CN117791841A - Automatic transfer switch method based on interlocking mechanism - Google Patents
Automatic transfer switch method based on interlocking mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN117791841A CN117791841A CN202311583920.6A CN202311583920A CN117791841A CN 117791841 A CN117791841 A CN 117791841A CN 202311583920 A CN202311583920 A CN 202311583920A CN 117791841 A CN117791841 A CN 117791841A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic transfer switch method based on an interlocking mechanism, which is characterized in that three-phase mains supply, single-phase mains supply, a vehicle-mounted power station and a power taking motor are automatically switched to an input source with low priority when an input source with high priority is disconnected and to an input source with high priority when an input source with high priority is connected according to the priority of three-phase mains supply > single-phase mains supply > vehicle-mounted power station > power taking motor by the interlocking mechanism of a contactor, an auxiliary contact of the contactor and an intermediate relay. The method ensures that only one input source is output at the same time under the cooperation of three linkages, namely mechanical linkage, control linkage and feedback linkage. The method of the invention completely uses a hardware interlocking mechanism, not only can realize automatic switching of the switch according to priority, but also can ensure accurate switching action of each time through cooperation of three kinds of linkage, and can well solve the safety problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to automatic power supply conversion of a vehicle-mounted power supply and distribution system, in particular to an automatic change-over switch method based on an interlocking mechanism.
Background
At present, automobiles play more roles in life, and the functions of the automobiles are more and more, such as military command vehicles, news media vehicles, household motor home and cold chain transport vehicles, and the common characteristics of the automobiles are that the number of electric equipment on the automobiles is large, the power consumption of the electric equipment is large, the automobiles are not always in running, but the electric equipment on the automobiles needs to keep working. If the power is generated by taking power from the engine or the power is taken by inverting the battery, no matter the power is used for an oil car or an electric car, the power consumption is fast, the power supply duration is short, and the long-time working requirement is difficult to meet. How to introduce the commercial power into the electric equipment on the vehicle quickly and conveniently, and switch the commercial power and the vehicle-mounted power supply safely and reliably is the key for solving the problem.
The four types of automobiles described above often have no mains supply interface or only have one path of mains supply interface, and the power supply switching is realized by a software control or manual plugging mode, and the software control is easy to realize automatic switching, but has high requirements on software control programs, controllers used by the software and software control circuits, and has high switching risk, and the software has no hardware interlocking protection for strong current switching, so that potential safety hazards can be formed once the software is out of control.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic transfer switch method based on an interlocking mechanism, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an automatic transfer switch method based on an interlocking mechanism, which comprises the following steps: ac contactor one KM1, ac contactor two KM2, ac contactor three KM3, ac contactor four KM4, ac contactor auxiliary contact one X1, ac contactor auxiliary contact two X2, ac contactor auxiliary contact three X3, ac contactor auxiliary contact four X4, intermediate relay one K1, intermediate relay two K2, intermediate relay three K3, intermediate relay four K4, intermediate relay five K5;
three-phase commercial power is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor one KM1, single-phase commercial power is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor two KM2, a vehicle-mounted power station is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor three KM3, and a power taking motor is connected into and output from an alternating-current contactor four KM 4.
Compared with the prior art, the automatic transfer switching method based on the interlocking mechanism adopts the interlocking mechanism, utilizes self-locking interlocking among relays and between the relays and auxiliary contacts to realize that 4 paths of input sources are automatically switched to output according to the priority of three-phase mains supply > single-phase mains supply > vehicle-mounted power station > power taking motor, and ensures that only one input source is output at the same time under the cooperation of three linkages of mechanical linkage, control linkage and feedback linkage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an automatic transfer switching method based on an interlocking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, but not all embodiments, which do not constitute limitations of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The terms that may be used herein will first be described as follows:
the term "and/or" is intended to mean that either or both may be implemented, e.g., X and/or Y are intended to include both the cases of "X" or "Y" and the cases of "X and Y".
The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" or other similar referents are to be construed to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example: including a particular feature (e.g., a starting material, component, ingredient, carrier, formulation, material, dimension, part, means, mechanism, apparatus, step, procedure, method, reaction condition, processing condition, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product or article of manufacture, etc.), should be construed as including not only a particular feature but also other features known in the art that are not explicitly recited.
The term "consisting of … …" is meant to exclude any technical feature element not explicitly listed. If such term is used in a claim, the term will cause the claim to be closed, such that it does not include technical features other than those specifically listed, except for conventional impurities associated therewith. If the term is intended to appear in only a clause of a claim, it is intended to limit only the elements explicitly recited in that clause, and the elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claim.
Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like should be construed broadly to include, for example: the connecting device can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms herein above will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," etc. refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for ease of description and to simplify the description, and do not explicitly or implicitly indicate that the apparatus or element in question must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
What is not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples of the present invention and are carried out according to the conditions conventional in the art or suggested by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used in the examples of the present invention were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's knowledge.
The invention relates to an automatic transfer switch method based on an interlocking mechanism, which comprises the following steps: ac contactor one KM1, ac contactor two KM2, ac contactor three KM3, ac contactor four KM4, ac contactor auxiliary contact one X1, ac contactor auxiliary contact two X2, ac contactor auxiliary contact three X3, ac contactor auxiliary contact four X4, intermediate relay one K1, intermediate relay two K2, intermediate relay three K3, intermediate relay four K4, intermediate relay five K5;
three-phase commercial power is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor one KM1, single-phase commercial power is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor two KM2, a vehicle-mounted power station is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor three KM3, and a power taking motor is connected into and output from an alternating-current contactor four KM 4.
The auxiliary contact X1, the auxiliary contact X2, the auxiliary contact three X3 and the auxiliary contact four X4 of the alternating-current contactor are respectively mechanically linked with the first KM1, the second KM2, the third KM3 and the fourth KM4 of the alternating-current contactor, the first K1, the second K2, the third K3 and the fourth K4 of the intermediate relay are respectively in control linkage with the first KM1, the second KM2, the third KM3 and the fourth KM4 of the alternating-current contactor, and the fifth K5 of the intermediate relay is in feedback linkage with the first KM1, the second KM2, the third KM3 and the fourth KM4 of the alternating-current contactor.
The first intermediate relay K1 restricts the actions of the second intermediate relay K2, the third intermediate relay K3 and the fourth intermediate relay K4, the second intermediate relay K2 restricts the actions of the third intermediate relay K3 and the fourth intermediate relay K4, and the third intermediate relay K3 restricts the actions of the fourth intermediate relay K4.
The auxiliary contact X1, the auxiliary contact II X2, the auxiliary contact III X3 and the auxiliary contact IV X4 of the alternating current contactor complete the self-locking function of the alternating current contactor, the five K5 intermediate relay complete the output power-off feedback function of the system, and a new input source is allowed to be connected only after the output power is off.
The method can automatically convert the three-phase input source and the single-phase input source.
In summary, according to the automatic transfer switching method based on the interlocking mechanism, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, through the interlocking mechanism of the contactor, the auxiliary contact of the contactor and the intermediate relay, the three-phase mains supply, the single-phase mains supply, the vehicle-mounted power station and the power taking motor are automatically switched according to the priority three-phase mains supply > single-phase mains supply > vehicle-mounted power station > power taking motor, when the input source with high priority is disconnected, the input source with low priority is automatically switched, and when the input source with high priority is connected, the input source with high priority is automatically switched. The method ensures that only one input source is output at the same time under the cooperation of three linkages, namely mechanical linkage, control linkage and feedback linkage. The method of the invention completely uses a hardware interlocking mechanism, not only can realize automatic switching of the switch according to priority, but also can ensure accurate switching action of each time through cooperation of three kinds of linkage. Because of the voltage and phase difference of different alternating current input sources, potential safety hazards can be formed when a plurality of input sources are connected at the same time.
The automatic power transfer switch can automatically introduce commercial power into the automobile, is compatible with three-phase commercial power and single-phase commercial power, can be quickly switched with other power supply input sources on the automobile, ensures normal operation of electric equipment of the automobile, and reduces energy consumption in the automobile. The automatic power supply change-over switch can realize automatic power supply switching only through an electric component interlocking mechanism, software control is not needed, and the automatic power supply change-over switch can be easily compatible with a power distribution system of an automobile, and is high in adaptability and safety and reliability.
The invention solves the following difficulties:
when the four paths of input sources supply power, the four paths of input sources are accessed according to the priority through a hardware interlocking mechanism, and the four paths of input sources are accessed first with high priority. The four paths of input sources are powered on and off at will, and the system can automatically switch the input sources with relatively high priority to supply power. Only one input source is ensured to be accessed at the same time through a hardware mechanism. In the automatic switching process, the three-phase mains supply is divided into three paths of single-phase mains supply to supply power to the single-phase electric equipment.
In order to more clearly demonstrate the technical scheme and the technical effects provided by the invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is given by way of specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the automatic transfer switching method based on the interlocking mechanism of the present invention includes: 4 ac contactors (KM 1, KM2, KM3, KM 4), 4 auxiliary contacts (X1, X2, X3, X4), 5 intermediate relays (K1, K2, K3, K4, K5).
KM1, KM2, KM3 and KM4 are AC contactors with 4 normally open contacts, X1, X2, X3 and X4 are AC contactor auxiliary switches with 1 normally open contact, K1 and K5 are four-pole double-throw relays, K2 is a three-pole double-throw relay, and K3 and K4 are double-pole double-throw relays.
Three-phase commercial power is connected into and output through KM1, single-phase commercial power is connected into and output through KM2, and an on-board power station is connected into and output through KM3, and a power taking motor is connected into and output through KM 4.
When the single-phase mains supply is connected to output through the KM2, 1, 3 and 5 points of the KM2 are connected with the L of the single-phase mains supply, 7 points of the KM2 are connected with the N of the single-phase mains supply, the single-phase mains supply is divided into 3 paths through 1/2, 3/4 and 5/6 on the KM2, and the L1, the L2 and the L3 are connected to realize compatible connection of the three-phase mains supply and the single-phase mains supply, so that the single-phase mains supply is suitable for AC220V electric equipment.
When there is only three-phase mains supply: 1L1 is electrified, a coil A1/A2 of the KM1 cannot be connected because a 9/5 of the K1 is in a normally open state, the KM1 does not act, a coil 13/14 of the K1 is electrified, a K1 relay acts, a 9/5 of the K1 is closed, the KM1 acts, three-phase mains supply is connected to output, X1 is an auxiliary switch of the KM1, X1 is closed after the KM1 acts, the KM1 is self-locked, L1 is electrified, a coil 13/14 of the K5 is electrified, 10/2, 11/3 and 12/4 of the K5 are disconnected, interlocking 1, KM2, KM3 and KM4 cannot be connected, meanwhile, the K1 is in an action state, 10/2, 11/3 and 12/4 of the K1 are disconnected, and interlocking 2, KM3 and KM4 cannot be connected.
When three-phase mains supply is electrified, the input sources of the single-phase mains supply, the vehicle-mounted power station and the power taking motor are electrified: nor does KM2, KM3, KM4 act due to the presence of interlock 1 and interlock 2.
When only single-phase mains is used as input source: as the three-phase mains supply is not electrified, the K1 is not operated, the 10/2 of the K1 is switched on, the closing of the KM2 coil A1/A2 is not restricted, the 2L is electrified, the KM2 coil A1/A2 cannot be switched on because the 7/4 of the K2 coil is in a normally open state, the KM2 is not operated, the K2 coil 13/14 is electrified, the K2 relay is operated, the 7/4 of the K2 is closed, the KM1 is operated, the single-phase mains supply is switched on and output, the X2 is an auxiliary KM2 switch, the X2 is closed after the KM2 is operated, the KM2 is self-locked, the L1 is electrified, the 13/14 coil of the K5 is electrified, the 11/3 and 12/4 of the K5 are disconnected, the interlocking 3, the KM3 and the KM4 cannot be switched on, the K2 is in an operation state, and the 8/2 and 9/3 of the K2 are disconnected, so that the interlocking 4, the KM3 and the KM4 cannot be switched on.
When the single-phase mains supply is electrified, the input source of the vehicle-mounted power station and the power taking motor is electrified: KM3, KM4 will not act due to the presence of interlocks 3 and 4.
When the single-phase mains supply is electrified, the three-phase mains supply is electrified: k1 is in an action state, 10/2 of K1 is disconnected, KM2 coil A1/A2 is disconnected, KM2 is disconnected, single-phase mains supply access output is closed, 13/14 coil of K5 is powered off, 9/1 of K5 is closed, KM1 acts, and three-phase mains supply access output is achieved.
When both the single-phase mains supply and the three-phase mains supply are electrified, the three-phase mains supply is powered off: the relay 13/14 of K1 is powered off, the coil 10/2 of K5 is powered on, the coil A1/A2 of KM2 is powered on, and single-phase mains supply is connected to output.
When only the on-board power station is used as the input source: because three-phase mains supply is not electrified, K1 does not act, 11/3 of K1 is not restricted to be closed, K2 does not act, 8/2 of K2 is not restricted to be closed because single-phase mains supply is not electrified, K2 does not act, K2 is not restricted to be closed, 3L1 is electrified, K3 coil A1/A2 is in a normally open state because 6/4 of K3 is in a normally open state, KM3 does not act, K3 coil 7/8 is electrified, K3 relay acts, 6/4 of K3 is closed, KM3 acts, a vehicle-mounted power station is connected to output, X3 is an auxiliary switch of KM3, X3 is closed after KM3 acts, KM3 is self-locking, L1 is electrified, 13/14 coils of K5 are electrified, 12/4 of K5 are disconnected, interlocking 5 and KM4 cannot be closed, meanwhile K3 is in an action state, 5/1 of K3 is disconnected, and interlocking 6 and KM4 cannot be closed.
When the vehicle-mounted power station is electrified, the input source of the power taking motor is electrified: KM4 does not act due to the presence of interlock 5 and interlock 6.
When the vehicle-mounted power station is electrified, three-phase mains supply is electrified: k1 is in an action state, 11/3 of K1 is disconnected, KM3 coil A1/A2 is disconnected, KM3 is disconnected, the on-board power station access output is closed, and when 13/14 coil of K5 is powered off, 9/1 of K5 is closed, KM1 acts, and three-phase mains supply is accessed to output.
When the vehicle-mounted power station and the three-phase mains supply are electrified, the three-phase mains supply is powered off: the K1 relay 13/14 is powered off, the K1 11/3 is powered on, the K5 13/14 coil is powered off, the K5 11/3 is powered on, the KM3 coil A1/A2 is powered on, and the vehicle-mounted power station is connected to output.
When the vehicle-mounted power station is electrified, the single-phase mains supply is electrified: k2 is in an action state, 8/2 of K2 is disconnected, KM3 coil A1/A2 is disconnected, KM3 is disconnected, the on-board power station access output is closed, and when 13/14 coil of K5 is powered off, 10/2 of K5 is closed, KM2 acts, and single-phase mains supply is accessed to output.
When the vehicle-mounted power station and the single-phase mains supply are electrified, the single-phase mains supply is powered off: the K2 relay 13/14 is powered off, the K2 8/2 is powered on, the K5 13/14 coil is powered off, the K5 11/3 coil is powered on, the KM3 coil A1/A2 is powered on, and the vehicle-mounted power station is connected to output.
Only the power take-off motor is used as an input source: since the three-phase mains supply is not electrified, K1 is not operated, K1 is not connected, and KM4 coil A1/A2 is not restricted to be closed, since the single-phase mains supply is not electrified, K2 is not operated, K2 is 9/3 is connected, and KM4 coil A1/A2 is not restricted to be closed, since the vehicle-mounted power station is not electrified, K3 is not operated, K3 is 5/1 is connected, and KM4 coil A1/A2 is not restricted to be closed, 4L1 is electrified, KM4 coil A1/A2 is in a normally open state and cannot be connected because K4 6/2 is in a normally open state, KM4 is not operated, K4 coil 8/7 is electrified, K4 relay is operated, K4 is closed, KM4 is operated, a power station is connected to output, X4 is an auxiliary switch KM4 is closed after KM4 is operated, and KM4 is self-locked.
When the power taking motor is electrified, three-phase mains supply is electrified: k1 is in an action state, 12/4 of K1 is disconnected, winding A1/A2 of KM4 is disconnected, the power take-off motor is connected and output is closed, and when 13/14 winding of K5 is powered off, 9/1 of K5 is closed, KM1 acts, and three-phase mains supply is connected and output.
When the power taking motor and the three-phase mains supply are electrified, the three-phase mains supply is powered off: the relay 13/14 of K1 is powered off, the coil 13/14 of K5 is powered on, the coil A1/A2 of KM4 is powered on, and the power take-off motor is connected to output.
When the power taking motor is electrified, the single-phase mains supply is electrified: k2 is in an action state, 9/3 of K2 is disconnected, KM4 coil A1/A2 is disconnected, KM4 is disconnected, the power take-off motor is connected and output is closed, 13/14 coil of K5 is disconnected, 10/2 of K5 is closed, KM2 acts, and single-phase mains supply is connected and output.
When the power taking motor and the single-phase mains supply are electrified, the single-phase mains supply is powered off: the K2 relay 13/14 is powered off, the K2 9/3 is powered on, the K5 13/14 coil is powered off, the K5 12/4 coil is powered on, the KM4 coil A1/A2 is powered on, and the power take-off motor is connected to output.
When the power taking motor is electrified, the vehicle-mounted power station is electrified: k3 is in an action state, 5/1 of K3 is disconnected, KM4 coil A1/A2 is disconnected, KM4 is disconnected, the power taking motor is connected and output is closed, 13/14 coil of K5 is disconnected, 11/3 of K5 is closed, KM3 acts, and the vehicle-mounted power station is connected and output.
When the power taking motor and the vehicle-mounted power station are electrified, the vehicle-mounted power station is powered off: the 7/8 of the K3 relay is powered off, the 5/1 of the K3 relay is powered on, the 13/14 coil of the K5 relay is powered off, the 12/4 coil of the K5 relay is powered on, the A1/A2 coil of the KM4 relay is powered on, and the power taking motor is connected to output.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The information disclosed in the background section herein is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not to be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (5)
1. An automatic transfer switching method based on an interlocking mechanism, comprising: ac contactor one (KM 1), ac contactor two (KM 2), ac contactor three (KM 3), ac contactor four (KM 4), ac contactor auxiliary contact one (X1), ac contactor auxiliary contact two (X2), ac contactor auxiliary contact three (X3), ac contactor auxiliary contact four (X4), intermediate relay one (K1), intermediate relay two (K2), intermediate relay three (K3), intermediate relay four (K4), intermediate relay five (K5);
three-phase mains supply is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor I (KM 1), single-phase mains supply is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor II (KM 2), an on-board power station is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor III (KM 3), and a power taking motor is connected into and output through an alternating-current contactor IV (KM 4).
2. The automatic transfer switching method based on the interlocking mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the ac contactor auxiliary contact one (X1), the ac contactor auxiliary contact two (X2), the ac contactor auxiliary contact three (X3), the ac contactor auxiliary contact four (X4) are mechanically linked with the ac contactor one (KM 1), the ac contactor two (KM 2), the ac contactor three (KM 3) and the ac contactor four (KM 4), and the intermediate relay one (K1), the intermediate relay two (K2), the intermediate relay three (K3) and the intermediate relay four (K4) are in control linkage with the ac contactor one (KM 1), the ac contactor two (KM 2), the ac contactor three (KM 3) and the ac contactor four (KM 4), respectively, and the intermediate relay five (K5) is in feedback linkage with the ac contactor one (KM 1), the ac contactor two (KM 2), the ac contactor three (KM 3) and the ac contactor four (KM 4).
3. The automatic transfer switching method based on the interlocking mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the first intermediate relay (K1) restricts the actions of the second intermediate relay (K2), the third intermediate relay (K3) and the fourth intermediate relay (K4), the second intermediate relay (K2) restricts the actions of the third intermediate relay (K3) and the fourth intermediate relay (K4), and the third intermediate relay (K3) restricts the actions of the fourth intermediate relay (K4).
4. The automatic transfer switching method based on the interlocking mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the ac contactor auxiliary contact one (X1), the ac contactor auxiliary contact two (X2), the ac contactor auxiliary contact three (X3) and the ac contactor auxiliary contact four (X4) complete the self-locking function of the ac contactor, and the intermediate relay five (K5) completes the system output power-off feedback function, and allows a new input source to be connected only after the output power is off.
5. The automatic transfer switching method based on an interlock mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method is capable of automatically transferring a three-phase input source and a single-phase input source.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311583920.6A CN117791841A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Automatic transfer switch method based on interlocking mechanism |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311583920.6A CN117791841A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Automatic transfer switch method based on interlocking mechanism |
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| CN117791841A true CN117791841A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| CN202311583920.6A Pending CN117791841A (en) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Automatic transfer switch method based on interlocking mechanism |
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