CN117786984A - Array antenna synthesis method and device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction - Google Patents
Array antenna synthesis method and device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an array antenna synthesis method and device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A. initializing a population and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element in a first section; B. superposing the unit pattern data of each array element to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna on a first tangent plane, thereby obtaining the radiation performance index of the first tangent plane; C. calculating the fitness of the individual according to the radiation performance index; D. judging whether iteration is stopped or not; if the E is stopped; if not stopping, executing individual mutation, crossover and selection, and returning to the step B; E. obtaining unit pattern data of the second section according to excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of the second tangent plane; F. judging whether the array antenna pattern meets the requirement; if yes, obtaining an array antenna comprehensive result; and if the result does not meet the requirement of returning to the step A. The invention may enable integration of square kilometer array antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to an array antenna synthesis method and device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction.
Background
In the period of the rapid development of modern social information, wireless communication technology has gradually penetrated into each field of people's life and production work, and serves more audience groups, so that the demands of people for wireless communication are also gradually increased. An antenna is an indispensable component in a communication system, and is responsible for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves and performing conversion between guided waves and electromagnetic waves. With the development of wireless communication technology, antennas play a vital role in the fields of mobile communication, broadcast television, radar, navigation, satellite weather, remote sensing and the like, and the performance requirements of the antennas are continuously improved.
An array antenna is an antenna system consisting of a plurality of antenna elements. The array antenna can realize the functions of beam control, interference suppression and the like of electromagnetic waves by controlling the phase and the amplitude of each antenna unit, and has the advantages of high gain, strong directivity, strong anti-interference capability and wide coverage range. The excitation of the array antenna determines its directional characteristics. The excitation of an array antenna is known to determine its directional characteristics, called array antenna analysis, and vice versa, array antenna synthesis, so that array antenna analysis and array antenna synthesis are two different directions of investigation.
In the related art, the array antenna synthesis method generally needs to acquire relatively complete pattern data, and back-push excitation based on the acquired pattern data of the entire array antenna. However, acquiring complete pattern data requires a large amount of data sampling, and the workload is enormous, and the amount of computation upon reverse excitation based on the sampled data is also relatively large, so that the execution efficiency thereof is difficult to be ensured. In particular, for square kilometer array antennas used in radio telescopes, the drawbacks of the above-described prior methods limit their use on square kilometer array antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction method.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
an array antenna synthesis method based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, comprising:
A. initializing a population, namely initializing population iteration times i=1, setting an upper limit of the population iteration times, and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane; the first tangent plane is a target tangent plane which needs to optimize directivity in the array antenna pattern; each individual in the population corresponds to a group of excitation data, and the group of excitation data consists of excitation amplitude and excitation phase of each array element of the array antenna;
B. According to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first section are overlapped to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section; according to the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane, obtaining the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first tangent plane;
C. calculating the adaptability of each individual in the population according to the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first section; the adaptability is used for measuring the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first tangent plane and the corresponding expected index;
D. judging whether the iteration cut-off condition is met currently or not; if the iteration cut-off condition is met, entering a step E; if the iteration cut-off condition is not met, individual mutation, crossover and selection operations are executed, i=i+1 is caused, and then the step B is returned; wherein the iteration cutoff condition includes: i reaches the upper limit of the iteration times of the population or the adaptability of the individuals reaches an expected target;
E. determining optimal individuals according to the fitness of all the individuals; obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in a second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; wherein the second tangent plane is any tangent plane of the array antenna pattern;
F. Judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement or not; if the requirements are met, taking a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual as an array antenna comprehensive result; and (C) if the requirements are not met, returning to the step (A).
Optionally, in step B, stacking the element pattern data of each array element in the first section according to a current set of excitation data to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section, including:
according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane are overlapped by utilizing an array directivity function expression, and array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane are obtained;
the array directivity function expression is:
wherein the array antenna comprises M rows and N columns of array elements, I mn Represents the excitation amplitude phi of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column mn Representing the excitation phase of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;the array elements representing the m+1th row and the n+1th column are at the coordinate +.>The value of the direction diagram at which the coordinate +.>The coordinate system is a rectangular coordinate system mapped by a spherical coordinate system in which the directional diagram is positioned; the pattern data of the m+1th row and n+1th column array elements in the unit pattern of the first section is obtained by comparing Get->θ＝[0°,180°]Obtained (I)>Is the first cut surface;the space rectangular coordinate corresponding to the beam direction of the array antenna is +.>d x Represents the row-wise array element spacing of the array antenna, d y Representing the column-wise element spacing of the array antenna,lambda is the operating wavelength of the array antenna; />Representing the superimposed array antenna at the coordinates +.>A pattern value at.
Optionally, the fitness function for calculating the fitness is as follows:
wherein G represents the maximum gain of the array antenna, G e Is the expected value for G; in turnIndicating that the array antenna is +.>The maximum side lobe level of the tangential plane,in turn is for->Is the fitness, r 0 、r 1 、r 2 R L All are preset weights.
Optionally, in step E, reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the element pattern data of each array element in the second section, including:
performing interpolation reconstruction on the complete unit pattern of each array element according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section to obtain the complete unit pattern data of the array element;
and superposing the complete pattern data of each array element by using the array directivity function expression to obtain an array antenna pattern.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
when the array directivity function expression is used for superposing the unit pattern data of each array element on the first section and when the array directivity function expression is used for superposing the complete pattern data of each array element, the method is used for superposing the unit pattern data of each array element Correcting the excitation amplitude of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;
wherein, activeS ii The active voltage reflection coefficients of the array elements in the m+1th row and the n+1th column are shown.
Optionally, the array antenna includes: square kilometer array antenna.
The invention also provides an array antenna comprehensive device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, which comprises: a storage module and a processing module;
the storage module is used for storing a computer program;
the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the following method steps:
A. initializing a population, namely initializing population iteration times i=1, setting an upper limit of the population iteration times, and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane; the first tangent plane is a target tangent plane which needs to optimize directivity in the array antenna pattern; each individual in the population corresponds to a group of excitation data, and the group of excitation data consists of excitation amplitude and excitation phase of each array element of the array antenna;
B. according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first section are overlapped to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section; according to the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane, obtaining the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first tangent plane;
C. Calculating the adaptability of each individual in the population according to the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first section; the adaptability is used for measuring the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first tangent plane and the corresponding expected index;
D. judging whether the iteration cut-off condition is met currently or not; if the iteration cut-off condition is met, entering a step E; if the iteration cut-off condition is not met, individual mutation, crossover and selection operations are executed, i=i+1 is caused, and then the step B is returned; wherein the iteration cutoff condition includes: i reaches the upper limit of the iteration times of the population or the adaptability of the individuals reaches an expected target;
E. determining optimal individuals according to the fitness of all the individuals; obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in a second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; wherein the second tangent plane is any tangent plane of the array antenna pattern;
F. judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement or not; if the requirements are met, taking a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual as an array antenna comprehensive result; and (C) if the requirements are not met, returning to the step (A).
Optionally, in step B, stacking the element pattern data of each array element in the first section according to a current set of excitation data to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section, including:
according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane are overlapped by utilizing an array directivity function expression, and array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane are obtained;
the array directivity function expression is:
wherein the array antenna comprises M rows and N columns of array elements, I mn Represents the excitation amplitude phi of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column mn Representing the excitation phase of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;the array elements representing the m+1th row and the n+1th column are at the coordinate +.>The value of the direction diagram at which the coordinate +.>The coordinate system is a space rectangular coordinate system mapped by a spherical coordinate system where the directional diagram is; the pattern data of the m+1th row and n+1th column array elements in the unit pattern of the first section is obtained by comparingGet->θ＝[0°,180°]Obtained (I)>Is the first cut surface;the space rectangular coordinate corresponding to the beam direction of the array antenna is +.>d x Represents the row-wise array element spacing of the array antenna, d y Representing the column-wise element spacing of the array antenna,lambda is the operating wavelength of the array antenna; />Representing the superimposed array antenna at the coordinates +.>A pattern value at.
Optionally, the fitness is calculated as follows:
wherein G represents the maximum gain of the array antenna, G e Is the expected value for G; sequentially indicate that the array antenna is at +.>Maximum side lobe level of tangential plane，In turn is for->Is a function of the expected value of (a).
Optionally, in step E, reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the element pattern data of each array element in the second section, including:
performing interpolation reconstruction on the complete pattern of each array element according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section to obtain the complete unit pattern data of the array element;
and superposing the complete pattern data of each array element by using the array directivity function expression to obtain an array antenna pattern.
According to the directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction method provided by the invention, firstly, unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane is used as known data to be imported into an intelligent optimization algorithm, and then, the intelligent optimization algorithm is utilized to obtain a group of optimal excitation data with good radiation performance indexes of the array antenna in the first tangent plane; then, obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in the second section based on the group of excitation data, and reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; if the array antenna pattern meets the requirements, a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual is used as an array antenna comprehensive result, and if the requirements are not met, a target tangent plane to be optimized can be redetermined according to the current array antenna pattern, and a new iteration optimization is performed. In the process of iteration by using the intelligent optimization algorithm, the method only superimposes the unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane, and only reconstructs the array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second tangent plane, and the whole array antenna is not required to be used for the pattern data of the first tangent plane and the second tangent plane, so that the method has small data volume required when the antenna is integrated, and the corresponding algorithm iteration speed is relatively high, and can be suitable for the integration of square kilometer array antennas.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an array antenna synthesis method based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of array element arrangement of an array antenna;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reconstruction of a pattern interpolation under a rectangular coordinate system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the result of interpolating a planar dipole antenna pattern and its actual pattern with reference to the prior art direct reconstruction method;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an array element arrangement of an array antenna;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the result of interpolating reconstruction of the pattern of the array antenna of FIG. 5 and its actual pattern with reference to a prior art direct reconstruction method;
FIG. 7 is a cut-plane pattern data of the pattern of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of the result of interpolating and reconstructing the pattern of the array antenna shown in FIG. 5 and its actual pattern by referring to the intermediate reconstruction method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cut-plane pattern data of the pattern of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a comparison of an optimized pattern of SKA and its actual pattern obtained by the method of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 11 is a tangential direction map data of the direction map in fig. 10.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In order to improve the comprehensive efficiency of an array antenna and thus realize the synthesis of square kilometer array antennas, the embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna synthesis method based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
A. initializing a population, namely initializing population iteration times i=1, setting an upper limit of the population iteration times, and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane; the first tangent plane is a target tangent plane which needs to optimize directivity in the array antenna pattern; each individual in the population corresponds to a respective set of excitation data consisting of excitation amplitudes and excitation phases of individual elements of the array antenna.
There are various specific implementation manners for acquiring the unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in the first section. For example, by performing modeling simulation on the array antenna, a current set of excitation data is input into the modeled array antenna, so that each array element radiates according to the respective excitation data, and a pattern of each array element is obtained, and then the unit pattern data of the array element on the first tangent plane is extracted therefrom. Alternatively, the current set of excitation data may be input to the array antenna by means of actual measurement, so as to obtain the unit pattern data of each array element in the first section. In both methods, an AEP method can be adopted to obtain the pattern of the array element, and the AEP method is first proposed in the literature Microwave Scanning Antennas by Hansen in 1966, and refers to that in an array environment, only one reference unit is excited, and other units are connected with a matched load, so that the far-field pattern of the array element is obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the length of individuals in the population is 2X, wherein the front X bits are the excitation amplitude of each array element, the rear X bits are the excitation phase of each array element, and X is the number of array elements of the array antenna. The structure of the array antenna is shown in fig. 2, and includes m×n array elements.
B. According to the current excitation data, stacking the unit pattern data of each array element in the first section to obtain the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section; and obtaining the radiation performance index of the first tangent plane of the array antenna according to the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane.
Specifically, according to a current set of excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in a first tangent plane is overlapped by utilizing an array directivity function expression, so as to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane;
the array directivity function expression is:
wherein the array antenna comprises M rows and N columns of array elements, I mn Represents the excitation amplitude phi of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column mn Representing the excitation phase of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;the array elements representing the m+1th row and the n+1th column are at the coordinate +.>The value of the direction diagram at which the coordinate +.>The coordinate system is a space rectangular coordinate system mapped by a spherical coordinate system where the directional diagram is; the pattern data of the m+1th row and n+1th column array elements in the unit pattern of the first section is obtained by comparing Get->θ＝[0°,180°]Obtained (I)>Is a first cut surface;the space rectangular coordinate corresponding to the beam direction of the array antenna is +.>d x Represents the row-wise array element spacing of the array antenna, d y Representing the column-wise element spacing of the array antenna,lambda is the operating wavelength of the array antenna; />Representing the superimposed array antenna at the coordinates +.>A pattern value at.
In the array directivity function expression, the phase shift delta phi along the x and y directions x And delta phi y Are independent of each other by varying delta phi x And delta phi y Can realize that theta is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to pi/2,in, beam scanning in any direction.
It can be understood that, with the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section, the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first section can be obtained. The radiation performance index may include, but is not limited to, a maximum gain of the array antenna and a maximum side lobe level of the array antenna in the first tangential plane.
In a preferred embodiment, in this step B, the superposition of the element pattern data of each element in the first section may be usedCorrecting the excitation amplitude of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column; that is, in I input to the m+1th row and n+1th column array element mn On the basis of multiplying it byReplacement of old I with the obtained value mn . Wherein, activeS ii The active voltage reflection coefficients of the array elements in the m+1th row and the n+1th column are shown. Active voltage reflection coefficient Actives of any array element ii The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein a is i A, representing a target array element of which the active voltage reflection coefficient is required to be calculated currently k Other elements that affect the target element, typically elements that are adjacent to the target element, have a number num related to the element spacing, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention. S is S ik Representing the transmission coefficient from the kth array element to the ith array element, beta k Is the input voltage phase of the kth other array element relative to the target array element.
It will be appreciated that in an antenna array, due to the surrounding environment and the mutual coupling between the elements, the pattern of some elements may deviate and the active reflection coefficient may change, which may result in a different directivity function of many elements and a radiation current not equal to the input current. If the coupling is serious, the influence is larger, so that the mutual coupling among array elements is considered in the embodiment of the invention, and the active voltage reflection coefficient is further introduced into the array directivity function expression, so that the final superposition result is more real and accurate.
C. Calculating the adaptability of each individual in the population according to the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first section; the adaptability is used for measuring the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first section and the corresponding expected index.
It will be appreciated that the fitness function used to calculate the fitness of an individual will vary accordingly, taking into account the different radiation performance indicators, the different first cuts to be optimised.
Illustratively, taking an example that the radiation performance index includes a maximum gain of the antenna and a maximum sidelobe level of the array antenna in a first tangent plane, the fitness may be calculated by the following fitness function:
wherein G represents the maximum gain of the array antenna, G e Is the expected value for G; sequentially indicate that the array antenna is at +.>The maximum side lobe level of the tangential plane,in turn is for->Is the fitness, r 0 、r 1 、r 2 R L All are preset weights.
It can be understood that, on the basis of the fitness function, other types of fitness functions can be obtained by changing the radiation performance index under consideration, which is not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention.
D. Judging whether the iteration cut-off condition is met currently or not; if the iteration cut-off condition is met, entering a step E; if the iteration cut-off condition is not satisfied, individual mutation, crossover and selection operations are executed, i=i+1 is caused, and then the step B is returned.
Wherein the iteration cutoff condition includes: i reaches the upper limit of the iteration times of the population or the adaptability of the individuals reaches the expected target.
It will be appreciated that, since the fitness is used to measure the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first section and the corresponding expected index, the lower the fitness, the more likely it is that the individual will be the optimal individual. Therefore, in this step, the optimal individual, specifically, the individual having the lowest fitness is determined according to the fitness of all the individuals. An individual's fitness reaches a desired goal, e.g., when the individual's fitness is equal to 0 or near 0, the individual's fitness is considered to reach the desired goal.
E. Determining optimal individuals according to the fitness of all the individuals; obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in a second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; the second tangent plane is any tangent plane of the array antenna pattern.
The method for obtaining the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual can refer to the implementation manner of obtaining the unit pattern data of each array element in the first section in the step A, and is not described herein.
Reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section, including:
(1) Performing interpolation reconstruction on the complete unit pattern of each array element according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section to obtain the complete unit pattern data of the array element;
specifically, for the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section, the unit pattern data is firstly converted into a rectangular coordinate system. Then, at θ=0 to pi,Uniformly selecting a sampling boundary in the range of (1) and dividing the coordinate-converted unit directional diagram data into a plurality of areas, and then carrying out interpolation reconstruction in the areas.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, uniformly selectAs sampling boundary, dividing the coordinate-converted unit direction diagram data into four areas I, II, III and IV, and then carrying out interpolation re-establishment in the areasConstructing a structure.
Taking the area I as an example, according to the one-dimensional interpolation idea, firstly fixing theta and making the edgeThe direction is subjected to first-order Lagrange interpolation:
wherein G is 1 (θ) and G 2 (θ) respectively represent the values of the pattern on the left and right boundaries of the region I,is interpolated +.>Direction value->Is G 1 (θ) and>distance between- >Is G 2 (θ) and>distance between them.
Then, fixPerforming first-order Lagrange interpolation along the theta direction:
wherein,and->The values of the directional diagrams on the upper and lower boundaries of the region I are respectively shown, H (θ) is the value of the direction θ obtained by interpolation, θ 2 Is->Distance from H (θ), θ 1 Is->Distance from H (θ).
Then, the final interpolation is performed, and the interpolation formula is defined as:
wherein,represents a function of position in the θ direction, +.>Representing edgesThe position function of the direction, α, β, p, q ε Z, Z represents an integer. In general, alpha and beta are 1, p and q are 2; />Is the interpolated pattern value.
In the prior art, the above-described process of interpolation reconstruction is typically applied directly to the antenna, for example, for a planar dipole antenna model, the operating frequency is 6GHz. The direction diagram of the antenna is subjected to interpolation reconstruction by referring to the interpolation reconstruction process, and the process is as follows: from the plane dipoleIn the pattern data of the sub-antennas, θ= (0 °,30 °,60 °,90 °,120 °,150 °,180 °) The result of interpolation reconstruction is shown in fig. 4, wherein the maximum error is 1.0585dB, the average error is 0.1303dB, and it can be seen that for a single planar dipole antenna, the interpolation reconstruction is directly performed based on the unit pattern data of the antenna in several sections (direct reconstruction for short), and the reconstruction accuracy is higher.
For an array antenna, the accuracy of the direct interpolation reconstruction is poor. For example, a 3×3 SKA (square kilometer array) model is exemplarily created, an antenna with a log periodic structure is selected as an array element, the selected structure is geometrically modeled according to the design size of the selected structure and the continuity of boundary surfaces between different structures, and the selected structure is uniformly arranged at intervals of 2m, and the serial numbers and positions of each array element in the SKA are shown in fig. 5. Taking the frequency at which the SKA operates at 350MHz as an example, the excitation amplitude and excitation phase shown in table 1 below are applied to each of the array elements in the SKA described above:
TABLE 1
Then, direct interpolation reconstruction is performed, specifically, θ= (0 °,30 °,60 °,90 °,120 °,150 °,180 °) is selected from the pattern data of the entire SKA Interpolation reconstruction using array pattern data of (a) as sampling boundaryThe comparison of the reconstructed result with the true pattern of the SKA is shown in fig. 6 and 7. Wherein, the maximum error of the upper half space radiation pattern is 43.8376dB and the average error is 2.1302dB. For directional antennas, the lower half space radiation pattern is often not of interest. It can be seen that the reconstruction accuracy of the direct interpolation reconstruction is poor for SKA. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the direct interpolation reconstruction mode is not selected to reconstruct the array antenna pattern, but the interpolation reconstruction is firstly carried out on the patterns of each array element to obtain the complete pattern data of each array element; and then, the complete pattern data of each array element is overlapped in a mode shown in the following step (2), so that an array antenna pattern is obtained.
(2) Superposing the complete unit pattern data of each array element by utilizing the array directivity function expression to obtain an array antenna pattern;
in particular, the array directivity function expression has been given above, in particular:
wherein,namely the m+1th row and n+1th column of array elements at the coordinate +.>A pattern value at; thus, each array element is located at the coordinates +.>Substituting the pattern value into the array directivity function expression to be superimposed, thus obtaining the coordinate of the array antenna>The pattern value +.>Thus, the array antenna pattern can be obtained by using the obtained pattern values of the array antenna at all coordinates.
In the step E, when the array directivity function expression is used to superimpose the complete pattern data of each array element, the method can also be implemented by referring to the method of introducing the active voltage reflection coefficient in the step B, that is, usingThe excitation amplitude of the m+1th row and n+1th column array elements is corrected.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the indirect reconstruction method used in the embodiment of the present invention, a 3×3 SKA model is created by way of example, an antenna with a log periodic structure is selected as an array element, and the selected structure is geometrically modeled according to the design size of the selected structure and the continuity of boundary surfaces between different structures, and uniformly distributed at dx=28 mm and dy=37 mm. Applying excitation amplitude and excitation phase as shown in table 1 above to each cell, performing superposition reconstruction on the pattern of the SKA using the array directivity function expression, and comparing the reconstruction result with the actual pattern of the SKA as shown in fig. 8 and 9, it can be seen that the reconstruction result substantially coincides with the original simulated pattern, which illustrates that the result of the indirect reconstruction used in the embodiments of the present invention is accurate and reliable. In addition, as can be further obtained from fig. 8 and 9, the maximum error of the upper half space radiation pattern is 30.1331dB, the average error is 0.5306dB, and compared with the experimental results of direct reconstruction shown in fig. 6 and 7, the maximum error is reduced by 13.7dB, the average error is reduced by 1.6, and the reconstruction accuracy is obviously improved.
F. Judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement or not; if the requirements are met, a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual is used as an array antenna comprehensive result; and (C) if the requirements are not met, returning to the step (A).
When judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement, judging whether the directivity of a first tangent plane to be optimized currently in the array antenna pattern meets the requirement, judging whether the directivities of other tangent planes in the array antenna pattern meet the requirement at the same time, namely evaluating the directivity of the whole array antenna pattern, and if the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement, indicating that a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual determined in the step E is better and taking the excitation data as an array antenna comprehensive result; if the evaluation finds that the current reconstructed array antenna pattern still does not meet the requirements, the step a may be returned to, so that the target section to be optimized is redetermined according to the determined array antenna pattern, i.e. the first section is redetermined, and the subsequent process may be performed as described above until the finally reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirements.
According to the directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane is used as known data to be imported into an intelligent optimization algorithm, and then, the intelligent optimization algorithm is utilized to obtain a group of optimal excitation data with good radiation performance indexes of the array antenna in the first tangent plane; then, obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in the second section based on the group of excitation data, and reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; if the array antenna pattern meets the requirements, a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual is used as an array antenna comprehensive result, and if the requirements are not met, a target tangent plane to be optimized can be redetermined according to the current array antenna pattern, and a new iteration optimization is performed. In the process of iteration by using the intelligent optimization algorithm, the method only superimposes the unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane, and only reconstructs the array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second tangent plane, and the whole array antenna is not required to be used for the array pattern data of the first tangent plane and the second tangent plane, so that the data volume required by the antenna integration is small, the corresponding algorithm iteration speed is high, and the method can be suitable for the integration of square kilometer array antennas.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the array antenna synthesis method based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following simulation experiment is carried out:
specifically, a population of 300 is initialized, the length of individuals in the population is 2N, N=3, the working frequency is 300MHz, d x ＝d y =2m. The upper limit of the iteration times of the initialized population is 20000 times, the first tangent plane determined at the beginning is (0 degrees, 90 degrees), and the fitness function used in the corresponding iteration process is as follows:
wherein,G e ＝14dBi。
after initializing the population iteration times i=1, iteration can be performed, and the optimal individuals in the current population are stored every 30 generations in the iteration process, and the detailed iteration process is referred to the steps a-E, and is not repeated here. Experiments show that the average time of iteration sequence in the embodiment of the invention is only about 1 second, and the array antenna comprehensive method in the prior art generally requires about 30 seconds, so that the embodiment of the invention greatly improves the comprehensive efficiency. Finally, a set of excitation data is obtained as shown in table 2, the set of excitation data is substituted into simulation software to draw a pattern, the result of comparison with the simulation pattern which is originally used as an optimization target is shown in fig. 10 and 11, and the simulation pattern obtained through synthesis is basically consistent with the optimization target, so that the effectiveness of the embodiment of the invention is proved.
TABLE 2
Corresponding to the above array antenna synthesis method based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, the embodiment of the invention also provides an array antenna synthesis device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, which comprises: a storage module and a processing module;
the storage module is used for storing a computer program;
the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the method steps of:
A. initializing a population, namely initializing population iteration times i=1, setting an upper limit of the population iteration times, and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane; the first tangent plane is a target tangent plane which needs to optimize directivity in the array antenna pattern; each individual in the population corresponds to a group of excitation data, and the group of excitation data consists of excitation amplitude and excitation phase of each array element of the array antenna;
B. according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first section are overlapped to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section; according to the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane, obtaining the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first tangent plane;
C. Calculating the adaptability of each individual in the population according to the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first section; the adaptability is used for measuring the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first tangent plane and the corresponding expected index;
D. judging whether the iteration cut-off condition is met currently or not; if the iteration cut-off condition is met, entering a step E; if the iteration cut-off condition is not met, individual mutation, crossover and selection operations are executed, i=i+1 is caused, and then the step B is returned; wherein the iteration cutoff condition includes: i reaches the upper limit of the iteration times of the population or the adaptability of the individuals reaches an expected target;
E. determining optimal individuals according to the fitness of all the individuals; obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in a second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; wherein the second tangent plane is any tangent plane of the array antenna pattern;
F. judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement or not; if the requirements are met, taking a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual as an array antenna comprehensive result; if the requirement is not satisfied, returning to the step A
Alternatively, in step B, the process may be performed,
according to the current excitation data, the unit pattern data of each array element in the first section is overlapped to obtain the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section, which comprises the following steps:
according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane are overlapped by utilizing an array directivity function expression, and array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane are obtained;
the array directivity function expression is:
wherein the array antenna comprises M rows and N columns of array elements, I mn Represents the excitation amplitude phi of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column mn Representing the excitation phase of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;the array elements representing the m+1th row and the n+1th column are at the coordinate +.>The value of the direction diagram at which the coordinate +.>At which is locatedThe coordinate system is a space rectangular coordinate system mapped by a spherical coordinate system where the directional diagram is positioned; the pattern data of the m+1th row and n+1th column array elements in the unit pattern of the first section is obtained by comparingGet->θ＝[0°,180°]Obtained (I)>Is the first cut surface;the space rectangular coordinate corresponding to the beam direction of the array antenna is +.>d x Represents the row-wise array element spacing of the array antenna, d y Representing the column-wise element spacing of the array antenna,lambda is the operating wavelength of the array antenna; />Representing the superimposed array antenna at the coordinates +.>A pattern value at.
Optionally, the fitness is calculated as follows:
wherein G represents the maximum gain of the array antenna, G e Is the expected value for G; sequentially indicate that the array antenna is at +.>The maximum side lobe level of the tangential plane,in turn is for->Is a function of the expected value of (a).
Optionally, in step E,
reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section, including:
performing interpolation reconstruction on the complete pattern of each array element according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section to obtain the complete unit pattern data of the array element;
and superposing the complete pattern data of each array element by using the array directivity function expression to obtain an array antenna pattern.
Optionally, the method steps implemented when the processor executes the computer program may further include:
when the array directivity function expression is used for superposing the unit pattern data of each array element on the first section and when the array directivity function expression is used for superposing the complete pattern data of each array element, the method is used for superposing the unit pattern data of each array element Correcting the excitation amplitude of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;
wherein, activeS ii The active voltage reflection coefficients of the array elements in the m+1th row and the n+1th column are shown.
Optionally, the array antenna comprises: square kilometer array antenna.
It should be noted that, for the device embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points are referred to in the description of the method embodiment.
In summary, in the embodiment of the invention, the directional diagram of the array element is reconstructed by interpolation of a small amount of section data, so that the complexity of a data sampling stage is reduced, the measurement cost is reduced, and the computer resource is saved. In the embodiment of the invention, the active directional diagrams of the array elements of the antenna array (the directional diagrams obtained by taking the active voltage reflection coefficient into consideration) are overlapped, so that a more accurate array antenna directional diagram can be obtained, and the method is applicable to complex square kilometer arrays. In the embodiment of the invention, the intelligent optimization algorithm is used for array antenna synthesis, so that a group of optimal excitation data meeting or approaching the target condition can be obtained, and better antenna array synthesis is realized.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the invention.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Further, one skilled in the art can engage and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
Although the invention is described herein in connection with various embodiments, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings and the disclosure. In the description of the present invention, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, the "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, and the "a" or "an" means two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise. Moreover, some measures are described in mutually different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce a good effect.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus (device), or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects all generally referred to herein as a "module" or "system. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. A computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also take other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (devices) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An array antenna synthesis method based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. initializing a population, namely initializing population iteration times i=1, setting an upper limit of the population iteration times, and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane; the first tangent plane is a target tangent plane which needs to optimize directivity in the array antenna pattern; each individual in the population corresponds to a group of excitation data, and the group of excitation data consists of excitation amplitude and excitation phase of each array element of the array antenna;
B. according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first section are overlapped to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section; according to the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane, obtaining the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first tangent plane;
C. calculating the adaptability of each individual in the population according to the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first section; the adaptability is used for measuring the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first tangent plane and the corresponding expected index;
D. Judging whether the iteration cut-off condition is met currently or not; if the iteration cut-off condition is met, entering a step E; if the iteration cut-off condition is not met, individual mutation, crossover and selection operations are executed, i=i+1 is caused, and then the step B is returned; wherein the iteration cutoff condition includes: i reaches the upper limit of the iteration times of the population or the adaptability of the individuals reaches an expected target;
E. determining optimal individuals according to the fitness of all the individuals; obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in a second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; wherein the second tangent plane is any tangent plane of the array antenna pattern;
F. judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement or not; if the requirements are met, taking a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual as an array antenna comprehensive result; and (C) if the requirements are not met, returning to the step (A).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step B, according to a current set of excitation data, stacking the element pattern data of each element in the first section to obtain the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section, and the method comprises:
According to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane are overlapped by utilizing an array directivity function expression, and array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane are obtained;
the array directivity function expression is:
wherein the array antenna comprises M rows and N columns of array elements, I mn Represents the excitation amplitude phi of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column mn Representing the excitation phase of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;representing the coordinates of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th columnThe value of the direction diagram at which the coordinate +.>The coordinate system is a rectangular coordinate system mapped by a spherical coordinate system in which the directional diagram is positioned; the pattern data of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column in the unit pattern of the first section is obtained by the method of the p +.>Taking outθ＝[0°,180°]Obtained (I)>Is the first cut surface;the space rectangular coordinate corresponding to the beam direction of the array antenna is +.>d x Represents the row-wise array element spacing of the array antenna, d y Representing the column-wise element spacing of the array antenna,lambda is the operating wavelength of the array antenna; />Representing the superimposed array antenna at the coordinates +.>A pattern value at.
3. The method for synthesizing an array antenna based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction according to claim 2, wherein the fitness function for calculating the fitness is as follows:
Wherein G represents the maximum gain of the array antenna, G e Is the expected value for G; sequentially indicate that the array antenna is at +.>The maximum side lobe level of the tangential plane,in turn is for->Is the fitness, r 0 、r 1 、r 2 R L All are preset weights.
4. The method for synthesizing an array antenna based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction as recited in claim 2, wherein in step E, reconstructing an array antenna pattern from element pattern data of each element in the second section comprises:
performing interpolation reconstruction on the complete unit pattern of each array element according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section to obtain the complete unit pattern data of the array element;
and superposing the complete pattern data of each array element by using the array directivity function expression to obtain an array antenna pattern.
5. The method of array antenna synthesis based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction of claim 4, further comprising:
when the array directivity function expression is used for superposing the unit pattern data of each array element on the first section and when the array directivity function expression is used for superposing the complete pattern data of each array element, the method is used for superposing the unit pattern data of each array element Correcting the excitation amplitude of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;
wherein, activeS ii The active voltage reflection coefficients of the array elements in the m+1th row and the n+1th column are shown.
6. The method for synthesizing an array antenna based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the array antenna comprises: square kilometer array antenna.
7. An array antenna integrated device based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, comprising: a storage module and a processing module;
the storage module is used for storing a computer program;
the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the following method steps:
A. initializing a population, namely initializing population iteration times i=1, setting an upper limit of the population iteration times, and acquiring unit pattern data of each array element of the array antenna in a first tangent plane; the first tangent plane is a target tangent plane which needs to optimize directivity in the array antenna pattern; each individual in the population corresponds to a group of excitation data, and the group of excitation data consists of excitation amplitude and excitation phase of each array element of the array antenna;
B. according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first section are overlapped to obtain array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section; according to the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane, obtaining the radiation performance index of the array antenna in the first tangent plane;
C. Calculating the adaptability of each individual in the population according to the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first section; the adaptability is used for measuring the difference between the radiation performance index of the array antenna on the first tangent plane and the corresponding expected index;
D. judging whether the iteration cut-off condition is met currently or not; if the iteration cut-off condition is met, entering a step E; if the iteration cut-off condition is not met, individual mutation, crossover and selection operations are executed, i=i+1 is caused, and then the step B is returned; wherein the iteration cutoff condition includes: i reaches the upper limit of the iteration times of the population or the adaptability of the individuals reaches an expected target;
E. determining optimal individuals according to the fitness of all the individuals; obtaining unit pattern data of each array element in a second section according to a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual; reconstructing an array antenna pattern according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section; wherein the second tangent plane is any tangent plane of the array antenna pattern;
F. judging whether the current reconstructed array antenna pattern meets the requirement or not; if the requirements are met, taking a group of excitation data corresponding to the optimal individual as an array antenna comprehensive result; and (C) if the requirements are not met, returning to the step (A).
8. The integrated device of claim 7, wherein in step B, according to a current set of excitation data, the element pattern data of each element in the first section is superimposed to obtain the array pattern data of the array antenna in the first section, and the method comprises:
according to the current excitation data, unit pattern data of each array element in the first tangent plane are overlapped by utilizing an array directivity function expression, and array pattern data of the array antenna in the first tangent plane are obtained;
the array directivity function expression is:
wherein the array antenna comprises M rows and N columns of array elements, I mn Represents the excitation amplitude phi of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column mn Representing the excitation phase of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th column;representing the coordinates of the array elements of the m+1th row and the n+1th columnThe value of the direction diagram at which the coordinate +.>The coordinate system is the space straight mapped by the spherical coordinate system of the directional diagramAn angular coordinate system; the pattern data of the m+1th row and n+1th column array elements in the unit pattern of the first section is obtained by comparingGet->θ＝[0°,180°]Obtained (I)>Is the first cut surface; The space rectangular coordinate corresponding to the beam direction of the array antenna is +.>d x Represents the row-wise array element spacing of the array antenna, d y Representing the column-wise element spacing of the array antenna,lambda is the operating wavelength of the array antenna; />Representing the superimposed array antenna at the coordinates +.>A pattern value at.
9. The array antenna integrated apparatus based on directional antenna radiation pattern reconstruction as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fitness is calculated as follows:
wherein G represents the maximum gain of the array antenna, G e Is the expected value for G; sequentially indicate that the array antenna is at +.>The maximum side lobe level of the tangential plane,in turn is for->Is a function of the expected value of (a).
10. The integrated device for reconstructing an array antenna based on a directional antenna radiation pattern according to claim 8, wherein in step E, reconstructing an array antenna pattern based on the element pattern data of each element in the second section comprises:
performing interpolation reconstruction on the complete pattern of each array element according to the unit pattern data of each array element in the second section to obtain the complete unit pattern data of the array element;
and superposing the complete pattern data of each array element by using the array directivity function expression to obtain an array antenna pattern.
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