CN107739855A - A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material - Google Patents
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107739855A CN107739855A CN201710885905.5A CN201710885905A CN107739855A CN 107739855 A CN107739855 A CN 107739855A CN 201710885905 A CN201710885905 A CN 201710885905A CN 107739855 A CN107739855 A CN 107739855A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material, comprise the following steps：The preparation of S1, coverture and flux；The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument；S3, the preparation of metal charge；S4, add material；S5, element are added；S6, stirring reaction；S7, come out of the stove.The present invention can strengthen the fusion process of material, shorten melting cycle, improve production efficiency；Alloy oxidation loss can be reduced, reduces alloy volatilization loss, eliminates flame combustible loss；Metal casting yield can be improved with the impurity element and gas inclusions in efficient removal alloy；By making low viscosity, powdery, dryness slag, clinker is significantly reduced to skim metal loss, cancel charcoal covering, reduce the 25kg/t copper of charcoal consumption 20, it can be reduced environmental pollution using the technology, improve work situation, cancel environmental protection equipment investment and place takes, reduce investment in fixed assets and equipment operating cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to copper weld pool technical field, more particularly to a kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material.
Background technology
" Wang Biwen, Copper fabrication branch of China YouSe metal industry association,《Copper alloy condenser pipe market survey is reported》,
In June, 2007 ", it the article pointed out during smelting copper alloy, metal loss is the main composition item of founding cost.It is first with the world
Enter level to compare, China's Copper fabrication metal loss still suffers from certain gap.At present, China averagely often produces one ton of Copper fabrication material
Metal loss level is in 50kg or so, and the metal loss of international most advanced level is higher by international most advanced level in 20kg or so
150%。
Traditional copper and smelting copper alloy generally use one layer of fire resisting atmospheric processes condition melting of air atmosphere, are melted in alloy
During refining, the metal such as low melting point, Volatile Elements phosphorus, lead, tin, cadmium, magnesium, zinc is by aoxidizing, volatilizing, flame burning cause it is big
The metal loss of amount.The oxidizable element such as tin, aluminium, beryllium, silicon, manganese, zirconium, chromium, cadmium, magnesium, phosphorus, lead, nickel, iron, by aoxidizing and making
The links such as slag cause substantial amounts of metal loss, are the main reason for China's Copper fabrication metal loss are horizontal high.
" Jiang Sheming, the 8th China YouSe metallic copper, lead zinc industrial chain development forum, it is advanced that Chinese steel grinds scientific and technological group
Metal material Tu Du national engineering laboratories,《Present situation, development and the demand to zinc of China's Coated Steel Sheet steel plate》, 2012
In April ", it the article pointed out in all copper alloy kinds, brass is copper alloy most important, most widely used, that dosage is maximum.Gold
It is the most important alloying element of brass alloys to belong to zinc, and by taking H59, H62 brass alloys as an example, its nominal Zn content is respectively in 41% He
38% or so.Zinc is the most important alloying element of packfong, in most bell metals, also containing substantial amounts of alloying element zinc.I
State's zinc yield in 2012 at 3,900,000 tons, wherein, have 17% metallic zinc（About 66.3 ten thousand tons）Alloying element for copper alloy.
The proportioning process to be passed through according to Copper fabrication enterprise of China, blending process consider that the oxidization burning loss of metallic zinc is 8% 1 layer of fire resisting 12%
（Average 10%）Calculate, the annual metallic zinc for copper alloy production is 66.3 ten thousand tons, because aoxidizing, volatilizing, scaling loss, slag making
Caused by metallic zinc loss be 6.63 ten thousand tons, be the main reason for China Copper fabrication metal loss is horizontal high.
Traditional brass alloys melting, generally using under atmospheric environment, normal pressure operating mode, low temperature zincification melting process.Zinc
Chemical property is active, in air at normal temperatures, the thin and compact basic zinc carbonate film of one layer of flame retardant coating of Surface Creation, can prevent
Enter one layer of fire resisting step oxidation.After temperature reaches 225 °C, that is, the oxidation reaction of fierceness occurs.The fusing point of zinc is only 419.5 °C,
907 °C of boiling point, and the fusing point of copper is 1083.5 °C, 2595 °C of boiling point.The fusing point of two kinds of metals differs 664 °C, boiling point difference
1488°C.So-called low temperature zincification technique, at 1150 °C or so as one layer of fire resisting of operation temperature, zinc is certainly existed during zincification
Vigorous oxidation, rapid vaporization, produce substantial amounts of oxidation and volatilization loss." Zhong Weijia, Ma Keding, Wu Weizhi, copper processing techniques are real
With handbook, metallurgical industry publishing house, 2 months 2007, Beijing, P316 " is middle to be introduced, and in melting ledrite, is covered using coal gas
Under conditions of lid protection, metal volatilization loss is 0.48%, and the finished product rate for considering ledrite production is 75%, only founding process
Metal volatilizing loss i.e. reach 6.4 kilograms.
The metal loss easily caused in existing smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material fusion process, only to Mock platina
Flame smelting technology improved, do not consider yet oxidization burning loss, volatilization loss, slag making loss to smelting metal loss shadow
Ring, the very low without flame melting, production efficiency of Mock platina can only be realized by low temperature.
For this we have proposed a kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material, for solving the above problems.
The content of the invention
Based on technical problem existing for background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material
Method.
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 100-150 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 500-550 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first
Criticizing black furnace fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal that a layer thickness is about 30-50mm increasing misfortune bottom
Or coverture (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200-1220 DEG C, addition accounts for alloy
Liquid weight 0.3%-0.4% phosphor-copper deoxidation, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy
Go out, cupric phosphate can float on liquid level, removal of skimming, and reach the purpose of deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1100-1200 DEG C.
Preferably, in the S1, coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to dry and remove therein
Debris.
Preferably, in the S6, after heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, addition accounts for
The phosphor-copper deoxidation of aluminium alloy weight 0.3%, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy
Go out, cupric phosphate can float on liquid level, removal of skimming, and reach the purpose of deoxidation.In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation.
Preferably, in the S7, the aluminium alloy that melting finishes first pours into a mould air content sample, and specimen surface is scraped off with plank
Oxide skin sees the situation of change on its surface, if there is slight tear the smooth or slight recessed, middle part of specimen surface, surface is in
Grey black simultaneously has irregular elephant skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, and aluminium alloy is qualified；If position projection is asked in specimen surface, or
There is snuff shape torn grain centre, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is bad, and aluminium alloy is unqualified, it is necessary to rejoins appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation row
Gas or scarfing cinder.Bent angle sample is poured into a mould again after aluminium alloy is qualified, when being cooled to 300 DEG C or so (the complete blackening of specimen surface)
Hardening, then knock off and see its fracture macro tissue, qualified fracture is smooth in brick-red, and tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, segregation-free
And slag inclusion, bent angle is fractureed more than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material is qualified, can be with pouring cast part.If fracture coarse grains,
Brick-red quantity is seldom, and color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up, shows that deoxidation is not thorough, and it is thorough to add appropriate pure zinc
Bottom deoxidation, foundry test, is poured into a mould after qualified again.
In the present invention,（1）The control of smelting time since charging start to fusing terminate alloy come out of the stove used in the time cry fusing
Time, the length of fusing time can not only influence productivity ratio, and can significantly influence the casting quality of cast.Because during fusing
Between extend, the melting loss of alloying element can be made increase, the increase of the chance of air-breathing, therefore, fusing should be completed with the most short time
Work, in the case of permission, the preheating temperature of furnace charge is improved as far as possible, operation should be compact, and action is rapid；（2）Melting is with stirring
Mix some elements in bar copper alloy, as iron, lead etc. fusing when be in the form of mechanical impurity existing for, also some member
Element, because density is different, there is the trend for producing gravity segregation layering.It was verified that process of these elements in melting and cast
In, easily cause chemical composition and mechanical property unqualified.Overcome this phenomenon, it is necessary to which, by the effect of stirring, this is molten
Change and pour into a mould indispensable link.But during thermometric and cooling, typically without stirring for, and the material composition of stirring thing used,
Graphite is preferably typically used, because, if using other stirring things such as iron staff, iron staff melts during stirring, meeting
The chemical composition of alloy is set to be affected.Meanwhile if the temperature that is preheated in stove of iron staff is higher or the time of stirring is longer, iron
If the temperature that the oxide on rod can enter in people's aluminium alloy to turn into the preheating of impurity iron staff is relatively low, alloy will be adhered in stirring
On iron staff, this be in production it is observed that；（3）The use of coverture is for smelting copper alloy during melting, coverture
Dosage be generally with glass and borax when be charging weight 0.8%-1.2%, to keep the thickness of coating to reach 10-
15cm；During with charcoal, dosage is about the 0.5-0.7% of charging weight, to keep overburden cover to reach 25-35cm.Coverture is taken off
Except being carried out typically before cast, too early oxidation and the air-breathing that can increase copper alloy.If make coverture, and pushing off the slag with charcoal
When effect is good, coverture can not also be removed, it is played pushing off the slag effect during cast, effect is even more ideal.
Using the method for smelting of the present invention, the fusion process of material can be strengthened, shorten melting cycle, improve production effect
Rate；Alloy oxidation loss can be reduced, reduces alloy volatilization loss, eliminates flame combustible loss；Can be with efficient removal alloy
Impurity element and gas inclusions, improve metal casting yield；By making low viscosity, powdery, dryness slag, significantly reduce clinker and take off
Slag metal loss, cancel charcoal covering, reduce charcoal consumption 20-25kg/t copper, can be reduced environmental pollution, changed using the technology
Kind work situation, cancels environmental protection equipment investment and place takes, and reduces investment in fixed assets and equipment operating cost.
Embodiment
The present invention is made with reference to specific embodiment further to explain.
Embodiment one
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%, and coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to
Dry and remove debris therein；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 100 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 500 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first batch of cold
Stove fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal or cover that a layer thickness is about 30mm increasing misfortune bottom
Lid agent (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, addition accounts for aluminium alloy weight
The phosphor-copper deoxidation of amount 0.3%, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy, cupric phosphate
Liquid level can be floated on, removal of skimming, reach the purpose of deoxidation.In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1100 DEG C；The aluminium alloy that melting finishes first is poured into a mould
Air content sample, the oxide skin that specimen surface is scraped off with plank sees the situation of change on its surface, if specimen surface is smooth or light
There is slight tear micro- recessed, middle part, and surface is in grey black and has irregular elephant skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, aluminium alloy
It is qualified；If being asked in specimen surface, position projection, or centre have snuff shape torn grain, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is bad, and aluminium alloy is not
It is qualified, it is necessary to rejoin appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation exhaust or scarfing cinder.Pour into a mould bent angle sample again after aluminium alloy is qualified, treat cold
But to (the complete blackening of specimen surface) hardening at 300 DEG C or so, then knock off and see its fracture macro tissue, qualified fracture is smooth
In brick-red, tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, segregation-free and slag inclusion, fractures bent angle more than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material
It is qualified, can be with pouring cast part.If fracture coarse grains, brick-red quantity is seldom, and color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up,
Show that deoxidation is not thorough, add the appropriate thorough deoxidation of pure zinc, again foundry test, poured into a mould after qualified.
Embodiment two
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%, and coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to
Dry and remove debris therein；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 110 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 510 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first batch of cold
Stove fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal or cover that a layer thickness is about 35mm increasing misfortune bottom
Lid agent (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, addition accounts for aluminium alloy weight
The phosphor-copper deoxidation of amount 0.3%, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy, cupric phosphate
Liquid level can be floated on, removal of skimming, reach the purpose of deoxidation.In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1120 DEG C；The aluminium alloy that melting finishes first is poured into a mould
Air content sample, the oxide skin that specimen surface is scraped off with plank sees the situation of change on its surface, if specimen surface is smooth or light
There is slight tear micro- recessed, middle part, and surface is in grey black and has irregular elephant skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, aluminium alloy
It is qualified；If being asked in specimen surface, position projection, or centre have snuff shape torn grain, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is bad, and aluminium alloy is not
It is qualified, it is necessary to rejoin appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation exhaust or scarfing cinder.Pour into a mould bent angle sample again after aluminium alloy is qualified, treat cold
But to (the complete blackening of specimen surface) hardening at 300 DEG C or so, then knock off and see its fracture macro tissue, qualified fracture is smooth
In brick-red, tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, segregation-free and slag inclusion, fractures bent angle more than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material
It is qualified, can be with pouring cast part.If fracture coarse grains, brick-red quantity is seldom, and color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up,
Show that deoxidation is not thorough, add the appropriate thorough deoxidation of pure zinc, again foundry test, poured into a mould after qualified.
Embodiment three
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%, and coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to
Dry and remove debris therein；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 120 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 520 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first batch of cold
Stove fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal or cover that a layer thickness is about 40mm increasing misfortune bottom
Lid agent (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, addition accounts for aluminium alloy weight
The phosphor-copper deoxidation of amount 0.3%, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy, cupric phosphate
Liquid level can be floated on, removal of skimming, reach the purpose of deoxidation.In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1140 DEG C；The aluminium alloy that melting finishes first is poured into a mould
Air content sample, the oxide skin that specimen surface is scraped off with plank sees the situation of change on its surface, if specimen surface is smooth or light
There is slight tear micro- recessed, middle part, and surface is in grey black and has irregular elephant skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, aluminium alloy
It is qualified；If being asked in specimen surface, position projection, or centre have snuff shape torn grain, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is bad, and aluminium alloy is not
It is qualified, it is necessary to rejoin appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation exhaust or scarfing cinder.Pour into a mould bent angle sample again after aluminium alloy is qualified, treat cold
But to (the complete blackening of specimen surface) hardening at 300 DEG C or so, then knock off and see its fracture macro tissue, qualified fracture is smooth
In brick-red, tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, segregation-free and slag inclusion, fractures bent angle more than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material
It is qualified, can be with pouring cast part.If fracture coarse grains, brick-red quantity is seldom, and color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up,
Show that deoxidation is not thorough, add the appropriate thorough deoxidation of pure zinc, again foundry test, poured into a mould after qualified.
Example IV
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%, and coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to
Dry and remove debris therein；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 130 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 530 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first batch of cold
Stove fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal or cover that a layer thickness is about 45mm increasing misfortune bottom
Lid agent (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, addition accounts for aluminium alloy weight
The phosphor-copper deoxidation of amount 0.3%, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy, cupric phosphate
Liquid level can be floated on, removal of skimming, reach the purpose of deoxidation.In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1160 DEG C；The aluminium alloy that melting finishes first is poured into a mould
Air content sample, the oxide skin that specimen surface is scraped off with plank sees the situation of change on its surface, if specimen surface is smooth or light
There is slight tear micro- recessed, middle part, and surface is in grey black and has irregular elephant skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, aluminium alloy
It is qualified；If being asked in specimen surface, position projection, or centre have snuff shape torn grain, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is bad, and aluminium alloy is not
It is qualified, it is necessary to rejoin appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation exhaust or scarfing cinder.Pour into a mould bent angle sample again after aluminium alloy is qualified, treat cold
But to (the complete blackening of specimen surface) hardening at 300 DEG C or so, then knock off and see its fracture macro tissue, qualified fracture is smooth
In brick-red, tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, segregation-free and slag inclusion, fractures bent angle more than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material
It is qualified, can be with pouring cast part.If fracture coarse grains, brick-red quantity is seldom, and color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up,
Show that deoxidation is not thorough, add the appropriate thorough deoxidation of pure zinc, again foundry test, poured into a mould after qualified.
Embodiment five
A kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%, and coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to
Dry and remove debris therein；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 150 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 550 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first batch of cold
Stove fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal or cover that a layer thickness is about 50mm increasing misfortune bottom
Lid agent (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, addition accounts for aluminium alloy weight
The phosphor-copper deoxidation of amount 0.3%, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy, cupric phosphate
Liquid level can be floated on, removal of skimming, reach the purpose of deoxidation.In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1200 DEG C；The aluminium alloy that melting finishes first is poured into a mould
Air content sample, the oxide skin that specimen surface is scraped off with plank sees the situation of change on its surface, if specimen surface is smooth or light
There is slight tear micro- recessed, middle part, and surface is in grey black and has irregular elephant skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, aluminium alloy
It is qualified；If being asked in specimen surface, position projection, or centre have snuff shape torn grain, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is bad, and aluminium alloy is not
It is qualified, it is necessary to rejoin appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation exhaust or scarfing cinder.Pour into a mould bent angle sample again after aluminium alloy is qualified, treat cold
But to (the complete blackening of specimen surface) hardening at 300 DEG C or so, then knock off and see its fracture macro tissue, qualified fracture is smooth
In brick-red, tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, segregation-free and slag inclusion, fractures bent angle more than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material
It is qualified, can be with pouring cast part.If fracture coarse grains, brick-red quantity is seldom, and color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up,
Show that deoxidation is not thorough, add the appropriate thorough deoxidation of pure zinc, again foundry test, poured into a mould after qualified.
Points for attention in operating process of the present invention：
First, operator should dress protective articles, and work-yard keeps clean and tidy, is not allow for ponding and debris.
2nd, it should check whether device therefor is intact before blow-on, should be excluded in time if any unsafe factor.
3rd, after should going through and confirming in furnace charge without explosive and danger, can be preheated.
4th, smelting and pouring instrument, such as stirring rod, iron spoon, slagging-off instrument, it is not preheated to be contacted with aluminium alloy.
5th, pour into a mould when remaining aluminium alloy will fall people process preheating ingot mould in, do not allow directly to pour on the ground or
In melting down, remaining aluminium alloy will not allow directly to pour on the ground or refund stove in the ingot mould of the process of falling people preheating during cast
In.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of smelting pure copper or high-copper alloy raw material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The preparation of S1, coverture and flux：Charcoal should be filled in the baking oven of people's sealing, in not less than 800 DEG C baking 4h, treat that the used time will
Prevent the moisture absorption；Coverture is made up of the cullet of 63% borax+37%；
The preparation of S2, crucible and smelting equipment and instrument：Crucible uses other damages for preceding answering flawless and influence safety, new earthenware
Crucible has to pass through low temperature slow heating processing, should clean out the slag of inner surface to prevent cracking old crucible；Use neolite
When black crucible and replacing molten alloy species, crucible should melt same trade mark series alloy progress prepurging before melting；Use refractory material
And the stirring rod made of graphite must thorough cleaning fall remaining coating and rusty stain, and dried after applying one layer of refractory material or swabbing
It is dry stand-by；Ingot mould before use must thorough cleaning it is clean, be preheated to after spreading material 100-150 DEG C it is stand-by；
S3, the preparation of metal charge：Fine copper removes dirt through blast, the ability shove charge after 500-550 DEG C of pre- heat abstraction moisture, first
Criticizing black furnace fusing can preheat with stove；
S4, add material：Mandarin orange misfortune is first preheated to kermesinus, adds the drying charcoal that a layer thickness is about 30-50mm increasing misfortune bottom
Or coverture (cullet of 60% borax ten 37%), then add people's tailing, useless block and bar successively, finally add fine copper；
S5, element are added：The alloying element added can be placed on table and preheat, and forbid cold burden to add in people's liquid metal, whole molten
Often movable furnace charge is answered during change, to prevent putting up a bridge；
S6, stirring reaction：After heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200-1220 DEG C, addition accounts for alloy
Liquid weight 0.3%-0.4% phosphor-copper deoxidation, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy
Go out, cupric phosphate can float on liquid level, removal of skimming, and reach the purpose of deoxidation；
S7, come out of the stove：Finally skim and come out of the stove, the pouring temperature of aluminium alloy is generally 1100-1200 DEG C.
2. the method for a kind of smelting pure copper according to claim 1 or high-copper alloy raw material, it is characterised in that the S1
In, coverture also can make coverture with charcoal is dried, but be required to dry and remove debris therein.
3. the method for a kind of smelting pure copper according to claim 1 or high-copper alloy raw material, it is characterised in that the S6
In, after heating makes alloy whole melted alloy fine melt, when temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, the phosphor-copper that addition accounts for aluminium alloy weight 0.3% takes off
Oxygen, the react phosphorus pentoxide gas of generation of phosphorus and cuprous oxide escape from alloy, and cupric phosphate can float on liquid level, skim
Remove, reach the purpose of deoxidation；In addition, need to be stirred continuously during deoxidation.
4. the method for a kind of smelting pure copper according to claim 1 or high-copper alloy raw material, it is characterised in that the S7
In, the aluminium alloy that melting finishes first pours into a mould air content sample, and the oxide skin that specimen surface is scraped off with plank sees the change on its surface
Situation, if there is slight tear the smooth or slight recessed, middle part of specimen surface, surface is in grey black and has irregular wrinkle
Skin, it was demonstrated that deoxidation exhaust is thorough, and aluminium alloy is qualified；If being asked in specimen surface, position projection, or centre have snuff shape torn grain,
Prove that deoxidation exhaust is bad, aluminium alloy is unqualified, it is necessary to rejoins appropriate pure magnesium deoxidation exhaust or scarfing cinder, treats aluminium alloy
Bent angle sample is poured into a mould after qualified again, (the complete blackening of specimen surface) hardening when being cooled to 300 DEG C or so, then knocks off and sees that it is disconnected
Mouthful macrostructure, qualified fracture is smooth in brick-red, and tissue is fine and closely woven, and composition is uniform, and segregation-free and slag inclusion, the bent angle that fractures exist
More than 120 °, it was demonstrated that the mechanical property of material is qualified, can be with pouring cast part；If fracture coarse grains, brick-red quantity is seldom, face
Color burnt hair, surface black oxide skin is blocked up, shows that deoxidation is not thorough, adds the appropriate thorough deoxidation of pure zinc, and stokehold is examined again
Test, poured into a mould after qualified.
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| CN108823441A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-16 | 佛山高力新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of founding of phosphor-copper manufacturing center |
| CN110405168A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-05 | 上海海亮铜业有限公司 | Red copper horizontal casting scaling loss removes iron processes |
| CN115094259A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-23 | 安徽飞翔新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-magnesium alloy |
| CN115772612A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-10 | 安徽鑫科铜业有限公司 | Smelting vertical casting covering agent, preparation method thereof and application thereof in brass production |
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| CN115772612A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-10 | 安徽鑫科铜业有限公司 | Smelting vertical casting covering agent, preparation method thereof and application thereof in brass production |
| CN115772612B (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-03-12 | 安徽鑫科铜业有限公司 | Vertical smelting casting covering agent, preparation method thereof and application thereof in brass production |
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