CN117825049B - Method and system for testing performance of hydrated lubrication stern bearing - Google Patents
Method and system for testing performance of hydrated lubrication stern bearing Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and discloses a hydrated lubrication stern bearing performance test method and a hydrated lubrication stern bearing performance test system. The method comprises the steps of providing calculation input for the molecular weight, sulfonation degree calculation, surface potential calculation, water contact angle calculation, pressure bearing analysis calculation, lubrication analysis calculation, abrasion analysis calculation, water swelling analysis calculation, bearing structure calculation and the like of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing through a test method consisting of a surface physical and chemical property test, a mechanical property test and a friction and abrasion property test and a test system consisting of a surface physical and chemical property test module, a mechanical property test module and a friction and abrasion property test module; the method can provide basis for modification routes, hydration effect lubrication analysis and mechanical property comparison analysis of the hydration lubrication stern bearing by adopting different sulfonation modification materials, and provides reference basis for development and application of the hydration lubrication stern bearing material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a hydrated lubrication stern bearing, in particular to a hydrated lubrication stern bearing performance test method and a hydrated lubrication stern bearing performance test system.
Background
In the development history of modern ship bearings, the oil-lubricated stern bearing plays a great role in a ship propulsion system, however, the long-time low-speed heavy load easily causes the leakage of lubricating oil of the oil-lubricated stern bearing, which can cause great damage to equipment and ecological environment and possibly cause potential safety hazards. In order to solve the leakage problem of oil lubricated stern bearings from the source, researchers have started to study how water is used as an effective lubrication medium in bearings, especially in working environments where oil contamination cannot be tolerated or efficient cooling is required, such as hydropower stations, marine propeller shafts, submarine propulsion units, etc. However, the hydrodynamic film of the water lubricated bearing is not easy to form at a low speed or in a starting stage, so that the abrasion between the bearing and the shaft is possibly increased, the base material is finally severely abraded, a large amount of friction noise is generated, the operation of the ship is seriously affected, and the service life of the bearing is greatly shortened. Therefore, through the systematic research on the water-lubricated bearing, the novel composite material modified bearing material is combined, the bearing material preparation technology and the evaluation system are optimized, the lubricating performance, the bearing capacity, the wear resistance, the self-repairing capacity, the corrosion resistance and other aspects of the water-lubricated bearing are improved, the problems of friction, abrasion, vibration, noise, non-power consumption and the like of the water-lubricated bearing are greatly reduced or reduced, and necessary matching technology and matching equipment are created for the updating of ships in China.
The hydration lubrication effect refers to a phenomenon in which a hydration layer formed due to interaction of water molecules with a solid surface plays an important role in reducing friction and wear between two relatively moving solid surfaces. In a seawater environment, due to the charge and dipole moment of the material surface, water molecules can be closely adsorbed on the solid surface to form a hydration layer with a stable space structure. In the lubrication process, the hydration repulsive force generated by the hydration film can enable the extruded material to quickly restore to the original state along with the separation of the surface, so that a continuous lubrication effect is provided.
The water lubrication stern bearing is an important part at the tail of a ship and plays roles of kinetic energy transmission and wear resistance. When the water-lubricated stern bearing is used under the limit working condition of low speed and heavy load, the phenomena of bearing stripping, layering, abrasive particle abrasion, aging and the like easily occur, and the use of ships or underwater equipment is seriously influenced. The hydration effect is used as a new lubrication theory and is already applied to the water lubrication stern bearing, and in order to ensure the hydration capability and the service life of the stern bearing, the bearing needs to be subjected to systematic testing, and the importance of the bearing lubrication system in terms of the material property and the structure property of the bearing is evaluated. The current water lubrication bearing material performance test method is single, the test items are mainly in mechanics, thermal, tribology and the like, along with the acceleration of the research and development progress of the functional bearing, the existing bearing test method cannot comprehensively evaluate the performance of the functional bearing, and the actual use requirements are difficult to meet. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a test method which can evaluate the hydration effect of the hydration lubrication stern bearing and the service life of the bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a performance test method and a test system for a hydrated lubrication stern bearing, which can provide basis for modification routes, hydration effect lubrication analysis and mechanical performance contrast analysis of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing by adopting different sulphonated modification materials, provide reference for development and application of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing materials, and also provide scientific basis for use of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing in ships or underwater devices.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for testing the performance of a hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the steps of testing physical and chemical properties of a surface interface, testing mechanical properties and testing friction and wear properties; the physical and chemical performance test of the surface interface is a bearing molecular weight test, a sulfonation degree test, a solid surface zeta potential test and a water contact angle test, and the mechanical performance test is a density and hardness test, a poisson ratio test, a yield compression strength test, a water swelling coefficient test, a limiting pressure and a bearing limiting PV value test.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps of: the weight average molecular mass Mw and the viscosity average molecular mass mη are obtained by gel permeation chromatography, the bearing dispersibility index PDI is calculated according to pdi=mw/mη, and the main molecular weight of the bearing is obtained by a PDI index map.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps: after the bearing and the fluxing agent are mixed, the concentration of carbon and sulfur in the mixture burnt in the inert atmosphere is quantitatively analyzed by a carbon-sulfur analyzer to be converted into corresponding carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, and the sulfonation degree is calculated, wherein the sulfonation degree of the bearing is more than or equal to 0.002%.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps of: respectively placing two oppositely arranged bearings in electrolyte of an externally applied electric field, measuring the electrophoresis speed of charged particles by a Zeta potentiometer, and calculating the Zeta potential of the surface of the bearings; wherein the method comprises the steps ofI str denotes a flowing current; Δp represents the driving pressure; η represents the viscosity of the electrolyte; /(I)Represents the dielectric constant of the electrolyte; l represents the spacing between the two bearings; a represents the cross-sectional area of the opposite faces of the two bearings; wherein the zeta potential of the bearing is > -20MV.
According to the method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, the water contact angle test is calculated according to the Young's equation, and the Young's equation is as follows: θ is the contact angle formed by water at the bearing surface; gamma s is the bearing surface energy; gamma sl is the interfacial tension between the bearing and water; gamma l is the surface tension of water; wherein the water contact angle θ is required to be less than 85 °.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps: measuring the mass m 1 of the bearing in the air, weighing the mass m 2 of distilled water, hanging the bearing in the distilled water by using a string, weighing the whole mass m 3, and calculating the density rho of the bearing according to Archimedes' law; the hardness test is: and measuring the Shore hardness of the bearing by a Shore hardness meter.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps: processing a bearing spline in the bearing, stretching the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bearing spline by a universal testing machine, and calculating the poisson ratio according to the deformation amount of the bearing spline when the bearing spline is broken; wherein poisson ratio η=Δl/Δd, Δl is the deformation amount of the bearing spline in the length direction, and Δd is the deformation amount of the bearing spline in the width direction.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps: applying an axial pressure load to the bearing at a constant rate, terminating the test when the deformation of the bearing exceeds a preset value, and calculating the yield compression strength of the bearing according to a stress-strain curve of the bearing formed in the test process; wherein, the yield compression strength sigma=f z/A0,Fz is the pressure load applied to the axial direction of the bearing when the bearing is deformed, and a 0 is the cross-sectional area of the bearing along the diameter direction.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps: placing the bearing in a seawater environment, testing the dimensional change condition of the bearing under different soaking times, and calculating the water swelling coefficient of the bearing; wherein the water swelling coefficient c= (m 5-m4)/m4×100,m5 is the mass after bearing soaking and m 4 is the mass when drying before bearing soaking.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps that a water lubrication bearing testing machine is adopted, a main shaft slides on a bearing at a preset linear speed, an axial pressure load is gradually increased, whether the bearing can maintain normal operation is observed within a certain period of time, when the measured friction coefficient value is higher than that of the normal bearing operation by 0.1 or more, the abnormal operation of the bearing is judged, the bearing is taken out to measure the abrasion depth, when the abrasion depth exceeds 0.5mm, the bearing is failed, and the testing condition at the moment is that the bearing reaches the limit pressure and the limit PV value of the bearing; the ultimate pressure P max=Fmax/（lR）,Fmax of the bearing is the maximum radial pressure load of the bearing, l is the length of the bearing, and R is the diameter of the bearing.
The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following steps: placing the bearing in a water lubrication bearing testing machine, applying preset load and rotating speed to the bearing, testing friction moment and abrasion condition of the bearing under different operation conditions, and identifying the condition of the bearing under different operation conditions by measuring the water lubrication bearing testing machine load fluctuation rule and the water film thickness of the bearing and the main shaft; wherein the friction coefficient μ=f μ/N,Fμ is the friction, N is the radial pressure load; the wear amount η= (m 7-m6)/ρ,m7 is the mass of the bearing after the bearing is tested under a specified load and rotation speed, m 6 is the mass of the bearing before the test, and ρ is the density of the bearing.
The system for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing is used for realizing the method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and comprises the following testing modules:
The surface interface physical and chemical performance testing module is used for testing the molecular weight, the sulfonation degree, the zeta potential and the water contact angle of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, wherein the sulfonation degree is more than or equal to 0.002%, the zeta potential is > -20MV, the water contact angle theta is less than 85 degrees, and the hydrated lubrication stern bearing is guaranteed to have the hydrated lubrication capacity;
the mechanical property testing module is used for testing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density, yield compression strength, bearing limit PV value and water swelling coefficient of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and comparing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density and yield compression strength values of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing and an unmodified pure sample bearing, wherein the Poisson's ratio difference value is less than or equal to 0.1, the hardness difference value is less than or equal to 20D, the density difference value is less than or equal to 0.1g/cm 3, the yield strength difference value is less than or equal to 30MPa, and the mechanical property and the basic mechanical property of the hydrated lubrication bearing are ensured; the bearing limit PV value and the water swelling coefficient of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing and the unmodified pure sample bearing are compared, wherein the difference value of the bearing limit PV value is less than or equal to 1MPa multiplied by m/s, and the difference value of the water swelling coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, so that the hydrated lubrication stern bearing has practicability in the use under the actual working condition;
The friction and wear performance testing module is used for testing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the hydration lubrication stern bearing, and comparing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the hydration lubrication stern bearing with those of an unmodified pure sample bearing, wherein the friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.1m/s, the wear rate is less than or equal to 10 -6mm3/N.m, and the hydration effect water film thickness is more than 0mm, so that the friction and wear condition and the hydration lubrication capability of the hydration lubrication stern bearing in different operation conditions are ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a performance test method of a hydration lubrication stern bearing, which considers the effect of a bearing hydration effect on friction lubrication when a sulfonation modified hydration lubrication stern bearing is actually applied, and takes a physical and chemical performance test of a bearing surface interface as the basis of the generation of the hydration effect; on the premise of ensuring the hydration effect of the bearing, the mechanical property and the tribological property of the bearing are tested, the comprehensive service performance of the hydration lubrication stern bearing can be accurately evaluated, so that the hydration lubrication stern bearing can be ensured to meet the use under the actual working condition, and a theoretical basis is provided for the design of the large-size hydration effect bearing.
The invention also provides a system for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and the tested bearing data can provide calculation inputs for the molecular weight, the sulfonation degree calculation, the surface interface potential calculation, the water contact angle calculation, the pressure bearing analysis calculation, the lubrication analysis calculation, the wear analysis calculation, the water swelling analysis calculation, the bearing structure calculation and the like of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing; the method can provide basis for modification routes, hydration effect lubrication analysis and mechanical property comparison analysis of the hydration lubrication stern bearing by adopting different sulfonation modification materials, and provides reference basis for development and application of the hydration lubrication stern bearing material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing the performance of a water lubricated stern bearing.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method and a system for testing the performance of a water-lubricated stern bearing, which are used for making the purposes, the technical scheme and the effects of the invention clearer and more definite, and further detailed description of the invention is provided below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for testing the performance of a water-lubricated stern bearing, which comprises the steps of testing physical and chemical properties of a surface interface, testing mechanical properties and testing frictional wear performance; the physical and chemical performance test of the surface interface is a bearing molecular weight test, a sulfonation degree test, a solid surface zeta potential test and a water contact angle test, and the mechanical performance test is a density and hardness test, a poisson ratio test, a yield compression strength test, a water swelling coefficient test, a limiting pressure and a bearing limiting PV value test.
Specifically, the bearing material is selected as a bearing substrate material, such as polyether-ether-ketone, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and the like.
Testing the material property:
S1, the bearing molecular weight test comprises the following steps: through gel permeation chromatography, when a bearing passes through a porous gel chromatographic column at a certain flow rate, the bearing can continuously repeat the process of 'diffusing into a gel micropore and then being brought out of the micropore by a mobile phase', data such as number average molecular mass Mn, weight average molecular mass Mw, viscosity average molecular mass Meta and the like are obtained by using different detectors, finally, a bearing dispersibility index PDI is calculated according to the size and distribution of the molecular weight at each moment according to PDI=Mw/Meta, and the main molecular weight of the bearing is obtained through a PDI index chart. The particle size distribution of the bearing material (powder) can be clarified through the molecular weight test of the bearing, the stability of the material dispersion can be maintained in the sulfonation modification and processing process, the good compatibility of the bearing material and other components in a bearing system is ensured, and the subsequent material property test and structural test are ensured. Specifically, to ensure accuracy of the test data, 5 samples were randomly extracted from the bearing substrate material, and the final test result was an average of the extracted 5 sample test results.
S2, the sulfonation degree test comprises the following steps: after the bearing and the fluxing agent are mixed, the high-temperature combustion is carried out in a high-frequency furnace by a carbon-sulfur analyzer, and carbon and sulfur in the sample are converted into corresponding gas states-carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide under an inert atmosphere. The generated gas is driven by carrier gas to pass through a cooling and purifying treatment system and then enters a carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide detection chamber respectively, the concentrations of the two gases are quantitatively analyzed, and the sulfonation degree is calculated, wherein the sulfonation degree of the bearing is more than or equal to 0.002%. The more sulfur elements are rich in the bearing, the higher the sulfonation degree of the bearing is, the more acidic groups are contained in the bearing, and the higher the hydration lubricating capability of the bearing is. Specifically, after the hydration lubrication characteristic of the selected bearing substrate material is endowed by sulfonation modification, the influence of residual solvent on the test result is eliminated by washing for many times.
S3, testing the zeta potential of the solid surface comprises the following steps: through the Zeta potentiometer, two oppositely arranged bearings are respectively placed in electrolyte of an external electric field, the electrolyte is subjected to pH adjustment by using KOH solution and HCl solution, the charged particles can generate relative motion under the action of the electric field, and the moving speed is in direct proportion to the effective charge (namely Zeta potential) carried by the particles. Calculating the zeta potential of the bearing surface by measuring the electrophoresis speed of the charged particles; wherein the method comprises the steps ofI str represents a flowing current, deltaP represents a driving pressure, eta represents a viscosity of an electrolyte, and/>The dielectric constant of the electrolyte is represented by L, the distance between two bearings is represented by L, and the cross-sectional area of the opposite surfaces of the two bearings is represented by A; wherein the zeta potential of the bearing is > -20MV. The higher the absolute value of the zeta potential of the surface of the bearing, the larger the electrostatic repulsive force among surface particles, the more stable the dispersion system and the stronger the hydration lubricating capability of the bearing.
S4, the water contact angle test comprises the following steps: when water is placed on the surface of the bearing through the contact angle measuring instrument, a contact line with a specific shape is formed at the solid-liquid-gas three-phase junction, the surface area of the liquid drop is minimized as much as possible due to the action of surface tension, the contour formed by the water on the surface of the bearing is observed, and an image is amplified and projected on a screen through an optical system, so that the water contact angle of the bearing can be measured. Specifically, the calculation formula of the water contact angle θ is based on the young's equation, where young's equation is: θ is the contact angle of water formed at the bearing surface in degrees; gamma s is the bearing surface energy; gamma sl is the interfacial tension (or solid-liquid interfacial energy) between the bearing and water; gamma l is the surface tension (or liquid-gas interface energy) of water; wherein the water contact angle θ is required to be less than 85 °. The smaller the water contact angle is, the higher the surface energy between the bearing surface and the water is, namely the interaction force is large, the mutual attraction force between water molecules is smaller than the mutual attraction force between water molecules and the solid surface, so that the water can spread out on the surface of the bearing, and the smaller the formed water contact angle is, the stronger the hydration lubricating capability of the bearing is.
Structural test:
S5, the density test comprises the following steps: the mass m 1 of the bearing in the air is measured, a cup of distilled water is prepared, the mass m 2 of the distilled water is weighed, the whole mass m 3 of the bearing is weighed by hanging the string for the bearing in the distilled water, the density rho of the bearing is calculated according to the Archimedes' law, in order to ensure the accuracy of test data, each sample is measured 10 times, and the test result is averaged. The hardness test is: through the steel pressure needle of certain shape on the shore hardness meter, the bearing surface is pressed in perpendicularly under the effect of test force, and when the pressure foot surface is fully attached with the bearing surface, the pressure needle point terminal surface has certain extension L1 (namely the depth that the pressure needle pricked into the measured object) to the pressure foot plane to the size of L1 value represents the size of bearing shore hardness, and wherein the bigger L1 value is the lower the shore hardness, and conversely, the smaller L1 value is, the higher the shore hardness is.
S6, the Poisson ratio test comprises the following steps: processing a bearing spline in the bearing, stretching the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bearing spline by a universal testing machine, and calculating the poisson ratio according to the deformation amount of the bearing spline when the bearing spline is broken; wherein poisson ratio η=Δl/Δd, Δl is the deformation amount of the bearing spline in the length direction, and Δd is the deformation amount of the bearing spline in the width direction.
S7, testing the yield compression strength comprises the following steps: applying an axial pressure load to the bearing at a constant rate, terminating the test when the deformation of the bearing exceeds a preset value, and calculating the yield compression strength of the bearing according to a stress-strain curve of the bearing formed in the test process; wherein, the yield compression strength sigma=f z /A0,Fz is the pressure load applied to the axial direction of the bearing when the bearing is deformed, and a 0 is the cross-sectional area of the bearing along the diameter direction.
S8, the water swelling coefficient test comprises the following steps: placing the bearing in a seawater environment, testing the dimensional change condition of the bearing under different soaking times, and calculating the water swelling coefficient of the bearing; wherein the water swelling coefficient c= (m 5-m4)/m4×100,m5 is the mass after bearing soaking and m 4 is the mass when drying before bearing soaking.
S9, testing the limit pressure and the bearing limit PV value comprises the following steps: the main shaft of the water lubrication bearing testing machine is composed of two parts, wherein the supporting part is a 316 stainless steel through shaft, the other part is ZCUSn 10Zn2, ZCUSn 10Zn2 is embedded into the 316 stainless steel through shaft to serve as a material for grinding the bearing, and the two parts are combined into the main shaft of the water lubrication bearing testing machine. The main shaft slides the bearing at a preset linear speed, the axial pressure load is gradually increased, whether the bearing can maintain normal operation is observed in a certain time, and when obvious abnormality such as overheat occurs in the bearing, the abrasion depth exceeds 0.5mm, the friction coefficient value is higher than that of the bearing in normal operation by 0.1 or more, and the test condition at the moment considers that the bearing has reached the limit pressure and the limit PV value of the bearing; the ultimate pressure P max=Fmax/（lR）,Fmax of the bearing is the maximum radial pressure load of the bearing, l is the length of the bearing, and R is the diameter of the bearing. Specifically, the length of the main shaft is larger than that of the bearing, and the surface roughness of the main shaft is 0.6 mu m. The roughness determines the state of friction test, and the roughness is kept to be uniform for test data, and the machining precision of the current spindle machine processing factory can meet the roughness of 0.6 mu m, so the roughness of the spindle is set to be 0.6 mu m. Specifically, the wear depth can be measured by a digital micrometer to measure the inner diameter of the bearing.
S10, the friction and wear performance test comprises the following steps: placing the bearing in a water lubrication bearing testing machine, applying preset load and rotating speed to the bearing, testing friction moment and abrasion condition of the bearing under different operation conditions, and identifying the condition of the bearing under the actual operation conditions by measuring the water film thickness of the bearing and the main shaft through the fluctuation rule of the load of the water lubrication bearing testing machine and the laser; wherein the friction coefficient μ=f μ/N,Fμ is the friction, N is the radial pressure load; the abrasion loss eta= (m 7-m6)/ρ,m7 is the mass of the bearing after the bearing is tested according to the specified load and the rotating speed, m 6 is the mass of the bearing before the bearing is tested, and rho is the density of the bearing. Based on a friction force measuring system of a water lubrication bearing testing machine, the contact pressure between a friction pair and the rotating speed of a main shaft are changed, the dynamic response of the system under the preset parameters is analyzed, and the friction abrasion mechanism of the stern bearing under different types of working conditions is purposefully researched.
According to the performance test method, the fact that the hydration effect of the bearing plays a role in friction lubrication when the sulphonation modified hydration lubrication stern bearing is actually applied is considered, and the physical and chemical performance test of the interface of the bearing surface is used as the basis for the generation of the hydration effect; on the premise of ensuring the hydration effect of the bearing, the mechanical property and the tribological property of the bearing are tested, the comprehensive service performance of the hydration lubrication stern bearing can be accurately evaluated, so that the hydration lubrication stern bearing can be ensured to meet the use under the actual working condition, and a theoretical basis is provided for the design of the large-size hydration effect bearing.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention further provides a performance test system of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, which is used for implementing the performance test method of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and the performance test system of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing comprises the following test modules:
(1) The surface interface physical and chemical performance testing module is used for testing the molecular weight, the sulfonation degree, the zeta potential and the water contact angle of the hydration lubrication stern bearing, wherein the sulfonation degree is more than or equal to 0.002%, the zeta potential is > -20MV, the water contact angle theta is less than 85 degrees, and the hydration lubrication stern bearing is used for guaranteeing the hydration lubrication capability.
(2) The mechanical property testing module is used for testing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density, yield compression strength, bearing limit PV value and water swelling coefficient of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and comparing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density and yield compression strength values of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing and an unmodified pure sample bearing, wherein the Poisson's ratio difference value is less than or equal to 0.1, the hardness difference value is less than or equal to 20D, the density difference value is less than or equal to 0.1g/cm 3, the yield strength difference value is less than or equal to 30MPa, and the mechanical property and the basic mechanical property of the hydrated lubrication bearing are ensured; the bearing limit PV value and the water swelling coefficient of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing and the unmodified pure sample bearing are compared, wherein the difference value of the bearing limit PV value is less than or equal to 1MPa multiplied by m/s, and the difference value of the water swelling coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2%, so that the hydrated lubrication stern bearing has practicability in the use under actual working conditions.
(3) The friction and wear performance testing module is used for testing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the hydration lubrication stern bearing, and is used for ensuring that the hydration lubrication bearing has better friction and wear conditions and better hydration lubrication capacity in different operation conditions by comparing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the hydration lubrication bearing with those of an unmodified plain bearing, wherein the friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.1m/s, the wear rate is less than or equal to 10 -6mm3/N.m and the hydration effect water film thickness is more than 0 mm.
The performance test system can provide calculation input for the molecular weight, sulfonation degree calculation, surface interface potential calculation, water contact angle calculation, pressure bearing analysis calculation, lubrication analysis calculation, abrasion analysis calculation, water swelling analysis calculation, bearing structural calculation and the like of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing according to the tested bearing data; the method can provide basis for modification routes, hydration effect lubrication analysis and mechanical property comparison analysis of the hydration lubrication stern bearing by adopting different sulfonation modification materials, and provides reference basis for development and application of the hydration lubrication stern bearing material.
In order to further illustrate the method and the system for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing provided by the invention, the following examples are provided.
Example 1: a method for testing the performance of a water-lubricated stern bearing comprises the following specific testing processes:
The polyether-ether-ketone is grafted with sulfonic acid groups on molecular chains through chemical modification, so that the surface of the material has high negative electric density, and hydration cations in water are adsorbed through electrostatic action under the water lubrication condition to form a hydration layer, so that direct contact of rough surfaces is prevented, and the friction coefficient is greatly reduced.
(1) And (3) testing the molecular weight of the bearing, wherein a modified polyether-ether-ketone material is selected as a bearing substrate material, 5 samples are randomly extracted from the substrate material, and data such as the number average molecular mass Mn, the weight average molecular mass Mw, the viscosity average molecular mass Meta, the bearing dispersibility index PDI and the like of the material are obtained through a gel permeation chromatograph, and the average value of the test results of the 5 samples is taken as a final test result.
(2) And (3) testing the sulfonation degree, mixing the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing with a fluxing agent through a carbon-sulfur analyzer, performing high-temperature combustion in a high-frequency furnace, and calculating the content of sulfur dioxide in the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing through carbon and sulfur gas conversion-carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the bearing under an inert atmosphere.
(3) And (3) testing the Zeta potential of the solid surface, namely respectively placing the two modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearings into electrolyte with a uniform external electric field through a Zeta potentiometer, and calculating the Zeta potential of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearings through measuring the electrophoresis speed of charged particles.
(4) Water contact angle test, the water contact angle of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing is measured by a contact angle measuring instrument.
(5) And (3) testing the density and the hardness, namely preparing a cup of distilled water by measuring the mass m 1 of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing in the air, weighing the mass m 2 of the distilled water, hanging the bearing in the distilled water by using a string, and weighing the whole mass m 3. According to Archimedes' law, the density of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing material is calculated, and each modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing is obtained by measuring the density by using 10 samples and then taking the average value. The method is characterized in that a steel pressing needle with a certain shape on a Shore D-type durometer is vertically pressed into the surface of a modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing under the action of test force, and the average value is obtained after the density of each modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing is measured by 10 samples.
(6) And (3) measuring the deformation of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing along the length direction and the width direction by a universal testing machine according to a poisson ratio test, and utilizing the formula: poisson ratio η=Δl/Δd, Δl is the deformation amount of the bearing spline along the length direction, Δd is the deformation amount of the bearing spline along the width direction, and poisson ratio of the modified polyetheretherketone stern bearing is calculated.
(7) And (3) testing yield compression strength, namely applying axial pressure load to the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing at a constant speed, terminating the experiment when the deformation exceeds a preset value, and calculating the yield compression strength of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing according to a stress-strain curve formed in the testing process.
(8) And (3) testing the water swelling coefficient, namely placing the 5 modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearings into a seawater environment, and testing the dimensional change condition of the bearings under different soaking times. By the formula: the water swelling coefficient C= (m 5-m4)/m4×100,m5 is the mass of the bearing after soaking, the unit is mg, m 4 is the mass of the bearing before drying, the unit is mg, and the water swelling coefficient of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing is calculated.
(9) And (3) testing the ultimate pressure and the ultimate PV value of the bearing, wherein a water lubrication bearing testing machine is adopted, a main shaft slides the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing at a preset linear speed, the axial pressure load is gradually increased, and the ultimate pressure and the ultimate PV value of the bearing are calculated.
(10) And (3) friction and wear testing, namely placing the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing in a water lubrication bearing testing machine, applying a preset load and a preset rotating speed to the bearing, and testing the friction moment, the wear condition and the water film thickness of the bearing under different operation conditions.
A performance test system of a hydrated lubrication stern bearing is used for systematically evaluating a performance test method of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and comprises the following main processes:
(1) The surface interface physical and chemical performance testing module is used for testing the molecular weight, the sulfonation degree, the zeta potential and the water contact angle of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing.
(2) The mechanical property testing module is used for testing the poisson ratio, hardness, density, yield compression strength, bearing limit PV value and water swelling coefficient of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing.
(3) And the friction and wear performance testing module is used for testing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the modified polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing.
Example 2: the test procedure of example 2 was the same as the overall concept of the test procedure of example 1, and the modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material was selected as the bearing substrate material in example 2. Introducing a molecular brush containing sulfonate into UHMWPE through a free radical polymerization way, and taking 3-propyl methacrylate potassium Sulfonate (SPMK) as a reaction monomer and Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) as an initiator to obtain the grafted modified UHMWPE. Based on a hydration lubrication friction mechanism, negative surface functional groups of the modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material can absorb hydration cations, so that friction with friction pairs is reduced under the condition of water lubrication.
Comparative example 1
A polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing performance test method comprises the following specific test procedures:
(1) Melt index test: melting the polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing material in a preset temperature for 4-6 minutes through a melt index instrument, enabling the melted material to flow out through a die under constant pressure, recording blanking time required by flowing out a specific volume or directly reading a melting index value displayed by the instrument.
(2) Density and hardness testing, poisson ratio testing, yield compression strength testing, water swelling coefficient testing, ultimate pressure and bearing ultimate PV value testing, frictional wear testing, as in example 1.
A polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing performance test system mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing the material property: and the melt index testing module is used for testing the melt index of the polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing.
(2) Structural test: the mechanical property testing module is used for testing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density, yield compression strength, bearing limit PV value and water swelling coefficient of the polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing.
(3) And the friction and wear performance testing module is used for testing the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing.
Comparative example 2
A polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing performance test method comprises the following specific test procedures:
(1) Bearing molecular weight test, sulfonation degree test, solid surface zeta potential test, water contact angle test, and the like are the same as in example 1.
(2) Density and hardness testing, poisson ratio testing, yield compression strength testing, water swelling coefficient testing, ultimate pressure and bearing ultimate PV value testing, frictional wear testing, as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
A method for testing the performance of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene stern bearing comprises the following specific testing processes:
(1) Bearing molecular weight test, sulfonation degree test, solid surface zeta potential test, water contact angle test, and the like are as in example 2.
(2) Density and hardness testing, poisson's ratio testing, yield compression strength testing, water swelling coefficient testing, ultimate pressure and bearing ultimate PV value testing, frictional wear testing, as in example 2.
The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 data on the materialization properties of Stern bearings
TABLE 2 structural Performance data for Stern bearings
From tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that in the result of the performance test method provided by the invention, the sulfonation degree, zeta potential and water contact angle all reach the standards of judgment values in the result of the materialization test of the sulfonation modified hydrated lubrication stern bearing, so that the modified hydrated lubrication stern bearing can be ensured to have good hydrated lubrication performance in theory. In the structural test result, the modified hydrated lubrication stern bearing can be applied to actual working conditions, and the final friction and wear performance test result shows that the performance test method provided by the invention can ensure that the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing are both at lower levels and can form a water film through the materialization test and the structural test.
Comparative example 1 is not carried out by adopting the materialization test provided by the invention, but is judged by adopting the melt index, the melt index cannot judge the sulfonation modification condition of the stern bearing material, the theoretical basis of the stern bearing capable of achieving the hydration effect is lacking, and the hydration effect capability of the stern bearing cannot be systematically and accurately judged.
Neither the polyether-ether-ketone stern bearing in comparative example 2 nor the supermolecular weight polyethylene stern bearing in comparative example 3 has been sulphonated modified, nor comparative example 2 nor comparative example 3 can detect the content of elemental sulfur; the absolute value of zeta potential is lower than the judgment value, which indicates that the dispersion system of the stern bearing is unstable; the water contact angle was also large, which indicated that the hydration lubricating ability of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 was weak, and it can be seen from the fact that the friction coefficient and the wear rate in the frictional wear performance test were both larger than those of example 1 and example 2, and that neither comparative example 2 nor comparative example 3 formed a water film.
In summary, as the sulphonation modified water lubrication stern bearing starts to be used in practical ships, the existing bearing test evaluation method and system cannot meet the test requirement of the novel special functional stern bearing, so it is particularly important to develop a set of stern bearing performance test method and test system meeting the water lubrication theory. The hydration effect is the basis of a hydration lubrication theory, and the novel testing method provided by the invention can provide a basis for the modification route, the hydration effect lubrication analysis and the mechanical property comparison analysis of the hydration lubrication stern bearing adopting different sulfonation modification materials and a reference basis for the development and application of the hydration lubrication stern bearing material.
It will be understood that equivalents and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention and its spirit, and all such modifications and substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing is characterized by comprising a physical and chemical performance test, a mechanical performance test and a friction and wear performance test of a surface interface; the physical and chemical performance test of the surface interface is a bearing molecular weight test, a sulfonation degree test, a solid surface zeta potential test and a water contact angle test, and the mechanical performance test is a density and hardness test, a poisson ratio test, a yield compression strength test, a water swelling coefficient test, a limiting pressure and a bearing limiting PV value test;
The sulfonation degree test comprises: after mixing the bearing and the fluxing agent, quantitatively analyzing the concentration of carbon and sulfur in the mixture combusted in inert atmosphere into corresponding carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide by a carbon-sulfur analyzer, and calculating the sulfonation degree, wherein the sulfonation degree of the bearing is more than or equal to 0.002%;
the solid surface zeta potential test comprises: respectively placing two oppositely arranged bearings in electrolyte of an externally applied electric field, measuring the electrophoresis speed of charged particles by a Zeta potentiometer, and calculating the Zeta potential of the surface of the bearings; wherein the method comprises the steps of I str denotes a flowing current; Δp represents the driving pressure; η represents the viscosity of the electrolyte; Represents the dielectric constant of the electrolyte; l represents the spacing between the two bearings; a represents the cross-sectional area of the opposite faces of the two bearings; wherein the zeta potential of the bearing is required to be > -20MV;
the water contact angle test is calculated according to the young's equation, wherein the young's equation is: θ is the contact angle formed by water at the bearing surface; gamma s is the bearing surface energy; gamma sl is the interfacial tension between the bearing and water; gamma l is the surface tension of water; wherein the water contact angle θ is required to be less than 85 °.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the bearing molecular weight test comprises: the weight average molecular mass Mw and the viscosity average molecular mass mη are obtained by gel permeation chromatography, the bearing dispersibility index PDI is calculated according to pdi=mw/mη, and the main molecular weight of the bearing is obtained by a PDI index map.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the density testing comprises: measuring the mass m 1 of the bearing in the air, weighing the mass m 2 of distilled water, hanging the bearing in the distilled water by using a string, weighing the whole mass m 3, and calculating the density rho of the bearing according to Archimedes' law; the hardness test is: and measuring the Shore hardness of the bearing by a Shore hardness meter.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the poisson's ratio test comprises: processing a bearing spline in the bearing, stretching the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bearing spline by a universal testing machine, and calculating the poisson ratio according to the deformation amount of the bearing spline when the bearing spline is broken; wherein poisson ratio η=Δl/Δd, Δl is the deformation amount of the bearing spline in the length direction, and Δd is the deformation amount of the bearing spline in the width direction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the compressive strength at yield test comprises: applying an axial pressure load to the bearing at a constant rate, terminating the test when the deformation of the bearing exceeds a preset value, and calculating the yield compression strength of the bearing according to a stress-strain curve of the bearing formed in the test process; wherein, the yield compression strength sigma=f z/A0,Fz is the pressure load applied to the axial direction of the bearing when the bearing is deformed, and a 0 is the cross-sectional area of the bearing along the diameter direction.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the water swelling factor test comprises: placing the bearing in a seawater environment, testing the dimensional change condition of the bearing under different soaking times, and calculating the water swelling coefficient of the bearing; wherein the water swelling coefficient c= (m 5-m4)/m4×100,m5 is the mass after bearing soaking and m 4 is the mass when drying before bearing soaking.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the extreme pressure and bearing limit PV test comprises: the method comprises the steps that a water lubrication bearing testing machine is adopted, a main shaft slides on a bearing at a preset linear speed, an axial pressure load is gradually increased, whether the bearing can maintain normal operation is observed within a certain period of time, when the measured friction coefficient value is higher than that of the normal bearing operation by 0.1 or more, the abnormal operation of the bearing is judged, the bearing is taken out to measure the abrasion depth, when the abrasion depth exceeds 0.5mm, the bearing is failed, and the testing condition at the moment is that the bearing reaches the limit pressure and the limit PV value of the bearing; the ultimate pressure P max=Fmax/（lR）,Fmax of the bearing is the maximum radial pressure load of the bearing, l is the length of the bearing, and R is the diameter of the bearing.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the frictional wear performance test comprises: placing the bearing in a water lubrication bearing testing machine, applying preset load and rotating speed to the bearing, testing friction moment and abrasion condition of the bearing under different operation conditions, and identifying the condition of the bearing under different operation conditions by measuring the water lubrication bearing testing machine load fluctuation rule and the water film thickness of the bearing and the main shaft; wherein the friction coefficient μ=f μ/N,Fμ is the friction, N is the radial pressure load; the wear amount η= (m 7-m6)/ρ,m7 is the mass of the bearing after the bearing is tested under a specified load and rotation speed, m 6 is the mass of the bearing before the test, and ρ is the density of the bearing.
9. A system for testing the performance of a hydrated lubricated stern bearing, which is used for realizing the method for testing the performance of the hydrated lubricated stern bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following testing modules:
The surface interface physical and chemical performance testing module is used for testing the molecular weight, the sulfonation degree, the zeta potential and the water contact angle of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, wherein the sulfonation degree is more than or equal to 0.002%, the zeta potential is > -20MV, the water contact angle theta is less than 85 degrees, and the hydrated lubrication stern bearing is guaranteed to have the hydrated lubrication capacity;
the mechanical property testing module is used for testing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density, yield compression strength, bearing limit PV value and water swelling coefficient of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing, and comparing the Poisson's ratio, hardness, density and yield compression strength values of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing and an unmodified pure sample bearing, wherein the Poisson's ratio difference value is less than or equal to 0.1, the hardness difference value is less than or equal to 20D, the density difference value is less than or equal to 0.1g/cm 3, the yield strength difference value is less than or equal to 30MPa, and the mechanical property and the basic mechanical property of the hydrated lubrication bearing are ensured; the bearing limit PV value and the water swelling coefficient of the hydrated lubrication stern bearing and the unmodified pure sample bearing are compared, wherein the difference value of the bearing limit PV value is less than or equal to 1MPa multiplied by m/s, and the difference value of the water swelling coefficient is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, so that the hydrated lubrication stern bearing has practicability in the use under the actual working condition;
The friction and wear performance testing module is used for testing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the hydration lubrication stern bearing, and comparing the friction coefficient, the wear rate and the hydration effect water film thickness of the hydration lubrication stern bearing with those of an unmodified pure sample bearing, wherein the friction coefficient is less than or equal to 0.1m/s, the wear rate is less than or equal to 10 -6mm3/N.m, and the hydration effect water film thickness is more than 0mm, so that the friction and wear condition and the hydration lubrication capability of the hydration lubrication stern bearing in different operation conditions are ensured.
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