CN117804653A - Residual stress detection device and method based on critical refraction longitudinal wave - Google Patents
Residual stress detection device and method based on critical refraction longitudinal wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of intelligent manufacturing equipment industry, in particular to a device and a method for detecting residual stress based on critical refraction longitudinal waves. The device comprises: the device comprises a signal processing module, a probe module, a motion module and a signal receiving and transmitting module; the probe module comprises three water immersion probes connected with the same signal receiving and transmitting module, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are symmetrically distributed relative to the third water immersion focusing probe, the included angles between the first water immersion probe and the horizontal plane are first critical refraction angles, and the third water immersion focusing probe and the two probes are positioned in the same plane and are perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the motion module is used for controlling the probe module to move and transmitting the displacement of the probe module to the signal processing module; the signal processing module is connected with the signal receiving and transmitting module and comprises a pulse receiving and transmitting instrument and an A/D acquisition card and is used for analyzing the displacement of the probe module and the acquired signals to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured. The scheme can realize nondestructive rapid detection of the distribution of the residual stress on the surface layer of the part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing equipment, in particular to a device and a method for detecting residual stress based on critical refraction longitudinal waves.
Background
Residual stress is a non-negligible factor in the manufacturing arts. Residual stresses can be generated in the surface layer or the interior of the material during heat treatment, cold drawing, bending, cutting, welding, shot blasting and the like. Harmful residual stress may cause warpage or distortion of parts and even cracking, while some beneficial residual stress, such as residual compressive stress introduced by surface strengthening processes such as rolling, shot blasting, etc., may improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance of the workpiece surface.
In the related residual stress detection technology based on the change of the sound velocity of ultrasonic waves, the sound propagation distance and the sound propagation time are difficult to accurately measure due to the fact that the surface of a sample is uneven and the coupling condition of a probe and a detected object workpiece is poor, so that the method based on the change of the sound velocity is more difficult to accurately evaluate the size and distribution of the residual stress on the surface of a workpiece.
Based on this, there is a need for a device and a method for detecting residual stress, which can accurately measure the sound velocity and is suitable for non-flat samples, so as to solve the problem of accurately measuring the residual stress distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively improve the measurement accuracy of residual stress on the surface of a workpiece, the embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for detecting residual stress based on critical refraction longitudinal waves.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a residual stress detection device based on critical refraction longitudinal waves, including a signal processing module, and a probe module, a motion module and a signal transceiver module, which are formed by two immersion flat probes obliquely arranged according to a preset angle and one immersion focusing probe vertically arranged, wherein:
the probe module comprises three water immersion probes connected with the same signal receiving and transmitting module, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are symmetrically distributed about a third water immersion focusing probe, the included angles of the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe and the horizontal plane are all first critical refraction angles of ultrasonic waves, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are used for simultaneously exciting and receiving critical refraction longitudinal waves and transmitting the critical refraction longitudinal waves to the signal receiving and transmitting module, the third water immersion focusing probe, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are positioned in the same plane and are vertical to the horizontal plane, and the third water immersion focusing probe is used for simultaneously exciting and receiving vertical reflection longitudinal waves and transmitting the vertical reflection longitudinal waves to the signal receiving and transmitting module;
the motion module is used for controlling the probe module to move and transmitting the displacement of the probe module to the signal processing module, and the motion comprises rotary motion, horizontal motion and vertical motion;
the signal processing module is connected with the signal receiving and transmitting module, the signal receiving and transmitting module comprises a pulse receiving and transmitting instrument and an A/D acquisition card, the pulse receiving and transmitting instrument is used for exciting three water immersion probes to simultaneously transmit ultrasonic waves and converting the received critical refraction longitudinal waves and the received vertical reflection longitudinal waves into analog voltage output signals, and the A/D acquisition card is used for converting the analog voltage output signals into digital voltage signals and transmitting the digital voltage signals to the signal processing module;
and the signal processing module is used for calculating the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured.
Preferably, the signal processing module specifically performs calculation by:
calculating the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal;
calculating the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the digital voltage output signal;
calculating residual stress of the workpiece to be measured based on the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and a pre-calibrated acoustic elastic constant; the sound elasticity constant is obtained through calibration of a unidirectional stretching experiment.
Preferably, the signal processing module is configured to, when performing the calculation of the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the displacement amount of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal, perform the following operations:
L 1 ＝2x·cotθ
wherein x is the variation of the vertical distance between the third water immersion focusing probe and the surface of the workpiece to be measured; l (L) 1 When the surface of the workpiece to be measured is horizontal, the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave; θ is the first critical refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave;the inclination angle of the surface of the workpiece to be measured; d (D) 1 Is the horizontal displacement of the probe module; l (L) 2 For the surface inclination angle of the workpiece to be measured is +>At this time, the propagation distance of the longitudinal wave is critical.
Preferably, the signal processing module is configured to perform the following operations when performing the calculation to obtain the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the digital voltage output signal:
wherein V is C Is the propagation speed of critical refraction longitudinal wave, t 2 After the distance between the third water immersion focusing probe and the surface of the workpiece to be measured is changed, the time for the first water immersion leveling probe and the second water immersion leveling probe to receive critical refraction longitudinal waves.
Preferably, the signal processing module is specifically configured to perform the following operations when performing the calculation to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured based on the critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation speed and the pre-calibrated acoustic elastic constant:
wherein sigma is residual stress; k is the acoustic elastic constant; v (V) C0 Is the propagation speed of critical refraction longitudinal wave without residual stress.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for detecting residual stress based on a critical refraction longitudinal wave, including:
acquiring the acoustic elastic constant of the workpiece to be measured;
acquiring critical refraction longitudinal waves and vertical reflection longitudinal waves of the workpiece to be detected by using the probe module; the first water immersion leveling probe and the second water immersion leveling probe are both used for generating critical refraction longitudinal waves which propagate along the surface of the material, and the third water immersion focusing probe is used for generating reflection longitudinal waves;
converting the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the vertical reflection longitudinal wave into digital voltage output signals by using the signal receiving and transmitting module;
and calculating the acoustic elastic constant, the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal by using the signal processing module to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured.
Preferably, after the calculating, by using the signal processing module, the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal, to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured, the method further includes:
and rotating the probe module by utilizing the motion module to obtain critical refraction longitudinal waves of the surface of the workpiece to be detected along different directions, and combining the two-dimensional scanning function of the motion module to realize the two-dimensional distribution detection of residual stress of the surface of the material in different directions.
Preferably, the digital voltage output signal is a time domain ultrasonic signal obtained by superposing three probe receiving signals, and the time domain ultrasonic signal comprises a vertical reflection longitudinal wave and a critical refraction longitudinal wave.
The embodiment of the invention provides a residual stress detection device and a method based on critical refraction longitudinal waves, which are used for enabling ultrasonic longitudinal waves generated by two water immersion leveling probes to propagate along the surface of a material at a first critical refraction angle according to a refraction law, and adjusting the inclination angles of the two probes so that propagation paths of the ultrasonic waves intersect at the same point; a water immersion focusing probe is vertically arranged between the two water immersion focusing probes, and the focus is adjusted to coincide with the point for exciting and receiving the reflected longitudinal wave. Moving the whole probe module downwards, and calculating the propagation distance of critical refraction longitudinal waves according to the change of the time domain characteristics of the reflection longitudinal waves and the geometric position relation of the three probes; and the whole probe module is translated or rotated, so that the residual stress of the part in different directions is detected. The method can realize nondestructive rapid detection of the distribution of the residual stress on the surface layer of the part, and provides data support for the service safety of the part and the evaluation of the fatigue performance of the part.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a residual stress detection device based on critical refraction longitudinal waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for detecting residual stress based on critical refraction longitudinal wave according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time domain signal of a probe module in an initial state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a time domain signal of a probe module metamaterial surface after downward movement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wave velocity error principle caused by non-parallel scanning axes and a sample surface inclination correction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure diagram for detecting residual stress on a surface of a material in different directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an experiment for calibrating an acoustic elastic constant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a probe module;
11-a first water immersion probe;
12-a second water immersion leveling probe;
13-a third water immersion focusing probe;
2-a motion module;
3-a signal receiving and transmitting module;
31-pulse transceiver;
a 32-A/D acquisition card;
4-a signal processing module.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As described above, the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave is affected by the distance between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, the contour of the surface of the sample, the height of the probe relative to the sample, and other factors, so that the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave is difficult to accurately measure, and the magnitude and distribution of the residual stress cannot be accurately estimated.
Specific implementations of the above concepts are described below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a device for detecting residual stress based on critical refraction longitudinal wave, wherein a sample is moved upward to refer to the downward movement of the device, and the device includes a signal processing module 4, and a probe module 1, a motion module 2 and a signal transceiver module 3, which are composed of two immersion probes obliquely arranged at a preset angle and one immersion focusing probe vertically arranged, wherein:
the probe module 1 comprises three water immersion probes connected with the same signal receiving and transmitting module, the first water immersion probe 11 and the second water immersion probe 12 are symmetrically distributed about the third water immersion focusing probe 13, the included angles of the first water immersion probe 11 and the second water immersion probe 12 and the horizontal plane are all first critical refraction angles of ultrasonic waves, the first water immersion probe 11 and the second water immersion probe 12 are used for simultaneously exciting and receiving critical refraction longitudinal waves of a workpiece to be detected and transmitting the critical refraction longitudinal waves to the signal receiving and transmitting module, the third water immersion focusing probe 13, the first water immersion probe 11 and the second water immersion probe 12 are positioned in the same plane and perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the third water immersion focusing probe 13 is used for simultaneously exciting and receiving vertical reflection longitudinal waves of the workpiece to be detected and transmitting the vertical reflection longitudinal waves to the signal receiving and transmitting module 3; meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave propagation paths of the three water immersion probes intersect at the same point on the surface of the workpiece to be detected in an initial state;
the motion module 2 is used for controlling the probe module 1 to move and transmitting the displacement of the probe module 1 to the signal processing module 4, wherein the motion comprises rotary motion, horizontal motion and vertical motion;
the signal processing module 4 is connected with the signal transceiver module 3, the signal transceiver module 3 comprises a pulse transceiver 31 and an A/D acquisition card 32, the pulse transceiver 31 is used for exciting three water immersion probes to simultaneously transmit ultrasonic waves and converting received critical refraction longitudinal waves and vertical reflection longitudinal waves into analog voltage output signals, and the A/D acquisition card 32 is used for converting the analog voltage output signals into digital voltage signals and transmitting the digital voltage signals to the signal processing module 4;
the signal processing module 4 is used for calculating the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured.
According to the refraction law, ultrasonic longitudinal waves generated by two water immersion leveling probes are transmitted along the surface of a material at a first critical refraction angle, and the inclination angles of the two probes are adjusted so that the transmission paths of the ultrasonic waves intersect at the same point; a water immersion focusing probe is vertically arranged between the two water immersion focusing probes, and the focus is adjusted to coincide with the point for exciting and receiving the reflected longitudinal wave. Moving the whole probe module downwards, and calculating the propagation distance of critical refraction longitudinal waves according to the change of the time domain characteristics of the reflected longitudinal waves and the geometric position relation of the three probes; and the whole probe module is translated or rotated to realize the detection of residual stress of the part in different directions. The method can realize nondestructive rapid detection of the distribution of the residual stress on the surface layer of the part, and provides data support for evaluation of the service safety of the part and the fatigue performance of the part.
It should be noted that, the signal output by the signal transceiver module 3 in this embodiment is a time domain ultrasonic signal after the three probes receive the signal and are superimposed, including a vertical reflection longitudinal wave and a critical refraction longitudinal wave, where the superimposed signal output after the critical refraction longitudinal waves generated by the first water leveling probe 11 and the second water leveling probe 12 are received by the same pulse transceiver can obviously enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal and improve the accuracy of acoustic propagation time measurement. And the longitudinal wave reflected signal received by the third water immersion focusing probe 13 is superimposed in the critical refraction longitudinal wave signal, and does not affect the accurate measurement of the reflected longitudinal wave time. Therefore, the simultaneous excitation and reception of ultrasonic signals of each probe in the probe module can be realized by only adopting a single-channel pulse transceiver. In addition, the three probes are connected to the same signal receiving and transmitting module, so that the hardware cost of the system and the complexity of the system can be reduced, and the cost of development equipment is reduced.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal processing module 4 specifically performs calculation by the following manner:
calculating the propagation distance of critical refraction longitudinal waves based on the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal;
calculating the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the digital voltage output signal;
calculating to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured based on the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the pre-calibrated acoustic elastic constant; the acoustic elastic constant is obtained through calibration of a unidirectional stretching experiment.
Specifically, the signal processing module 4 is configured to perform the following operations when performing the calculation of the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the displacement amount of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal:
the initial state is that the paths of ultrasonic waves excited by the three probes intersect at one point on the surface of the sample, at the moment, the sound field of the water immersion focusing probe focuses on the surface of the workpiece to be detected, and the first water immersion leveling probe 11 and the second water immersion leveling probe 12 are positioned at a first critical refraction angle theta. Firstly, obtaining the vertical distance between the probe module 1 and the surface of the workpiece to be measured at the moment of changing through the third water immersion focusing probe 13, then moving the probe module downwards to obtain the change quantity of the distance between the third water immersion focusing probe 13 and the surface of the workpiece to be measured as x, and then obtaining the accurate distance L between the moved first water immersion probe 11 and the second water immersion probe 12 according to the geometric relationship 1 . First water is soaked in waterThe probe 11 and the second water immersion probe 12 both perform excitation and reception of critical refraction longitudinal waves, so that the enhancement of signal amplitude and the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio are realized.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, the change amount of the surface distance between the third water immersion focusing probe 13 and the workpiece to be measured in the above-mentioned process may be directly read, and may also be obtained according to the time when the third water immersion focusing probe 13 receives the reflected longitudinal wave in the initial state and the calculation of receiving the reflected longitudinal wave after moving.
The calculation formula is as follows:
x＝(t 0 -t 1 )×V R
wherein V is R To reflect the propagation velocity of the longitudinal wave, t 0 The time for the third water immersion focusing probe 13 to receive the reflected longitudinal wave in the initial state; t is t 1 The time for the reflected longitudinal wave to be received by the third water immersion focusing probe 13 after the movement.
As shown in fig. 5, after the workpiece to be measured is cut, the problem that the surface of the workpiece may have a slope caused by uneven thickness, and the problem that the parallelism of two axes in the horizontal direction of the scanning moving platform is insufficient, all of which may cause the deviation of the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy of the residual stress, can be solved by the device and the related algorithm. Specifically, the vertical distance change x measured by the probe module 1 at different positions on the surface of the workpiece to be measured and the horizontal displacement D of the probe module 1 are used 1 The inclination angle of the surface of the workpiece to be detected can be calculated, and the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave when the surface is inclined can be further calculated, so that the wave velocity measurement error caused by the inclination of the surface of the workpiece to be detected in the process of detecting residual stress in different directions is eliminated.
That is, the distance between the probe module and the sample surface can be accurately measured by using the reflected longitudinal wave generated by the third water immersion focusing probe 13 in the probe module 1, so that the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave can be accurately calculated by using the geometric relationship, the inaccuracy of sound velocity measurement caused by the inclination of the sample surface can be avoided, and the measurement accuracy of residual stress can be improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave is calculated by the following formula:
L 1 ＝2x·cotθ
wherein x is the variation of the distance between the third water immersion focusing probe and the surface of the workpiece to be measured; l (L) 1 When the surface of the workpiece to be measured is horizontal, the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave; θ is the first critical refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave;the inclination angle of the surface of the workpiece to be measured; d (D) 1 Is the horizontal displacement of the probe module; l (L) 2 For the surface inclination angle of the workpiece to be measured is +>At this time, the propagation distance of the longitudinal wave is critical.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the signal processing module performs the calculation based on the propagation distance and the output critical refraction longitudinal wave digital voltage signal to obtain the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave, the signal processing module is used for performing the following operations:
as shown in fig. 4, the propagation velocity of the critical refraction longitudinal wave can be calculated from the times of the refraction longitudinal wave received by the first water leveling probe 11 and the second water leveling probe 12.
In the embodiment of the invention, the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave is calculated by the following formula:
wherein V is C Is the propagation speed of critical refraction longitudinal wave, t 2 After the distance between the third water immersion focusing probe and the surface of the workpiece to be measured is changed, the time for the first water immersion leveling probe and the second water immersion leveling probe to receive critical refraction longitudinal waves.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the signal processing module performs calculation based on the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the pre-calibrated acoustic elastic constant, the signal processing module is specifically used for performing the following operations:
wherein sigma is residual stress; k is the acoustic elastic constant; v (V) C0 Is the propagation speed of critical refraction longitudinal wave without residual stress.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting residual stress based on a critical refraction longitudinal wave, which is applied to the residual stress detecting device based on a critical refraction longitudinal wave according to any one of the above embodiments, and the method includes:
s1, acquiring an acoustic elastic constant of a workpiece to be measured;
s2, acquiring critical refraction longitudinal waves and vertical reflection longitudinal waves of a workpiece to be detected by using a probe module; the first water immersion leveling probe and the second water immersion leveling probe are both used for generating critical refraction longitudinal waves which propagate along the surface of the material, and the third water immersion focusing probe is used for generating reflection longitudinal waves;
s3, converting the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the vertical reflection longitudinal wave into digital voltage output signals by utilizing the signal receiving and transmitting module;
and S4, calculating the acoustic elastic constant, the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal by using the signal processing module to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be tested.
It can be understood that the method embodiment provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the device embodiment belong to the same inventive concept, so that the method embodiment and the device embodiment have the same beneficial effects, and are not described herein.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after calculating the displacement and the output critical refraction longitudinal wave digital voltage signal by using the signal processing module 4, the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured is obtained, the method further includes: and the probe module is rotated by the motion module to obtain critical refraction longitudinal waves of the surface of the workpiece to be detected along different directions, and the two-dimensional distribution detection of residual stress of the material surface in different directions is realized by combining the two-dimensional scanning function of the motion module. Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the probe module 1 can rotate at any angle in a plane, so as to facilitate detection of residual stress in different directions, and obtain spatial distribution of residual stress along different directions by combining a two-dimensional scanning function.
In the embodiment of the invention, the acoustic elastic constant of the workpiece to be measured is obtained by calibration of a unidirectional stretching experiment, and the method comprises the following steps: applying different stresses to the workpiece to be tested by using a tensile testing machine; based on a contact piezoelectric ultrasonic method, determining initial critical refraction longitudinal wave speeds of a workpiece to be measured under different stress conditions; and calculating to obtain the acoustic elastic constant of the workpiece to be measured based on the initial critical refraction longitudinal wave speed.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an experiment for calibrating the acoustic elastic constant, and the acoustic elastic constant is calibrated by a static tensile test method. A tensile test machine was used to apply unidirectional tensile loads of 0MPa, 100MPa, 200MPa, 300MPa, and 400MPa to the test specimen. And measuring the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave under the same distance by adopting a contact piezoelectric ultrasonic method. And obtaining critical refraction longitudinal wave speeds under 5 different stress conditions, and performing linear fitting on the data to obtain a curve slope which is the acoustic elastic constant.
That is, the longitudinal wave generated by the piezoelectric wafer propagates along the first critical refraction angle α, propagates along the surface of the material after being refracted by the surface of the material, and has a propagation distance L, and a propagation time difference Δt under different stresses, and dv is calculated according to the following formula:
in the embodiment of the invention, the acoustic elastic coefficient is calculated by the following formula:
wherein K is the acoustic elastic constant; dv is the amount of change in critical refractive longitudinal wave propagation velocity due to the change in stress; dσ is the amount of change in loading stress.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one …" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a residual stress detection device based on critical refraction longitudinal wave, includes signal processing module and comprises probe module, motion module and signal transceiver module by two water logging flat probes and a perpendicular water logging focusing probe of arranging according to the slope of preset angle, wherein:
the probe module comprises three water immersion probes connected with the same signal receiving and transmitting module, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are symmetrically distributed about a third water immersion focusing probe, the included angles of the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe and the horizontal plane are all first critical refraction angles of ultrasonic waves, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are used for simultaneously exciting and receiving critical refraction longitudinal waves and transmitting the critical refraction longitudinal waves to the signal receiving and transmitting module, the third water immersion focusing probe, the first water immersion probe and the second water immersion probe are positioned in the same plane and are vertical to the horizontal plane, and the third water immersion focusing probe is used for simultaneously exciting and receiving vertical reflection longitudinal waves and transmitting the vertical reflection longitudinal waves to the signal receiving and transmitting module;
the motion module is used for controlling the probe module to move and transmitting the displacement of the probe module to the signal processing module, and the motion comprises rotary motion, horizontal motion and vertical motion;
the signal processing module is connected with the signal receiving and transmitting module, the signal receiving and transmitting module comprises a pulse receiving and transmitting instrument and an A/D acquisition card, the pulse receiving and transmitting instrument is used for exciting three water immersion probes to simultaneously transmit ultrasonic waves and converting the received critical refraction longitudinal waves and the received vertical reflection longitudinal waves into analog voltage output signals, and the A/D acquisition card is used for converting the analog voltage output signals into digital voltage signals and transmitting the digital voltage signals to the signal processing module;
and the signal processing module is used for calculating the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module is specifically configured to calculate by:
calculating the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal;
calculating the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the digital voltage output signal;
calculating residual stress of the workpiece to be measured based on the propagation speed of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and a pre-calibrated acoustic elastic constant; the sound elasticity constant is obtained through calibration of a unidirectional stretching experiment.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the signal processing module, when performing the calculation of the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the displacement amount of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal, is configured to perform the following operations:
L 1 ＝2x·cotθ
wherein x is the variation of the vertical distance between the third water immersion focusing probe and the surface of the workpiece to be measured; l (L) 1 When the surface of the workpiece to be measured is horizontal, the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave; θ is the first critical refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave;the inclination angle of the surface of the workpiece to be measured; d (D) 1 Is the horizontal displacement of the probe module; l (L) 2 For the surface inclination angle of the workpiece to be measured is +>At this time, the propagation distance of the longitudinal wave is critical.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the signal processing module, when performing the calculation of the propagation velocity of the critical refraction longitudinal wave based on the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the digital voltage output signal, is configured to perform the following operations:
wherein V is C Is the propagation speed of critical refraction longitudinal wave, t 2 After the distance between the third water immersion focusing probe and the surface of the workpiece to be measured is changed, the time for the first water immersion leveling probe and the second water immersion leveling probe to receive critical refraction longitudinal waves.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the signal processing module is configured to, when performing the calculation of the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured based on the critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation velocity and a pre-calibrated acoustic elastic constant, perform the following operations:
wherein sigma is residual stress; k is the acoustic elastic constant; v (V) C0 Is the propagation speed of critical refraction longitudinal wave without residual stress.
6. A method for detecting residual stress based on critical refraction longitudinal wave, which is applied to the residual stress detection device based on critical refraction longitudinal wave as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
acquiring the acoustic elastic constant of the workpiece to be measured;
acquiring critical refraction longitudinal waves and vertical reflection longitudinal waves of the workpiece to be detected by using the probe module; the first water immersion leveling probe and the second water immersion leveling probe are both used for generating critical refraction longitudinal waves which propagate along the surface of the material, and the third water immersion focusing probe is used for generating reflection longitudinal waves;
converting the critical refraction longitudinal wave and the vertical reflection longitudinal wave into digital voltage output signals by using the signal receiving and transmitting module;
and calculating the acoustic elastic constant, the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal by using the signal processing module to obtain the residual stress of the workpiece to be measured.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, after said calculating the displacement of the probe module and the digital voltage output signal using the signal processing module, obtaining a residual stress of the workpiece to be measured:
and rotating the probe module by utilizing the motion module to obtain critical refraction longitudinal waves of the surface of the workpiece to be detected along different directions, and combining the two-dimensional scanning function of the motion module to realize the two-dimensional distribution detection of residual stress of the surface of the material in different directions.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the digital voltage output signal is a time domain ultrasonic signal of three probe receive signals superimposed, including a vertical reflected longitudinal wave and a critical refracted longitudinal wave.
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