CN117826703A - Method, device, processor and computer readable storage medium for compensating machine tool flatness error in numerical control system - Google Patents
Method, device, processor and computer readable storage medium for compensating machine tool flatness error in numerical control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117826703A CN117826703A CN202311870622.5A CN202311870622A CN117826703A CN 117826703 A CN117826703 A CN 117826703A CN 202311870622 A CN202311870622 A CN 202311870622A CN 117826703 A CN117826703 A CN 117826703A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for compensating for machine tool flatness errors in a numerical control system, which comprises the following steps: inputting flatness error data into a numerical control system; obtaining a compensation model according to the ideal position appointed by the cutter path; the numerical control system calculates according to the ideal position specified by the cutter path and the flatness error data, and calculates to obtain the flatness error compensation quantity; and correcting the output position of the numerical control system in real time. The invention also relates to a device, a processor and a computer readable storage medium thereof for realizing the numerical control system to compensate the flatness error of the machine tool. The method, the device, the processor and the computer readable storage medium for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system can directly input the measured flatness error data to the numerical control system, so that the numerical control system can directly move to the position under the ideal coordinate system appointed by the tool path when controlling the movement of the machine tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool processing, in particular to the technical field of numerical control machine tool system motion control, and specifically relates to a method, a device, a processor and a computer readable storage medium for compensating and processing a machine tool flatness error in a numerical control system.
Background
In nature, a perfect circular arc or straight line does not exist, and the same is true for the straight line shaft and the rotating shaft of the numerical control machine tool. When a machine tool manufacturer designs the machine tool, the motion track of the rotating shaft of the machine tool is considered as an ideal circular arc, and the motion track of the linear shaft of the machine tool is considered as an ideal straight line. However, the movement trace of the rotation axis and the linear axis of the machine tool is often not an ideal circle and line due to materials and the like. When the motion track of the rotating shaft and the motion track of the linear shaft of the machine tool are not an ideal circle and a straight line, the error caused by the fact that the track of the rotating shaft is out of circle and the track of the linear shaft is not straight can be generated at the moment because the client tool path considers that the machine tool is in an ideal coordinate system, and the error is called flatness error hereinafter.
When a general machine tool leaves a factory, the flatness of the rotating shaft can be better, and the flatness is in the range of the requirement of a user. However, as the machine tool is used for a longer time, the flatness of the rotary shaft and the linear shaft is deteriorated and the accuracy is affected after the assembly parts such as the screw guide rail of the rotary shaft and the linear shaft are worn. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced when the working radius of the rotating shaft is relatively large, the linear shaft travel is relatively long, and the body of one linear shaft is on the other linear shaft.
As shown, the gantry type is a common gantry type, with the Z axis on the Y axis and the Z and Y axes on the X axis.
Because the Z-axis is relatively heavy, even if the Y-axis is made of a material with high strength, the Y-axis can be pressed out of shape by the Z-axis for a long time when the stroke of the Y-axis is large. The same is true for the X-axis. In this time, the machine tool has poor machining precision, the yield can be reduced, and a user can replace the deformed assembly parts or directly discard the machine tool for maintenance, so that the service life of the assembly parts of the machine tool can be prolonged, and the purposes of saving cost and improving machining precision are achieved.
The invention provides a method for compensating the flatness error of a machine tool on line according to the flatness error measured by a user by a numerical control machine tool system. The method has the following advantages:
1. and the flatness error data of the machine tool is compensated by the numerical control system, so that the machining precision of the machine tool is greatly improved.
2. And flatness errors are eliminated on the numerical control system through software, so that the hardware maintenance cost of a machine tool user is reduced, and the production quality and efficiency are improved.
Linear axis, the axis responsible for the linear feed motion of the workpiece or spindle on the machine tool, usually a machine table corresponds to a set of XYZ three linear axes
The axis of rotation on the machine tool, which is responsible for the rotary feed motion of the workpiece or spindle, is usually the a axis, the B axis, the Y axis, and the C axis.
Flatness error data for a set of data representing the degree of straightness of a linear axis of a machine tool. Such as: the X axis is at 50mm position, offset horizontally by 50um, offset vertically by-50 um, at 100mm position, offset horizontally by 35um, offset vertically by-35 um. For the rotation axis, it is necessary to set its working radius at the time of measurement, for example, at a working radius of 200mm, a lateral offset of the a axis of 5um and a vertical offset of 10um at 10 °.
Tool path, tool path of numerical control machine tool. And the numerical control machine tool moves a machine tool cutter according to the cutter path described by the cutter path file, and the cutter rotates to mill out the machined part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method, a device, a processor and a computer readable storage medium thereof for compensating the flatness error of a machine tool in a numerical control system which has high machining precision, simple and convenient operation and wider application range.
In order to achieve the above object, a method, an apparatus, a processor and a computer readable storage medium thereof for compensating for a machine tool flatness error in a numerical control system according to the present invention are as follows:
the method for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Inputting flatness error data into a numerical control system;
(2) Obtaining a compensation model according to the ideal position appointed by the cutter path and the data input in the step (1);
(3) The numerical control system calculates according to the ideal position specified by the cutter path and the flatness error data, and calculates to obtain the flatness error compensation quantity;
(4) And correcting the output position of the numerical control system in real time.
Preferably, the step (1) further comprises the steps of:
the flatness error of the machine tool is measured by the measuring device.
Preferably, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
and performing tool path processing according to the ideal position appointed by the tool path.
Preferably, the step (3) includes calculating a flatness error compensation amount for the linear axis type, specifically:
and (5) according to the line graph of the flatness error, calculating the error of the corresponding point in the cutter path on the axis.
The device for realizing compensation processing for the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system is mainly characterized in that the device comprises:
a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions;
and the memory stores one or more computer executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system.
The processor is mainly characterized in that the processor is configured to execute computer executable instructions, and when the computer executable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method for compensating the machine tool flatness error in the numerical control system are realized.
The computer readable storage medium is mainly characterized in that the computer program is stored thereon, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement each step of the method for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system.
The method, the device, the processor and the computer readable storage medium for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system can directly input the measured flatness error data to the numerical control system, so that the numerical control system can directly move to the position under the ideal coordinate system appointed by the tool path when controlling the movement of the machine tool. The spatial error generated when the linear shaft and the rotating shaft move due to the deformation of the linear shaft and the rotating shaft of the machine tool under long-term use is avoided. Particularly, on a large numerical control machine tool, when the stroke is larger, the rigidity of the linear shaft is hard to be free from deformation when one shaft is arranged on the other shaft. The deformation correction of such a linear shaft of a large machine tool is also very cumbersome. When the flatness error exists in the machine tool of the user, the invention can be used for improving the machining precision of the machine tool, avoiding adjusting the linear shaft and the rotary shaft of the machine tool, saving a great deal of cost and improving the machining precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a gantry type common in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a linear axis of a method for performing compensation processing for machine tool flatness error in the numerical control system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a rotation axis of a method for performing compensation processing for machine tool flatness error in the numerical control system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for compensating for machine tool flatness error in a numerical control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the technical contents of the present invention, a further description will be made below in connection with specific embodiments.
The method for compensating the machine tool flatness error in the numerical control system comprises the following steps:
(1) Inputting flatness error data into a numerical control system;
(2) Obtaining a compensation model according to the ideal position appointed by the cutter path and the data input in the step (1);
(3) The numerical control system calculates according to the ideal position specified by the cutter path and the flatness error data, and calculates to obtain the flatness error compensation quantity;
(4) And correcting the output position of the numerical control system in real time.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (1) further includes the steps of:
the flatness error of the machine tool is measured by the measuring device.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
and performing tool path processing according to the ideal position appointed by the tool path.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (3) includes calculating a flatness error compensation amount for a linear axis type, specifically:
and (5) according to the line graph of the flatness error, calculating the error of the corresponding point in the cutter path on the axis.
The device for realizing compensation processing for the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system comprises:
a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions;
and the memory stores one or more computer executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system.
The processor is configured to execute computer executable instructions, and when the computer executable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method for compensating the machine tool flatness error in the numerical control system are realized.
The computer readable storage medium of the present invention has a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method for compensating for machine tool flatness errors in a numerical control system as described above.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the numerical control system can perform error compensation according to flatness error data input by a user, and the machining precision of the machine tool is improved. The complex flow of adjusting the machine tool assembly and replacing the machine tool assembly is omitted.
The invention can lead the numerical control system to carry out error compensation according to the flatness error data input by the user, and improves the machining precision of the machine tool. The machine tool assembly part is saved, the service life of the machine tool assembly part is prolonged, and the purposes of saving cost and improving precision are achieved.
Since the user path is specified based on the position in the ideal coordinate system, the machine tool can generate shaft errors in the other two directions when the linear shaft and the rotary shaft move due to flatness errors.
In the case of a linear axis, as shown in fig. 2, there will be many similar points a in practice, here only a schematic.
The solid line portion of the Y axis is the shape of the Y axis, on which the point A is located at a distance a from the XY plane and at a distance b from the YZ plane. At this time, when the machine tool Y axis moves to the point a, the error in the X direction is b, and the error in the Z direction is a. The error information is input into a numerical control system, and when the numerical control system outputs a control position, the numerical control system sends-b to an X actual axis and-a to a Z actual axis, and the error at the position is compensated, so that the machine tool actually moves to a point A' corresponding to a point A under an ideal coordinate system.
The case of a rotating shaft, as shown in fig. 3, will actually have many similar points a, which are only schematic diagrams.
The solid line portion is the actual trajectory shape of the C-axis, and the flatness error of the rotation axis is only related to the distance and angle of the current machining point from the center of the C-axis. During measurement, the rotation radius of the C axis is R, the error of the point A in the Z direction is a, the error of the point A in the XY plane is b, and the included angle between the point A and the C axis by 0 degree is alpha. The flatness error coefficient at that point a is:
z-direction coefficient
Coefficient in X direction
Coefficient in Y direction
The above calculation process is a formula for the rotation axis type.
The linear axis type is calculated as follows:
and (5) according to the line graph of the flatness error, calculating the error of the corresponding point in the cutter path on the axis.
As in fig. 2, point a is the actual point and point a' is the point in the ideal coordinate system. The X-axis error of point A on that Y-axis is b and the Z-axis error is a. The points in the tool path are proportionally obtained on the line graph to obtain the corresponding errors.
In the actual machine tool machining, an error in XYZ directions in a three-dimensional space is calculated from the position r of the current point relative to the C axis and the angle at that time, and then compensation is performed. And mapping the CAB broken line in the figure to a corresponding arc broken line.
Only the scenario in which the Y axis is being moved, the X axis is being compensated and the C axis is being moved, and the XYZ is being compensated is described above. The invention can be applied to a scene requiring compensation of other axes in space when any axis moves.
The above description is that in actual processing, the steps of the method are shown in fig. 4.
In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the method is realized on a dimensional macro numerical control system, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. the flatness error of the machine tool is measured by the measuring device.
2. And inputting the flatness error data into a numerical control system.
3. And (5) performing cutter path processing.
4. The numerical control system calculates according to the designated position of the machining tool path and the input in step 2.
5. And calculating the flatness error compensation amount.
6. And correcting the output position of the numerical control system in real time.
The step "compensation model" in fig. 4 specifically refers to:
normally, each axis is a perfect straight line during machining. But here each axis is fitted to a polyline based on the flatness error data, and the coordinates that should actually be controlled to travel to these polylines are obtained from the ideal position in the customer's path and the polyline axis models, which is the process of solving for the actual coordinates.
And the resulting compensation model is part of the tool path machining process. The numerical control system outputs the position under the actual coordinate system. The input is the position of the ideal coordinate system in the tool path, and the coordinates of the specified position of the tool path in the actual coordinate system are required to be obtained from the shape model of the axis of the actual coordinate system and the position of the ideal coordinate system in the tool path.
The specific implementation manner of this embodiment may be referred to the related description in the foregoing embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
It is to be understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may be referred to each other, and that in some embodiments, the same or similar parts in other embodiments may be referred to.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution device. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps carried out in the method of the above embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, and the corresponding program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, where the program when executed includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The method, the device, the processor and the computer readable storage medium for compensating the flatness error of the machine tool in the numerical control system can directly input the measured flatness error data to the numerical control system, so that the numerical control system can directly move to the position under the ideal coordinate system appointed by the tool path when controlling the movement of the machine tool. The spatial error generated when the linear shaft and the rotating shaft move due to the deformation of the linear shaft and the rotating shaft of the machine tool under long-term use is avoided. Particularly, on a large numerical control machine tool, when the stroke is larger, the rigidity of the linear shaft is hard to be free from deformation when one shaft is arranged on the other shaft. The deformation correction of such a linear shaft of a large machine tool is also very cumbersome. When the flatness error exists in the machine tool of the user, the invention can be used for improving the machining precision of the machine tool, avoiding adjusting the linear shaft and the rotary shaft of the machine tool, saving a great deal of cost and improving the machining precision.
In this specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will be apparent, however, that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Claims (7)
1. A method for compensating for machine tool flatness errors in a numerical control system, comprising the steps of:
(1) Inputting flatness error data into a numerical control system;
(2) Obtaining a compensation model according to the ideal position appointed by the cutter path and the data input in the step (1);
(3) The numerical control system calculates according to the ideal position specified by the cutter path and the flatness error data, and calculates to obtain the flatness error compensation quantity;
(4) And correcting the output position of the numerical control system in real time.
2. The method for compensating for machine tool flatness error in a numerical control system according to claim 1, wherein said step (1) further comprises the steps of:
the flatness error of the machine tool is measured by the measuring device.
3. The method for compensating for machine tool flatness error in a numerical control system according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises the steps of:
and performing tool path processing according to the ideal position appointed by the tool path.
4. The method for compensating for machine tool flatness error in a numerical control system according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) includes calculating a flatness error compensation amount for a linear axis type, specifically:
and (5) according to the line graph of the flatness error, calculating the error of the corresponding point in the cutter path on the axis.
5. An apparatus for implementing compensation processing for flatness error of a machine tool in a numerical control system, the apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions;
a memory storing one or more computer executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, perform the steps of the method of compensating for machine tool flatness errors in a numerical control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A processor in a numerical control system for performing compensation for machine tool flatness errors, wherein the processor is configured to execute computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform the steps of the method of performing compensation for machine tool flatness errors in a numerical control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
7. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program executable by a processor to perform the steps of the method of compensating for machine tool flatness errors in a numerical control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN202311870622.5A CN117826703A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Method, device, processor and computer readable storage medium for compensating machine tool flatness error in numerical control system |
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