CN117832445A - Preparation method of high-performance composite graphite anode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-performance composite graphite anode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117832445A CN117832445A CN202311869369.1A CN202311869369A CN117832445A CN 117832445 A CN117832445 A CN 117832445A CN 202311869369 A CN202311869369 A CN 202311869369A CN 117832445 A CN117832445 A CN 117832445A
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- anode material
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- graphite anode
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance composite graphite negative electrode material. The composite graphite negative electrode material has the high energy density of natural graphite, and meanwhile, the inside of the particles of the composite graphite negative electrode material is formed by a plurality of lamellar graphite units with different orientations, so that the isotropy is high; the laminated graphite units are coated and connected by the hard carbon layer, so that the intercalation and deintercalation channels of lithium ions are increased, the charge-discharge multiplying power of the composite graphite negative electrode material is improved, the cycle performance is improved, the expansion of a battery during charging is prevented, and the volume is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of negative electrode materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-performance composite graphite negative electrode material.
Background
The negative electrode material is one of indispensable components in the lithium ion battery, and has very important influence on the performance of the battery. The graphite material has the advantages of high sphericity, good appearance, convenient processing and the like, and has been widely applied to commercial electronic products in recent years.
However, due to structural limitation, the graphite anode material has a plurality of defects in practical application, and the natural graphite has the advantages of high energy density and lower preparation cost, but graphite lamellar falling easily occurs in the charging and discharging process, so that the dynamic performance of the natural graphite is poor; the artificial graphite has excellent dynamic performance, but has lower energy density and higher preparation cost. The composite graphite can better give consideration to the performance advantages of the artificial graphite and the natural graphite, but the existing preparation method of the composite graphite is to carry out simple physical mixing or bonding carbonization on the two types of graphite, has high cost and can not effectively exert the performance advantages of the two types of graphite. Therefore, there is a need to propose a new solution to the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a high-performance composite graphite anode material, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost of required raw materials and capability of exerting the performance advantages of natural graphite and artificial graphite.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the high-performance composite graphite anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding resin powder into the binder solution, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the binder is (10-30): (100-200) to obtain a coating modifier;
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is (100-200):
(20-50), wherein the fusion temperature is 80-200 ℃ and the fusion time is 10-60min, so as to obtain a coating material;
(3) Loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2300-2800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24-72h, so as to obtain a graphitized material;
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material obtained in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
As a preferable scheme, the resin in the step (1) is one or a mixture of two of petroleum resin, copolymer resin and coumarone resin.
As a preferable scheme, the binder in the step (1) is one or a mixture of two of naphtha, paraffin oil, petroleum tar and coal tar.
As a preferable scheme, the fine powder of the natural crystalline flake graphite in the step (2) is fine powder generated in the process of crushing the natural crystalline flake graphite.
As a preferable scheme, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder in the step (2) is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the D50 of the composite graphite anode material is 8-25 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects, and in particular, the technical scheme can be as follows:
according to the invention, natural flake graphite fine powder is used as a raw material, the graphite fine powder is bonded and granulated under the action of a modifier and mechanical force, and is subjected to high-temperature graphitization, solidification and molding, and crushing to obtain the composite graphite anode material. The composite graphite negative electrode material has the high energy density of natural graphite, and meanwhile, the inside of the particles of the composite graphite negative electrode material is formed by a plurality of lamellar graphite units with different orientations, so that the isotropy is high; the laminated graphite units are coated and connected by the hard carbon layer, so that the intercalation and deintercalation channels of lithium ions are increased, the charge-discharge multiplying power of the composite graphite negative electrode material is improved, the cycle performance is improved, the expansion of a battery during charging is prevented, and the volume is increased.
In order to more clearly illustrate the efficacy of the present invention, the following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a composite graphite anode material of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite graphite anode material of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite graphite anode material of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite graphite anode material of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite graphite anode material of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite graphite anode material of example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance composite graphite anode material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding resin powder into the binder solution, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the binder is (10-30): (100-200), wherein the binder is one or a mixture of two of naphtha, paraffin oil, petroleum tar and coal tar, and the resin is one or a mixture of two of petroleum resin, copolymer resin and coumarone resin, so as to obtain the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is (100-200):
(20-50), wherein the fusion temperature is 80-200 ℃ and the fusion time is 10-60min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2300-2800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24-72h, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material, wherein the D50 of the composite graphite anode material is 8-25 mu m.
The following describes in detail specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Petroleum resin powder is added into the naphtha solution, ball milling and dispersing are carried out in a ball mill,
the mass ratio of petroleum resin to naphtha is 25:150, obtaining the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is 200:20, the fusion temperature is 100 ℃, and the fusion time is 30min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 32 hours, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material coated in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
Example 2
(1) Adding copolymer resin powder into paraffin oil solution, ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill,
the mass ratio of the copolymer resin to the paraffin oil is 10:200, obtaining the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is 200:20, the fusion temperature is 80 ℃, and the fusion time is 20min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 66 hours, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material coated in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
Example 3
(1) Adding coumarone resin powder into the petroleum tar solution, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the coumarone resin to the petroleum tar is 30:100, to obtain the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is 100:40, the fusion temperature is 200 ℃, and the fusion time is 10min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 72 hours, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material coated in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
Example 4
(1) Adding composite powder of petroleum resin and coumarone resin into a solution of coal tar, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the composite powder of the petroleum resin and the coumarone resin to the coal tar is 10:200, obtaining the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is 200:50, the fusion temperature is 150 ℃, and the fusion time is 60min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 48 hours, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material coated in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
Example 5
(1) Adding composite powder of copolymer resin and coumarone resin into a petroleum tar solution, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the composite powder of copolymer resin and coumarone resin to petroleum tar is 10:120 to obtain the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is 150:40, the fusion temperature is 180 ℃, and the fusion time is 45min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24 hours, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material coated in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
Example 6
(1) Adding the composite powder of the copolymer resin and the petroleum resin into the mixed solution of the petroleum tar and the paraffin oil, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the composite powder of the copolymer resin and the petroleum resin to the petroleum tar and the paraffin oil is 10:120 to obtain the coating modifier.
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is 180:32, the fusion temperature is 165 ℃, and the fusion time is 60min, so as to obtain a coating material; wherein the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is fine powder produced in the process of crushing natural crystalline flake graphite, the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90 percent.
(3) And (3) loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50 hours, so as to obtain the graphitized material.
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material coated in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
Comparative example 1
Natural graphite and asphalt are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, carrying out high-temperature graphitization at 2650 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the graphite anode material.
Comparative example 2
Natural graphite and artificial graphite are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, carrying out high-temperature graphitization at 2650 ℃ for 24 hours, and crushing to obtain the graphite anode material.
The negative electrode materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1.
As apparent from table 1, the negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has high reversible capacity and excellent coulombic efficiency, and the expansion volume of the battery is significantly lower than that of comparative examples 1 and 2 after 30 weeks of cycle, and at the same time, the negative electrode material can be prepared by low-cost raw materials and simple preparation process, and is suitable for large-scale use in lithium ion batteries. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1-6, the shapes of the negative electrode materials of examples 1-6 are different from the ellipsoids of the traditional natural graphite, and the negative electrode materials show remarkable granulation shapes, namely particles are formed by bonding a plurality of layered graphite units with different orientations, the isotropy is high, each layered graphite unit is coated and connected by a hard carbon layer, and the intercalation and deintercalation channels of lithium ions are increased, so that the charge and discharge multiplying power of the composite graphite negative electrode material is improved, the cycle performance is improved, the expansion of a battery during charging is prevented, and the volume is increased.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-performance composite graphite anode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding resin powder into the binder solution, and performing ball milling and dispersing in a ball mill, wherein the mass ratio of the resin to the binder is (10-30): (100-200) to obtain a coating modifier;
(2) Adding the natural flake graphite fine powder and the coating modifier obtained in the step (1) into a fusion machine for fusion coating, wherein the mass ratio of the natural flake graphite fine powder to the coating modifier is (100-200):
(20-50), wherein the fusion temperature is 80-200 ℃ and the fusion time is 10-60min, so as to obtain a coating material;
(3) Loading the coating material obtained in the step (2) into a graphitizing furnace, and performing high-temperature graphitization, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2300-2800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24-72h, so as to obtain a graphitized material;
(4) And (3) crushing and shaping the graphitized material obtained in the step (3) in a crusher to obtain the composite graphite anode material.
2. The method for preparing the high-performance composite graphite anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the resin in the step (1) is one or a mixture of two of petroleum resin, copolymer resin and coumarone resin.
3. The method for preparing the high-performance composite graphite anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the binder in the step (1) is one or a mixture of two of naphtha, paraffin oil, petroleum tar and coal tar.
4. The method for preparing the high-performance composite graphite anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder in the step (2) is fine powder generated in the process of crushing and processing the natural crystalline flake graphite.
5. The method for preparing the high-performance composite graphite anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the D50 of the natural crystalline flake graphite fine powder in the step (2) is 3-8 mu m, and the fixed carbon content is more than or equal to 90%.
6. The method for preparing the high-performance composite graphite anode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the D50 of the composite graphite anode material is 8-25 mu m.
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