CN108761381B - Target information source detection method based on array antenna - Google Patents

Target information source detection method based on array antenna Download PDF

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CN108761381B
CN108761381B CN201810310821.3A CN201810310821A CN108761381B CN 108761381 B CN108761381 B CN 108761381B CN 201810310821 A CN201810310821 A CN 201810310821A CN 108761381 B CN108761381 B CN 108761381B
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array antenna
target information
matrix
information source
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CN108761381A (en
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周巧玲
陈俊涛
吴子钢
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CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan Hongxin Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/74Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and discloses a target information source detection method based on an array antenna, which comprises the following steps: preliminarily judging the number and the direction of target information sources by a beam forming technology, and dividing an antenna coverage area into a plurality of cells according to received signal power obtained in the beam rotating process; enabling the wave beams to point to a plurality of cells in sequence, obtaining a spatial spectrum of signals in each cell through an MUSIC algorithm, and determining the number and the direction of target information sources in each cell; and summarizing the calculation results of the cells, and comprehensively processing to obtain the accurate number and the accurate direction of the target information source. The invention solves the problems of lower spatial resolution and multiple limitations on application of the azimuth estimation of the target information source in the prior art, can improve the spatial resolution, and can detect the number of the information sources without the limitation of the number of array antenna array elements.

Description

Target information source detection method based on array antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a target information source detection method based on an array antenna.
Background
Array antennas have been widely used in military fields such as radar, sonar, and electronic countermeasure in the past, and in recent years, array antennas have come to be used in civil fields such as mobile communications. In the field of array signal processing, the direction estimation of a target signal source is always an important content of research and is also a hotspot and difficulty of research. The traditional estimation method is based on a beam forming technology, and the direction of a source is determined in a scanning mode. However, there are many limitations to using similar algorithms such as MUSIC to calculate angles, for example, the number of sources including multipath is required to be smaller than the number of antenna elements, so there are many limitations in practical use.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a target information source detection method based on an array antenna, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the spatial resolution is low and a lot of limitations are caused in application in the direction estimation of a target information source.
The embodiment of the application provides a target information source detection method based on an array antenna, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preliminarily judging the number and the direction of target information sources by a beam forming technology, and dividing an antenna coverage area into a plurality of cells according to received signal power obtained in the beam rotating process;
enabling the wave beams to point to a plurality of cells in sequence, obtaining a spatial spectrum of signals in each cell through an MUSIC algorithm, and determining the number and the direction of target information sources in each cell;
and summarizing the calculation results of the cells, and comprehensively processing to obtain the accurate number and the accurate direction of the target information source.
Preferably, the target source detection method based on the array antenna specifically includes the following steps:
(1) according to the arrangement structure of each array element of the array antenna, a beam forming weight is obtained by using a beam forming algorithm, so that a radiation pattern of the array antenna is a narrow beam;
(2) changing the shaped weight value to rotate the direction of the wave beam of the array antenna;
(3) calculating the received signal power once when the wave beam rotates for every angle;
(4) preliminarily judging the number and the orientation of target information sources according to the received signal power obtained by calculation in the beam rotation process, and dividing the coverage area of the array antenna into K cells according to the preliminarily judged information source orientation;
(5) enabling the wave beam to point to a kth cell, and calculating a covariance matrix of the kth cell according to the received signals;
(6) performing characteristic decomposition on the covariance matrix, arranging characteristic values from large to small, and obtaining a corresponding characteristic vector matrix;
(7) calculating according to an MUSIC algorithm to obtain a spatial spectrum of a signal in a kth cell, searching a maximum value point in the spatial spectrum, and determining the number and the direction of target information sources in the kth cell;
(8) k is k + 1; if K < ═ K, returning to the step (5) and calculating the next cell; if K is larger than K, ending the circulation;
(9) and (5) integrating the calculation results of the K times, and performing summary processing to obtain the final accurate direction of the target information source.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step (1) and step (2) is as follows: calculating a forming weight of a beam according to a beam forming algorithm, wherein the forming weight is used for controlling the amplitude and the phase of an excitation signal of each array element, so that a radiation pattern of the array antenna is a narrow beam; and the amplitude and the phase of the excitation signal are changed by changing the forming weight, so that the beam pointing rotation of the array antenna is controlled.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the received signal power in the step (4) is P ═ I2+Q2Wherein, I is an in-phase carrier signal and Q is a quadrature carrier signal.
Preferably, K in step (4) is less than 5.
Preferably, the covariance matrix in step (5) is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001622267010000031
wherein, L is the sampling fast beat number of the data, H represents the conjugate transpose matrix, and X is the data received by the array antenna.
Preferably, the eigenvalue decomposition of step (6) is implemented by orthogonal operation, and the covariance matrix is transformed into an approximate diagonal matrix through multiple iterations.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step (6) is as follows:
s1, where m is 1 and n is m + 1;
s2, constructing an orthogonal matrix P as follows:
Figure BDA0001622267010000032
in the above formula
Figure BDA0001622267010000033
S3 calculating R ═ PRPH,E'=EPHH is a conjugate transpose matrix, R 'is a covariance matrix after the iteration, E' is an identity matrix after the iteration, and E is an identity matrix;
s4, if n is equal to n +1, go back to S2; if n is larger than M, the next step is carried out;
s5, changing M to M +1, and returning to S2 if M is not greater than M; if M is larger than M, carrying out the next step;
s6, calculating the square sum of absolute values of off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, and if the square sum is less than e, finishing iterative calculation; if the sum of squares is greater than e, go back to S1 to enter the next iteration; wherein e is an iteration error, and e is 10-5
Preferably, the MUSIC spatial spectrum calculation formula in the step (7) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001622267010000041
where a (θ) is a steering vector, H is a conjugate transpose matrix, ENRepresenting the noise subspace.
Preferably, the step (9) includes analyzing whether there is a repeatedly calculated source in the neighboring cell; and if the information source of the repeated calculation exists, removing the repeated calculation data.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the invention combines the beam forming technology and the MUSIC algorithm to realize the target information source detection of the array antenna, and compared with the target detection by using beam scanning, the invention can overcome the problems of larger target range, ambiguity and low pointing precision caused by the beam width; compared with the space spectrum estimation for target detection, the method can avoid the problem that the space spectrum estimation information source is inaccurate or omitted when the wireless environment is complex. The invention adopts a method of twice searching, has simple principle, can improve the accuracy of calculation, and particularly can overcome the problem of information source omission caused by multipath signals. In summary, compared with the existing scheme, the invention can improve the spatial resolution, and the number of the detectable signal sources is not limited by the number of the array elements of the array antenna, and even if the number of the signal sources is more than the number of the array elements, the signal sources can be detected correctly. In addition, the target information source detection method provided by the invention has no limitation on the form of the antenna, and is applicable to any form of array direction-finding system.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present embodiment, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiment will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are one embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a process of a target source detection method based on an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The invention adopts a method of two-time searching, power scanning is used for the first time, and the approximate direction and the number of the information sources are determined; and then partitioning the coverage area according to the received power map, respectively performing second search on each cell, and calculating the accurate information source direction in each cell by adopting an MUSIC algorithm for the second time.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a target source detection method based on an array antenna, which includes the following steps:
step 1, according to the arrangement structure of each array element of the array antenna, a beam forming weight is obtained by using a beam forming algorithm, so that a radiation pattern of the array antenna is a narrow beam; the narrow beam width is affected by the forming weight and the number of array elements, and cannot be narrow without limitation. The more the array elements are, the narrower the beam width which can be achieved by shaping; the smaller the number of array elements, the wider the beam.
And 2, changing a forming weight, namely changing the amplitude and the phase of an excitation signal of each array element of the array antenna, so that the beam direction of the array antenna can rotate according to a certain stepping angle. The step angle value should be determined by the beam width, and may be equal to half the beam width or equal to the beam width.
And 3, when the wave beam rotates, calculating the power of the received signal once when the wave beam rotates for one angle. The power calculation formula is represented as P-I2+Q2I is the in-phase carrier signal and Q is the quadrature carrier signal.
And 4, judging the number and the direction of approximate target information sources according to the received signal power calculated in the wave beam rotating process, and dividing the coverage range of the array antenna into K cells according to the initially judged information source direction. Here, K is determined by the degree of source dispersion or aggregation, and the sources with closer aggregation are divided into a cell. Generally, K should be less than 5, otherwise the amount of calculation is too large, and the real-time performance of the algorithm is reduced. When dividing cells, each power peak should be divided into different cells as much as possible.
And 5, enabling the wave beam to point to a cell K (the K-th cell, wherein K is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to K), and calculating a covariance matrix Rx of the K-th cell according to the received signals. When the wave beam is directed to the cell k, the weight is calculated by the wave beam forming algorithm, so that the radiation pattern is directed to the target cell. The covariance matrix of the received signal is calculated as:
Figure BDA0001622267010000061
here, L is a sampling fast beat number of data, H represents a conjugate transpose matrix, X is data received by the array antenna, X is an M × L-dimensional vector, and M is an array element number of the array antenna. The dimension of the final covariance matrix Rx is M x M.
And 6, performing characteristic decomposition on the covariance matrix, arranging characteristic values from large to small, and obtaining a corresponding characteristic vector matrix. By constructing an orthogonal matrix, a series of orthogonal operations are carried out on the covariance matrix and the identity matrix, so that the covariance matrix is transformed into an approximate diagonal matrix, and the elements on the diagonal of the diagonal matrix are the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix because the eigenvalues of the matrix are unchanged after the orthogonal operations.
The construction method of the orthogonal matrix comprises the following steps:
s1, where m is 1 and n is m + 1;
s2, constructing an orthogonal matrix P as follows:
Figure BDA0001622267010000062
in the above formula
Figure BDA0001622267010000063
S3 calculating R ═ PRPH,E'=EPHWhere H denotes a conjugate transpose matrix, R 'is a covariance matrix after the current iteration, E' is an identity matrix after the current iteration, and E is an identity matrix.
S4, if n is equal to n +1, go back to S2; if n is larger than M, the next step is carried out;
s5, changing M to M +1, and returning to S2 if M is not greater than M; if M is larger than M, carrying out the next step;
s6, calculating the sum of squares of absolute values of off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, if the value is less than E, ending iterative calculation, wherein the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix are characteristic values of the covariance matrix, and each column vector of the unit matrix E is a corresponding characteristic vector; if the calculated value is greater than e, go back to S1 for the next iteration. Where e is the iteration error, e can be 10-5
And 7, calculating to obtain a spatial spectrum of the signals according to the MUSIC algorithm, searching for a maximum value point in the spatial spectrum, and determining the accurate number and the orientation of the signals. Here the spatial spectrum is calculated as:
Figure BDA0001622267010000071
a (θ) is a guide vector, ENRepresenting a noise subspace, ENConsisting of a feature vector representing the feature values of the noise.
Step 8, making K equal to K +1, if K < equalto K, returning to the step 5 for calculation, otherwise, directly going to the next step;
and 9, integrating the calculation results of the K times, and performing summary processing to obtain the final accurate direction of the target information source. Here, whether there is a source with repeated calculation in the adjacent cell is analyzed, and the source is removed, and finally the final result is obtained.
The target information source detection method based on the array antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention at least comprises the following technical effects:
the invention combines the beam forming technology and the MUSIC algorithm to realize the target information source detection of the array antenna, and compared with the target detection by using beam scanning, the invention can overcome the problems of larger target range, ambiguity and low pointing precision caused by the beam width; compared with the space spectrum estimation for target detection, the method can avoid the problem that the space spectrum estimation information source is inaccurate or omitted when the wireless environment is complex. The invention adopts a method of twice searching, has simple principle, can improve the accuracy of calculation, and particularly can overcome the problem of information source omission caused by multipath signals. In summary, compared with the existing scheme, the invention can improve the spatial resolution, and the number of the detectable signal sources is not limited by the number of the array elements of the array antenna, and even if the number of the signal sources is more than the number of the array elements, the signal sources can be detected correctly. In addition, the target information source detection method provided by the invention has no limitation on the form of the antenna, and is applicable to any form of array direction-finding system.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A target information source detection method based on an array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preliminarily judging the number and the direction of target information sources by a beam forming technology, and dividing an antenna coverage area into a plurality of cells according to received signal power obtained in the beam rotating process;
enabling the wave beams to point to a plurality of cells in sequence, obtaining a spatial spectrum of signals in each cell through an MUSIC algorithm, and determining the number and the direction of target information sources in each cell;
summarizing the calculation results of the cells, and obtaining the accurate number and the accurate direction of the target information source after comprehensive treatment;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the arrangement structure of each array element of the array antenna, a beam forming weight is obtained by using a beam forming algorithm, so that a radiation pattern of the array antenna is a narrow beam;
(2) changing the shaped weight value to rotate the direction of the wave beam of the array antenna;
(3) calculating the received signal power once when the wave beam rotates for every angle;
(4) preliminarily judging the number and the orientation of target information sources according to the received signal power obtained by calculation in the beam rotation process, and dividing the coverage area of the array antenna into K cells according to the preliminarily judged information source orientation;
(5) enabling the wave beam to point to a kth cell, and calculating a covariance matrix of the kth cell according to the received signals;
(6) performing characteristic decomposition on the covariance matrix, arranging characteristic values from large to small, and obtaining a corresponding characteristic vector matrix;
(7) calculating according to an MUSIC algorithm to obtain a spatial spectrum of a signal in a kth cell, searching a maximum value point in the spatial spectrum, and determining the number and the direction of target information sources in the kth cell;
(8) k is k + 1; if K < ═ K, returning to the step (5) and calculating the next cell; if K is larger than K, ending the circulation;
(9) and (5) integrating the calculation results of the K times, and performing summary processing to obtain the final accurate direction of the target information source.
2. The method for detecting target source based on array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps (1) and (2) are implemented as follows:
calculating a forming weight of a beam according to a beam forming algorithm, wherein the forming weight is used for controlling the amplitude and the phase of an excitation signal of each array element, so that a radiation pattern of the array antenna is a narrow beam; and the amplitude and the phase of the excitation signal are changed by changing the forming weight, so that the beam pointing rotation of the array antenna is controlled.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the received signal power in step (4) is calculated according to formula P ═ I2+Q2Wherein, I is an in-phase carrier signal and Q is a quadrature carrier signal.
4. The method for target source detection based on array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein K in step (4) is less than 5.
5. The method for target source detection based on array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the covariance matrix in step (5) is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002810368790000021
wherein, L is the sampling fast beat number of the data, H represents the conjugate transpose matrix, and X is the data received by the array antenna.
6. The method for target source detection based on array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the eigenvalue decomposition of step (6) is implemented by orthogonal operation, and the covariance matrix is transformed into a diagonal matrix by multiple iterations.
7. The method for detecting target source based on array antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step (6) is implemented by:
s1, where m is 1 and n is m + 1;
s2, constructing an orthogonal matrix P as follows:
Figure FDA0002810368790000031
in the above formula
Figure FDA0002810368790000032
rmmM rows and m columns of elements, r, representing the covariance matrixnmAn n row and m columns of elements representing a covariance matrix;
s3 calculating R ═ PRPH,E'=EPHH is a conjugate transpose matrix, R 'is a covariance matrix after the iteration, E' is an identity matrix after the iteration, and E is an identity matrix;
s4, if n is equal to n +1, go back to S2; if n is larger than M, the next step is carried out;
s5, changing M to M +1, and returning to S2 if M is not greater than M; if M is larger than M, carrying out the next step;
s6, calculating the square sum of absolute values of off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, and if the square sum is less than e, finishing iterative calculation; if the sum of squares is greater than e, go back to S1 to enter the next iteration; wherein e is an iteration error, and e is 10-5
8. The method for target source detection based on array antenna of claim 1, wherein the MUSIC spatial spectrum calculation formula in step (7) is:
Figure FDA0002810368790000033
where a (θ) is a steering vector, H is a conjugate transpose matrix, ENRepresenting the noise subspace.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (9) comprises analyzing whether there are any repeatedly calculated sources in the neighboring cells; and if the information source of the repeated calculation exists, removing the repeated calculation data.
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