CN117833001A - Tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin fiber laser - Google Patents
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor devices, and particularly relates to a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser which comprises a single-mode pumping light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a first optical circulator, a second optical circulator and a first coupler, wherein the output end of the single-mode pumping light source is connected with the a end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the b end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the a end of the first optical circulator through an erbium-doped optical fiber and an optical isolator in sequence, the b end of the first optical circulator is connected to the b end of the second optical circulator through a first single-mode optical fiber, the a end and the c end of the second optical circulator are connected through optical fibers, the c end of the first optical circulator is connected to the a end of the first coupler through an optical filter and a polarization controller in sequence, and the c end of the first coupler is connected with the c end of the wavelength division multiplexer, and the b end of the first coupler is used as the output end of the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser. Which improves the stability of the output laser; and the wavelength of the output narrow linewidth Brillouin laser can be adjusted in a large range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor devices, in particular to a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin fiber laser.
Background
Stimulated brillouin scattering in optical fibers is an important nonlinear effect of optical fibers, and can be used for narrow-band light amplification or generation of ultra-narrow linewidth brillouin laser. Brillouin fiber lasers based on stimulated Brillouin scattering of optical fibers have unique linewidth compression characteristics, and the generated ultra-narrow linewidth Brillouin lasers can be narrowed to Hz or even sub-Hz. In 2013, mo Chen et al demonstrated a low noise brillouin/erbium-doped fiber laser using only 1.5 meters of polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber as both brillouin and erbium gain medium, with a maximum output power of 10mW;2023, yi Liu et al proposed a dual-ring parity-time symmetric brillouin fiber laser with unbalanced polarization mach-zehnder interferometer, whose 3dB linewidth was calculated to be 4.85Hz. However, the conventional brillouin laser requires an additional pump laser to provide pumping light power of hundreds of milliwatts, and thus has a complicated structure and high cost.
To solve the above problems, researchers have proposed a self-excited brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser that does not require brillouin pumping. In 2016, hui Zou et al proposed a self-excited multi-wavelength brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser based on a single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber filter, and by applying strain to the filter, a tuning range of 6.21nm can be achieved by outputting multiple wavelengths; 2022, jinghao Wang et al studied an optical delay line in a fiber mach-zehnder interferometer using a flat-top bandpass filter in combination with tuning to achieve wavelength-interval-tunable multi-wavelength lasers with more than 10 channels tuned at a center wavelength in the range 1534.37-1570.06 nm. However, the self-excited brillouin fiber laser reported at present is limited by the performance of a laser filter used by the self-excited brillouin fiber laser, and single-mode laser which can be flexibly tuned cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser, which aims to overcome the technical defect that the existing self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser is limited by the performance of a laser filter used by the laser and cannot obtain single-mode laser capable of being flexibly tuned.
The invention provides a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser, which comprises a single-mode pumping light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a first optical circulator, a second optical circulator and a first coupler, wherein the output end of the single-mode pumping light source is connected with the a end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the b end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the a end of the first optical circulator through an erbium-doped optical fiber and an optical isolator in sequence, the b end of the first optical circulator is connected to the b end of the second optical circulator through a first single-mode optical fiber, the a end and the c end of the second optical circulator are connected through an optical fiber, the c end of the first optical circulator is connected to the a end of the first coupler through an optical filter and a polarization controller in sequence, and the c end of the first coupler is connected with the c end of the wavelength division multiplexer and serves as the output end of the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser.
The tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser comprises two annular cavities, wherein the first annular cavity is formed by connecting a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped optical fiber, an optical isolator, a first optical circulator, an optical filter, a polarization controller and a first coupler, the second annular cavity is formed by connecting an end a and an end c of a second optical circulator through optical fibers, and the optical isolator in the first annular cavity is used for controlling the direction of pumping light in the first annular cavity so as to form unidirectional laser; the second annular cavity returns pump light which does not generate stimulated Brillouin scattering in the first single mode fiber in the first annular cavity to the first annular cavity, so that resonance is enhanced; the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser frequency output by the b end of the first coupler is adjustable by adjusting the center frequency of the optical filter.
The wavelength division multiplexer, the erbium-doped fiber, the optical isolator, the optical filter, the polarization controller and the first coupler are connected to form a laser resonant cavity. The single-mode pumping light source emits light with the center frequency f c1 The pump light enters the a end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the pump light enters the erbium-doped optical fiber from the b end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the generated broadband spontaneous emission light is unidirectionally transmitted in the first annular cavity after passing through the optical isolator, and the unidirectionally transmitted broadband spontaneous emission light passes through the center frequency f c2 After the optical filter of (2), the bandwidth is concentrated at f c2 In the first annular cavity, erbium-doped fiber is used as gain medium, and single-mode pumping light source is used as pumpPu Guang, finally forming a center frequency f c2 Is a laser light source. The erbium-doped laser formed in the first annular cavity enters an end a of the first optical circulator, is input into the first single-mode optical fiber through an end b of the first optical circulator to excite stimulated Brillouin scattering, laser which does not resonate enters an end b of the second optical circulator, is sent to an end a of the second optical circulator from an end c of the second optical circulator to form a second annular cavity, then enters an end b of the first optical circulator through an end b of the second optical circulator together with stimulated Brillouin scattering light excited in the first single-mode optical fiber, and finally enters the first annular cavity through an end c of the first optical circulator to carry out resonance enhancement. The erbium-doped laser is input into the first single mode fiber from the b end of the first optical circulator to excite stimulated Brillouin scattering, is input into the second annular cavity from the b end of the second optical circulator, enters the b end of the first optical circulator through the b end of the second optical circulator, and enters the first annular cavity to resonate with the Brillouin laser. The stokes light excited by stimulated brillouin scattering and erbium-doped laser light in the first single-mode fiber pass through the same path and are commonly output from the b end of the first coupler. Both the resonant laser and the stokes light are amplified by the erbium-doped fiber while being transmitted in the first annular cavity. The passband bandwidth of the optical filter limits the generation of multi-order stokes light while allowing the passage of the resonating laser light and the first-order stokes light. And finally, the center wavelength of the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser output by the b end of the first coupler can be adjusted by controlling the center frequency of the optical filter, and the output power of the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser can be adjusted by controlling the passband bandwidth of the optical filter. The output wavelength range of the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser of the tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser is 1530-1565 nm, the 3dB linewidth of the laser is less than 30Hz, and the maximum output power is 5dBm.
Preferably, the wavelength division multiplexer is a 980/1550nm optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer; the split ratio of the first coupler is 90%:10%, wherein the c end of the first coupler is a 90% split output port, and the b end of the first coupler is a 10% split output port. The arrangement makes 90% of light enter the annular cavity to balance the output power and the loss in the cavity, the output laser power can be reduced due to the fact that the proportion of light entering the annular cavity is too large, the coupling coefficient can be reduced due to the fact that the proportion of light entering the annular cavity is too small, the transmission efficiency is low, and the loss of an optical field in the resonant cavity is increased.
Preferably, the length of the first single mode fiber is 5-20 km.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior Brillouin optical fiber laser, the tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser provided by the invention has the advantages that the erbium-doped laser is generated by using the annular cavity containing the erbium-doped optical fiber as the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser, so that the optical path structure is simplified, and the stability of output laser is improved; the tunable optical filter is used, so that the wavelength of the output narrow linewidth Brillouin laser can be adjusted in a large range, and the tunable optical filter can be used for communication, sensing and other application scenes needing the large-range tunable narrow linewidth Brillouin laser, and has great significance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will make a brief description of the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention after the tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser is connected to a spectrometer;
FIG. 2 is a power diagram of the output laser light of a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a linewidth measurement structure of a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention after a delayed self-heterodyne optical path is connected;
fig. 4 is a linewidth diagram of a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser output laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of tuning characteristics of a center frequency of an output laser of a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin optical fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a single mode pump light source; 2. a wavelength division multiplexer; 3. a first optical circulator; 4. a second optical circulator; 5. a first coupler; 6. an erbium-doped optical fiber; 7. an optical isolator; 8. a first single mode optical fiber; 9. an optical filter; 10. a polarization controller; 11. a spectrometer; 12. a second coupler; 13. a third coupler; 14. an acousto-optic frequency shifter; 15. a photodetector; 16. a second single mode optical fiber; 17. a spectrometer.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, a further description of the invention will be made. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. It should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein; it will be apparent that the embodiments in the specification are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser includes a single-mode pump light source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a first optical circulator 3, a second optical circulator 4 and a first coupler 5, wherein an output end of the single-mode pump light source 1 is connected to an a end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, a b end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected to an a end of the first optical circulator 3 sequentially through an erbium-doped fiber 6 and an optical isolator 7, a b end of the first optical circulator 3 is connected to a b end of the second optical circulator 4 through a first single-mode fiber 8, an a end and a c end of the second optical circulator 4 are connected through optical fibers, a c end of the first optical circulator 3 is connected to an a end of the first coupler 5 sequentially through an optical filter 9 and a polarization controller 10, a c end of the first coupler 5 is connected to a c end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and a b end of the first coupler 5 serves as an output end of the narrow linewidth brillouin laser.
The tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser comprises two annular cavities, wherein the first annular cavity is formed by connecting a wavelength division multiplexer 2, an erbium-doped optical fiber 6, an optical isolator 7, a first optical circulator 3, an optical filter 9, a polarization controller 10 and a first coupler 5, the second annular cavity is formed by connecting an a end and a c end of a second optical circulator 4 through optical fibers, and the optical isolator 7 in the first annular cavity is used for controlling the direction of pump light in the first annular cavity so as to form unidirectional laser; the second annular cavity returns the pump light which does not generate stimulated Brillouin scattering in the first single mode optical fiber 8 in the first annular cavity to the first annular cavity, so that resonance is enhanced; the narrow linewidth brillouin laser frequency output from the b end of the first coupler 5 is made adjustable by adjusting the center frequency of the optical filter 9.
The wavelength division multiplexer 2, the erbium-doped fiber 6, the optical isolator 7, the optical filter 9, the polarization controller 10 and the first coupler 5 are connected to form a laser resonant cavity. The single-mode pump light source 1 emits light with the center frequency f c1 The pump light enters the a end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the pump light enters the erbium-doped optical fiber 6 from the b end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the generated broadband spontaneous emission light is unidirectionally transmitted in the first annular cavity after passing through the optical isolator 7, and the unidirectionally transmitted broadband spontaneous emission light passes through the center frequency f c2 After the optical filter 9 of (2), the bandwidth is concentrated at f c2 In the first annular cavity, the erbium-doped fiber 6 is used as a gain medium, the single-mode pump light source 1 is used as pump light, and the center frequency f is finally formed c2 Is a laser light source. The erbium-doped laser formed in the first annular cavity enters an a end of the first optical circulator 3, is input into the first single-mode optical fiber 8 through a b end of the first optical circulator 3 to excite stimulated brillouin scattering, wherein laser which does not resonate enters a b end of the second optical circulator 4, is sent from a c end of the second optical circulator 4 to an a end of the second optical circulator 4 to form a second annular cavity, then passes through the b end of the second optical circulator 4, enters the b end of the first optical circulator 3 together with stimulated brillouin scattering light excited in the first single-mode optical fiber 8, and finally enters the first annular cavity through a c end of the first optical circulator 3 to carry out resonance enhancement. That is, the erbium-doped laser is input from the b end of the first optical circulator 3 to the first single mode fiber 8 to excite stimulated brillouin scattering, the erbium-doped laser is input from the b end of the second optical circulator 4 to the second annular cavity, and then enters the b end of the first optical circulator 3 through the b end of the second optical circulator 4, and enters the first annular cavity to resonate with the brillouin laser. The stokes light excited by the stimulated brillouin scattering and the erbium-doped laser light pass through the same path in the first single-mode optical fiber 8, and are then commonly output from the b-side of the first coupler 5. Both the resonant laser and the stokes light are amplified by the erbium-doped fiber while being transmitted in the first annular cavity. The passband bandwidth of the optical filter 9 limits the generation of multi-order stokes light while allowing the passage of the resonating laser light and the first-order stokes light. The center wavelength of the narrow linewidth brillouin laser output by the b end of the first coupler 5 can be adjusted by controlling the center frequency of the optical filter 9, and the output power of the narrow linewidth brillouin laser can be adjusted by controlling the passband bandwidth of the optical filter 9. The output wavelength range of the narrow linewidth Brillouin laser of the tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin optical fiber laser is 1530-1565 nm, the laser can be stably coordinated in the range, the 3dB linewidth of the laser is less than 30Hz, the maximum output power is 5dBm, and the 3dB bandwidth and the side mode rejection ratio are respectively 30Hz and 30dB.
Based on the above embodiments, in a preferred embodiment, the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is a 980/1550nm optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 2; the split ratio of the first coupler 5 is 90%:10, wherein the c end of the first coupler 5 is a 90% split ratio output port, and the b end of the first coupler 5 is a 10% split ratio output port. The arrangement makes 90% of light enter the annular cavity to balance the output power and the loss in the cavity, the output laser power can be reduced due to the fact that the proportion of light entering the annular cavity is too large, the coupling coefficient can be reduced due to the fact that the proportion of light entering the annular cavity is too small, the transmission efficiency is low, and the loss of an optical field in the resonant cavity is increased.
In a specific embodiment, a spectrometer 11 may be connected to the b end of the first coupler 5 of the present invention, and the wavelength and power of the output laser may be measured by the spectrometer 11, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the maximum output power of the tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin optical fiber laser provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The output narrow linewidth Brillouin laser has obvious frequency shift compared with the resonance laser, namely Brillouin frequency shift, which is clearly observed through the image B Defined as f B =(v A /c)v P Wherein v is A Is the speed of sound in the medium, c is the speed of vacuum light, and v P Is the frequency of the pump light, i.e. the resonant laser. f (f) B About 10.737GHz in the 1550nm wavelength range.
In addition, the b end of the first coupler 5 of the present invention may be connected with a delay self heterodyne measurement optical path to measure the laser linewidth. The delay self heterodyne measurement optical path comprises a second coupler 12, a third coupler 13, an acousto-optic frequency shifter 14, a photoelectric detector 15 and a frequency spectrograph 17, wherein the second coupler 12 comprises an input end and two output ends, the third coupler 13 comprises two input ends and an output end, the b end of the first coupler 5 is connected with the input end of the second coupler 12, one output end of the second coupler 12 is connected with one input end of the third coupler 13 through a second single mode fiber 16, the length of the second single mode fiber 16 is 20km, the other output end of the second coupler 12 is connected with the other input end of the third coupler 13 through the acousto-optic frequency shifter 14, and the output end of the third coupler 13 is connected with the input end of the frequency spectrograph 17 through the photoelectric detector 15. The split ratio of the second coupler 12 and the third coupler 13 is 50%:50%. The line width of the photodetector 15 was 50GHz and the linear response of the optical input power was 10dBm. The frequency range of the spectrometer 17 is 300 kHz-20 GHz, the frequency resolution is 1Hz, the intermediate frequency linewidth is 10 Hz-1.5 MHz, and the power range is-85 dBm-10 dBm when the frequency range is 1 MHz-6 GHz. Fig. 3 is a line width measurement light path diagram of laser output from the tunable narrow line width self-excited brillouin optical fiber laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The optical path of the time-delay self-heterodyne method is a classical Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, and the line width measuring method has the following working principle: the output frequency of the laser according to the invention isωThe narrow linewidth brillouin laser is split into two paths by the second coupler 12, and the signal light passing through the acousto-optic frequency shifter 14 generates a frequency shiftω 0， Intrinsic light generation delay delayed by the second single mode fiber 16τ d The two beams are interfered and overlapped by a third coupler 13, and the combined field intensity meets the field superposition theorem and meets the combined field intensityE(t) The method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein the method comprises the steps ofE 1 In order for the optical field of the frequency shifted signal to be strong,E 2 for the optical field strength of the delay signal,for the initial phase +.>In order to obtain the delayed phase, the superimposed light passes through the photodetector 15 to form a photocurrent, so as to obtain an intensity signal of the photocurrent, the signal enters the spectrometer 17, and the autocorrelation function of the photocurrent is subjected to Fourier change to obtain a power spectral density function of the photocurrentS S (ω) The method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein the method comprises the steps ofI 0 Is the intensity signal of the photocurrent,τ c for the coherence time of the laser,Ωto pass through the angular frequency of the sound wave of the acousto-optic frequency shifter,αthe ratio of the spectral amplitudes of the two beams of light;
full width at half maximum (FWHM) delta of the beat spectrum at this timefsThe method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein delta isω s Is |ω-ω 0 And directly obtaining the product through a spectrometer.
Thus, the actual linewidth of the laser is obtained by measuring the full width at half maximum of the beat spectrum in this embodiment. It can be seen from the power spectral density function of the current that the measurement of the optical frequency band has now become a medium frequency measurement of non-zero frequency. Because the 3dB linewidth of the narrow linewidth fiber laser is greatly influenced by noise, the linearity is changed, errors exist in the Lorentz curve fitting, the linewidth level of the laser is difficult to accurately reflect, and the 20dB linewidth of the narrow linewidth fiber laser is less influenced by noise. The linewidth of the laser under test is calculated from the 20dB linewidth. The final actual 3dB linewidth is less than 30Hz.
As can be seen from fig. 5, by adjusting the center wavelength of the optical filter 9, the wavelength of the output narrow-linewidth brillouin laser can be controlled to have an adjustable wavelength range, and since the erbium-doped fiber 6, i.e., the C-band erbium-doped fiber, is used, the gain range of the C-band erbium-doped fiber is 1530nm to 1565nm, the narrow-linewidth brillouin laser can be tuned between 1530nm and 1565 nm.
In a specific embodiment, further filtering can be realized through a grating, a special optical fiber capable of filtering or a Sagnac ring, and a mode of adding a space-time symmetry system into the first annular cavity can improve the single-mode performance of the laser, and improve the phenomenon of mode jump of the laser due to overlong optical paths.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Although described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the embodiments, and they should be construed as covering the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The tunable narrow linewidth self-excited Brillouin fiber laser is characterized by comprising a single-mode pumping light source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), a first optical circulator (3), a second optical circulator (4) and a first coupler (5), wherein the output end of the single-mode pumping light source (1) is connected with the a end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), the b end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is connected to the a end of the first optical circulator (3) sequentially through an erbium-doped fiber (6) and an optical isolator (7), the b end of the first optical circulator (3) is connected to the b end of the second optical circulator (4) through a first single-mode fiber (8), the a end and the c end of the second optical circulator (4) are connected through fibers, the c end of the first optical circulator (3) is connected to the a end of the first coupler (5) sequentially through an optical filter (9) and a polarization controller (10), and the c end of the first coupler (5) is connected with the c end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), and the b end of the first optical circulator (4) is used as the narrow output end of the laser.
2. A tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized in that the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is a 980/1550nm fiber wavelength division multiplexer (2); the split ratio of the first coupler (5) is 90%:10%, wherein the c end of the first coupler (5) is a 90% split ratio output port, and the b end of the first coupler (5) is a 10% split ratio output port.
3. A tunable narrow linewidth self-excited brillouin fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the first single mode fiber (8) is 5-20 km.
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