RU2327733C1 - Tribotechnical lubricant and lubricating compound - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lubricating materials.

SUBSTANCE: lubricant contains X-ray amorphous carbon which has the following characteristics: particle size of 30-50 nm from tunnel electron microscopy; temperature at which oxidation starts in air - 300°C; concentration of non-conjugated double bonds, determined from reaction with a neutral solution of potassium permanganate - not less than 1 for 5 atoms of carbon; concentration of paramagnetic centres on the EPR signal with a g-factor of 2.022 - not less than 1 for 1200 atoms of carbon. The lubricating compound contains base oil and X-ray amorphous carbon.

EFFECT: lowering of the intensity of wearing out of the friction surface, increased sedimentation stability of the compound during storage.

13 cl, 3 tbl, 22 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to oil refining, the production of oils and lubricants, as well as to lubricating compositions intended to reduce friction in the friction units of machines and mechanisms, including heavily loaded ones, during their running-in and operation.

Known lubricating cleansing composition (see patent RU No. 2217481, IPC C10M 141/04, C10N 30/06, publ. 11/27/2003), including an organic base consisting of a mixture of liquid paraffins C ₁₄ -C ₂₄ with a chlorine content of 45- 47 wt.% Stabilized to 0.9-1.1 wt.% Epoxy resin, adipic acid ester, antioxidant-acetoanil (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline oligomer) and light stabilizer (di- and / or trioxybenzophenone), and a filler, which is a fullerene schungite fraction C ₆₀ -C ₇₀ , crushed to a particle size of 100-500 Å.

The known lubricant-cleansing composition has a complex chemical composition, while it is not possible to grind the schungite mineral to pseudomolecular particle sizes using currently known methods. In addition, in microhardness, some sections of shungite are superior to monolithic metals and alloys, in particular steel, that is, they are abrasives.

Known lubricating composition (see US patent No. 5292444, IPC C10M 133/00, published March 8, 1994), comprising a base oil, an oil or hydrocarbon-soluble product of the interaction of fullerene (C ₆₀ , C ₇₀ , C ₇₆ , C ₇₈ , C ₈₄ , C ₁₂₀ or a mixture thereof) with an amine-containing polymer having primary or secondary amino groups in an amount of 0.1-20% and other additives (dispersing agent, antioxidant, etc.). An amino-containing polymer can be prepared by reacting hydroxy, carbonyl or carboxy derivatives of polymers with primary or secondary amines.

A disadvantage of the known composition is the high cost of fullerenes and especially the products of their interaction with aminopolymers. The existence of the applied aminopolymer products is possible only with an excess of free amine; moreover, such products are prone to polymerization in air. Solutions of fullerenes in air are actively oxidized with the formation of insoluble abrasive epoxides, and therefore these lubricating compositions are unstable during storage.

Known fullerene lubricant for processing joints of the human bone skeleton (see application US No. 20055221995, IPC A61F 2/28, C10M 125/02, published 06.10.2005), which is injected once or periodically into the joint, in the form of 5 free fullerenes mg or in the form of a mixture of fullerenes with oil.

The disadvantages of the known lubricants are the high cost of fullerenes, the impossibility of introducing solid fullerene into the joint and the limited use only for processing joints of the human skeleton.

Known lubricating composition (see US patent No. 5958523, IPC C10M 131/02, published 09/28/1999), which is the product of the interaction of fullerenes with polytetrafluoroethylene in bulk or in an aprotic solvent under fluorescence. The resulting product, called polyfluorofullerene, is applied to the friction surface in the form of a suspension or in the form of a film sublimated at 350-400 ° C.

The disadvantages of the known composition are not only the high cost of the initial fullerenes, but also that fluorofullerenes, like other halogen fullerenes, are unstable, decompose with the formation of environmentally unsafe fluorine compounds.

Known lubricant (see application JP No. 20055299852, IPC F16C 33/54, published October 27, 2005), including 0.1-50.0 wt.% Fullerene and aromatic polyimide resin and intended for use in rapidly rotating bearings.

The disadvantages of this lubricant are the limited use for rotation bearings, the high cost of fullerenes, the use of an aromatic polyimide resin that undergoes polymerization in air, and the use of fullerenes that sublimate and oxidize at high temperatures in the friction zone.

Known lubricating composition for rolling mechanisms (see application JP No.2005054008, IPC С10М 169/02, published 03.03.2005), comprising a base oil, a urea compound as a thickener and carbon powder with an average particle diameter of ≤1,000 nm (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes).

The disadvantages of the lubricating composition are the limited use only for rolling devices, the high cost of fullerenes and, especially, carbon nanotubes.

Known plastic lubricant based on a base grease (see patent RU No. 2268291, IPC С10М 125/02, published January 20, 2006) containing a carbon additive, which is used as 1-5 wt.% Powders of fullerene soot or powders of fullerene soot after extraction of fullerenes from it.

The disadvantages of the known plastic material are the incompatibility of solidols containing hydrated calcium soaps of fatty acids and absolutely hydrophobic fullerene soot or fullerene soot after extraction of fullerenes and the inability to obtain a compositionally uniform structure, the undesirable interaction of the constituent parts of the plastic material (fullerenes or higher fullerenes and higher fullerenes and fatty acid calcium soaps) and the destruction of plastic material, as well as the high cost of non-extragir ovan fullerenes and higher fullerenes. In the known plastic material, fullerene soot after extraction of fullerenes contains up to 50% of the initial content of fullerenes, which significantly complicates the preparation and use of fullerene soot, since fullerenes that are not extracted from fullerene soot are actively oxidized in air and especially when illuminated.

Known lubricating composition (see patent RU No. 2277577, IPC С10М 125/02, published 06/10/2006), including lubricating oil or grease and tribological additive, which includes (in wt.%) 40-50 silicon dioxide, 2 -3 muscovite KAl ₂ [AlSi ₃ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₂ , 3.5-4 albite NaAlSi ₃ O ₈ , 2-3 microcline KAlSi ₃ O ₈ , 0.001-1 polyhedral multilayer carbon structures of fulleroid type, 0.2- 5 a mixture of fullerenes of the general formula C ₆₀ and C ₇₀ and amorphous carbon - the rest. These polyhedral multilayer carbon structures of the fulleroid type are obtained from the cathode of the cathode deposit formed by the evaporation of graphite in a plasma discharge by gas-phase oxidation, separation of the oxidation product by electroflotation with the selection of a pop-up fraction of 100-300 nm, oxidation of this fraction in a molten hydroxide, metal halide, nitrate or mixtures thereof and subsequent electroflotation (see patent RU No. 2196731, IPC СВВ 31/02, published January 20, 2003).

The disadvantages of the known lubricating composition are the impossibility of mixing the dissimilar parts of the tribotechnical additive to obtain a homogeneous mixture, the possibility of gravitational separation of the ingredients and instability during storage, poor compatibility of lubricating oils and the mineral part of the tribotechnical additive, the difficulty of obtaining the indicated polyhedral multilayer carbon structures of fulleroid type and their high cost. As amorphous carbon, the composition contains carbon black, which is usually not X-ray amorphous, since it is characterized by graphite reflections.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed tribological lubricant is a lubricant for friction surfaces in the well (see application US No. 2003075340, IPC ЕВВ 23/02, published April 24, 2003), consisting of C ₆₀ fullerene, which is introduced between the friction surfaces to reduce friction and to reduce wear.

The disadvantages of the known lubricants are the high cost of fullerenes and the limited application for pipe joint in the well.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed lubricating composition is a lubricating composition (see patent RU No. 2146277, IPC С10М 125/02; C10N 30/06, published March 10, 2000), including mineral oil and a solid additive in the form of fullerene soot in an amount of 1 -5 wt.%.

The known lubricating composition of the prototype can be used to lubricate machines and mechanisms, including heavily loaded friction units, both during running-in of friction surfaces and rolling units, and in operating conditions. The disadvantages of the known lubricating composition include its high cost of fullerenes (C ₆₀ , C ₇₀ and higher) contained in this primary product of fullerene production, their interaction with atmospheric oxygen to form abrasive epoxides and the formation of abrasive products along with fullerene soot, in particular, the solid part of the cathode deposit.

The objective of the invention was to expand the range of lubricants used to reduce friction, based on cheaper and non-abrasive components that beneficially change the friction surface and reduce wear of friction pairs.

The problem is solved by a group of inventions that make up a single inventive concept.

In terms of tribological lubrication, the problem is solved in that the tribotechnical lubricant based on solid carbon material as a solid carbon material contains X-ray amorphous carbon having the following characteristics:

particle size (according to tunnel microscopy) 30-50 nm;

the temperature of the onset of oxidation in air no more than 300 ° C;

the concentration of non-conjugated double bonds, determined by interaction with a neutral solution of potassium permanganate - not less than 1 per 5 carbon atoms;

the concentration of paramagnetic centers by the EPR signal with a g-factor of 2.022 is not less than 1 per 1200 carbon atoms.

Tribological lubricant may have a surface concentration in the friction zone of 0.5-5.0 μg / mm ² .

In terms of the lubricating composition, the problem is solved by introducing a lubricating composition comprising oil and X-ray amorphous carbon having the following characteristics into the friction zone:

particle size (according to tunnel microscopy) 30-50 nm;

the temperature of the onset of oxidation in air no more than 300 ° C;

the concentration of non-conjugated double bonds, determined by interaction with a neutral solution of potassium permanganate, is not less than 1 per 5 carbon atoms;

the concentration of paramagnetic centers by the EPR signal with a g-factor of 2.022 is not less than 1 per 1200 carbon atoms;

in the following ratio of ingredients (in wt.%):

X-ray amorphous carbon 0.5-7.0;

oil - the rest.

Fullerene or its crystalline form - fullerite, pyrocarbon and activated carbon do not correspond to the signs of X-ray amorphous carbon, because:

they are not x-ray amorphous;

the temperature of the onset of their oxidation in air above 300 ° C;

do not have a concentration of paramagnetic centers by the EPR signal with a g factor of 2.022 - at least 1 per 1200 carbon atoms.

In terms of the combination of features, fullerene carbon black and amorphous carbon according to RU patent No. 2277577 do not correspond to the signs of X-ray amorphous carbon, since

the temperature of the onset of their oxidation in air exceeds 300 ° C;

they do not have a concentration of paramagnetic centers by the EPR signal with a g factor of 2.022 - at least 1 per 1200 carbon atoms;

they do not have a concentration of non-conjugated double bonds, determined by interaction with a neutral solution of potassium permanganate - not less than 1 per 5 carbon atoms.

According to the terminology used in the literature, fullerene (more precisely, fullerene-containing) soot is a condensed product of carbon evaporation containing fullerenes. Fullerene-containing soot is heterogeneous, its composition depends on the method and conditions of receipt. Fullerene soot after extraction of fullerenes usually does not contain fullerenes due to the effective extraction and oxidation of fullerenes in air. Amorphous carbon is detected by the absence of reflections in the X-ray diffraction pattern, but usually includes aromatic, but non-conjugated double bonds.

Thus, X-ray amorphous carbon is qualitatively different from the known lubricant prototype.

X-ray amorphous carbon can be obtained by electric arc or laser evaporation of a carbon-containing material. To do this, a carbon-containing material is evaporated in a helium atmosphere with an energy flow of 50-300 W / mm ² supplied to it, fullerene-containing soot formed during evaporation is precipitated, fullerenes are extracted from the soot with an organic solvent, the precipitate is separated, it is washed and dried. It is advisable to carry out drying in vacuum at a temperature of 150-200 ° C.

As a carbon-containing material, graphite can be used.

Optimum evaporation of a carbon-containing material in a helium atmosphere in the region of an electric arc discharge with an energy flux of 50-300 W / mm ² generated in a cylindrical reactor with coaxial electrodes with a ratio of the reactor diameter R to the electrode diameter r equal to (10-20): 1, wherein at least one of the electrodes can be made of graphite, a positive polarity voltage can be applied to one electrode made of graphite and it can move towards the opposite electrode at a speed of 0.2-6.0 mm / min.

It is advisable to vaporize the carbon-containing material at a helium pressure of 100-760 Torr.

Of amorphous carbon may also be obtained by pyrolysis of the mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon selected from the series of alkanes, _{C4 +} alkenes C ₂₊ C ₂₊ alkynes, cycloalkanes C ₃₊ or a mixture of these hydrocarbons with a volumetric hydrogen / hydrocarbon ratio equal to (0.1 -7): 1, on a nickel or iron catalyst at a temperature of 500-800 ° C and subsequent separation of the obtained X-ray amorphous carbon from the catalyst by magnetic separation.

All of the above conditions are necessary to obtain the declared lubricant. Subject to all other conditions, in the absence of a catalyst, significant hydrocarbon conversion rates are not achieved. At temperatures lower than 500 ° C, significant values of the degree of conversion of hydrocarbons are also not achieved, and the method of producing X-ray amorphous carbon is ineffective. At pyrolysis temperatures above 800 ° C, inactive samples containing pyrocarbon are formed, which is probably due to the acceleration of graphitization of freshly formed carbon with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The use of hydrocarbons other than those specified in the list of hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis mixtures requires, in order to achieve significant values of the degree of hydrocarbon conversion, an increase in the pyrolysis temperature above 800 ° C; therefore, it affects the characteristics of pyrolysis products in a similar way. The addition of hydrogen to the hydrocarbons subjected to pyrolysis (in addition to the ones released during pyrolysis) inhibits the formation of graphite, probably due to its hydrogenation.

The pyrolysis of the mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon on a nickel or iron catalyst at a temperature of 500-800 ° C can be carried out in a flow reactor while passing the mixture at a gas volume velocity of 100-10000 h ^-1 .

The pyrolysis of the mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon on a nickel or iron catalyst at a temperature of 500-800 ° C can also be carried out under static conditions.

X-ray amorphous carbon (RAU) has a specific surface area S = 210-280 m ² / g and bulk density ρ≤0.05 g / cm ³ .

In addition to solid RAU, in the inventive method, a by-product of the pyrolysis of a mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon is hydrogen gas, which is easily separated from X-ray amorphous carbon. Side production of technical hydrogen is one of the advantages of this method of obtaining RAU.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 in table 1 shows the tribotechnical characteristics of a pair of steel 45 - steel 65G during friction without lubricating oils (SM) and various surface concentrations of RAU;

figure 2 in table 2 shows the linear wear and wear rate of the counterbody (steel 65G) in the test mode without SM and various surface concentrations of RAU;

figure 3 shows the dependence of the dry friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path at a contact pressure p equal to 1 MPa (1), 3 MPa (2), 5 MPa (3) without RAU;

figure 4 shows the dependence of the dry friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path at p equal to 1 MPa (1) and 3 MPa (2) at a surface RAU concentration of 2.5 μg / mm ² ;

figure 5 shows the dependence of the dry friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path at p equal to 1 MPa (1), 3 MPa (2), 5 MPa (3) at a surface RAU concentration of 3.75 μg / mm ² ;

figure 6 shows the dependence of the dry friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path at p equal to 1 MPa (1), 3 MPa (2), 5 MPa (3) at a surface RAU concentration of 5.00 μg / mm ² ;

Fig.7 shows the change in the coefficient of friction depending on the surface concentration of the RAU in the area of frictional contact at p equal to 1 MPa (1), 3 MPa (2), 5 MPa (3);

Fig. 8 shows the dependence of the friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path under lubrication conditions without RAU at p = 10 MPa;

figure 9 shows the dependence of the coefficient of friction of steel 45 on the friction path under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and RAU concentration in oil equal to 0.5 wt.%;

figure 10 shows the dependence of the coefficient of friction of steel 45 on the friction path under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and RAU = 3.0 wt.%;

figure 11 shows the dependence of the friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and RAU = 5.0 wt.%;

Fig. 12 shows the dependence of the friction coefficient of steel 45 on the friction path under lubrication conditions at p = 10 MPa and RAU = 7.0 wt.%;

Fig. 13 in Table 3 shows the data on linear wear and wear rate of the specimen (steel 45) and counterbody (steel 65G) in the test mode without SM and various concentrations of RAU;

on Fig shows the change in the coefficient of friction depending on the concentration of RAU in the area of frictional contact at a specific load of p = 10 MPa in terms of lubrication;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under friction without SM at p = 3 MPa without RAU;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under friction without SM at p = 3 MPa and RAU = 3.75 μg / mm ² ;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under friction without SM at p = 3 MPa and RAU = 5.00 μg / mm ² ;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the counterbody during friction without SM at p = 3 MPa without RAU;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under friction without SM at p = 3 MPa and RAU = 3.75 μg / mm ² ;

Fig.20 shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under friction without SM at p = 3 MPa and RAU = 5.00 μg / mm ² ;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under lubrication at p = 10 MPa without RAU;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and a concentration of RAU = 0.5 wt.%;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and a concentration of RAU = 3.0 wt.%;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and a concentration of RAU = 5.0 wt.%;

on Fig shows a micrograph of the structure of the friction surfaces of the samples under lubrication at p = 10 MPa and a concentration of RAU = 7.0 wt.%.

Tribotechnical tests of the lubricant and lubricant composition were carried out on the installation, providing reciprocating movement of the counterbody relative to the stationary sample. The samples under study were made of steel 45 and had the form of a disk on which a plane-parallel platform 5 × 8 mm in size was milled, which is the friction surface. The counterbody (indenter) was made of 65G steel. It was a rectangular plate 90 mm long, 22 mm wide, 5 mm thick. The friction surfaces of the samples and the counterbody were subjected to mechanical grinding, after which the roughness R _a was 0.32-0.35 μm.

The tests were carried out in the mode without lubricating oils (SM) and with their use at a sliding speed of 0.1 m / s. As SM, I-40A oil was used. In the case of dry friction (see Figs. 1-7), the tests were performed at a contact pressure p of the sample equal to 1 MPa, 3 MPa, 5 MPa without RAU and with its surface concentration equal to 0.5, 2.5, 3, 75 and 5.0 μg / mm ^2, respectively.

When tested with SM (see Fig. 8-12), the pressure was p = 10 MPa, RAU concentration = 0.5, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 wt.%, And also without RAU. The wear of the samples was determined by the weighing method on an analytical balance VLR-200 with subsequent conversion to linear wear. According to the test results for each sample, the linear wear rate I _h = h / L was calculated, where h is the thickness of the worn layer (in units of length) along the friction path L.

According to the data of metallographic studies of the friction surface, the process of tribotechnical testing without SM steel 45 on steel 65G is accompanied by intense adhesive interaction of the materials of this pair. On the friction surface of steel 45, a banded microrelief is formed with traces of setting (Figs. 14-20). The average value of the linear wear rate at p = 1 MPa is I _h = 2.2 · 10 ^-9 . The microhardness of steel increases and amounts to 5900 MPa. The friction coefficient at the initial stages corresponding to the running-in period increases, and then at the stage of steady wear practically does not change and its value corresponds to f = 0.45-0.47 (Figs. 4-6).

When RAU samples are introduced into the friction zone in an amount of 2, 5, and 5.0 μg / mm ^{2, the} general nature of the dependence of the value of f of this pair on the friction path is preserved (Figs. 4-6). With such RAU contents on the contacting surfaces of steel, the change in the level of the coefficient of friction is small. A noticeable decrease (by ~ 20%) to the level f = 0.37-0.40 leads to the introduction of RAU into the friction zone of steel in an amount of 3.75 μg / mm ² . In this case, compared with dry friction without PS, the average wear rate decreases 1.7 times to a value of I _h = 1.3 · 10 ^-9 . On the contrary, when the RAU content in the area of rubbing surfaces is 5.0 μg / mm ² , an increase in the value of I _h is observed, reaching 4.2 · 10 ^-9 .

Adding RAU powder (0.5-7 wt.%) To I-40A oil leads to some increase in the coefficient of friction at the running-in stage, which decreases with increasing concentration of RAU in oil (Figs. 8-14). However, already after a 50-200 m run, the friction coefficient decreases markedly and reaches f = 0.08-0.11 (Figs. 8-12), which is approximately 10-30% lower than its values for the stage of steady wear in the case of tests with oil not containing RAU (Fig.13). Moreover, an increase in the RAU content in the oil leads to a consistent decrease in the friction coefficient (Figs. 13-14), the formation of a smoothed friction surface (Figs. 25) with an increased level of microhardness (5900-6400 MPa), and a very low level of wear rate (I _h = 5.1 · 10 ^-10 ), which indicates the formation on the friction surface of steel wear-resistant structures (Fig.13-14, 21-25).

The inventive lubricant composition is highly resistant to sedimentation during storage. In particular, regardless of the content of X-ray amorphous carbon in the indicated range, a decrease in the optical density of the lubricating composition was not observed when kept for 6 months. Most likely, the observed technical effect of increased sedimentation stability is associated both with the small size and with the possible interaction of non-conjugated double bonds of X-ray amorphous carbon with fragments of the main oil. The reactivity of X-ray amorphous carbon, determined by the presence of non-conjugated double bonds and paramagnetic centers, probably allows to achieve the claimed technical effect of reducing friction, provides a beneficial change in the friction surface and reduces the wear of friction pairs.

The superhydrophobicity of X-ray amorphous carbon allows the claimed tribotechnical lubricant to be successfully used in friction units operated in contact with water, in particular in water transfer pumps, sand pumps, etc.

Claims (13)

1. Tribological lubricant in the form of a solid carbon material, characterized in that as a solid carbon material it contains X-ray amorphous carbon having the following characteristics: particle size according to tunnel microscopy 30-50 nm; the temperature of the onset of oxidation in air no more than 300 ° C; the concentration of non-conjugated double bonds, determined by interaction with a neutral solution of potassium permanganate - not less than 1 per 5 carbon atoms; the concentration of paramagnetic centers by the EPR signal with a g-factor of 2.022 is not less than 1 per 1200 carbon atoms. 2. The lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that its concentration in the friction zone is 0.5-5.0 μg / mm ² . 3. The lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the said X-ray amorphous carbon is obtained by evaporation of a carbon-containing material. 4. The lubricant according to claim 3, characterized in that the evaporation of the carbon-containing material is carried out under the action of laser radiation. 5. The lubricant according to claim 3, characterized in that the evaporation of the carbon-containing material is carried out under the influence of an electric arc. 6. A lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that said X-ray amorphous carbon produced by pyrolysis of a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon selected from the group of _{C4 +} alkanes, alkenes C ₂₊ C ₂₊ alkynes, cycloalkanes C ₃₊ with hydrogen volume ratio / hydrocarbon equal to (0.1-7): 1, on a nickel or iron catalyst at a temperature of 500-800 ° C and subsequent separation of the obtained x-ray amorphous carbon from the catalyst by magnetic separation. 7. The lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that said X-ray amorphous carbon has a specific surface area S = 210-280 m / g and a bulk density ρ≤0.05 g / cm ³ . 8. A lubricating composition comprising a base oil and a solid carbon material, characterized in that as a solid carbon material it contains X-ray amorphous carbon having the following characteristics: particle size according to tunnel microscopy 30-50 nm; the temperature of the onset of oxidation in air is not more than 300 ° C; the concentration of non-conjugated double bonds, determined by interaction with a neutral solution of potassium permanganate - not less than 1 per 5 carbon atoms; the concentration of paramagnetic centers by the EPR signal with a g-factor of 2.022 is at least 1 per 1200 carbon atoms, with the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: X-ray amorphous carbon 0.5-7.0 base oil rest 9. Lubricating composition according to claim 8, characterized in that the said X-ray amorphous carbon is obtained by evaporation of a carbon-containing material. 10. The lubricating composition according to claim 9, characterized in that the evaporation of the carbon-containing material is carried out under the action of laser radiation. 11. The lubricating composition according to claim 9, characterized in that the evaporation of the carbon-containing material is carried out under the influence of an electric arc. 12. The lubricating composition of claim 8, characterized in that said X-ray amorphous carbon produced by pyrolysis of a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon selected from the group of alkanes C _{4+, 2+} C alkenes, alkynes C ₂₊ C ₃₊ cycloalkanes, with a volume ratio hydrogen / hydrocarbon equal to (0.1-7): 1, on a nickel or iron catalyst at a temperature of 500-800 ° C and subsequent separation of the obtained X-ray amorphous carbon from the catalyst by magnetic separation. 13. The lubricating composition according to claim 8, characterized in that said X-ray amorphous carbon has a specific surface area S = 210-280 m ² / g and a bulk density ρ = 0.05 g / cm ³ .

Images