CN117824357A - Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace - Google Patents

Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN117824357A
CN117824357A CN202311765783.8A CN202311765783A CN117824357A CN 117824357 A CN117824357 A CN 117824357A CN 202311765783 A CN202311765783 A CN 202311765783A CN 117824357 A CN117824357 A CN 117824357A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
furnace
aluminum
temperature
smelting furnace
centralized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202311765783.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
潘家保
王子辉
叶锦
郑志勋
张茂员
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Anhui Polytechnic University
Original Assignee
Anhui Polytechnic University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anhui Polytechnic University filed Critical Anhui Polytechnic University
Priority to CN202311765783.8A priority Critical patent/CN117824357A/en
Publication of CN117824357A publication Critical patent/CN117824357A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/14Arrangements of heating devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806Charging or discharging devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/20Arrangements for treatment or cleaning of waste gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1545Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1554Equipment for removing or retaining slag for removing the slag from the surface of the melt
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种改善集中熔炼炉开炉工艺的方法,属于钢铁冶炼技术领域,包括先点火后装料,并将熔炼炉熔化室温度设定为755‑800℃,铝液保温室温度设定为750±10℃,放铝水口温度设定为≤740℃;在熔化过程和后续精炼中,进行多次清渣;当炉料化平时,向炉内均匀撒入一层覆盖剂,以全面覆盖熔体;当炉料全部化平时,进行充分搅拌;保温室中的铝液尽快经转浇包转入精炼炉中精炼。本发明从减少针孔问题引发物来源‑减少针孔问题引发物融合到铝液中‑去除铝液中的针孔问题引发物这三个方面来解决铝产品的针孔问题,实现针对铝产品针孔度的多元化控制效果,有效解决了集中熔炼炉开炉工艺前期产品针孔度不合格的问题。

The present invention discloses a method for improving the opening process of a centralized smelting furnace, which belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, including ignition before loading, and setting the temperature of the melting chamber of the smelting furnace to 755-800°C, the temperature of the aluminum liquid insulation chamber to 750±10°C, and the temperature of the aluminum water outlet to ≤740°C; during the melting process and subsequent refining, multiple slag removals are performed; when the charge is leveled, a layer of covering agent is evenly sprinkled into the furnace to fully cover the melt; when all the charge is leveled, it is fully stirred; the aluminum liquid in the insulation chamber is transferred to the refining furnace through a transfer ladle as soon as possible for refining. The present invention solves the pinhole problem of aluminum products from three aspects: reducing the source of pinhole problem initiators, reducing the fusion of pinhole problem initiators into aluminum liquid, and removing pinhole problem initiators in aluminum liquid, thereby achieving a diversified control effect on the pinhole degree of aluminum products, and effectively solving the problem of unqualified pinhole degree of products in the early stage of the centralized smelting furnace opening process.

Description

一种改善集中熔炼炉开炉工艺的方法A method for improving the opening process of a centralized smelting furnace

技术领域Technical Field

本发明主要涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域,具体为一种改善集中熔炼炉开炉工艺的方法。The invention mainly relates to the technical field of steel smelting, and in particular to a method for improving the furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace.

背景技术Background technique

针孔是铝制产品所有缺陷中影响最为严重的缺陷,针孔的大小和数量对铝及其复合材料的防潮性、阻气性和遮光性有着决定性的影响。在铝合金产品生产过程中,针孔度问题始终困扰各大企业,特别是铝合金汽车缸盖,其大面针孔程度之严重,其废品率高达50%以上。另外,铝合金汽车缸盖因针孔度而报废的产品也达30%左右。Pinholes are the most serious defects among all defects of aluminum products. The size and number of pinholes have a decisive impact on the moisture resistance, gas barrier and light shielding of aluminum and its composite materials. In the production process of aluminum alloy products, the pinhole problem has always troubled major companies, especially aluminum alloy automobile cylinder heads, whose large surface pinholes are so serious that the scrap rate is as high as more than 50%. In addition, about 30% of aluminum alloy automobile cylinder heads are scrapped due to pinholes.

集中熔炼炉是将铝及铝原料熔化成合格的铝合金熔液的设备,适用于大型铝合金铸造车间集中熔炼、集中供液的熔炼设备。具有效率高、能耗低、燃烧损失小等优点。在执行原工艺期间,每次开炉的前6-12小时熔炼的铝液浇铸的产品针孔度≥3级,而12小时后产品针孔度才恢复正常。Centralized smelting furnace is a device that melts aluminum and aluminum raw materials into qualified aluminum alloy melt. It is suitable for centralized smelting and centralized liquid supply in large aluminum alloy casting workshops. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and small combustion loss. During the implementation of the original process, the pinhole degree of the product cast by the aluminum liquid smelted in the first 6-12 hours of each furnace opening is ≥3 levels, and the pinhole degree of the product returns to normal after 12 hours.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明技术方案针对现有技术解决方案过于单一的技术问题,提供了显著不同于现有技术的解决方案,主要提供了一种改善集中熔炼炉开炉工艺的方法,用以解决上述背景技术中提出的现有集中熔炼炉开炉工艺前期产品针孔度不合格的技术问题。The technical solution of the present invention aims at the technical problem that the existing technical solution is too single, and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology. It mainly provides a method for improving the centralized smelting furnace start-up process, which is used to solve the technical problem of unqualified pinhole degree of the early products in the existing centralized smelting furnace start-up process mentioned in the above background technology.

本发明解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案为:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

一种改善集中熔炼炉开炉工艺的方法,包括如下内容:A method for improving the opening process of a centralized smelting furnace, comprising the following contents:

(1)先点火,设定熔炼炉熔化室温度、铝液保温室温度及放铝水口温度,所述熔炼炉熔化室温度设定为755-800℃,铝液保温室温度设定为750±10℃,放铝水口温度设定为≤740℃;再装料;(1) First ignite, set the melting chamber temperature of the smelting furnace, the temperature of the aluminum liquid insulation chamber and the temperature of the aluminum tapping nozzle. The melting chamber temperature of the smelting furnace is set to 755-800°C, the temperature of the aluminum liquid insulation chamber is set to 750±10°C, and the temperature of the aluminum tapping nozzle is set to ≤740°C; then load the materials;

(2)熔炼过程中,熔炼炉熔化室及保温室每班次清渣一次,熔化室用清渣剂2-4包静置20min后进行清渣;当保温室熔有一定量铝液后,每隔4-5h进行一次除渣工作;保温室中的铝液尽快经转浇包转入精炼炉中精炼;当炉料化平时,向炉内均匀撒入一层覆盖剂,以全面覆盖熔体,所述覆盖剂用量为2.1-2.5Kg/t,炉料全部化平时,开始进行充分搅拌,以加速熔化,并使局部炉料降温防止局部过热;(2) During the smelting process, the melting chamber and the holding chamber of the smelting furnace are cleaned once per shift. The melting chamber is cleaned after 2-4 bags of slag cleaning agent are left to stand for 20 minutes. When a certain amount of aluminum liquid is melted in the holding chamber, the slag removal work is carried out every 4-5 hours. The aluminum liquid in the holding chamber is transferred to the refining furnace through the transfer ladle as soon as possible for refining. When the charge is leveled, a layer of covering agent is evenly sprinkled into the furnace to fully cover the melt. The amount of the covering agent is 2.1-2.5 kg/t. When the charge is completely leveled, it is fully stirred to accelerate melting and cool down the local charge to prevent local overheating.

(3)取样分析后,根据炉前分析结果,在熔炼炉内按合金成分标准进行成分调整,成分合格后方可出炉;成分调整所加入的添加剂必须保证720℃以上的熔化温度和不小于30分钟的熔化时间;(3) After sampling and analysis, the composition is adjusted in the smelting furnace according to the alloy composition standard based on the analysis results before the furnace, and the alloy can be taken out of the furnace only after the composition is qualified; the additives added for composition adjustment must ensure a melting temperature of more than 720°C and a melting time of not less than 30 minutes;

(4)当熔体经过精炼处理,并扒出表面浮渣后,将金属熔体输注到静置炉,转炉时严格控制温度,转炉前充分搅拌熔体,并准确测量熔体温度,转炉熔体温度为755-765℃;转炉后及时清理流口、流槽;(4) After the melt is refined and the surface slag is removed, the molten metal is poured into the static furnace. The temperature is strictly controlled during the converter. The melt is fully stirred before the converter and the melt temperature is accurately measured. The converter melt temperature is 755-765°C. After the converter, the spout and runner are cleaned in time.

(5)停炉前必须清理熔化室和保温室内所有炉渣,使用清渣剂4包静置20min后进行清渣。(5) Before stopping the furnace, all slag in the melting chamber and the holding chamber must be cleaned. Use 4 packs of slag cleaning agent and let it stand for 20 minutes before cleaning the slag.

进一步地,内容(1)中在装料前预先做好准备工作:将所有与铝液直接接触的铁质工具清理干净,并上好涂料后预热烘干;检查确保投料装置上各限位开关、料车位置处于原始位置上。Furthermore, in content (1), preparation work should be done before loading: all iron tools that come into direct contact with the aluminum liquid should be cleaned, and then preheated and dried after coating; and the limit switches and the position of the feeder on the feeding device should be checked to ensure that they are in their original positions.

进一步地,内容(1)中装料操作为:先打开熔化室炉门在熔化室的底部铺上一层铝锭,然后用投料装置进行自动投料;装料时,先装小块或回炉料,铝锭和大块料装在中间,最后装中间合金;熔点易氧化的中间合金装在中下层;所装入的炉料在熔池中均匀分布,防止偏重;投料装车高度低于料车最高位50mm,炉料尽量一次入炉。Furthermore, the charging operation in content (1) is as follows: first open the melting chamber door and place a layer of aluminum ingots on the bottom of the melting chamber, and then use the charging device to automatically charge; when charging, first load small pieces or recycled materials, then load aluminum ingots and large pieces in the middle, and finally load the intermediate alloy; the intermediate alloy with a low melting point and easy oxidation is loaded in the middle and lower layers; the loaded charge is evenly distributed in the molten pool to prevent it from being overweight; the height of the charging car is 50 mm lower than the highest position of the car, and the charge is put into the furnace at one time as much as possible.

进一步地,所述回炉料不采用铸件披缝、毛刺、铝屑及浇包氧化皮。Furthermore, the recycled materials do not use casting seams, burrs, aluminum chips and ladle oxide scale.

进一步地,预先在集中熔炼炉处设置用于对燃料燃烧废气进行收集的集气装置,并在集气装置的排气端设置气体净化装置,在点火前启动集气装置和气体净化装置,以对燃料燃烧产生的废气进行净化处理。Furthermore, a gas collecting device for collecting waste gas from fuel combustion is pre-installed at the centralized smelting furnace, and a gas purification device is installed at the exhaust end of the gas collecting device. The gas collecting device and the gas purification device are started before ignition to purify the waste gas generated by fuel combustion.

进一步地,内容(3)中取样前应加热取样勺,并保证取样勺干净、无破损;取样时的熔体温度为730-760℃,取样前对熔体进行彻底搅拌,以保证成分均匀;取样时用干净的取样勺在靠近熔池中部及熔体深度的中部取炉前快速分析试样。Furthermore, the sampling spoon in content (3) should be heated before sampling, and ensure that the sampling spoon is clean and undamaged; the melt temperature during sampling is 730-760℃, and the melt should be thoroughly stirred before sampling to ensure uniform composition; when sampling, use a clean sampling spoon to quickly analyze the sample near the middle of the molten pool and the middle of the melt depth before taking the furnace.

进一步地,内容(3)中成分调整所加入的添加剂为Fe剂、Mn剂、中间合金Al-Si、中间合金Al-Cu中的至少一种。Furthermore, the additive added for the composition adjustment in content (3) is at least one of Fe agent, Mn agent, intermediate alloy Al-Si, and intermediate alloy Al-Cu.

进一步地,铝液在转入转浇包后,撒入清渣剂,深度搅拌,打出渣灰;精炼温度控制在720~740℃后,再在表面撒入少量清渣剂,进行二次除渣。Furthermore, after the aluminum liquid is transferred into the transfer ladle, a slag removal agent is sprinkled into it, and it is deeply stirred to remove the slag ash; after the refining temperature is controlled at 720-740°C, a small amount of slag removal agent is sprinkled on the surface for secondary slag removal.

进一步地,内容(4)中精炼后停留时间不能太长,等待浇铸的时间不能超过0.5小时,超过0.5h需要重新测氢,合格后才能使用。Furthermore, the residence time after refining in content (4) cannot be too long, and the waiting time for casting cannot exceed 0.5 hours. If it exceeds 0.5 hours, hydrogen testing must be performed again and it can only be used after passing the test.

进一步地,内容(5)中,在停炉前将炉膛内的铝液液位降到很低的位置,炉膛内形成的固态铝的量较少,这样在停炉冷却过程中,熔沟内的热量散失少,熔沟上部的冷却速度不至于过快。Furthermore, in content (5), the aluminum liquid level in the furnace is lowered to a very low level before the furnace is shut down, so that the amount of solid aluminum formed in the furnace is relatively small. In this way, during the cooling process after the furnace is shut down, less heat is lost in the molten groove, and the cooling speed of the upper part of the molten groove is not too fast.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明先点火后装料,对集中熔炼炉先进行预热,可以除去熔炼炉中残留的水分和部分杂质,并且在装料过程中能除去装料带入的水分和部分杂质,减少引发铝产品针孔问题的氢源和杂质来源,从源头上减缓铝产品针孔缺陷问题。The present invention ignites first and then charges, and preheats the centralized smelting furnace first, which can remove residual moisture and some impurities in the smelting furnace, and can remove moisture and some impurities brought into the charge during the charging process, thereby reducing the hydrogen source and impurity source that cause the pinhole problem of aluminum products, and alleviating the pinhole defect problem of aluminum products from the source.

本发明的优化方案中设置用于对燃料燃烧废气进行收集清理的集气装置和气体净化装置,在点火前启动集气装置和气体净化装置,以对燃料燃烧产生的废气进行净化处理,从而能去除燃料燃烧废气带来的氢源和杂质,从而能进一步减少引发铝产品针孔问题的氢源和杂质来源。In the optimized solution of the present invention, a gas collecting device and a gas purification device are provided for collecting and cleaning the exhaust gas from fuel combustion. The gas collecting device and the gas purification device are started before ignition to purify the exhaust gas generated by the fuel combustion, thereby removing the hydrogen source and impurities brought by the exhaust gas from the fuel combustion, thereby further reducing the sources of hydrogen and impurities that cause pinhole problems in aluminum products.

本发明在熔化过程和后续精炼中,进行多次清渣,可减少铝液中的杂质含量;当炉料化平时,向炉内均匀撒入一层覆盖剂,以全面覆盖熔体,可以避免含氢等气体继续与铝液接触,达到避免溶氢增多的效果;当炉料全部化平时,进行充分搅拌,以加速熔化,并使局部炉料降温防止局部过热,也能发挥减少溶氢的效果。The present invention performs multiple slag cleaning in the melting process and subsequent refining, which can reduce the impurity content in the aluminum liquid; when the furnace charge is leveled, a layer of covering agent is evenly sprinkled into the furnace to fully cover the melt, which can prevent the gas containing hydrogen and the like from continuing to contact with the aluminum liquid, thereby achieving the effect of preventing the increase of dissolved hydrogen; when the furnace charge is completely leveled, it is fully stirred to accelerate melting, and the local furnace charge is cooled to prevent local overheating, which can also play the effect of reducing dissolved hydrogen.

本发明的精炼过程中主要进行除气除氢和除杂,去除铝液中大部分引发针孔问题的氢和杂质。结合上述几点,本发明从减少针孔问题引发物来源-减少针孔问题引发物融合到铝液中-去除铝液中的针孔问题引发物 这三个方面来解决铝产品的针孔问题,实现针对铝产品针孔度的多元化控制效果,能够高效保障铝液出料质量,有效解决了集中熔炼炉开炉工艺前期产品针孔度不合格的问题。The refining process of the present invention mainly involves degassing, dehydrogenation and impurity removal, and removes most of the hydrogen and impurities in the aluminum liquid that cause pinhole problems. In combination with the above points, the present invention solves the pinhole problem of aluminum products from three aspects: reducing the source of pinhole problem triggers - reducing the fusion of pinhole problem triggers into aluminum liquid - removing pinhole problem triggers in aluminum liquid, achieving a diversified control effect on the pinhole degree of aluminum products, and being able to efficiently guarantee the quality of aluminum liquid discharge, effectively solving the problem of unqualified pinhole degree of products in the early stage of the centralized smelting furnace opening process.

本发明设定的熔炼炉熔化室温度设定为755-800℃,铝液保温室温度设定为750±10℃,比现有技术中设定温度要高,可以加快铝液熔化速率,并且,本发明通过减少针孔问题引发物来源-减少针孔问题引发物融合到铝液中-去除铝液中的针孔问题引发物 这三个方面的手段,可有效解决由于升温带来的铝液溶氢增多的问题。The melting chamber temperature of the smelting furnace set in the present invention is set to 755-800°C, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid insulation chamber is set to 750±10°C, which are higher than the set temperatures in the prior art and can accelerate the melting rate of the aluminum liquid. In addition, the present invention can effectively solve the problem of increased dissolved hydrogen in the aluminum liquid due to temperature increase by reducing the source of pinhole problem initiators - reducing the fusion of pinhole problem initiators into the aluminum liquid - removing the pinhole problem initiators in the aluminum liquid through three means.

以下将结合附图与具体的实施例对本发明进行详细的解释说明。The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明的工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了便于理解本发明,下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更加全面的描述,附图中给出了本发明的若干实施例,但是本发明可以通过不同的形式来实现,并不限于文本所描述的实施例,相反的,提供这些实施例是为了使对本发明公开的内容更加透彻全面。To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the content disclosed in the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固设于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上也可以存在居中的元件,当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件,本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only.

除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常连接的含义相同,本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语知识为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明,本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly connected by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terminology used in the specification of the present invention is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and/or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

实施例1Example 1

请参阅附图1,一种铝液浇铸产品的生产工艺包括如下开炉工艺:Please refer to Figure 1, a production process of aluminum liquid casting products includes the following furnace opening process:

点火工作:首先打开天然气、高压空气的总阀,并确认天然气、高压空气的压力是否正常。合上各电源开关,打开燃烧风机,待燃烧风机压力正常后,打开燃烧器,点火前务必把两个炉门打开;Ignition work: First open the main valve of natural gas and high-pressure air, and confirm whether the pressure of natural gas and high-pressure air is normal. Close the power switches, turn on the combustion fan, and after the combustion fan pressure is normal, turn on the burner. Be sure to open both furnace doors before ignition;

点火时先送风后给油,停火时必须先停油后停风,顺序不能颠倒,在给油点火过程中,炉门前方不准站人或操作。炉子从冷态升温时,先在炉内点燃木柴或油棉纱等火种,然后再送风给油,严禁先给油后点火,每次点火失败后应首先关闭油阀,通风吹净炉内油雾后再进行第二次点火操作,先后程序同上。严防程序颠倒,避免造成炉子爆燃发生烧伤。点火成功后,调整好燃烧器的火焰和风油比,使火焰正常,燃烧充分。When igniting, supply air first and then supply oil. When stopping the fire, stop the oil first and then stop the air. The order cannot be reversed. During the process of oil supply and ignition, no one is allowed to stand or operate in front of the furnace door. When the furnace is heated from cold, first light firewood or oil cotton yarn in the furnace, and then supply air and oil. It is strictly forbidden to supply oil first and then ignite. After each ignition failure, the oil valve should be closed first, and the oil mist in the furnace should be blown clean by ventilation before the second ignition operation. The order is the same as above. Prevent the procedure from being reversed to avoid burns caused by the furnace explosion. After the ignition is successful, adjust the flame and air-oil ratio of the burner to make the flame normal and burn fully.

装料前准备:所有与铝液直接接触的铁质工具使用前须清理干净,并上好涂料后预热烘干。设定熔炼炉熔化室温度、铝液保温室温度及放铝水口温度。所述熔炼炉熔化室温度设定为755-800℃,铝液保温室温度设定为750±10℃,放铝水口温度≤740℃。检查确保投料装置上各限位开关、料车位置处于原始位置上。Preparation before loading: All iron tools that come into direct contact with aluminum liquid must be cleaned before use, and preheated and dried after coating. Set the melting chamber temperature of the smelting furnace, the temperature of the aluminum liquid insulation chamber, and the temperature of the aluminum water outlet. The melting chamber temperature of the smelting furnace is set to 755-800℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid insulation chamber is set to 750±10℃, and the temperature of the aluminum water outlet is ≤740℃. Check to ensure that the limit switches and the position of the feeder on the feeding device are in the original position.

装料:投料之前,打开熔化室炉门用人工方式在熔化室的底部铺上一层铝锭,目的在于保护炉底的耐火材料,然后用投料装置进行自动投料。正确的装料要根据所加入炉料性质与状态而定,而且还应考虑到最快的熔化速度,最少的烧损以及准确的化学成分控制。装料时,先装小块或回炉料(铸件披缝、毛刺、铝屑及浇包氧化皮等不得作为回炉料使用),铝锭和大块料装在中间,最后装中间合金。熔点易氧化的中间合金装在中下层。所装入的炉料应当在熔池中均匀分布,防止偏重。小块或回炉料装在熔池下层,这样可减少烧损,同时还可以保护炉体免受大块料的直接冲击而损坏。中间合金有的熔点高,如Al-Ni和Al-Mn合金的熔点为750-800℃,装在上层,由于炉内上部温度高容易熔化,也有充分的时间扩散,使中间合金分布均匀,则有利于熔体的成分控制;Charging: Before charging, open the furnace door of the melting chamber and manually lay a layer of aluminum ingots on the bottom of the melting chamber to protect the refractory material at the bottom of the furnace, and then use the charging device to automatically charge. The correct charging depends on the nature and state of the added charge, and should also take into account the fastest melting speed, the least burning loss and accurate chemical composition control. When charging, first load small pieces or recycled materials (casting seams, burrs, aluminum chips and ladle oxide scales, etc. shall not be used as recycled materials), aluminum ingots and large pieces in the middle, and finally the master alloy. The master alloy with a melting point that is easy to oxidize is loaded in the middle and lower layers. The loaded charge should be evenly distributed in the molten pool to prevent eccentricity. Small pieces or recycled materials are loaded in the lower layer of the molten pool, which can reduce burning loss and protect the furnace body from direct impact and damage by large pieces. Some master alloys have high melting points, such as Al-Ni and Al-Mn alloys, which have melting points of 750-800℃. They are placed in the upper layer. Since the temperature in the upper part of the furnace is high, it is easy to melt and there is sufficient time for diffusion, so that the master alloy is evenly distributed, which is conducive to the composition control of the melt.

投料装车高度应该低于料车最高位50mm。炉料装平,可使得各处熔化速度相差不多,这样可以防止偏重造成的局部金属过热。炉料应尽量一次入炉,二次或多次加料会增加非金属夹杂物及含气量。The loading height should be 50mm lower than the highest position of the loading car. If the charge is loaded flat, the melting speed of each part will be similar, which can prevent local metal overheating caused by excessive weight. The charge should be put into the furnace at one time as much as possible. Adding the charge twice or more times will increase non-metallic inclusions and gas content.

熔炼:熔炼炉熔化室及保温室每班次清渣一次,熔化室用清渣剂2-4包静置20min后进行清渣。当保温室熔有一定量铝液后,每隔4-5h进行一次除渣工作。保温室中的铝液尽快经转浇包转入精炼炉中精炼;熔炼过程中,当炉料化平时,向炉内均匀撒入一层覆盖剂,以全面覆盖熔体,所述覆盖剂用量为2.1-2.5Kg/t。炉料全部化平时,开始进行充分搅拌,以加速熔化,并使局部炉料降温防止局部过热;Melting: The melting chamber and holding chamber of the smelting furnace are deslagging once per shift. The melting chamber is deslagging after 2-4 packs of deslagging agent are left standing for 20 minutes. When a certain amount of aluminum liquid is melted in the holding chamber, deslagging is performed every 4-5 hours. The aluminum liquid in the holding chamber is transferred to the refining furnace through the transfer ladle as soon as possible for refining; during the smelting process, when the charge is leveled, a layer of covering agent is evenly sprinkled into the furnace to fully cover the melt. The amount of the covering agent is 2.1-2.5Kg/t. When all the charge is leveled, start to stir it fully to accelerate melting, and cool down the local charge to prevent local overheating;

取样前应加热取样勺,并保证取样勺干净、无破损。取样时的熔体温度730-760℃,取样前要对熔体进行彻底搅拌,以保证成分均匀。试样必须具有代表性,取样时用干净的取样勺在靠近熔池中部及熔体深度的中部取炉前快速分析试样。根据炉前分析结果,在熔炼炉内按合金成分标准进行成分调整,成分合格后方可出炉。成分调整所加入的添加剂,如Fe剂、Mn剂,中间合金Al-Si、Al-Cu等,必须保证720℃以上且不小于30分钟的熔化时间;The sampling spoon should be heated before sampling, and ensure that the sampling spoon is clean and undamaged. The melt temperature during sampling is 730-760℃. The melt should be thoroughly stirred before sampling to ensure uniform composition. The sample must be representative. When sampling, use a clean sampling spoon to quickly analyze the sample in front of the furnace near the middle of the molten pool and the middle of the melt depth. According to the results of the pre-furnace analysis, the composition is adjusted according to the alloy composition standard in the smelting furnace, and it can only be taken out of the furnace after the composition is qualified. Additives added for composition adjustment, such as Fe agent, Mn agent, intermediate alloys Al-Si, Al-Cu, etc., must ensure a melting time of more than 720℃ and not less than 30 minutes;

铝合金熔炼过程要对铝液进行变质处理,变质处理在精炼前进行,铝液从熔化炉转入转浇包前,在炉底加入变质剂,以合金的方式加入,不直接加入变质元素,常用铝锶合金杆作为变质剂。Sr为长效变质剂,变质时间可持续6~8h,使得粗大片状硅细化,成为细小组织,进一步改善机械性能,这种变质效果比在熔炼炉里加入进行变质效果好,可以减少烧损及衰退。Sr在炉底融化后,利用旋转除气机进行搅拌均匀,减轻偏析,Sr变质后的铝液吸氢比较快,产生针孔多。The aluminum alloy smelting process requires the aluminum liquid to be modified. The modification is carried out before refining. Before the aluminum liquid is transferred from the melting furnace to the transfer ladle, a modifier is added to the bottom of the furnace. It is added in the form of an alloy, and the modifier element is not added directly. Aluminum strontium alloy rods are often used as modifiers. Sr is a long-term modifier, and the modification time can last for 6 to 8 hours, which makes the coarse flaky silicon refined into fine tissues, further improving the mechanical properties. This modification effect is better than the modification effect added in the melting furnace, which can reduce burning and decay. After Sr is melted at the bottom of the furnace, it is stirred evenly by a rotary degasser to reduce segregation. The aluminum liquid after Sr modification absorbs hydrogen faster and produces more pinholes.

精炼:铝液在转入转浇包后,撒入清渣剂,深度搅拌,打出渣灰。测量铝液温度是否能达到精炼温度,温度过高,需要加入回炉材料降温,温度较低需通电升温,所述精炼温度控制在720~740℃。直到调整合格后再在表面撒入少量清渣剂,除气精炼主要是除气除氢,由于第一次深度搅拌已经除去大部分夹渣,但内部还有少量铝渣,所以第二次撒入少量清渣剂,对铝渣进行清除。Refining: After the aluminum liquid is transferred to the transfer ladle, sprinkle the slag remover, stir deeply, and beat out the slag ash. Measure whether the aluminum liquid temperature can reach the refining temperature. If the temperature is too high, it is necessary to add recycled materials to cool it down. If the temperature is too low, it is necessary to power on to heat it up. The refining temperature is controlled at 720-740℃. After the adjustment is qualified, sprinkle a small amount of slag remover on the surface. Degassing refining is mainly for degassing and dehydrogenation. Since most of the slag inclusions have been removed by the first deep stirring, but there is still a small amount of aluminum slag inside, a small amount of slag remover is sprinkled in the second time to remove the aluminum slag.

转炉:当熔体经过精炼处理,并扒出表面浮渣后,待温度合适时,即可将金属熔体输注到静置炉,以便准备铸造。精炼后停留时间不能太长,等待浇铸的时间不能超过0.5小时,超过0.5h需要重新测氢,合格后才能使用;Converter: After the melt is refined and the surface slag is removed, when the temperature is appropriate, the molten metal can be poured into the static furnace to prepare for casting. The residence time after refining cannot be too long, and the waiting time for casting cannot exceed 0.5 hours. If it exceeds 0.5 hours, hydrogen needs to be re-tested and it can only be used after passing the test;

转炉时要严格控制温度,转炉前要充分搅拌熔体,并准确测量熔体温度,测量电偶应放在熔体深度的中下部进行测量,转炉熔体温度755-765℃。转炉前要检查倒炉流槽的密封状况;转炉过程控制好液面高度,避免铝液外溢。转炉后要及时清理流口、流槽。The temperature should be strictly controlled during the converter. The melt should be fully stirred before the converter and the melt temperature should be accurately measured. The measuring couple should be placed in the middle and lower part of the melt depth for measurement. The converter melt temperature is 755-765℃. Before the converter, the sealing condition of the pouring furnace launder should be checked; the liquid level should be controlled during the converter to avoid aluminum liquid overflow. After the converter, the launder and launder should be cleaned in time.

停炉:停炉前必须清理熔化室和保温室内所有炉渣,使用清渣剂4包静置20min后进行清渣。对于部分大块结渣,升温到850℃后进行清渣。停炉后要关闭炉门和出料口等易泄漏热量的出口,最好烟道阀门也关闭。在停炉时将炉膛内的铝液液位降到很低的位置,炉膛内形成的固态铝的量较少,这样在停炉冷却过程中,熔沟内的热量散失少,熔沟上部的冷却速度不至于过快。Shutdown: Before stopping the furnace, all slag in the melting chamber and the insulation chamber must be cleaned. Use 4 packs of slag remover and let it stand for 20 minutes before cleaning. For some large pieces of slag, the slag should be cleaned after the temperature reaches 850℃. After stopping the furnace, the furnace door and discharge port and other outlets that are prone to heat leakage should be closed. It is best to close the flue valve as well. When stopping the furnace, the aluminum liquid level in the furnace is lowered to a very low position, and the amount of solid aluminum formed in the furnace is small. In this way, during the cooling process of stopping the furnace, less heat is lost in the melting groove, and the cooling speed of the upper part of the melting groove will not be too fast.

与原工艺相比,本实施例中铝液在开炉后前期熔炼的铝液浇铸的产品针孔度就。每次开炉前期熔炼的铝液浇铸的产品针孔度就<2级,开炉全过程熔炼的铝液浇铸的产品都合格。Compared with the original process, the pinhole degree of the products cast by the aluminum liquid in the present embodiment after the furnace is opened is less than level 2 each time the aluminum liquid is cast in the early stage of the furnace opening, and the products cast by the aluminum liquid during the whole process of the furnace opening are qualified.

实施例2Example 2

本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

预先在集中熔炼炉处设置用于对燃料燃烧废气进行收集的集气装置,并在集气装置的排气端设置气体净化装置,在点火前启动集气装置和气体净化装置,以对燃料燃烧产生的废气进行净化处理。A gas collecting device for collecting waste gas from fuel combustion is pre-installed at the centralized smelting furnace, and a gas purification device is installed at the exhaust end of the gas collecting device. The gas collecting device and the gas purification device are started before ignition to purify the waste gas generated by fuel combustion.

其它同实施例1。The rest is the same as in Example 1.

上述结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述,显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制,只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的这种非实质改进,或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其他场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is an exemplary description of the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned method. As long as such non-substantial improvements are made by adopting the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the concept and technical solution of the present invention are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the open process of a centralized smelting furnace is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, igniting, and setting the temperature of a melting chamber of a smelting furnace, the temperature of an aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber and the temperature of an aluminum discharge nozzle, wherein the temperature of the melting chamber of the smelting furnace is set to 755-800 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid heat preservation chamber is set to 750+/-10 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum discharge nozzle is set to be less than or equal to 740 ℃; recharging;
(2) In the smelting process, slag is removed once per shift in a smelting chamber and a heat preservation chamber of the smelting furnace, and slag removal is carried out after 2-4 bags of slag remover are used for the smelting chamber and are kept stand for 20 min; when a certain amount of aluminum liquid is melted in the heat preservation chamber, deslagging is carried out every 4-5 hours; transferring the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation chamber into a refining furnace for refining as soon as possible through a transfer ladle; when the furnace burden is melted, uniformly scattering a layer of covering agent into the furnace to cover the melt on the whole surface, wherein the dosage of the covering agent is 2.1-2.5Kg/t, and when the furnace burden is melted on the whole surface, the furnace burden starts to be fully stirred so as to accelerate the melting, and the local furnace burden is cooled to prevent local overheating;
(3) After sampling analysis, according to the analysis result in front of the furnace, carrying out component adjustment in the smelting furnace according to the alloy component standard, and discharging after the components are qualified; the additives added for ingredient adjustment must ensure a melting temperature above 720 ℃ and a melting time of not less than 30 minutes;
(4) When the melt is subjected to refining treatment and surface scum is scraped off, the metal melt is infused into a standing furnace, the temperature is strictly controlled during the converter, the melt is fully stirred before the converter, the temperature of the melt is accurately measured, and the temperature of the melt in the converter is 755-765 ℃; timely cleaning a flow port and a launder after the converter;
(5) All slag in the melting chamber and the holding chamber must be cleaned before the furnace is shut down.
2. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the content (1) is ready for preparation before loading: cleaning all iron tools in direct contact with the aluminum liquid, and preheating and drying after coating; checking to ensure that the positions of limit switches and skip cars on the feeding device are at original positions.
3. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loading operation of the content (1) is as follows: firstly, opening a furnace door of a melting chamber, paving a layer of aluminum ingot at the bottom of the melting chamber, and then, automatically feeding by using a feeding device; when the material is filled, small blocks or furnace returns are firstly filled, an aluminum ingot and a large block are filled in the middle, and finally, intermediate alloy is filled; the intermediate alloy with the melting point easy to oxidize is arranged on the middle lower layer; the charged furnace burden is uniformly distributed in the molten pool, so that the weight deviation is prevented; the height of the charging and loading vehicle is 50mm lower than the highest position of the skip car, and the furnace burden is charged as once as possible.
4. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the furnace return material does not adopt casting shawl, burrs, aluminum scraps and ladle oxide skin.
5. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: heating the sampling spoon before sampling in the content (3), and ensuring that the sampling spoon is clean and free from damage; the temperature of the melt during sampling is 730-760 ℃, and the melt is thoroughly stirred before sampling to ensure that the components are uniform; during sampling, a clean sampling spoon is used for rapidly analyzing a sample before taking the furnace at the middle part close to the middle part of the molten pool and the melt depth.
6. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the additive added for component adjustment in the content (3) is at least one of Fe agent, mn agent, intermediate alloy Al-Si and intermediate alloy Al-Cu.
7. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the aluminum liquid is transferred into a rotary casting ladle, a slag remover is scattered, and slag ash is discharged after deep stirring; and after the refining temperature is controlled to be 720-740 ℃, a small amount of slag remover is scattered on the surface to carry out secondary slag removal.
8. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the residence time after refining in the content (4) cannot be too long, the time waiting for casting cannot exceed 0.5 hour, the hydrogen is required to be re-detected for more than 0.5 hour, and the alloy can be used after being qualified.
9. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the content (1), a gas collecting device for collecting fuel combustion exhaust gas is arranged at a centralized smelting furnace in advance, a gas purifying device is arranged at an exhaust end of the gas collecting device, and the gas collecting device and the gas purifying device are started before ignition so as to purify the exhaust gas generated by fuel combustion.
10. A method of improving a furnace opening process of a centralized smelting furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in item (5), the level of aluminum in the furnace is lowered to a very low level prior to the shutdown, and the amount of solid aluminum formed in the furnace is small.
CN202311765783.8A 2023-12-21 2023-12-21 Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace Pending CN117824357A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311765783.8A CN117824357A (en) 2023-12-21 2023-12-21 Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311765783.8A CN117824357A (en) 2023-12-21 2023-12-21 Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117824357A true CN117824357A (en) 2024-04-05

Family

ID=90520064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311765783.8A Pending CN117824357A (en) 2023-12-21 2023-12-21 Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117824357A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TW434061B (en) Furnace for melting aluminum block and holding the melt
TWI480378B (en) Flexible minimum energy utilization electric arc furnace system and processes for making steel products
CN105861775B (en) Smelting process method of high-nickel-content ultra-low-phosphorus steel
CN101921934A (en) High-performance uniformity aluminium alloy ingot and production method thereof
US4736383A (en) Method for melting scrap or other materials and apparatus for implementing the method
MX2014006370A (en) Method for processing starting materials for recycling.
CN107739855A (en) A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material
Toulouevski et al. Fuel arc furnace (FAF) for effective scrap melting: from EAF to FAF
CN201583139U (en) Smelting furnace group capable of efficiently and continuously producing reborn aluminium alloy
CN112342414A (en) 6101B aluminium alloy casting production process
JP3830900B2 (en) Method and apparatus for performing carbon-based metallurgy
CN117824357A (en) Method for improving furnace opening process of centralized smelting furnace
CN100535142C (en) Process for production of casting aluminium silicon alloy and device thereof
JP3092083B2 (en) Preheating apparatus and preheating method for iron scrap
CN108203768A (en) A kind of auto parts pack alloy smelting technology
CN115308071A (en) Method for rapidly measuring water yield of small bulk material scrap steel
CN104928508A (en) Aluminium alloy melting technology
CN108588435B (en) A technological method for improving the online recovery rate of regenerated waste miscellaneous aluminum melting ash
JP2001181727A (en) Method for monitoring condition in electric furnace
CN116083763B (en) Aluminum alloy for contact network and gravity casting and heat treatment method thereof
CN113621839A (en) Aluminum alloy production casting process based on energy conservation and environmental protection
US1554367A (en) Process and apparatus for making steel
CN106756099A (en) A kind of smelting technology of aluminium bar
US4350324A (en) Method of removal of slag deposits from the bottom of a furnace
RU199207U1 (en) Multifunctional laboratory electric resistance furnace

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination