb，
P
XeK＝1～5bar，
P
XeK/P
NaB≥10。
2. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, bulb power less than with equal 100W.
3. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that P
XeK/ P
NaB≤ 30.
4. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that P
XeK≤ 3bar.
5. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that charges contain mercury in addition.
6. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that discharge tube is columnar.
7. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that the internal diameter of discharge tube is 2.5～5mm.
8. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that internal diameter is 4mm to the maximum.
9. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that bulb has electric capacity igniting ancillary method.
10. according to sodium high-pressure discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that down, the peak distance of sodium D-spectral line both wings is 12nm to the maximum in working order.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19640850.4 | 1996-10-02 | ||
| DE19640850A DE19640850A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1996-10-02 | Low power sodium high pressure lamp |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1178388A true CN1178388A (en) | 1998-04-08 |
| CN1106679C CN1106679C (en) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=7807794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97119804A Expired - Fee Related CN1106679C (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1997-09-30 | Low power and high voltage sodium lamp |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100486148B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1106679C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE414324T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59712980D1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW484165B (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3842771A1 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-21 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP OF SMALL ELECTRICAL POWER AND METHOD FOR OPERATING |
| US5434472A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1995-07-18 | United States Philips Corporation | High-pressure sodium discharge lamp with getter |
-
1997
- 1997-08-27 TW TW086112316A patent/TW484165B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-08 DE DE59712980T patent/DE59712980D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 AT AT97115536T patent/ATE414324T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-30 CN CN97119804A patent/CN1106679C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-02 KR KR1019970050858A patent/KR100486148B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR19980032492A (en) | 1998-07-25 |
| ATE414324T1 (en) | 2008-11-15 |
| DE59712980D1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| TW484165B (en) | 2002-04-21 |
| CN1106679C (en) | 2003-04-23 |
| KR100486148B1 (en) | 2005-09-02 |
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Granted publication date: 20030423 Termination date: 20130930 |