CN117826007A - Ring network fault detection system and method for direct current system - Google Patents

Ring network fault detection system and method for direct current system Download PDF

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CN117826007A
CN117826007A CN202410253403.0A CN202410253403A CN117826007A CN 117826007 A CN117826007 A CN 117826007A CN 202410253403 A CN202410253403 A CN 202410253403A CN 117826007 A CN117826007 A CN 117826007A
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direct current
loop
current
current system
processing unit
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CN117826007B (en
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米文超
江诗宏
夏建华
罗腾
米嫦曦
王丹
米韵茹
马作甫
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Jiangchuan Jinsha Hydropower Development Co ltd
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Jiangchuan Jinsha Hydropower Development Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a looped network fault detection system and method for a direct current system, belongs to the technical field of automatic control of power systems, and solves the problems of bus voltage fluctuation and operation safety hidden trouble which are easily caused by the traditional detection technology; the system comprises an MCU processing unit connected with a current acquisition unit and an electronic load unit; the current acquisition unit acquires the current of the first direct current system and the current of the second direct current system in real time, and the electronic load unit is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system and controllably changes the electronic load of the electronic load unit; the MCU processing unit controls the electronic load unit to calculate loop currents of the first direct current system and the second direct current system, so as to detect whether a ring network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system; as a non-injection innovative technology, the invention does not cause any change of the voltage of the bus to the ground, and ensures the operation safety and reliability of the direct current system.

Description

Ring network fault detection system and method for direct current system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic control of power systems, and relates to a ring network fault detection system and method for a direct current power supply system of a transformer substation or a power station.
Background
At present, in the operation and maintenance stage of a direct current power supply system of a transformer substation or a power station, a ring network fault phenomenon often occurs between two independent direct current power supply systems, and the stability and reliability of the direct current power supply system of the transformer substation are seriously affected by the fault. In order to ensure the efficient and error-free operation of the direct current power supply system, operators must be able to timely and accurately identify and locate ring network power-on faults. However, currently commonly adopted detection means depend on manual intervention, and the detection means not only remarkably increase the working intensity of workers, but also are low in efficiency, and cannot realize real-time monitoring and quick response.
Meanwhile, in the existing typical detection methods, such as a low-frequency signal injection method, a bridge cutting method, a bus voltage regulating method and the like, although the method can be used for fault detection to a certain extent, certain potential safety hazards exist. The current specifics of these methods are described below:
low frequency signal injection method: the method is that a specific low-frequency alternating current signal or a characteristic square wave signal is introduced between a certain loop bus of a direct current system and the ground. This signal is of a lower frequency to avoid interfering with the normal operation of the system. Then, a monitoring device is arranged on the other loop bus, and the presence or absence of the injected characteristic signal is detected through sampling analysis on a ground voltage or current transformer. If voltage or current fluctuation with the same characteristics is detected at one end which is not directly subjected to signal injection, the existence of ring network connection faults can be judged.
Bridge cutting method: in this way, an operator may temporarily connect a controllable resistor, i.e. a bridge resistor, between a section of dc bus and ground, forming a blocking point. When the bridge resistor is connected, if the voltage to the ground of the other section of bus is found to be correspondingly changed (such as reduced or increased), the condition that unauthorized electrical connection exists between the two sections of bus is indicated, namely the ring network fault occurs. This is because the disconnection point changes the distribution parameters of the original circuit, thereby affecting the ground potential of other part of the bus.
Bus voltage regulation method: the method is to manually adjust the output voltage of a set of direct current system charger to be higher than the conventional level on the premise of ensuring the safety. If the voltage regulating operation causes the voltage of the other set of parallel running direct current system to synchronously rise, abnormal electric coupling between the two sets of systems can be deduced, namely, the loop network closing fault exists. The method uses the voltage variation as a detection means to diagnose by observing whether the voltage variation is abnormally transmitted to other independent power supply sections.
The core principle of all the detection methods is that by changing the working voltage characteristic of the target loop to the ground, a voltage or current change signal which can be connected across a plurality of buses and has identification degree is induced, and the transmission trace of the signal is found at the bus at the other side. However, these methods may cause temporary fluctuations in the bus voltage to ground during implementation, and such fluctuations, if mishandled, may trigger unnecessary protection device actions, thereby creating a potential threat to the stability and reliability of the dc system.
The methods are carefully executed during detection, and proper monitoring and protection measures are adopted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the detection process, so that the application of the methods is limited, and the method is the key point and the challenge of the technical improvement of the power system. Therefore, in view of the challenge of the dc power system, it is needed to develop a new technical solution that can not only effectively detect the ring network fault, but also ensure the safety and stability of the dc power system in the detection process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the current situation in the background technology, the invention provides a novel ring network fault detection system and method for a direct current system in order to solve the problems of bus voltage fluctuation to ground and operation potential safety hazards which are easily caused by the traditional detection technology; the change electronic load is modulated to generate regularly-changed load current, the load current is monitored at the output positions of the battery and the charger of the two sets of direct-current power supply systems, and the change rule of the load current is judged to judge whether the two sets of direct-current power supply systems have ring network faults or not. The invention does not cause any change of the voltage of the bus to the ground, and greatly reduces the risk of misoperation of the protection device, thereby ensuring the operation safety and reliability of the direct current power supply system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the purpose:
the ring network fault detection system for the direct current system comprises a current acquisition unit, an electronic load unit and an MCU processing unit, wherein the MCU processing unit is simultaneously connected with the current acquisition unit and the electronic load unit; the current acquisition unit is simultaneously connected into the direct current loops of the first direct current system and the second direct current system, and is used for acquiring the current of the corresponding direct current loop in real time and inputting the current into the MCU processing unit; the electronic load unit is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system and is used for receiving a load instruction output by the MCU processing unit and changing the electronic load of the electronic load unit; the MCU processing unit is used for outputting a load instruction, then calculating loop currents of the first direct current system and the second direct current system, and detecting whether a ring network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system or not by combining the output load instruction.
Further, the direct current loop comprises a charger loop and a storage battery loop; the current acquisition unit comprises a plurality of groups of current dividers, and a group of current dividers are connected into the charger loop and the storage battery loop; the current divider is connected with the MCU processing unit and is used for collecting loop current of the self access loop and inputting the loop current into the MCU processing unit.
Further, the electronic load unit comprises a power resistor unit and a triode, wherein one end of the power resistor unit is connected to the positive electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system, and the other end of the power resistor unit is connected to the collector electrode of the triode; the emitter of the triode is connected to the negative electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system, and the base of the triode is connected to the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit; the triode is used for receiving a load instruction output by the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit through the base electrode, changing the self conduction state degree, and generating an electronic load between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system by combining the power resistor unit.
The invention also provides a ring network fault detection method for the direct current system, wherein the hardware basis of the method is the detection system; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, an electronic load unit is connected into a first direct current system, and the electronic load size and change of the electronic load unit are controlled through an MCU processing unit;
s2, simultaneously accessing a current acquisition unit into the first direct current system and the second direct current system, acquiring loop currents corresponding to a charger loop and a storage battery loop, and inputting the loop currents into an MCU processing unit;
s3, by setting a loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value, the MCU processing unit firstly judges whether a hardware fault occurs in the detection system according to the input loop current;
and S4, under the condition that the detection system has no hardware fault, combining an electronic load generated by previous control, and if the loop current of the input second direct current system is greater than the loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value, judging that the loop network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system by the MCU processing unit, thereby completing loop network fault detection.
In summary, by adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing ring network fault detection technology relying on injection signals, the method adopts a non-injection innovative technology; according to the invention, an external characteristic signal is not required to be injected into the system to identify potential faults, and an intelligent control electronic load unit is skillfully connected between one section of direct current buses. By precisely controlling the operating state of the electronic load unit, a current with unique frequency characteristics, such as a low-frequency current signal of only 0.5Hz, is generated in the connected loop.
It is worth noting that the characteristic current is limited to the loop passing through the specific electronic load unit, other normal load loops are not disturbed, the same characteristic current is not spontaneously generated or conducted, and therefore the pertinence and the accuracy of fault detection are remarkably improved.
Another advantage of the present invention is that its ring network failure detection mechanism performs the failure detection task under the control logic algorithm. The invention not only abandons the method of causing voltage fluctuation of the bus to the ground in the traditional detection means, avoids the risk of misoperation caused by voltage change, but also maintains the original voltage balance among the buses of each section, thereby fundamentally avoiding the unnecessary starting condition of the direct current system protection device caused by manual detection operation. Therefore, by means of the accurate and undisturbed detection mode, the stability and the operation reliability of the direct-current power supply system are greatly enhanced.
Compared with the existing fault detection technology, the invention has higher safety level and stronger reliability. Through the innovative non-injection detection technology and the newly designed control logic system, the invention successfully reduces the possibility of misjudgment, eliminates the influence on the normal voltage parameters of the system, and enables the whole direct-current power supply system to obtain more accurate, timely and safe detection treatment when suffering potential faults, thereby comprehensively optimizing the operation and maintenance efficiency and the safety level of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the structural components of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the connection relationship of each component of the current divider;
fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a connection structure of the MCU processor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A ring network fault detection system for a direct current system is disclosed, wherein the direct current system applied by the system can refer to fig. 1, namely, two direct current systems independently operated in a transformer substation or a power station are respectively a first direct current system and a second direct current system. In the normal independent operation process, it is necessary to detect whether a ring network fault occurs between two sets of direct current systems, that is, an electrical connection is incorrectly formed and becomes a closed loop.
The detection system of the embodiment comprises a current acquisition unit, an electronic load unit and an MCU processing unit, wherein the MCU processing unit is simultaneously connected with the current acquisition unit and the electronic load unit. In addition, the direct current loops of the first direct current system and the second direct current system in the embodiment comprise 1 charger loop and 1 storage battery loop.
Therefore, the current acquisition unit of the embodiment comprises 4 component current dividers in total, and 1 component current divider is connected to a charger loop and a storage battery loop in two sets of direct current systems. The current divider is connected with the MCU processing unit and is used for collecting the loop current of the access loop of the current divider and inputting the loop current into the MCU processing unit.
The specific connection mode is shown in fig. 2, the positive electrode end of each component of the current divider is connected to the positive electrode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system or the second direct current system, and the corresponding negative electrode end is connected to the positive electrode of the charger or the positive electrode of the storage battery on the circuit; and simultaneously leading out the positive and negative output leads of the current divider to the MCU processing unit.
As a preferred form of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a linear optocoupler and an operational amplifier are sequentially provided on the connection line of the shunt and the MCU processing unit. The current of the loop is collected and sampled by the current divider, then is electrically isolated by the linear optocoupler, is processed by the signal of the operational amplifier, and is input to the ADC input end of the MCU processing unit, and the MCU processing unit realizes the ADC collection process of the current signal.
The loop currents collected by the 4-component current divider are respectively recorded as、/>、/>And->The specific positional relationship can be seen in the schematic of fig. 1 as follows:
the storage battery loop of the first direct current system is connected with a 1 st component current divider to collect loop current
The storage battery loop of the second direct current system is connected with a 2 nd group of current divider to collect loop current
The 3 rd component current divider is connected into a charger loop of the first direct current system to collect loop current
The 4 th component current divider is connected into a charger loop of the second direct current system to collect loop current
These 4 types of loop currents will be used as the main basis for detecting whether a ring network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system.
In this embodiment, the electronic load unit is disposed between the positive and negative poles of the dc bus of the first dc system, and includes a power resistor unit and a triode. The power resistor unit can take a larger resistance range, one end of the power resistor unit is connected to the positive electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system, and the other end of the power resistor unit is connected to the collector electrode of the triode; the emitter of the triode is connected to the negative electrode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system, and the base of the triode is connected to the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit. The triode is used for receiving a load instruction output by the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit through the base electrode, changing the self conduction state degree, and generating an electronic load between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system by combining the power resistance unit, so that the controllable change of the electronic load of the whole electronic load unit is realized.
In this embodiment, the MCU processing unit selects an STM32 series single-chip microcomputer of the semiconductor group of the schematic method to implement, and the specific model may be STM32F407ZGT6. In the ring network fault detection process of the direct current system, the MCU processing unit controls the output change of the DAC on one hand to enable the connected electronic load unit to generate controllable electronic load, and on the other hand, collects loop currents corresponding to the 4-component current divider, and can judge whether ring network faults occur between the two direct current systems according to the sizes of the loop currents and the output change condition of the DAC.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a ring network fault detection method for a direct current system, and the hardware basis of the method is the detection system of embodiment 1. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, an electronic load unit is connected into a first direct current system, and the electronic load size and change of the electronic load unit are controlled through an MCU processing unit;
s2, simultaneously accessing a current acquisition unit into the first direct current system and the second direct current system, acquiring loop currents corresponding to a charger loop and a storage battery loop, and inputting the loop currents into an MCU processing unit;
s3, by setting a loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value, the MCU processing unit firstly judges whether a hardware fault occurs in the detection system according to the input loop current;
and S4, under the condition that the detection system has no hardware fault, combining an electronic load generated by previous control, and if the loop current of the input second direct current system is greater than the loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value, judging that the loop network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system by the MCU processing unit, thereby completing loop network fault detection.
In step S1 of this embodiment, the base electrode of the triode of the electronic load unit is connected to the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit, and the DAC output level is controlled to vary in the range of 1.0V to 2.5V according to a sine function mode of the 0.5Hz frequency, so that the triode is turned on according to the 0.5Hz frequency. At this time, the bias junction impedance between the collector and the emitter of the triode also changes regularly.
Meanwhile, the power resistor unit is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system through the triode, so that the voltage of the direct current bus of the first direct current system to the ground can be kept unchanged, and then the load current of the power resistor unit in the electronic load unit is passedA frequency variation of 0.5Hz is also maintained.
In step S2 of the embodiment, after the MCU processing unit controls the output of the electronic load unit, the loop currents on the first dc system and the second dc system are collected. Referring to the schematic of fig. 1, of the loop currents collected after completing the shunt access,a loop current for a battery loop of the first direct current system; />A loop current of a battery loop of the second direct current system; />A loop current of a charger loop of the first direct current system; />And the loop current is the loop current of a charger loop of the second direct current system.
Inputting all the acquired 4 types of loop currents into an MCU processing unit, performing DFT calculation, and performing FFT Fourier transform; the DFT is a mathematical tool for converting discrete signals into frequency domain representations, and is also the basis of FFT Fourier transform, so that the signal processing efficiency can be greatly improved. Filtering DC current components in 4 types of loop currents through FFT Fourier transform, only preserving AC current shunt with frequency of 0.5Hz, and forming 4 types of characteristic signal currents respectively corresponding to the 4 types of loop currentsTo the point of
In step S3 of this embodiment, the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold is set asThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the second DC system +.>And the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>Are simultaneously smaller than the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>And the characteristic signal current of the accumulator circuit of the first direct current systemAnd the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>Are simultaneously smaller than the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>And judging that the hardware fault occurs in the detection system.
In S4 of the present embodiment, if the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the second direct current systemAnd the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>Are simultaneously smaller than the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>Furthermore, the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the first DC system +.>And the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>At least one of the two is larger than or equal to the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>Judging that the ring network fault does not occur between the first direct current system and the second direct current system;
if the characteristic signal current of the accumulator circuit of the second DC systemAnd the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>At least one of the two is larger than or equal to the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>And judging that the ring network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system. />

Claims (10)

1. A looped network fault detection system for a direct current system, characterized in that: the detection system comprises a current acquisition unit, an electronic load unit and an MCU processing unit, wherein the MCU processing unit is simultaneously connected with the current acquisition unit and the electronic load unit; the current acquisition unit is simultaneously connected into the direct current loops of the first direct current system and the second direct current system, and is used for acquiring the current of the corresponding direct current loop in real time and inputting the current into the MCU processing unit; the electronic load unit is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system and is used for receiving a load instruction output by the MCU processing unit and changing the electronic load of the electronic load unit; the MCU processing unit is used for outputting a load instruction, then calculating loop currents of the first direct current system and the second direct current system, and detecting whether a ring network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system or not by combining the output load instruction.
2. A ring network failure detection system for a direct current system according to claim 1, wherein: the direct current loop comprises a charger loop and a storage battery loop; the current acquisition unit comprises a plurality of groups of current dividers, and a group of current dividers are connected into the charger loop and the storage battery loop; the current divider is connected with the MCU processing unit and is used for collecting loop current of the self access loop and inputting the loop current into the MCU processing unit.
3. A ring network failure detection system for a direct current system according to claim 2, wherein: the first direct current system and the second direct current system respectively comprise 1 charger loop and 1 storage battery loop; the current acquisition unit comprises 4 groups of current splitters, the positive electrode end of each group of current splitters is connected to the positive electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system or the second direct current system, and the corresponding negative electrode end is connected to the positive electrode of a charger or the positive electrode of a storage battery on a loop.
4. A ring network failure detection system for a direct current system according to claim 2, wherein: a linear optocoupler and an operational amplifier are sequentially arranged on a connecting line of the shunt and the MCU processing unit; the current acquisition and sampling device comprises a current divider, a linear optocoupler, an operational amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) input end, an MCU processing unit and an analog-to-digital converter (MCU) input end, wherein the current divider acquires and samples loop current, the loop current is electrically isolated through the linear optocoupler, and the loop current is input to the ADC input end of the MCU processing unit through signal processing of the operational amplifier, and the ADC acquisition process of current signals is realized by the MCU processing unit.
5. A ring network failure detection system for a direct current system according to claim 2, wherein: the electronic load unit comprises a power resistance unit and a triode, one end of the power resistance unit is connected to the positive electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system, and the other end of the power resistance unit is connected to the collector electrode of the triode; the emitter of the triode is connected to the negative electrode of a direct current bus of the first direct current system, and the base of the triode is connected to the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit; the triode is used for receiving a load instruction output by the DAC output end of the MCU processing unit through the base electrode, changing the self conduction state degree, and generating an electronic load between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus of the first direct current system by combining the power resistor unit.
6. A ring network fault detection method for a direct current system is characterized in that: the hardware basis of the method is the detection system of claim 5; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, an electronic load unit is connected into a first direct current system, and the electronic load size and change of the electronic load unit are controlled through an MCU processing unit;
s2, simultaneously accessing a current acquisition unit into the first direct current system and the second direct current system, acquiring loop currents corresponding to a charger loop and a storage battery loop, and inputting the loop currents into an MCU processing unit;
s3, by setting a loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value, the MCU processing unit firstly judges whether a hardware fault occurs in the detection system according to the input loop current;
and S4, under the condition that the detection system has no hardware fault, combining an electronic load generated by previous control, and if the loop current of the input second direct current system is greater than the loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value, judging that the loop network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system by the MCU processing unit, thereby completing loop network fault detection.
7. The method for ring network failure detection for a direct current system according to claim 6, wherein: in the step S1, a base electrode of a triode of an electronic load unit is connected with a DAC output end of an MCU processing unit, and the DAC output level is controlled to be changed within a range of 1.0V to 2.5V according to a sine function mode of 0.5Hz frequency, so that the triode is conducted according to the 0.5Hz frequency; simultaneously, the direct current bus of the first direct current system keeps unchanged with respect to the ground voltage, and then the load current passes through a power resistor unit in the electronic load unitA frequency variation of 0.5Hz is also maintained.
8. The method for ring network failure detection for a direct current system according to claim 7, wherein: in step S2, a 1 st component current divider is connected to a storage battery loop of the first direct current system to collect loop currentThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second group of current divider is connected to the accumulator loop of the second DC system to collect loop current +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The third component of current divider is connected to the charger loop of the first direct current system, and loop current is collected +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Connecting a 4 th component current divider into a charger loop of a second direct current system, and collecting loop current +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Inputting all the acquired 4 types of loop currents into an MCU processing unit, performing DFT calculation, and performing FFT Fourier transform; filtering direct current components in 4 types of loop currents through FFT Fourier transform, only preserving alternating current shunt with frequency of 0.5Hz, and forming 4 types of characteristic signal currents +.>To->
9. The method for ring network failure detection for a direct current system according to claim 8, wherein: in step S3, the loop network fault detection characteristic signal current threshold value is set asThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the second DC system +.>And the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>Are simultaneously smaller than the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>Furthermore, the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the first DC system +.>And the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>Are simultaneously smaller than the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>And judging that the hardware fault occurs in the detection system.
10. The method for ring network failure detection for a direct current system according to claim 9, wherein: in step S4, if the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the second DC systemAnd characteristic signal current of charger loopAre simultaneously smaller than the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>Furthermore, the characteristic signal current of the battery circuit of the first DC system +.>And the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>At least one of the two is larger than or equal to the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>Judging that the ring network fault does not occur between the first direct current system and the second direct current system;
if the characteristic signal current of the accumulator circuit of the second DC systemAnd the characteristic signal current of the charger loop +.>At least one of the two is larger than or equal to the threshold value of the ring network fault detection characteristic signal current>And judging that the ring network fault occurs between the first direct current system and the second direct current system.
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