CN117824357A - Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace - Google Patents
Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117824357A CN117824357A CN202311765783.8A CN202311765783A CN117824357A CN 117824357 A CN117824357 A CN 117824357A CN 202311765783 A CN202311765783 A CN 202311765783A CN 117824357 A CN117824357 A CN 117824357A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- aluminum
- temperature
- smelting
- centralized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018507 Al—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001278 Sr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum strontium Chemical compound [Al].[Sr] YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1545—Equipment for removing or retaining slag
- F27D3/1554—Equipment for removing or retaining slag for removing the slag from the surface of the melt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace, which belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, and comprises the steps of firstly igniting and then charging, setting the temperature of a smelting furnace melting chamber to 755-800 ℃, setting the temperature of an aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber to 750+/-10 ℃, and setting the temperature of an aluminum discharge nozzle to be less than or equal to 740 ℃; in the melting process and the subsequent refining, slag removal is carried out for a plurality of times; when the furnace burden is turned into level, uniformly scattering a layer of covering agent into the furnace to cover the melt on the whole surface; when the furnace burden is completely flattened, fully stirring; and transferring the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation chamber into a refining furnace for refining as soon as possible through a transfer ladle. The method solves the pinhole problem of the aluminum product from three aspects of reducing the source of the pinhole problem initiator, reducing the fusion of the pinhole problem initiator into the aluminum liquid and removing the pinhole problem initiator in the aluminum liquid, realizes the diversified control effect on the pinhole degree of the aluminum product, and effectively solves the problem of unqualified pinhole degree of the product in the early stage of the furnace opening process of the centralized smelting furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of steel smelting, in particular to a method for improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace.
Background
Pinholes are the most severely affected of all defects in aluminum products, and the size and number of pinholes have a decisive influence on the moisture resistance, gas barrier properties and light shielding properties of aluminum and its composites. In the production process of aluminum alloy products, the problem of pinhole degree always puzzles various large enterprises, in particular to an aluminum alloy automobile cylinder cover, the degree of the large-surface pinhole is serious, and the rejection rate is up to more than 50%. In addition, the scrapped product of the aluminum alloy automobile cylinder cover due to pinhole degree is about 30%.
The centralized smelting furnace is equipment for melting aluminum and aluminum raw materials into qualified aluminum alloy melt, and is suitable for smelting equipment for centralized smelting and centralized liquid supply in large-scale aluminum alloy casting workshops. Has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, low combustion loss and the like. During the execution of the original process, the pinhole degree of the product cast by the molten aluminum melted in the first 6-12 hours of each furnace opening is more than or equal to 3 grades, and the pinhole degree of the product returns to normal after 12 hours.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme of the invention aims at the technical problem that the prior art solution is too single, provides a solution which is obviously different from the prior art, and mainly provides a method for improving the open process of the centralized smelting furnace, so as to solve the technical problem that the pinhole degree of the product in the prior art of the open process of the centralized smelting furnace is unqualified.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for improving the open process of a centralized smelting furnace, comprising the following steps:
(1) Firstly, igniting, and setting the temperature of a melting chamber of a smelting furnace, the temperature of an aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber and the temperature of an aluminum discharge nozzle, wherein the temperature of the melting chamber of the smelting furnace is set to 755-800 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber is set to 750+/-10 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum discharge nozzle is set to be less than or equal to 740 ℃; recharging;
(2) In the smelting process, slag is removed once per shift in a smelting chamber and a heat preservation chamber of the smelting furnace, and slag removal is carried out after 2-4 bags of slag remover are used for the smelting chamber and are kept stand for 20 min; when a certain amount of aluminum liquid is melted in the heat preservation chamber, deslagging is carried out every 4-5 hours; transferring the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation chamber into a refining furnace for refining as soon as possible through a transfer ladle; when the furnace burden is melted, uniformly scattering a layer of covering agent into the furnace to cover the melt on the whole surface, wherein the dosage of the covering agent is 2.1-2.5Kg/t, and when the furnace burden is melted on the whole surface, the furnace burden starts to be fully stirred so as to accelerate the melting, and the local furnace burden is cooled to prevent local overheating;
(3) After sampling analysis, according to the analysis result in front of the furnace, carrying out component adjustment in the smelting furnace according to the alloy component standard, and discharging after the components are qualified; the additives added for ingredient adjustment must ensure a melting temperature above 720 ℃ and a melting time of not less than 30 minutes;
(4) When the melt is subjected to refining treatment and surface scum is scraped off, the metal melt is infused into a standing furnace, the temperature is strictly controlled during the converter, the melt is fully stirred before the converter, the temperature of the melt is accurately measured, and the temperature of the melt in the converter is 755-765 ℃; timely cleaning a flow port and a launder after the converter;
(5) Before the furnace is shut down, all slag in the melting chamber and the heat preservation chamber must be cleaned, and slag removal is carried out after the slag removal agent 4 bags are used for standing for 20 min.
Further, the preparation work is prepared in advance before charging in the content (1): cleaning all iron tools in direct contact with the aluminum liquid, and preheating and drying after coating; checking to ensure that the positions of limit switches and skip cars on the feeding device are at original positions.
Further, the loading operation of the content (1) is as follows: firstly, opening a furnace door of a melting chamber, paving a layer of aluminum ingot at the bottom of the melting chamber, and then, automatically feeding by using a feeding device; when the material is filled, small blocks or furnace returns are firstly filled, an aluminum ingot and a large block are filled in the middle, and finally, intermediate alloy is filled; the intermediate alloy with the melting point easy to oxidize is arranged on the middle lower layer; the charged furnace burden is uniformly distributed in the molten pool, so that the weight deviation is prevented; the height of the charging and loading vehicle is 50mm lower than the highest position of the skip car, and the furnace burden is charged as once as possible.
Furthermore, the furnace return material does not adopt casting shawl, burrs, aluminum scraps and ladle oxide skin.
Further, a gas collecting device for collecting fuel combustion exhaust gas is arranged at the centralized smelting furnace in advance, a gas purifying device is arranged at the exhaust end of the gas collecting device, and the gas collecting device and the gas purifying device are started before ignition so as to purify the exhaust gas generated by fuel combustion.
Further, the sampling spoon is heated before sampling in the content (3), and the cleanness and the no damage of the sampling spoon are ensured; the temperature of the melt during sampling is 730-760 ℃, and the melt is thoroughly stirred before sampling to ensure that the components are uniform; during sampling, a clean sampling spoon is used for rapidly analyzing a sample before taking the furnace at the middle part close to the middle part of the molten pool and the melt depth.
Further, the additive added for component adjustment in the item (3) is at least one of Fe agent, mn agent, intermediate alloy Al-Si, intermediate alloy Al-Cu.
Further, after the aluminum liquid is transferred into a rotary casting ladle, a slag remover is scattered, and slag ash is discharged after deep stirring; and after the refining temperature is controlled to be 720-740 ℃, a small amount of slag remover is scattered on the surface to carry out secondary slag removal.
Further, the residence time after refining in the content (4) cannot be too long, the time waiting for casting cannot exceed 0.5 hour, the hydrogen is required to be re-detected for more than 0.5 hour, and the hydrogen can be used after being qualified.
Further, in the content (5), the aluminum liquid level in the hearth is reduced to a very low position before the furnace is shut down, and the amount of solid aluminum formed in the hearth is small, so that the heat loss in the melting channel is small in the cooling process of the furnace is shut down, and the cooling speed at the upper part of the melting channel is not too high.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention firstly ignites and then charges, firstly preheats the centralized smelting furnace, can remove residual moisture and partial impurities in the smelting furnace, and can remove the moisture and partial impurities brought in by the charging in the charging process, thereby reducing the hydrogen source and impurity source which cause the pinhole problem of aluminum products and reducing the pinhole defect problem of the aluminum products from the source.
According to the optimization scheme, the gas collecting device and the gas purifying device for collecting and cleaning the fuel combustion waste gas are arranged, and the gas collecting device and the gas purifying device are started before ignition so as to purify the waste gas generated by fuel combustion, so that a hydrogen source and impurities brought by the fuel combustion waste gas can be removed, and the hydrogen source and the impurities source which cause the problem of pinholes of aluminum products can be further reduced.
In the melting process and the subsequent refining, slag removal is carried out for a plurality of times, so that the impurity content in the aluminum liquid can be reduced; when the furnace burden is turned into ordinary times, a layer of covering agent is uniformly scattered into the furnace to cover the melt on the whole surface, so that gases containing hydrogen and the like can be prevented from being continuously contacted with the aluminum liquid, and the effect of preventing the increase of dissolved hydrogen is achieved; when the burden is completely melted, the burden is fully stirred so as to accelerate melting, and the local burden is cooled to prevent local overheating, so that the effect of reducing hydrogen dissolution can be exerted.
The refining process of the invention mainly carries out degassing, dehydrogenation and impurity removal, and removes most of hydrogen and impurities causing pinhole problems in the aluminum liquid. By combining the above points, the invention solves the pinhole problem of aluminum products from three aspects of reducing the source of the pinhole problem initiator, reducing the fusion of the pinhole problem initiator into the aluminum liquid and removing the pinhole problem initiator in the aluminum liquid, realizes the diversified control effect on the pinhole degree of the aluminum products, can efficiently ensure the discharging quality of the aluminum liquid, and effectively solves the problem of unqualified pinhole degree of the products in the early stage of the furnace opening process of the centralized smelting furnace.
The temperature of the melting furnace is set to 755-800 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber is set to 750+/-10 ℃, and the temperature is higher than the temperature set in the prior art, so that the melting rate of the aluminum liquid can be accelerated.
The invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings, in which several embodiments of the invention are illustrated, but which may be embodied in different forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are, on the contrary, provided to provide a more thorough and complete disclosure of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present, and when an element is referred to as being "connected" to the other element, it may be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and the like are used herein for the purpose of illustration only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly connected to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and the knowledge of terms used in the description of this invention herein for the purpose of describing particular embodiments is not intended to limit the invention, and the term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a production process of an aluminum liquid casting product comprises the following furnace opening process:
ignition work: firstly, a main valve of the natural gas and the high-pressure air is opened, and whether the pressure of the natural gas and the high-pressure air is normal or not is confirmed. Closing the power switches, opening the combustion fan, opening the burner after the pressure of the combustion fan is normal, and opening the two furnace doors before ignition;
when the ignition is performed, air supply is performed before oil supply, when the ignition is stopped, the oil supply is stopped before the air supply, the sequence cannot be reversed, and in the oil supply ignition process, people or operation are not accurate in front of the furnace door. When the furnace is heated from a cold state, ignition of firewood, oiled cotton and other types of fire is firstly carried out in the furnace, then air is supplied for oil supply, the oil supply is strictly forbidden, the ignition is carried out after the oil supply is strictly forbidden, the oil valve is firstly closed after each ignition failure, the oil mist in the furnace is ventilated and blown out, then the second ignition operation is carried out, and the sequence is the same. The procedure is strictly prevented from reversing, and burning caused by deflagration of the furnace is avoided. After ignition is successful, the flame and air-oil ratio of the burner is adjusted, so that the flame is normal and the combustion is complete.
Preparation before charging: all iron tools in direct contact with the aluminum liquid need to be cleaned before use, and are preheated and dried after being coated with the coating. And setting the temperature of a melting chamber of the smelting furnace, the temperature of an aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber and the temperature of an aluminum discharge nozzle. The temperature of the melting furnace is set to 755-800 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber is set to 750+/-10 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum discharge port is less than or equal to 740 ℃. Checking to ensure that the positions of limit switches and skip cars on the feeding device are at original positions.
And (2) charging: before feeding, the furnace door of the melting chamber is opened, a layer of aluminum ingot is laid on the bottom of the melting chamber in an artificial mode, the purpose is to protect the refractory material at the bottom of the furnace, and then the automatic feeding is carried out by using a feeding device. The correct charge is dependent on the nature and state of the charge being charged, and should also take account of the fastest melting speed, the least burn-out and the exact chemical composition control. When in charging, small blocks or furnace returns (casting clogs, burrs, aluminum scraps, ladle oxide skin and the like cannot be used as the furnace returns) are firstly charged, aluminum ingots and large blocks are arranged in the middle, and finally intermediate alloy is arranged. The intermediate alloy with easily oxidized melting point is arranged on the middle lower layer. The charged burden should be uniformly distributed in the molten pool to prevent the burden from being deviated. Small blocks or furnace return materials are arranged on the lower layer of the molten pool, so that burning loss can be reduced, and the furnace body can be protected from being damaged by direct impact of large blocks. The intermediate alloy has high melting point, such as 750-800 ℃ of Al-Ni and Al-Mn alloy, and is arranged on the upper layer, and the intermediate alloy is uniformly distributed due to high upper temperature in the furnace and easy melting and sufficient time diffusion, so that the composition control of the melt is facilitated;
the height of the feeding and loading vehicle should be 50mm lower than the highest position of the skip car. The furnace burden is filled flatly, so that the melting speeds of all parts are not much different, and local metal overheating caused by weight deviation can be prevented. The furnace burden should be charged once as much as possible, and nonmetallic inclusion and gas content can be increased by secondary or repeated charging.
Smelting: and slag is removed once per shift in a melting chamber and a heat preservation chamber of the smelting furnace, and slag is removed after the melting chamber is kept stand for 20min by using 2-4 bags of slag remover. When a certain amount of molten aluminum is melted in the heat preservation chamber, deslagging is carried out every 4-5 hours. Transferring the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation chamber into a refining furnace for refining as soon as possible through a transfer ladle; in the smelting process, when the furnace burden is flattened, a layer of covering agent is uniformly scattered into the furnace to cover the melt on the whole surface, and the usage amount of the covering agent is 2.1-2.5Kg/t. When the furnace burden is completely melted, the furnace burden is fully stirred so as to accelerate melting, and the local furnace burden is cooled to prevent local overheating;
the sampling spoon should be heated before sampling, and the sampling spoon is ensured to be clean and free from damage. The temperature of the melt is 730-760 ℃ during sampling, and the melt is thoroughly stirred before sampling to ensure uniform components. The sample must be representative and sampled with a clean sampling ladle to rapidly analyze the sample prior to tapping near the middle of the bath and the middle of the melt depth. According to the analysis result in the furnace, the composition is adjusted in the smelting furnace according to the alloy composition standard, and the alloy can be discharged after the composition is qualified. Additives added for component adjustment, such as Fe agent, mn agent, intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, etc., must ensure a melting time of 720 ℃ or more and not less than 30 minutes;
the aluminum alloy smelting process is to carry out modification treatment on aluminum liquid, the modification treatment is carried out before refining, the aluminum liquid is transferred into a rotary ladle from a melting furnace, modifier is added into the bottom of the furnace, the modifier is added in an alloy mode, modifier elements are not directly added, and an aluminum-strontium alloy rod is commonly used as modifier. Sr is a long-acting modifier, and the modification time can last for 6-8 hours, so that coarse flaky silicon is thinned into fine tissues, the mechanical properties are further improved, the modification effect is better than that of adding the modifier into a smelting furnace, and the burning loss and degradation can be reduced. After Sr is melted at the furnace bottom, the Sr is uniformly stirred by a rotary degassing machine, so that segregation is reduced, the molten aluminum after Sr is modified absorbs hydrogen relatively quickly, and more pinholes are generated.
Refining: after the aluminum liquid is transferred into a rotary casting ladle, a slag remover is scattered, and slag ash is discharged after deep stirring. And measuring whether the temperature of the aluminum liquid can reach the refining temperature or not, wherein the temperature is too high, a furnace returning material is required to be added for cooling, the temperature is lower, the power is required to be applied for heating, and the refining temperature is controlled at 720-740 ℃. And (3) scattering a small amount of slag remover on the surface until the slag is qualified, and degassing and refining mainly comprise degassing and dehydrogenation, wherein most of slag is removed by first deep stirring, but a small amount of aluminum slag is also left in the slag remover, so that a small amount of slag remover is scattered for the second time to remove the aluminum slag.
And (3) a converter: when the melt is refined and the surface scum is scraped off, the metal melt can be infused into a standing furnace when the temperature is proper so as to prepare for casting. The residence time after refining cannot be too long, the time for waiting for casting cannot exceed 0.5 hour, the hydrogen is required to be re-detected for more than 0.5 hour, and the alloy can be used after being qualified;
the temperature is strictly controlled during the process of the converter, the melt is fully stirred before the converter, the temperature of the melt is accurately measured, a measuring couple is arranged at the middle lower part of the depth of the melt for measurement, and the temperature of the melt of the converter is 755-765 ℃. Checking the sealing condition of a pouring launder before the converter; the liquid level is well controlled in the converter process, and the overflow of aluminum liquid is avoided. After the converter, the flow port and the launder are cleaned in time.
And (5) stopping the furnace: before the furnace is shut down, all slag in the melting chamber and the heat preservation chamber must be cleaned, and slag removal is carried out after the slag removal agent 4 bags are used for standing for 20 min. And (3) for partial large-block slag bonding, heating to 850 ℃ and then removing slag. After stopping the furnace, the furnace door, the discharge hole and other outlets which are easy to leak heat are closed, and preferably the flue valve is also closed. The aluminum liquid level in the hearth is reduced to a very low position during the furnace shutdown, and the amount of solid aluminum formed in the hearth is small, so that the heat loss in the melting channel is small in the furnace shutdown cooling process, and the cooling speed at the upper part of the melting channel is not too high.
Compared with the original process, the pinhole degree of the product cast by the molten aluminum which is smelted in the early stage after the molten aluminum is opened in the embodiment. The pinhole degree of the product cast by the molten aluminum in the early stage of furnace opening is less than 2 levels, and the product cast by the molten aluminum in the whole process of furnace opening is qualified.
Example 2
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the gas collecting device for collecting the fuel combustion exhaust gas is arranged at the centralized smelting furnace in advance, the gas purifying device is arranged at the exhaust end of the gas collecting device, and the gas collecting device and the gas purifying device are started before ignition so as to purify the exhaust gas generated by the fuel combustion.
Otherwise, the same as in example 1 was conducted.
While the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is intended to be within the scope of the invention, as long as such insubstantial modifications are made by the method concepts and technical solutions of the invention, or the concepts and technical solutions of the invention are applied directly to other occasions without any modifications.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the open process of a centralized smelting furnace is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, igniting, and setting the temperature of a melting chamber of a smelting furnace, the temperature of an aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber and the temperature of an aluminum discharge nozzle, wherein the temperature of the melting chamber of the smelting furnace is set to 755-800 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber is set to 750+/-10 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum discharge nozzle is set to be less than or equal to 740 ℃; recharging;
(2) In the smelting process, slag is removed once per shift in a smelting chamber and a heat preservation chamber of the smelting furnace, and slag removal is carried out after 2-4 bags of slag remover are used for the smelting chamber and are kept stand for 20 min; when a certain amount of aluminum liquid is melted in the heat preservation chamber, deslagging is carried out every 4-5 hours; transferring the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation chamber into a refining furnace for refining as soon as possible through a transfer ladle; when the furnace burden is melted, uniformly scattering a layer of covering agent into the furnace to cover the melt on the whole surface, wherein the dosage of the covering agent is 2.1-2.5Kg/t, and when the furnace burden is melted on the whole surface, the furnace burden starts to be fully stirred so as to accelerate the melting, and the local furnace burden is cooled to prevent local overheating;
(3) After sampling analysis, according to the analysis result in front of the furnace, carrying out component adjustment in the smelting furnace according to the alloy component standard, and discharging after the components are qualified; the additives added for ingredient adjustment must ensure a melting temperature above 720 ℃ and a melting time of not less than 30 minutes;
(4) When the melt is subjected to refining treatment and surface scum is scraped off, the metal melt is infused into a standing furnace, the temperature is strictly controlled during the converter, the melt is fully stirred before the converter, the temperature of the melt is accurately measured, and the temperature of the melt in the converter is 755-765 ℃; timely cleaning a flow port and a launder after the converter;
(5) All slag in the melting chamber and the holding chamber must be cleaned before the furnace is shut down.
2. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the content (1) is ready for preparation before loading: cleaning all iron tools in direct contact with the aluminum liquid, and preheating and drying after coating; checking to ensure that the positions of limit switches and skip cars on the feeding device are at original positions.
3. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loading operation of the content (1) is as follows: firstly, opening a furnace door of a melting chamber, paving a layer of aluminum ingot at the bottom of the melting chamber, and then, automatically feeding by using a feeding device; when the material is filled, small blocks or furnace returns are firstly filled, an aluminum ingot and a large block are filled in the middle, and finally, intermediate alloy is filled; the intermediate alloy with the melting point easy to oxidize is arranged on the middle lower layer; the charged furnace burden is uniformly distributed in the molten pool, so that the weight deviation is prevented; the height of the charging and loading vehicle is 50mm lower than the highest position of the skip car, and the furnace burden is charged as once as possible.
4. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the furnace return material does not adopt casting shawl, burrs, aluminum scraps and ladle oxide skin.
5. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: heating the sampling spoon before sampling in the content (3), and ensuring that the sampling spoon is clean and free from damage; the temperature of the melt during sampling is 730-760 ℃, and the melt is thoroughly stirred before sampling to ensure that the components are uniform; during sampling, a clean sampling spoon is used for rapidly analyzing a sample before taking the furnace at the middle part close to the middle part of the molten pool and the melt depth.
6. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the additive added for component adjustment in the content (3) is at least one of Fe agent, mn agent, intermediate alloy Al-Si and intermediate alloy Al-Cu.
7. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the aluminum liquid is transferred into a rotary casting ladle, a slag remover is scattered, and slag ash is discharged after deep stirring; and after the refining temperature is controlled to be 720-740 ℃, a small amount of slag remover is scattered on the surface to carry out secondary slag removal.
8. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the residence time after refining in the content (4) cannot be too long, the time waiting for casting cannot exceed 0.5 hour, the hydrogen is required to be re-detected for more than 0.5 hour, and the alloy can be used after being qualified.
9. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the content (1), a gas collecting device for collecting fuel combustion exhaust gas is arranged at a centralized smelting furnace in advance, a gas purifying device is arranged at an exhaust end of the gas collecting device, and the gas collecting device and the gas purifying device are started before ignition so as to purify the exhaust gas generated by fuel combustion.
10. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in item (5), the level of aluminum in the furnace is lowered to a very low level prior to the shutdown, and the amount of solid aluminum formed in the furnace is small.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311765783.8A CN117824357A (en) | 2023-12-21 | 2023-12-21 | Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311765783.8A CN117824357A (en) | 2023-12-21 | 2023-12-21 | Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117824357A true CN117824357A (en) | 2024-04-05 |
Family
ID=90520064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311765783.8A Pending CN117824357A (en) | 2023-12-21 | 2023-12-21 | Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117824357A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-12-21 CN CN202311765783.8A patent/CN117824357A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101921934B (en) | High-performance uniformity aluminium alloy ingot production method | |
| CN110923394B (en) | Steelmaking apparatus and steelmaking method | |
| US20120298325A1 (en) | Flexible minimum energy utilization electric arc furnace system and processes for making steel products | |
| US4736383A (en) | Method for melting scrap or other materials and apparatus for implementing the method | |
| WO2022001874A1 (en) | Slag-splashing fettling method | |
| CN106435231A (en) | Die-casting aluminum alloy smelting process | |
| CN211367630U (en) | Steel-smelting equipment | |
| CN108331977A (en) | Heating pipeline ductile iron pipe, its preparation process and application | |
| CN111349743A (en) | Energy-saving and emission-reducing method for recycling thermal-state casting residues | |
| JP7364899B2 (en) | Melting method of cold iron source with slag reduction | |
| CN203976893U (en) | Monobasic stove copper smelting device | |
| CN117824357A (en) | Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace | |
| CN104593607B (en) | The continuous smelting furnace of secondary aluminium low-temperature energy-saving three | |
| CN108754176B (en) | Continuous refining furnace and process method for refining secondary copper by using same | |
| CN105969996B (en) | A kind of magnesium alloy smelting Casting Equipment and method | |
| CN104928508A (en) | Aluminium alloy melting technology | |
| JP2001181727A (en) | Method for monitoring condition in electric furnace | |
| US3219439A (en) | Open hearth utilization | |
| KR20030006489A (en) | Removal method of rebound loss | |
| CN115198044B (en) | Method for rapidly treating freezing of blast furnace hearth | |
| US1554367A (en) | Process and apparatus for making steel | |
| US4350324A (en) | Method of removal of slag deposits from the bottom of a furnace | |
| CN115449592B (en) | High-efficiency heating and temperature rising method for molten scrap steel and molten iron LF furnace | |
| JP3001535U (en) | melting furnace | |
| US3424445A (en) | Open hearth having preheat and charge means |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |