CN117823215A - Tunnel construction equipment and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust fall equipment, in particular to tunnel construction equipment, which comprises a box body and an air draft mechanism; the air exhausting mechanism comprises an air pump and an air guide pipe; the air pump is fixedly connected with the box body; one end of the air guide pipe is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump, the other end of the air guide pipe is fixedly connected with the box body, and the air guide pipe is communicated with the air inlet: the dust settling device also comprises a dust settling mechanism arranged in the box body; the dust settling mechanism comprises a concave block, a filter plate, a cleaning assembly, a bottom hole formed in the concave block and a water spraying assembly for spraying water in the direction of the bottom hole; the concave block is fixedly connected with the box body, the concave block is obliquely arranged, the concave block is fixedly connected with the air guide pipe, and the concave block is communicated with the air guide pipe; the filter plate is fixedly connected with the bottom hole; the cleaning assembly comprises a moving block, a transverse block, a bristle layer and a driving part for driving the moving block to reciprocate along the length direction of the concave block; the transverse block is connected with the moving block; the bristle layer is fixedly connected with the transverse block and is attached to the filter plate. The dust settling device solves the problem that the existing dust settling device cannot clean the filter cylinder during the filtering process of the filter cylinder.

Description

Tunnel construction equipment and construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of dust fall equipment, in particular to tunnel construction equipment and a tunnel construction method.

Background

Along with the continuous vigorous development in the aspects of highway, railway and urban construction, the number of tunnel construction is gradually increased, a large amount of dust can be generated in the tunnel construction process no matter the drilling and blasting method or the full-section method construction is adopted, and the high-concentration dust not only affects the health of workers, but also can adversely affect the subsequent construction operation.

At present, dust in the tunnel construction air is reduced by adopting a dust fall spraying device, but sprinkling dust fall can generate a large amount of wastewater, the wastewater is accumulated on the tunnel construction ground, an internal drainage system is imperfect in tunnel construction, the wastewater is not easy to evaporate and drain, the wastewater is mixed with soil on the tunnel ground, slipping of follow-up construction is easily caused, and the follow-up construction difficulty is increased.

In order to solve the problems, chinese patent publication No. CN217107108U discloses a dust removing and settling device for tunnel construction, which comprises a movable trolley, wherein a bracket is arranged at the top of the movable trolley, an exhaust fan is arranged at the top of the bracket, each air inlet cover is connected to the suction end of the exhaust fan through an air guide pipe, and the output end of the exhaust fan faces downwards and is connected with an air outlet cover; the movable trolley is provided with a water tank with an open top surface in the bracket, a filter cylinder arranged right below the air outlet cover is detachably arranged in the center of the water tank, and a spraying water spraying assembly is arranged in the water tank. The device utilizes the air exhauster and sprays the cooperation of water spray subassembly to the form that combines together is sprayed to the air current leading-in water tank that will have the dust earlier, sprays the dust fall again, not only can retrieve the water after spraying, and usable filter cylinder filters the back recycle to sewage moreover, water economy resource can effectively avoid waste water gathering at ground and influence follow-up construction simultaneously, and the dust fall is effectual.

The device has the following problems in the actual use process: the device needs workers to detach and remove the filter cartridge regularly to clean the filter cartridge so as to ensure that the filter cartridge cannot be blocked, but only the filter cartridge is cleaned once, and partial impurities still remain on the filter cartridge, so that on one hand, the reuse of the filter cartridge is influenced, and on the other hand, the filtering efficiency of the filter cartridge is reduced, but if the workers clean the filter cartridge for a plurality of times, the workload of the workers is increased, the work is complicated, and even the filter cartridge is cleaned incompletely, so that the reuse of the filter cartridge is influenced; 2. when the filter cartridge is disassembled, the filter cartridge can shake, so that part of impurities can be absorbed by workers in the disassembling process, and the health of the workers is further damaged, namely, certain potential safety hazards exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides tunnel construction equipment, which aims to solve the problem that the conventional dust settling device cannot clean a filter cylinder during the filtering process of the filter cylinder.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel construction device comprises a movable box body and an exhaust mechanism; the air draft mechanism comprises an air pump, an air guide pipe and an air inlet arranged on the box body; the air pump is fixedly connected with the box body; one end of the air guide pipe is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump, the other end of the air guide pipe is fixedly connected with the box body, and the air guide pipe is communicated with the air inlet; the dust settling device also comprises a dust settling mechanism arranged in the box body; the dust settling mechanism comprises a concave block, a filter plate, a cleaning assembly, a bottom hole formed in the concave block and a water spraying assembly for spraying water in the direction of the bottom hole; the concave block is fixedly connected with the box body, the concave block is obliquely arranged, the concave block is fixedly connected with the air guide pipe, and the concave block is communicated with the air guide pipe; the filter plate is fixedly connected with the bottom hole; the cleaning assembly comprises a moving block, a transverse block, a bristle layer and a driving part for driving the moving block to reciprocate along the length direction of the concave block; the transverse block is connected with the moving block; the bristle layer is fixedly connected with the transverse block and is attached to the filter plate.

The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:

1. the air flow in the tunnel flows into the concave block along the air guide pipe through the air pump, during the flowing period of the air flow along the length direction of the concave block, dust is reduced on the air flow through the water spraying component, on one hand, impurities in the air flow can be mixed with water to form a mixture under the action of the water flow, finally the mixture falls on the filter plate and flows along the inclined direction of the concave block, during the flowing period of the mixture, the mixture can be filtered by the filter plate under the action of the filter plate, and finally only impurities in the air flow remain on the filter plate, so that the follow-up cleaning and collection of the impurities are facilitated; on the other hand can also avoid remaining impurity on the filter and form the raise dust for impurity piles up on the filter, and then the clearance of brush hair layer to impurity of being convenient for.

2. During the period that the impurities remain on the filter plate, the driving part drives the moving block to reciprocate along the length direction of the concave block; the transverse blocks synchronously move during the reciprocating motion of the moving blocks; the bristle layers move synchronously during the movement of the transverse block; during the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer along the length direction of the concave block, the bristle layer can clean impurities remained on the filter plate, so that the impurities are not accumulated on the filter plate any more; on one hand, the filter plate is ensured not to be blocked, the filtering effect of the filter plate is enhanced, the filtering efficiency of the filter plate is improved, and on the other hand, the filter plate can be cleaned periodically instead of manually, so that unnecessary trouble in the work of workers is saved, and convenience is brought to the work of the workers; meanwhile, the filter plate is cleaned mechanically instead of manually, so that the cleaning efficiency of the filter plate can be improved, and the probability of blocking the filter plate is reduced.

In addition, during the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer along the length direction of the concave block, on one hand, the bristle layer can clean impurities at any position in the length direction of the filter plate, so that the cleaning range of the bristle layer is enlarged; on the other hand, the bristle layer also has a certain acting force, and impurities adhered to the filter plate are more easily cleaned by the bristle layer, so that the action effect of the bristle layer is further enhanced.

In summary, through the combined action of the air pump, the water spraying component and the bristle layer, the air flow is firstly led into the box body, and then dust is reduced through the water spraying component, so that impurities in the air flow can remain on the filter plate, the bristle layer is convenient for cleaning the filter plate, and the filter plate is ensured to be in an efficient filtering state all the time; meanwhile, the influence on the subsequent construction caused by the fact that waste water gathers on the ground is avoided, the dust settling effect is good, and the practicability is high.

Further, the transverse block is vertically and slidably connected with the moving block; the cleaning assembly further comprises a linkage part; the linkage part comprises a short shaft, a first cam, a first spring and a movement unit for driving the short shaft to rotate; the short shaft is rotationally connected with the moving block; the first cam is fixedly connected with the short shaft and is propped against the transverse block; the two ends of the first spring are respectively connected with the moving block and the transverse block.

The transverse block drives the short shaft to rotate through the motion unit during the reciprocating motion along the length direction of the concave block; the first cam rotates synchronously during rotation of the short shaft; during rotation of the first cam, when the protruding part of the first cam abuts against the transverse block, the transverse block moves vertically downwards, and the first spring is compressed; when the protruding part of the first cam is not propped against the transverse block any more, the transverse block is reset under the action of the first spring, and the transverse block moves vertically upwards; therefore, the transverse block can do vertical reciprocating motion, namely, during the period that the transverse block reciprocates along the length direction of the concave block, the transverse block can also do vertical reciprocating motion; during the vertical reciprocating motion of the transverse block, the bristle layers synchronously move, namely, the bristle layers do vertical reciprocating motion while do reciprocating motion along the length direction of the filter plate.

During the vertical reciprocating motion of the bristle layer, on one hand, the bristle layer can generate certain deformation due to the flexibility of the bristle layer, and after the bristle layer is extruded by the filter plate, the bristle layer is unfolded to two sides, so that the contact area of the bristle layer and the filter plate is increased, the action effect of the bristle layer is further enhanced, and the working efficiency of the bristle layer is improved; on the other hand, the bristle layer can also extend into the filter holes on the filter plate, so that impurities blocked in the filter holes fall out of the filter holes under the action of the bristle layer, namely, the impurities do not block the filter holes any more, the filter effect of the filter plate is further enhanced, and the filter efficiency of the filter plate is improved.

In summary, through the reciprocating motion of the brushing layer along the length direction of the concave block and the vertical reciprocating motion of the brushing layer, the surface of the filter plate and the filter holes on the filter plate can be guaranteed to be thoroughly cleaned, and the filter plate can be further guaranteed to be in a high-efficiency filtering state all the time.

Further, the device also comprises a collecting part; the collecting part comprises a collecting cylinder, a collecting block, a first stop block and a power unit for driving the first stop block to vertically reciprocate; the collecting cylinder is positioned at one end of the concave block, which is far away from the air guide pipe, and is fixedly connected with the box body; the collecting block is connected with the inner wall of the collecting cylinder in a sliding way; the first stop block is in sliding connection with one end of the concave block, which is far away from the air guide pipe; and an alarm unit for alarming along with the vertical movement of the collecting block.

During the movement of the bristle layer along the length direction of the concave block, the impurities remained on the surface of the filter plate can move along the length direction of the concave block to the direction close to the collecting cylinder under the action of the bristle layer, so that the impurities can drop into the collecting cylinder; when the brush hair layer is to be contacted with the first stop block, the power unit drives the first stop block to vertically move upwards, so that the first stop block does not block the movement of impurities, the impurities can finally fall into the recovery cylinder, and the recovery of residual impurities on the surface of the filter plate is completed.

The setting of first dog is in order to reduce the component that flows into in the collection section of thick bamboo, has reduced the mixed proportion of collection section of thick bamboo internal water and impurity to guaranteed that there are more impurity to collect by the collection section of thick bamboo.

The setting of alarm unit is in order to when the weight of the impurity on the collection piece reached certain numerical value, and then take place the warning to the impurity that suggestion workman collected in the collection section of thick bamboo has reached the maximum value of collection, need in time clear up the impurity in the collection section of thick bamboo.

Further, the alarm unit comprises a first electrode ball, a second electrode ball, an alarm and a second spring; the first electrode ball is fixedly connected to the bottom of the collecting block; the alarm and the second electrode ball are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the collecting cylinder, and the second electrode ball is positioned on the motion track of the first electrode ball; two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the receiving block and the collecting cylinder; the alarm, the first electrode ball, the second electrode ball and the power supply are connected into a series circuit through wires.

Along with the gradual increase of impurities in the collecting block, the weight is gradually increased, so that the collecting block moves downwards along the height direction of the collecting cylinder, and the first spring is compressed; during the movement of the collecting block, the first electrode balls synchronously move, so that the first electrode balls move towards the direction of the second electrode balls; when the weight of the impurity in the collecting block reaches a specified value, the collecting block moves to a specified position, at the moment, the first electrode ball is in contact with the second electrode ball, the electrifying operation of the alarm can be realized, and the alarm is sounded, so that the weight of the impurity in the collecting block is prompted to reach a maximum value, and further, the impurity in the collecting block is cleaned by workers in time.

Further, the water spraying assembly comprises a linkage plate, a water tank, a linkage block, a third spring and a plurality of dust falling parts; the water tank is fixedly connected with the tank body; the linkage block is vertically and slidably connected with the moving block, and the first cam is propped against the linkage block; two ends of the third spring are respectively connected with the moving block and the linkage block; the dust falling parts are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the concave block; the dust falling part comprises a piston cylinder, a piston block and a fourth spring; the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with the box body, the piston cylinder is communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water tank, and one end of the water outlet pipe, which is far away from the piston cylinder, faces the filter plate; a spray head is arranged on the water outlet pipe; the piston block is connected with the piston cylinder in a sliding way; two ends of the fourth spring are respectively connected with the piston block and the piston cylinder; the piston block is fixedly connected with the linkage plate, and the linkage plate is propped against the linkage block.

During the rotation of the first cam, when the protruding part of the first cam is propped against the linkage block, the linkage block moves vertically upwards, the third spring is compressed, and the linkage plate moves vertically upwards under the action of the linkage block; during the movement of the linkage plate, the piston blocks synchronously move, and the fourth spring stretches; when the protruding part of the first cam is not propped against the linkage block any more, the linkage block is reset under the action of the third spring, the linkage block vertically moves downwards, the piston block is reset under the action of the fourth spring, the piston block vertically moves downwards, and the linkage plates synchronously move; therefore, the piston block and the linkage plate can do vertical reciprocating motion.

During the vertical reciprocating motion of the piston block, the piston block can continuously pump water and drain water; during the water pumping of the piston block, water flows into the piston cylinder along the water inlet pipe for temporary storage; during the drainage of the piston block, the water stored in the piston cylinder is drained along a water outlet pipe; the discharged water has a certain acting force, so that the water can act on the filter plate to form sputtering liquid; the sputtering liquid can expand the action range of water, so that the water can be mixed with more air flows, the action effect of the water is enhanced, and the dust settling efficiency of the water is improved.

During the movement of the air flow along the length direction of the concave block can be guaranteed through the combined action of the water outlet pipes, on one hand, dust fall can be carried out on the air flow by the number under the action of water, on the other hand, the water can also wash residual impurities on the filter plate, so that the impurities move along the length direction of the concave block to the direction where the collecting cylinder is located under the action of the water, and further the cleaning and the collecting of the residual impurities on the filter plate are completed.

Further, the device also comprises an auxiliary part; the auxiliary part comprises a second stop block, a cleaning block, a linkage unit and a side hole formed in the air guide pipe; the second stop block is in sliding connection with the outer wall of the air guide pipe; the cleaning block is attached to the inner wall of the air guide pipe, is fixedly connected with the second stop block and can vertically reciprocate along the length direction of the side hole; the first stop block drives the second stop block to do vertical reciprocating motion through the linkage unit, and the motion direction of the first stop block is opposite to that of the second stop block.

The second stop block is driven to vertically reciprocate through the linkage unit, and the cleaning block synchronously moves during the vertical reciprocation of the second stop block; during the vertical movement of the cleaning block, impurities and dust particles adhered to the inner wall of the air guide pipe in the air guide pipe can be cleaned, the number of the impurities and the dust particles in the air guide pipe is reduced, the blocking probability of the air guide pipe is reduced, the air flow can continuously flow to the concave block along the air guide pipe, and therefore the water outlet pipe can efficiently reduce dust of the air flow.

Further, the device also comprises a recovery unit; the recovery unit comprises a recovery block, a recovery pipe and a side hole arranged on the recovery block; the recovery block is positioned right below the filter plate and fixedly connected with the box body; the recovery pipe is fixedly connected with the recovery block, the recovery pipe is communicated with the side hole, and one end of the recovery pipe, which is far away from the recovery block, is communicated with the water tank; the side holes are connected with filter cloth.

The mixture is collected by a recovery block after being filtered by a filter plate; the mixture collected in the recovery block, during the vertical reciprocation of the piston block, the piston block being able to withdraw water from the recovery block so that the mixture is filtered by the filter cloth, whereby the withdrawn mixture passes through the filter cloth along the recovery tube into the water tank; the filtering treatment of the water is completed, the cyclic utilization of the water resource is realized, and the utilization rate of the water resource is improved.

Further, the driving part comprises a unidirectional screw rod, a guide rod and a driving unit for driving the unidirectional screw rod to rotate; the unidirectional screw is rotationally connected with the box body; the guide rod is fixedly connected with the box body; the movable block is in threaded connection with the unidirectional screw rod, and the movable block is in sliding connection with the guide rod.

The unidirectional screw is driven to rotate forward by the driving unit, and during the forward rotation of the unidirectional screw, the moving block moves along the length direction of the concave block towards the direction of the adjacent collecting cylinder; similarly, during the reverse rotation of the unidirectional screw, the moving block moves along the length direction of the concave block in a direction away from the collecting cylinder; therefore, the moving block can reciprocate in the length direction of the concave block.

Further, the power unit comprises a linkage shaft, a second cam, a first gear, a first rack and a fifth spring; the linkage shaft is rotationally connected with the concave block; the first gear and the second cam are fixedly connected with the linkage shaft; the first rack is fixedly connected with the moving block, the first gear is positioned on the motion track of the first rack, and the first rack can be meshed with the first gear; the second cam is propped against the first stop block; two ends of the fifth spring are respectively connected with the first stop block and the concave block; when the first rack is meshed with the first gear, the first gear can be rotated for half a turn.

The first rack moves synchronously during the movement of the moving block along the length direction of the concave block to the direction of approaching the collecting cylinder; during the movement of the first rack, when the first rack is meshed with the first gear, the first gear rotates for half a turn, and the linkage shaft synchronously rotates; the second cam rotates synchronously during the rotation of the linkage shaft; during rotation of the second cam, when the protruding portion of the second cam abuts against the first stop block, the first stop block moves vertically upwards, and the fifth spring stretches.

Similarly, when the moving block moves along the length direction of the concave block in the direction away from the collecting cylinder, the first stop block resets under the fifth action, and the first stop block moves vertically downwards; thus, the first stopper is capable of vertical reciprocation.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel construction method comprises the following steps:

step (1): air flow in the tunnel is discharged into the concave block along the air guide pipe through the air pump;

step (2): through the mutual matching of the piston cylinder and the piston block, the water tank can be drawn out, and dust is reduced on the air flow flowing in the length direction of the concave block;

step (3): impurities on the surface of the filter plate can be cleaned through the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer along the length direction of the concave block and the vertical reciprocating motion of the bristle layer;

step (4): triggering an alarm to work through the vertical reciprocating motion of the collecting block, and prompting workers to clean the collecting block in time;

step (5): the air guide pipe is cleaned through the vertical reciprocating motion of the cleaning block, and the air guide pipe is ensured to be in an unblocked state.

1. The air flow in the tunnel flows into the concave block along the air guide pipe through the air pump, and during the air flow flows along the length direction of the concave block, dust is reduced on the air flow through the piston cylinder, so that impurities in the air flow can be mixed with water to form a mixture under the action of water flow, and finally the mixture falls on the filter plate and flows along the inclined direction of the concave block; during the flow of the mixture, water is filtered by the filter plate under the action of the filter plate, so that only impurities remain on the filter plate, and the subsequent cleaning and collection of the impurities are facilitated.

2. During the period that the impurities remain on the filter plate, the bristle layer can clean the impurities remaining on the filter plate through the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer along the length direction of the concave block and the vertical reciprocating motion of the bristle layer, so that the impurities are not accumulated on the filter plate any more; on one hand, the filter plate is ensured not to be blocked, the filtering effect of the filter plate is enhanced, the filtering efficiency of the filter plate is improved, and on the other hand, the filter plate can be cleaned periodically instead of manually, so that unnecessary trouble in the work of workers is saved, and convenience is brought to the work of the workers; and moreover, the filter plate is cleaned mechanically instead of manually, so that the cleaning efficiency of the filter plate can be improved, and the probability of blocking the filter plate is reduced.

3. When the weight of the impurity in the collecting block reaches a specified value, the collecting block moves to a specified position, at the moment, the first electrode ball is in contact with the second electrode ball, the electrifying operation of the alarm can be realized, and the alarm is sounded, so that the weight of the impurity in the collecting block is prompted to reach a maximum value, and further, the impurity in the collecting block is cleaned by workers in time.

4. During the vertical movement of the cleaning block, impurities and dust particles adhered to the inner wall of the air guide pipe in the air guide pipe can be cleaned, the number of the impurities and the dust particles in the air guide pipe is reduced, the blocking probability of the air guide pipe is reduced, the air flow can continuously flow to the concave block along the air guide pipe, and accordingly dust fall of the dust particles in the air flow can be effectively guaranteed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a tunnel construction apparatus and a construction method according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the case of fig. 1 in a front view.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the dust settling mechanism in fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a partial structure in a left-view direction in fig. 5.

Detailed Description

The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the air pump comprises a box body 1, an air pump 2, an air guide pipe 3, a concave block 4, a filter plate 5, a moving block 6, a transverse block 7, a bristle layer 8, a short shaft 9, a first cam 10, a first spring 11, a collecting cylinder 12, a collecting block 13, a first stop block 14, a first motor ball 15, a second electrode ball 16, an alarm 17, a second spring 18, a linkage plate 19, a water tank 20, a piston cylinder 21, a piston block 22, a fourth spring 23, an outlet pipe 24, a second stop block 25, a cleaning block 26, a recovery block 27, an air guide cover 28, a unidirectional screw 29, a guide rod 30, a second cam 31, a first gear 32, a first rack 33, a fifth spring 34, a servo motor 35, a second rack 36, a second gear 37, a rotary shaft 38, a third gear 39, a third rack 40, a fourth rack 41, a linkage block 42 and a third spring 43.

Examples are substantially as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7:

the embodiment of the invention provides tunnel construction equipment, which comprises a movable box body 1 and an exhaust mechanism; the air draft mechanism comprises an air pump 2, an air guide pipe 3 and an air inlet arranged on the top of the box body 1; the air pump 2 is fixedly connected with the box body 1, and an air inlet of the air pump 2 is communicated with an air inducing cover 28; one end of an air guide pipe 3 is communicated with an air outlet of the air pump 2, the other end of the air guide pipe 3 is fixedly connected with the box body 1, and the air guide pipe 3 is communicated with the air inlet: the dust settling device also comprises a dust settling mechanism arranged in the box body 1; the dust settling mechanism comprises a concave block 4, a filter plate 5, a cleaning component, a bottom hole formed in the concave block 4 and a water spraying component for spraying water in the direction of the bottom hole; the concave block 4 is fixedly connected with the box body 1, the concave block 4 is obliquely arranged, and the concave block 4 is fixedly connected with the air guide pipe 3; the air guide pipe 3 is positioned right above the concave block 4, and the concave block 4 is communicated with the air guide pipe 3; the filter plate 5 is fixedly connected with the bottom hole; the cleaning assembly comprises a moving block 6, a transverse block 7, a bristle layer 8 and a driving part for driving the moving block 6 to reciprocate along the length direction of the concave block 4; the transverse block 7 is connected with the moving block 6; the bristle layer 8 is fixedly connected with the transverse block 7, and the bristle layer 8 is attached to the filter plate 5.

The transverse block 7 is vertically and slidably connected with the moving block 6; the cleaning assembly further comprises a linkage part; the linkage part comprises a short shaft 9, a first cam 10, a first spring 11 and a movement unit for driving the short shaft 9 to rotate; the short shaft 9 is rotationally connected with the moving block 6; the first cam 10 is fixedly connected with the short shaft 9, and the first cam 10 is propped against the transverse block 7; the two ends of the first spring 11 are respectively connected with the moving block 6 and the transverse block 7.

The device also comprises a collecting part; the collecting part comprises a collecting barrel 12, a collecting block 13, a first stop block 14 and a power unit for driving the first stop block 14 to vertically reciprocate; the collecting cylinder 12 is positioned at one end of the concave block 4 far away from the air guide pipe 3, the collecting cylinder 12 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 1, and the collecting block 13 is positioned below the concave block 4; the collecting block 13 is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the collecting cylinder 12; the first stop block 14 is in sliding connection with one end of the concave block 4, which is far away from the air guide pipe 3; an alarm unit for alarming with the vertical movement of the collecting block 13 is also included.

The alarm unit comprises a first electrode ball, a second electrode ball 16, an alarm 17 and a second spring 18; the first electrode ball is fixedly connected to the bottom of the collecting block 13; the alarm 17 and the second electrode ball 16 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the collecting barrel 12, and the second electrode ball 16 is positioned on the movement track of the first electrode ball; two ends of the second spring 18 are respectively connected with the receiving block 13 and the collecting cylinder 12; the alarm 17, the first electrode ball, the second electrode ball 16 and the power supply are connected in a series circuit by wires.

The water spraying assembly comprises a linkage plate 19, a water tank 20, a linkage block 42, a third spring 43 and a plurality of dust falling parts; the water tank 20 is fixedly connected with the tank body 1; the linkage block 42 is vertically and slidably connected with the moving block 6; the first cam 10 is positioned between the linkage block 42 and the transverse block 7, and the first cam 10 is propped against the linkage block 42; both ends of the third spring 43 are respectively connected with the moving block 6 and the linkage block 42; the dust falling parts are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the concave block 4; the dust falling part comprises a piston cylinder 21, a piston block 22 and a fourth spring 23; the piston cylinder 21 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 1, the piston cylinder 21 is positioned above the filter plate 5, the piston cylinder 21 is communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe 24, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water tank 20, a first one-way valve for liquid to flow from the water tank 20 to the piston cylinder 21 in one direction is arranged on the water inlet pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe 24, which is far away from the piston cylinder 21, faces the filter plate 5, and a second one-way valve for liquid to flow from the piston cylinder 21 to the filter plate 5 in one direction is arranged on the water outlet pipe 24; the water outlet pipe 24 is provided with a spray head; the piston block 22 is in sliding connection with the piston cylinder 21; the fourth spring 23 is sleeved on the piston block 22, and two ends of the fourth spring 23 are respectively connected with the piston block 22 and the piston cylinder 21; the piston block 22 is fixedly connected with the linkage plate 19, and the linkage plate 19 is abutted against the linkage block 42.

The device also comprises an auxiliary part; the auxiliary part comprises a second stop block 25, a cleaning block 26, a linkage unit and a side hole formed in the air guide pipe 3; the second stop block 25 is in sliding connection with the outer wall of the air guide pipe 3; the cleaning block 26 is attached to the inner wall of the air guide pipe 3, the cleaning block 26 is fixedly connected with the second stop block 25, and the cleaning block 26 can vertically reciprocate along the length direction of the side hole; the first stop block 14 drives the second stop block 25 to vertically reciprocate through the linkage unit, and the movement direction of the first stop block 14 is opposite to the movement direction of the second stop block 25.

The device also comprises a recovery unit; the recovery unit comprises a recovery block 27, a recovery pipe and a side hole formed on the recovery block 27; the recovery block 27 is positioned right below the filter plate 5, and the recovery block 27 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 1; the recovery pipe is fixedly connected with the recovery block 27, the recovery pipe is communicated with the side hole, and one end of the recovery pipe, which is far away from the recovery block 27, is communicated with the water tank 20; the side hole is connected with filter cloth, and the recovery pipe is provided with a third one-way valve for liquid to flow from the recovery block 27 to the water tank 20 in one direction.

The driving part comprises a unidirectional screw 29, a guide rod 30 and a driving unit for driving the unidirectional screw 29 to rotate; the unidirectional screw 29 is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the box body 1; the guide rod 30 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 1; the moving block 6 is in threaded connection with the unidirectional screw 29, and the moving block 6 is in sliding connection with the guide rod 30; the driving unit selects a servo motor 35, the servo motor 35 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 1, and the output shaft of the servo motor 35 is fixedly connected with the unidirectional screw 29.

The power unit comprises a linkage shaft, a second cam 31, a first gear 32, a first rack 33 and a fifth spring 34; the linkage shaft is rotationally connected with the concave block 4; the first gear 32 and the second cam 31 are fixedly connected with the linkage shaft; the first rack 33 is fixedly connected with the moving block 6, the first gear 32 is positioned on the movement track of the first rack 33, and the first rack 33 can be meshed with the first gear 32; the second cam 31 is abutted against the first stop block 14; both ends of the fifth spring 34 are respectively connected with the first stop block 14 and the concave block 4; when the first rack 33 is engaged with the first gear 32, the first gear 32 can be rotated half a turn.

The movement unit comprises a second rack 36 and a second gear 37; the second rack 36 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 1; the second gear 37 is fixedly connected with the short shaft 9, and the second gear 37 is meshed with the second rack 36.

The linkage unit comprises a rotating shaft 38, a third gear 39, a third rack 40 and a fourth rack 41; the rotating shaft 38 is rotatably connected with the concave block 4; the third gear 39 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 38; the third rack 40 is fixedly connected with the first stop block 14; the fourth rack 41 is fixedly connected with the second stop block 25; the third gear 39 is located between the third rack 40 and the fourth rack 41, and the third gear 39 is capable of meshing with the third rack 40 and the fourth rack 41, respectively; the direction of movement of the third rack 40 is opposite to the direction of movement of the fourth rack 41.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

starting the air pump 2, and enabling the air flow in the tunnel to flow into the concave block 4 along the air guide pipe 3 through the air pump 2; during the period that the air flow flows along the length direction of the concave block 4, the servo motor 35 is started, and the unidirectional screw 29 is driven to rotate by the output shaft of the servo motor 35; during the forward rotation of the unidirectional screw 29, the moving block 6 moves along the length direction of the concave block 4 towards the direction of the approaching collecting cylinder 12; similarly, during the reverse rotation of the unidirectional screw 29, the moving block 6 moves in the longitudinal direction of the concave block 4 in a direction away from the collection cylinder 12; therefore, the moving block 6 can reciprocate in the longitudinal direction of the concave block 4.

The transverse block 7 moves synchronously during the reciprocating motion of the moving block 6; the bristle layer 8 moves synchronously during the movement of the transverse mass 7; during the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer 8 along the length direction of the concave block 4, the bristle layer 8 can clean impurities remained on the filter plate 5, so that the impurities are not accumulated on the filter plate 5 any more; on one hand, the filter plate 5 is ensured not to be blocked, the filtering effect of the filter plate 5 is enhanced, the filtering efficiency of the filter plate 5 is improved, and on the other hand, the filter plate 5 can be cleaned periodically instead of manually, so that unnecessary troubles in the work of workers are avoided, and convenience is brought to the work of the workers; meanwhile, the filter plate 5 is cleaned mechanically instead of manually, so that the cleaning efficiency of the filter plate 5 can be improved, and the probability of blocking the filter plate 5 is reduced.

In addition, during the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer 8 along the length direction of the concave block 4, on one hand, the bristle layer 8 can clean impurities at any position in the length direction of the filter plate 5, so that the cleaning range of the bristle layer 8 is enlarged; on the other hand, the bristle layer 8 also has a certain acting force, and impurities adhered to the filter plate 5 are more easily cleaned by the bristle layer 8, so that the action effect of the bristle layer 8 is further enhanced.

The short shaft 9 moves synchronously during the reciprocating motion of the transverse block 7 along the length direction of the concave block 4; during the movement of the stub shaft 9, the second gear 37 moves synchronously; during the movement of the second gear 37, the second gear 37 is meshed with the second rack 36, so that the second gear 37 rotates, that is, the second gear 37 can rotate while the second gear 37 moves along the length direction of the concave block 4; during rotation of the second gear wheel 37, the stub shaft 9 rotates synchronously, i.e. the stub shaft 9 also rotates while the stub shaft 9 moves in the longitudinal direction of the block 4.

During rotation of the stub shaft 9, the first cam 10 rotates synchronously; during rotation of the first cam 10, when the protruding portion of the first cam 10 abuts against the lateral block 7, the lateral block 7 moves vertically downward, and the first spring 11 compresses; when the protruding part of the first cam 10 is not propped against the transverse block 7 any more, the transverse block 7 is reset under the action of the first spring 11, and the transverse block 7 moves vertically upwards; thus, the lateral mass 7 is capable of vertical reciprocation, i.e. the lateral mass 7 is also capable of vertical reciprocation during reciprocation of the lateral mass 7 along the length of the recess 4; during the vertical reciprocation of the transverse block 7, the bristle layer 8 moves synchronously, i.e. the bristle layer 8 can also reciprocate vertically while the bristle layer 8 reciprocates along the length direction of the filter plate 5.

During the vertical reciprocating motion of the bristle layer 8, on one hand, as the bristle layer 8 is flexible, the bristle layer 8 can generate certain deformation, after the bristle layer 8 is extruded by the filter plate 5, the bristle layer 8 is unfolded to two sides, the contact area between the bristle layer 8 and the filter plate 5 is increased, the action effect of the bristle layer 8 is further enhanced, and the working efficiency of the bristle layer 8 is improved; on the other hand, the bristle layer 8 can also extend into the filtering holes on the filtering plate 5, so that impurities blocked in the filtering holes fall out of the filtering holes under the action of the bristle layer 8, namely, the impurities do not block the filtering holes any more, the filtering effect of the filtering plate 5 is further enhanced, and the filtering efficiency of the filtering plate 5 is improved.

In summary, through the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer 8 along the length direction of the concave block 4 and the vertical reciprocating motion of the bristle layer 8, the surface of the filter plate 5 and the filtering holes on the filter plate 5 can be ensured to be cleaned comprehensively and thoroughly, namely, the filter plate 5 is further ensured to be in a high-efficiency filtering state all the time.

During rotation of the first cam 10, when the protruding portion of the first cam 10 abuts against the linkage block 42, the linkage block 42 moves vertically upward, the third spring 43 is compressed, and the linkage plate 19 moves vertically upward under the action of the linkage block 42; during the movement of the linkage plate 19, the piston block 22 moves synchronously, and the fourth spring 23 stretches; when the protruding part of the first cam 10 is not propped against the linkage block 42 any more, the linkage block 42 is reset under the action of the third spring 43, the linkage block 42 vertically moves downwards, the piston block 22 is reset under the action of the fourth spring 23, the piston block 22 vertically moves downwards, and the linkage plate 19 synchronously moves; thus, the piston block 22 and the linkage plate 19 are both capable of vertical reciprocation.

The piston block 22 can continuously pump water and drain water during the vertical reciprocating motion of the piston block 22; during the pumping of the piston block 22, water flows into the piston cylinder 21 along the water inlet pipe for temporary storage; during the draining of the piston block 22, the water stored in the piston cylinder 21 is drained along the water outlet pipe 24; the discharged water has a certain acting force so that the water can act on the filter plate 5 to form sputtering liquid; the sputtering liquid can expand the action range of water, so that the water can be mixed with more impurities, the action effect of the water is enhanced, and the dust fall efficiency of the water is improved.

During the movement of the air flow along the length direction of the concave block 4 can be guaranteed through the combined action of the water outlet pipes 24, on one hand, dust can be reduced to the greatest extent under the action of water, on the other hand, the water can flush the residual impurities on the filter plate 5, so that the impurities move along the length direction of the concave block 4 along the direction of the collecting cylinder 12 under the action of the water, and further the cleaning and the collecting of the residual impurities on the filter plate 5 are completed.

Through the movement, the water outlet pipe 24 firstly carries out dust fall on the air flow, so that impurities in the air flow can be mixed with water to form a mixture under the action of the water flow, finally fall on the filter plate 5 and flow along the inclined direction of the concave block 4; during the flow of the mixture, the mixture is filtered by the filter plate 5 under the action of the filter plate 5, so that only impurities in the air flow remain on the filter plate 5, thereby facilitating the subsequent cleaning and collection of the impurities.

In summary, through the combined action of the air pump 2, the water outlet pipe 24 and the bristle layer 8, the air flow is firstly led into the box body 1, and then dust is reduced through the water outlet pipe 24, so that impurities in the air flow can remain on the filter plate 5, the bristle layer 8 is convenient for cleaning the filter plate 5, and the filter plate 5 is ensured to be in a high-efficiency filtering state all the time; meanwhile, the influence on the subsequent construction caused by the fact that waste water gathers on the ground is avoided, the dust settling effect is good, and the practicability is high.

The first rack 33 moves synchronously during the movement of the moving block 6 along the length direction of the concave block 4 to the direction of approaching the collecting cylinder 12; during the movement of the first rack 33, when the first rack 33 is meshed with the first gear 32, the first gear 32 rotates for half a turn, and the linkage shaft synchronously rotates; during the rotation of the linkage shaft, the second cam 31 rotates in synchronization; during rotation of the second cam 31, when the convex portion of the second cam 31 abuts against the first stopper 14, the first stopper 14 moves vertically upward, and the fifth spring 34 stretches.

Similarly, when the movable block 6 moves along the length direction of the concave block 4 in a direction away from the collecting barrel 12, the first stop block 14 is reset under the action of the fifth spring 34, and the first stop block 14 moves vertically downwards; thus, the first stopper 14 can reciprocate vertically.

During the movement of the bristle layer 8 along the length direction of the concave block 4, the impurities remained on the surface of the filter plate 5 can move towards the direction close to the collecting cylinder 12 along the length direction of the concave block 4 under the action of the bristle layer 8, so that the impurities can fall into the collecting cylinder 12; when the bristle layer 8 is to be contacted with the first stop block 14, the first stop block 14 moves vertically upwards, so that the first stop block 14 does not block the movement of impurities, the impurities can finally fall into the recovery cylinder, and the recovery of the impurities remained on the surface of the filter plate 5 is completed.

The first stopper 14 is provided to reduce the amount of water flowing into the collecting vessel 12, and reduce the mixing ratio of water and impurities in the collecting vessel 12, thereby ensuring that more impurities can be collected by the collecting vessel 12.

As the foreign matter in the collecting block 13 increases gradually, the weight increases gradually, so that the collecting block 13 moves downward in the height direction of the collecting cylinder 12, and the first spring 11 compresses; during the movement of the collecting block 13, the first electrode balls move synchronously, so that the first electrode balls move towards the direction of the second electrode balls 16; when the weight of the impurities in the collecting block 13 reaches a specified value, the collecting block 13 moves to a specified position, and at the moment, the first electrode ball is in contact with the second electrode ball 16, so that the electrifying operation of the alarm 17 can be realized, warning sounds can be generated, the worker is prompted that the weight of the impurities in the collecting block 13 reaches a maximum value, and the worker is further convenient to clean the impurities in the collecting block 13 in time.

During the vertical reciprocation of the first block 14, the third rack 40 moves synchronously; during the movement of the third rack gear 40, since the third rack gear 40 is engaged with the third gear 39, the third gear 39 is rotated; during the rotation of the third gear 39, the third gear 39 is meshed with the fourth rack 41, so that the fourth rack 41 can vertically reciprocate; during the movement of the fourth rack 41, the second stopper 25 moves synchronously.

During the vertical reciprocating movement of the second stop 25, the cleaning block 26 moves synchronously; during the vertical movement of the cleaning block 26, impurities and dust particles adhered to the inner wall of the air guide pipe 3 in the air guide pipe 3 can be cleaned, the number of the impurities and the dust particles in the air guide pipe 3 is reduced, the blocking probability of the air guide pipe 3 is reduced, the air flow can continuously flow to the concave block 4 along the air guide pipe 3, and accordingly dust fall of the air flow in a tunnel can be effectively guaranteed.

The mixture is filtered by the filter plate 5 and then collected by the recovery block 27; the mixture collected in the recovery block 27, during the vertical reciprocation of the piston block 22, the piston block 22 can draw water out of the recovery block 27 so that the mixture is filtered by the filter cloth, and thus the drawn mixture passes through the filter cloth along the recovery pipe into the water tank 20; the filtering treatment of the water is completed, the cyclic utilization of the water resource is realized, and the utilization rate of the water resource is improved.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and specific technical solutions and/or features that are well known in the art have not been described in detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practical applicability of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A tunnel construction device comprises a movable box body and an exhaust mechanism; the air draft mechanism comprises an air pump, an air guide pipe and an air inlet arranged on the box body; the air pump is fixedly connected with the box body; one end of the air guide pipe is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump, the other end of the air guide pipe is fixedly connected with the box body, and the air guide pipe is communicated with the air inlet; the method is characterized in that: the dust settling device also comprises a dust settling mechanism arranged in the box body; the dust settling mechanism comprises a concave block, a filter plate, a cleaning assembly, a bottom hole formed in the concave block and a water spraying assembly for spraying water in the direction of the bottom hole; the concave block is fixedly connected with the box body, the concave block is obliquely arranged, the concave block is fixedly connected with the air guide pipe, and the concave block is communicated with the air guide pipe; the filter plate is fixedly connected with the bottom hole; the cleaning assembly comprises a moving block, a transverse block, a bristle layer and a driving part for driving the moving block to reciprocate along the length direction of the concave block; the transverse block is connected with the moving block; the bristle layer is fixedly connected with the transverse block and is attached to the filter plate.

2. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the transverse block is vertically and slidably connected with the moving block; the cleaning assembly further comprises a linkage part; the linkage part comprises a short shaft, a first cam, a first spring and a movement unit for driving the short shaft to rotate; the short shaft is rotationally connected with the moving block; the first cam is fixedly connected with the short shaft and is propped against the transverse block; the two ends of the first spring are respectively connected with the moving block and the transverse block.

3. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the device also comprises a collecting part; the collecting part comprises a collecting cylinder, a collecting block, a first stop block and a power unit for driving the first stop block to vertically reciprocate; the collecting cylinder is positioned at one end of the concave block, which is far away from the air guide pipe, and is fixedly connected with the box body; the collecting block is connected with the inner wall of the collecting cylinder in a sliding way; the first stop block is in sliding connection with one end of the concave block, which is far away from the air guide pipe; and an alarm unit for alarming along with the vertical movement of the collecting block.

4. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the alarm unit comprises a first electrode ball, a second electrode ball, an alarm and a second spring; the first electrode ball is fixedly connected to the bottom of the collecting block; the alarm and the second electrode ball are fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the collecting cylinder, and the second electrode ball is positioned on the motion track of the first electrode ball; two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the receiving block and the collecting cylinder; the alarm, the first electrode ball, the second electrode ball and the power supply are connected into a series circuit through wires.

5. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the water spraying assembly comprises a linkage plate, a water tank, a linkage block, a third spring and a plurality of dust falling parts; the water tank is fixedly connected with the tank body; the linkage block is vertically and slidably connected with the moving block, and the first cam is propped against the linkage block; two ends of the third spring are respectively connected with the moving block and the linkage block; the dust falling parts are equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the concave block; the dust falling part comprises a piston cylinder, a piston block and a fourth spring; the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with the box body, the piston cylinder is communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the water tank, and one end of the water outlet pipe, which is far away from the piston cylinder, faces the filter plate; a spray head is arranged on the water outlet pipe; the piston block is connected with the piston cylinder in a sliding way; two ends of the fourth spring are respectively connected with the piston block and the piston cylinder; the piston block is fixedly connected with the linkage plate, and the linkage plate is propped against the linkage block.

6. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the device also comprises an auxiliary part; the auxiliary part comprises a second stop block, a cleaning block, a linkage unit and a side hole formed in the air guide pipe; the second stop block is in sliding connection with the outer wall of the air guide pipe; the cleaning block is attached to the inner wall of the air guide pipe, is fixedly connected with the second stop block and can vertically reciprocate along the length direction of the side hole; the first stop block drives the second stop block to do vertical reciprocating motion through the linkage unit, and the motion direction of the first stop block is opposite to that of the second stop block.

7. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the device also comprises a recovery unit; the recovery unit comprises a recovery block, a recovery pipe and a side hole arranged on the recovery block; the recovery block is positioned right below the filter plate and fixedly connected with the box body; the recovery pipe is fixedly connected with the recovery block, the recovery pipe is communicated with the side hole, and one end of the recovery pipe, which is far away from the recovery block, is communicated with the water tank; the side holes are connected with filter cloth.

8. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the driving part comprises a unidirectional screw rod, a guide rod and a driving unit for driving the unidirectional screw rod to rotate; the unidirectional screw is rotationally connected with the box body; the guide rod is fixedly connected with the box body; the movable block is in threaded connection with the unidirectional screw rod, and the movable block is in sliding connection with the guide rod.

9. A tunnel construction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: the power unit comprises a linkage shaft, a second cam, a first gear, a first rack and a fifth spring; the linkage shaft is rotationally connected with the concave block; the first gear and the second cam are fixedly connected with the linkage shaft; the first rack is fixedly connected with the moving block, the first gear is positioned on the motion track of the first rack, and the first rack can be meshed with the first gear; the second cam is propped against the first stop block; two ends of the fifth spring are respectively connected with the first stop block and the concave block; when the first rack is meshed with the first gear, the first gear can be rotated for half a turn.

10. A tunnel construction method based on claim 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step (1): air flow in the tunnel is discharged into the concave block along the air guide pipe through the air pump;

step (2): through the mutual matching of the piston cylinder and the piston block, the water tank can be drawn out, and dust is reduced on the air flow flowing in the length direction of the concave block;

step (3): impurities on the surface of the filter plate can be cleaned through the reciprocating motion of the bristle layer along the length direction of the concave block and the vertical reciprocating motion of the bristle layer;

step (4): triggering an alarm to work through the vertical reciprocating motion of the collecting block, and prompting workers to clean the collecting block in time;

step (5): the air guide pipe is cleaned through the vertical reciprocating motion of the cleaning block, and the air guide pipe is ensured to be in an unblocked state.