CN117802364A - High-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 290
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 extrusion casting Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001278 Sr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum strontium Chemical compound [Al].[Sr] YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of aluminum alloy and preparation thereof; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5-7.5% of SiI, 0.25-0.45% of Mg,0.08-0.12% of Ti, 0.01-0.03% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, and the balance of Al and impurities. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid, deslagging, removing hydrogen, extrusion casting, solid solution and aging. According to the invention, through scientific design of the composition and preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, alpha-A l crystal grains and the eutectic S i phase are thinned, the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid is improved, the harm of hydrogen pores and inclusions to strength and plasticity is eliminated, the problem of mutual restriction between strength and plasticity is solved, and meanwhile, the strength and plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy are improved, so that the extrusion casting aluminum alloy meets the requirements of the lightweight development of various bearing structural members on the extrusion casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy and preparation thereof, in particular to a high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good electric and heat conductivity, recycling and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, rail transit, mechanical equipment and the like for manufacturing various bearing structural members. With the development of light weight of automobiles, rail transit and mechanical equipment, the comprehensive mechanical properties of aluminum alloy parts are also required to be higher, such as higher strength and plasticity, so as to improve the safety and prolong the service life. Extrusion casting is a technique of solidifying and molding an aluminum alloy liquid under the direct action of extrusion force. The extrusion casting technology has a strong feeding function, and is very suitable for producing high-strength aluminum alloy parts.
The invention patent document with publication number of CN112375941A describes an extrusion casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the tensile strength of the disclosed aluminum alloy material is 329.85-354.23MPa, the yield strength is 222.07-224.88MPa, and the elongation is 2.64-2.8%.
The invention patent document with publication number of CN108251714A describes extrusion casting high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy and extrusion casting method thereof, and the disclosed aluminum alloy material has tensile strength of 351.4-395.1MPa, yield strength of 303.8-345.2MPa and elongation of 6.2-7.2%.
The invention patent document with publication number of CN108796317A describes semi-solid extrusion casting aluminum alloy suitable for new energy automobiles and a preparation method thereof, wherein the tensile strength of the disclosed aluminum alloy is more than 420MPa, the yield strength is more than 380MPa, the heat conductivity coefficient is more than 160W/m.K, but the elongation is less than 1%.
From the aspects of production practice and document data retrieval results, the existing squeeze casting aluminum alloy has the contradiction problem of mutual restriction and conflict between strength and plasticity, namely the existing squeeze casting aluminum alloy has high strength and low plasticity or has high plasticity and low strength, so that the strength and the plasticity of the existing squeeze casting aluminum alloy cannot meet the requirements of the lightweight development of various bearing stress structural parts on the squeeze casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high plasticity. Accordingly, the existing extrusion cast aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof have yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the extrusion casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high plasticity and the preparation method thereof are provided, and the components and the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy are scientifically designed, so that the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy are improved, and the extrusion casting aluminum alloy meets the requirements of the lightweight development of various bearing stress structural parts on the extrusion casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high plasticity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.25 to 0.45 percent of Mg,0.08 to 0.12 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Sr, not more than 0.15 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Wherein S i and Mg are the main strengthening elements of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, and Si and Mg can form Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase obviously enhances the strength of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, and the higher the content of S i and Mg, the higher the strength of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, but the higher the content of S i and Mg, the lower the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy. Preferably, the S i content is 6.5-7.5% and the Mg content is 0.25-0.45%.
T i is in the form of aluminum-titanium alloy in extrusion casting of aluminum alloy, and has the main effects of thinning coarse dendritic alpha-Al grains, improving uniformity of structural components of the aluminum alloy and improving casting fluidity, strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy. The T i content is too low, and the grain refinement effect is not obvious; however, too high a Ti content does not significantly improve the grain refining effect, but rather increases the production cost. Therefore, the T i content is preferably 0.08 to 0.12%.
Sr exists in the extrusion casting aluminum alloy in the form of aluminum-strontium alloy and has the main function of refining and modifying eutectic Si phase. The eutectic S i phase is generally distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix in the form of coarse flakes, and the coarse flakes S i phase severely fracture the aluminum alloy matrix, which is an important cause of low strength, particularly low plasticity, of the extrusion cast aluminum alloy. 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Sr is added, so that the form of eutectic Si in the extrusion casting aluminum alloy is changed from coarse flaky to fine and uniform granular or fibrous, and the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy can be obviously improved.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in extrusion-cast aluminum alloys, and is generally distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix in the form of a coarse acicular Fe-rich phase, which severely cracks the aluminum alloy matrix, and is an important cause of lower strength, particularly lower plasticity, of extrusion-cast aluminum alloys. Therefore, the content of Fe as an impurity element must be strictly controlled so that the content of Fe is not more than 0.15%.
Further, among other impurities, the single element accounts for not more than 0.05%, and the total amount is not more than 0.15%.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy prepares the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy, and comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 700-730 ℃;
s2: argon is used as a carrier, a current carrying refining agent is used for carrying out deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a blowing refining mode, and then scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is removed; specifically, argon is adopted as a carrier, and a powdery refining agent is sprayed into aluminum alloy liquid through a powder spraying tank to refine and remove slag;
s3: introducing mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode to perform dehydrogenation treatment;
s4: forming aluminum alloy by extrusion casting of the aluminum alloy liquid;
s5: and carrying out solid solution and aging treatment on the aluminum alloy to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Further, in step S1, the raw materials for providing the corresponding elements may be pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum silicon alloys, aluminum titanium alloys and aluminum strontium alloys, and after calculation and weighing, the raw materials are melted into aluminum alloy liquid by selecting a melting furnace, and then the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is raised to 700-730 ℃, so that the temperature range not only ensures that the aluminum alloy liquid has higher fluidity, but also reduces oxidation damage of the aluminum alloy liquid due to overhigh temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing oxidation burning loss of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The inclusions in the aluminum alloy liquid are mainly oxides, particularly aluminum oxide, and mainly originate from oxide films (aluminum oxide films) on the surfaces of raw materials such as aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, alloys and the like, and oxides (aluminum oxide) generated by the oxidation of the aluminum alloy liquid in the smelting process, and other inclusions also include combustion products of non-aluminum materials, broken slag of furnace lining and the like. If the inclusions remain in the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, the inclusions form looseness, fracture an aluminum matrix, break the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy, locally generate stress concentration, become crack sources and crack propagation directions of fracture of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, and finally reduce the strength and plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy. For this reason, it is necessary to refine the aluminum alloy liquid.
Further, in step S2, the purity of the argon is not lower than 99.99% to prevent other gases from reacting with elements in the aluminum alloy liquid to form compounds; namely, in order to obtain a better deslagging effect, and simultaneously, the aluminum alloy liquid does not cause hydrogen absorption, oxidation or other chemical reactions, and argon with high purity is required to be selected as carrier gas. It should be noted that argon does not react with the aluminum alloy liquid and does not cause aluminum nitride to be mixed in the aluminum alloy liquid, so that aluminum slag containing aluminum nitride is not generated, compared with conventionally used nitrogen.
Further, in the step S2, the consumption of the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, and the blowing refining time is 10-20min so as to ensure the refining slag removal effect and reduce the production cost; specifically, the amount of the refining agent is not too small, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid during refining is not too low, the refining time is not too short, and the deslagging effect is not ideal. The amount of the refining agent is not too large, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid during refining is not too high, the refining time is not too long, and if not, the oxidation and hydrogen absorption of the aluminum alloy liquid are increased, and the production cost is increased.
Further, in the step S3, the purity of the argon is not lower than 99.99%, the purity of the chlorine is not lower than 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 10-15%; the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1-2m 3 And/min, wherein the time for removing hydrogen is 10-20min. Specifically, the gas in the aluminum alloy liquid is mainly hydrogen, and mainly comes from the reaction of the aluminum alloy liquid and water vapor in the smelting process, including the water vapor contained in the air, the water brought by furnace burden and fuel gas, and the like. The hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid is usually 0.3-0.5mL/100gAl before degassing. Hydrogen is mainly distributed in an aluminum alloy liquid in an atomic or ionic state in gaps among aluminum atoms, and a small amount of hydrogen is suspended in the aluminum alloy liquid in a molecular bubble form. The solubility of hydrogen in aluminum alloy liquid gradually decreases with decreasing temperature. The solubility of hydrogen in solid aluminum is very low, and a large number of hydrogen atoms gradually enrich, nucleate and grow up among crystals in the solidification process of aluminum alloy liquid, and finally expand to form hydrogen pores. The step S3 can effectively perform dehydrogenation treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid to ensure thatA large amount of hydrogen is separated out, so that hydrogen is prevented from remaining in the extrusion casting aluminum alloy to form hydrogen holes, the compactness of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy is improved, a Kong Gelie aluminum matrix of hydrogen is prevented, and the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy is damaged; the local stress concentration is avoided, and the stress is prevented from becoming a crack source and a crack propagation direction for the fracture of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy; finally improving and ensuring the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy. In addition, the chlorine is added into the mixed gas, and the hydrogen atoms in the aluminum alloy liquid are easy to combine and take away the hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid due to the active nature of the chlorine, so that the hydrogen removal effect can be obviously improved, and the higher the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is, the better the hydrogen removal effect is.
Further, in step S3, hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid is removed in a bubbling mode, on one hand, the aluminum alloy liquid is stirred when bubbles float upwards, so that dead angles of hydrogen removal of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace are avoided, and the hydrogen removal efficiency of the aluminum alloy liquid is improved. The structure for realizing bubbling can be characterized in that a plurality of porous air bricks are arranged at the bottom of a melting furnace, then mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine is introduced into aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air bricks, the mixed gas is decomposed into tiny and uniform small bubbles after passing through the porous air bricks, the small bubbles capture hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is brought out by floating, so that the degassing effect is realized. A plurality of porous air bricks are uniformly arranged, and the air bricks are added to decompose the mixed gas into tiny and uniform small bubbles, so that the bubbles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid.
Further, in the step S4, during extrusion casting, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690-700 ℃, the die temperature is 350-400 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 100-150MPa, the filling speed is 0.5-0.8m/S, and the dwell time is 5-10S. Specifically, the compactness and the mold filling integrity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy are closely related to those of the extrusion casting process, the combination of the extrusion casting process is unreasonable, and the extrusion casting aluminum alloy with compact structure and complete mold filling cannot be obtained; also, extrusion-cast aluminum alloys with high strength and high plasticity cannot be obtained. According to the invention, through a large number of experimental researches, the extrusion casting aluminum alloy with compact structure and complete filling can be obtained under the conditions that the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690-700 ℃, the die temperature is 350-400 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 100-150MPa, the filling speed is 0.5-0.8m/s and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10s.
Further, in the step S5, the solution treatment is to heat the aluminum alloy for 2-3 hours in the environment of 540-550 ℃, and then water-cool to room temperature; the aging treatment is to heat the aluminum alloy after solution treatment for 3-4 hours in the environment of 160-170 ℃ and then cool the aluminum alloy to room temperature along with the furnace. In particular, solutionizing and aging are important means for further improving the strength of extrusion cast aluminum alloys. The traditional extrusion casting aluminum alloy has lower solid solution and aging temperatures, so that the production efficiency of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy is low, and the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy are not optimally combined. The invention carries out a great deal of research and study on the solid solution and aging process, heats the extrusion casting aluminum alloy for 2-3 hours at 540-550 ℃ for solid solution, then puts the extrusion casting aluminum alloy into water for cooling to room temperature, heats the extrusion casting aluminum alloy for 3-4 hours at 160-170 ℃ for aging, then cools the extrusion casting aluminum alloy to room temperature along with a furnace, not only can greatly improve the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, but also greatly shortens the total heating time, is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption and the production cost when the extrusion casting aluminum alloy is subjected to solid solution aging, and greatly improves the production efficiency of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Further, in step S2, the refining agent used in the blowing refining is powder with a particle size not greater than 2mm, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45.1% ZnCl 2 ，25.3％K 2 CO 3 ，7.6％NaNO 3 ，11.5％KF，6.3％K 2 SO 4 ，4.2％L i 2 SO 4 。
Further, the refining agent can be prepared simultaneously when preparing the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy, and can also be stored after being prepared in advance and used when preparing the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy; the preparation of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
a1: the raw materials are proportioned according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the refining agent;
a2: heating the raw materials to 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon to melt, and then cooling and solidifying the raw materials into refining agent blocks;
a3: and (3) crushing the refining agent blocks into powder to obtain the refining agent.
Further, the purity of the raw material in the step A1 is not less than 99.8%; the purity of the argon in the step A2 is not lower than 99.99 percent; the grain size of the refining agent is not more than 2mm.
The deslagging effect of the aluminum alloy liquid is closely related to the component composition and the preparation method of the refining agent besides the refining process. The existing commercial refining agent is mainly prepared by directly crushing and mixing raw materials such as sodium salt, fluoride salt, chloride salt and hexachloroethane, and the components of the refining agent are mutually independent, so that the refining agent has high melting point and low deslagging efficiency, and even if a large amount of refining agent is used, high-purity aluminum alloy liquid cannot be obtained. In order to improve the refining effect, the invention obtains the refining agent through a large amount of experimental research and study, and the refining agent is ZnCl 2 And K 2 CO 3 As main component, is added with a small amount of NaNO 3 、KF、K 2 SO 4 And L i 2 SO 4 At the same time, breaking through the traditional mechanical mixing preparation method, firstly heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon, then cooling, solidifying and crushing the raw materials into a powdery refining agent, znCl 2 Has a melting point of about 290 ℃ and NaNO 3 The melting point is 306.8 ℃, K 2 CO 3 Has a melting point of 891 ℃, KF of 858 ℃, K 2 SO 4 Is at 1069 ℃ and L i 2 SO 4 The melting point of the catalyst is 859 ℃, although K 2 CO 3 、KF、K 2 SO 4 、L i 2 SO 4 Higher melting point of (C), but by melting and solidification crystallization, K 2 CO 3 KF.K having a melting point of only 688 ℃ with KF 2 CO 3 Co-crystals, K 2 SO 4 And L i 2 SO 4 Forming K with melting point of 716℃ only 2 SO 4 ·Li 2 SO 4 Eutectic, the melting point of the refining agent is greatly reduced, the refining agent is easier to be melted in aluminum alloy liquid, znCl 2 To decompose Cl 2 ，K 2 CO 3 CO is decomposed 2 ，NaNO 3 To decompose N 2 、CO 2 And NO gas, a large amount of bubbles capture inclusions in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and the slag removal effect is achieved efficiently. K (K) 2 SO 4 ·L i 2 SO 4 The eutectic is melted into liquid molten salt, has good wetting spheroidization on impurities such as alumina, promotes the separation of the impurities and aluminum alloy liquid, and can further improve the deslagging efficiency. In addition, the refining agent does not contain sodium salt and hexachloroethane, only contains a small amount of fluoride salt, and is more environment-friendly to use.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention can refine coarse dendritic alpha-Al crystal grains and coarse flaky eutectic Si phase by scientifically designing the composition and the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, thereby improving the purity of aluminum alloy liquid, eliminating the harm of coarse dendritic alpha-Al crystal grains, coarse flaky eutectic Si phase, hydrogen pores and inclusions to the strength and plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, greatly improving the strength and the plasticity of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, leading the tensile strength of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy to be not lower than 300MPa, the yield strength to be not lower than 270MPa and the elongation after break to be not lower than 8 percent, and compared with the extrusion casting aluminum alloy of the same type A356 and ZL101, the strength of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention is improved by more than 10 percent, and the plasticity is improved by more than 50 percent. In addition, the invention also greatly shortens the heating time of solid solution and aging of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy, is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption during solid solution aging, reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of the high strength, high plasticity extrusion cast aluminum alloy of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the high strength, high plasticity extrusion cast aluminum alloy of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the high strength, high plasticity extrusion cast aluminum alloy of example 3.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the high strength, high plasticity extrusion cast aluminum alloy of example 4.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: s i (6.9%), mg (0.41%), T i (0.09%), sr (0.02%), fe in a proportion of not more than 0.15%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities in which the individual elements in the total amount is not more than 0.05%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy disclosed in the present example 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 710 ℃;
s2: argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is taken as a carrier and carries a refining agent accounting for 0.15 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, slag removal treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy liquid for 16min in a blowing refining way, and then scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is removed;
s3: the bottom of the furnace is uniformly distributed with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, the mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 15 minutes for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 12%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1.6m 3 /min；
S4: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy by extrusion under the conditions that the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 695 ℃, the die temperature is 380 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 120MPa, the filling speed is 0.7m/s and the pressure maintaining time is 6 s;
s5: heating the aluminum alloy at 545 ℃ for 2.5h for solution treatment, then putting the aluminum alloy into water for cooling to room temperature, heating the aluminum alloy at 165 ℃ for 3.5h for aging treatment, and cooling the aluminum alloy to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: s i (7.2%), mg (0.39%), ti (0.11%), sr (0.017%), fe in a proportion of not more than 0.15%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities in which the individual elements in the other impurities in a proportion of not more than 0.05% are present in a total amount of not more than 0.15%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the high-strength high-plasticity aluminum alloy disclosed in the present example 2, comprising the steps of:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 720 ℃;
s2: taking argon with the purity of 99.99 percent as a carrier and carrying a refining agent accounting for 0.1 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by blowing and refining for 10min, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
s3: the bottom of the furnace is uniformly distributed with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, the mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 20 minutes for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 15%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 2m 3 /min；
S4: casting aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy by extrusion under the conditions that the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 695 ℃, the die temperature is 360 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 140MPa, the filling speed is 0.6m/s and the pressure maintaining time is 8 s;
s5: heating the aluminum alloy at 540 ℃ for 3h for solution treatment, then putting the aluminum alloy into water for cooling to room temperature, heating the aluminum alloy at 170 ℃ for 3h for aging treatment, and cooling the aluminum alloy to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, a high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: s i (7.5%), mg (0.25%), T i (0.12%), sr (0.01%), fe in a proportion of not more than 0.15%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities in which the individual elements in the total amount is not more than 0.05%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the high strength and high plasticity aluminum alloy disclosed in this example 3, comprising the steps of:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and mass percent of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 730 ℃;
s2: taking argon with the purity of 99.99 percent as a carrier and carrying a refining agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by blowing and refining for 20min, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
s3: the bottom of the furnace is uniformly distributed with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, the mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 10 minutes for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 10%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1m 3 /min；
S4: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy by extrusion under the conditions that the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 700 ℃, the die temperature is 350 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 150MPa, the filling speed is 0.5m/s and the pressure maintaining time is 10 s;
s5: heating the aluminum alloy at 540 ℃ for 3h for solution treatment, then putting the aluminum alloy into water for cooling to room temperature, heating the aluminum alloy at 160 ℃ for 4h for aging treatment, and cooling the aluminum alloy to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 3, a high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: s i (6.5%), mg (0.45%), T i (0.08%), sr (0.03%), fe with a proportion of not more than 0.15%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities in which the individual elements are not more than 0.05% and the total amount is not more than 0.15%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the high strength and high plasticity aluminum alloy disclosed in this example 4, comprising the steps of:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 700 ℃;
s2: taking argon with the purity of 99.99 percent as a carrier and carrying a refining agent accounting for 0.1 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by blowing and refining for 10min, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
s3: the bottom of the furnace is uniformly distributed with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, the mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 20 minutes for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 15%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 2m 3 /min；
S4: casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy by extrusion under the conditions that the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690 ℃, the die temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 100MPa, the filling speed is 0.8m/s and the pressure maintaining time is 5 s;
s5: heating the aluminum alloy at 550 ℃ for 2h for solution treatment, then putting the aluminum alloy into water for cooling to room temperature, heating the aluminum alloy at 170 ℃ for 3h for aging treatment, and cooling the aluminum alloy to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
Example 5
Any one of examples 1 to 4 proposes a powdery refining agent having a particle diameter of not more than 2mm, as the refining agent used in any one of examples 1 to 4, composed of the following components in mass percent: 45.1% ZnCl 2 ，25.3％K 2 CO 3 ，7.6％NaNO 3 ，11.5％KF，6.3％K 2 SO 4 ，4.2％L i 2 SO 4 . The preparation method of the refining agent comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1: znCl 2, K2CO3, naNO3, KF, K2SO4 and L i with the purity of 99.8 percent are selected 2 SO 4 The raw materials are proportioned according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the refining agent;
a2: heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and then cooling and solidifying the raw materials into refining agent blocks;
a3: and (3) crushing the refining agent blocks into powder with the particle size of 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 6
This example provides some comparative examples that can be compared to those disclosed in examples 1-5; the method comprises the following steps:
comparative example 1, an extrusion cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The preparation process parameters of the aluminum alloy are the same as those of the example 1, except that no aluminum-titanium alloy is added to the aluminum alloy, namely the aluminum alloy disclosed in the comparative example 1 does not contain Ti; specifically, the aluminum alloy in this comparative example consists of the following components in percentage by mass: s i (6.9%), mg (0.41%), sr (0.02%), fe less than or equal to 0.15%, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15%.
Comparative example 2, an extrusion cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The composition of the aluminum alloy and the preparation process parameters thereof are the same as those of the example 2, except that in the preparation method for preparing the aluminum alloy in the comparative example 2, the refining agent used in the step S2 is a commercially available refining agent commonly used at present, namely, the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26.1% NaCl,10.6% Na 2 S iF 6 ，17.1％Na 2 SO 4 ，6.9％CaF 2 ，9.3％C 6 C l 6 ，14.3％Na 2 S 2 O 3 And 15.7% NaF, the preparation method of the refining agent is that the raw materials are directly crushed into powder with the particle size not more than 2mm and then mixed.
Comparative example 3, an extrusion cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The composition of the aluminum alloy and the production process parameters thereof were the same as those of example 3, except that in the production method for producing the aluminum alloy in this comparative example 3, step S3 was performed without introducing a mixed gas composed of argon and chlorine into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick for dehydrogenation treatment.
Comparative example 4, an extrusion cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The composition of the aluminum alloy and the production process parameters thereof were the same as in example 4 except that in the production method for producing the aluminum alloy in this comparative example 3, the aging process of the aluminum alloy in step S5 was heating at 140 ℃ for 8 hours.
Comparative analyses were performed on the disclosures of examples 1-5 and the comparative examples disclosed in example 6. Examples 1-4 were identified as follows.
Verification example 1
Melting points of the refining agent disclosed in example 5 (refining agent-example 5) and the refining agent used in comparative example 2 (refining agent-comparative example 2) were measured using an OXFORD-DSC500 type differential scanning calorimeter, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: melting point contrast of refining agent
| Refining agent-example 5 | Refining agent-comparative example 2 | |
| Melting initiation temperature/. Degree.C | 290 | 564 |
| Melting end temperature/. Degree.C | 716 | 1249 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the melting start temperature of the refining agent-example 5 was 290℃and the melting end temperature was only 716 ℃. The melting start temperature of the refining agent-comparative example 2 was 564℃and the melting end temperature was 1249 ℃. As can be seen by comparison, the refining agent developed by the invention has lower melting initial temperature and melting end temperature, which shows that the refining agent developed by the invention is easier to be melted in aluminum alloy liquid, thereby being beneficial to improving the deslagging effect.
Verification example 2
The hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquids before extrusion casting of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured in situ using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Ana lyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: comparing the hydrogen content with the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | Slag content/(mm) 2 /kg) | |
| Example 1 | 0.085 | 0.065 |
| Example 2 | 0.092 | 0.078 |
| Example 3 | 0.079 | 0.071 |
| Example 4 | 0.089 | 0.073 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.084 | 0.067 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.093 | 0.152 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.168 | 0.079 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.091 | 0.074 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the aluminum alloy liquids in examples 1 to 4 each had a hydrogen content of less than 0.1ml/100gAl and a slag content of less than 0.08mm 2 /kgAl. In contrast, in comparative example 2, the conventional commercial refining agent was used for in-furnace blowing refining, and in comparative example 3, argon and chlorine were not introduced through the bottom air brick for dehydrogenation, so that the gas slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before extrusion casting of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 was higher than that of the aluminum alloy liquid before extrusion casting of the examples. As can be seen by comparison, the cleanliness of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy can be greatly improved by adopting the method.
Verification example 3
Samples were taken from the high-strength and high-plasticity squeeze-cast aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the squeeze-cast aluminum alloys obtained in comparative examples 1 to 4, and room-temperature stretching was performed on an electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, and the squeeze-cast aluminum alloys were examined for tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: room temperature tensile mechanical properties of extrusion cast aluminum alloys
As can be seen from Table 3, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 4 was not lower than 300MPa, the yield strength was not lower than 270MPa, and the elongation after breaking was not lower than 8%. The aluminum alloy disclosed in comparative example 1 was subjected to grain refining treatment without adding aluminum-titanium alloy, the aluminum alloy disclosed in comparative example 2 was subjected to slag removal treatment by using a conventional commercial refining agent, the aluminum alloy disclosed in comparative example 3 was subjected to dehydrogenation by using no furnace bottom air brick, and the aluminum alloy disclosed in comparative example 4 was subjected to conventional aging process, resulting in lower strength and plasticity of the extrusion cast aluminum alloy. As can be seen by comparison, the invention refines the coarse dendritic alpha-Al crystal grains and the coarse flaky eutectic Si phase by scientifically designing the composition and the preparation process of the die-cast aluminum alloy, improves the purity of aluminum alloy liquid, eliminates the harm of the coarse dendritic alpha-Al crystal grains, the coarse flaky eutectic S i phase, hydrogen pores and inclusions to the strength and the plasticity of the die-cast aluminum alloy, and can greatly improve the strength and the plasticity of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
Verification example 4
Samples were taken from the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 4, and observed on a LEIKA-1800 metallographic microscope after grinding, polishing and etching, wherein FIG. 1 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the aluminum alloy in example 1, FIG. 2 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the aluminum alloy in example 2, FIG. 3 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the aluminum alloy in example 3, and FIG. 4 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the aluminum alloy in example 4. As can be seen from FIGS. 1-4, the α -Al grains and eutectic Si phase of the extrusion cast aluminum alloy of the present invention are fine, and coarse dendritic α -Al grains and coarse lamellar eutectic S i phases are not seen.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. The extrusion casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high plasticity is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.25 to 0.45 percent of Mg,0.08 to 0.12 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Sr, not more than 0.15 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; in other impurities, the content of single elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
2. A method for preparing the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 700-730 ℃;
s2: argon is used as a carrier, a current carrying refining agent is used for carrying out deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a blowing refining mode, and then scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is removed;
s3: introducing mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode to perform dehydrogenation treatment;
s4: forming aluminum alloy by extrusion casting of the aluminum alloy liquid;
s5: and carrying out solid solution and aging treatment on the aluminum alloy to obtain the high-strength high-plasticity extrusion casting aluminum alloy.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S2, the purity of argon is not lower than 99.99%.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the consumption of the refining agent is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, and the blowing refining time is 10-20min.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S3, the purity of the argon is not lower than 99.99 percent, the purity of the chlorine is not lower than 99.99 percent, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 10-15 percent; the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1-2m 3 And/min, wherein the time for removing hydrogen is 10-20min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S4, during extrusion casting, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690-700 ℃, the die temperature is 350-400 ℃, the extrusion specific pressure is 100-150MPa, the mold filling speed is 0.5-0.8m/S, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10S.
7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S5, the solid solution treatment is to heat the aluminum alloy for 2-3 hours in the environment of 540-550 ℃, and then cool the aluminum alloy to room temperature; the aging treatment is to heat the aluminum alloy after solution treatment for 3-4 hours in the environment of 160-170 ℃ and then cool the aluminum alloy to room temperature along with the furnace.
8. The method of any one of claims 2-7, wherein: in the step S2, the refining agent used in the jet refining is powder with the particle size not more than 2mm, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45.1% ZnCl 2 ，25.3％K 2 CO 3 ，7.6％NaNO 3 ，11.5％KF，6.3％K 2 SO 4 ，4.2％Li 2 SO 4 。
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 8, wherein: the preparation of the refining agent comprises the following steps: a1: the raw materials are proportioned according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the refining agent;
a2: heating and melting raw materials under the protection of argon, and then cooling and solidifying the raw materials into a refining agent block;
a3: and (3) crushing the refining agent blocks into powder to obtain the refining agent.
10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein: the purity of the raw material in the step A1 is not lower than 99.8%; the purity of the argon in the step A2 is not lower than 99.99 percent.
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