CN108761381A - A kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna - Google Patents
A kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/74—Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
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Abstract
The invention belongs to mobile communication technology fields, disclose a kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna, include the following steps：The number and orientation of target information source are tentatively judged by beam-forming technology, and antenna footprint is divided by multiple cells according to the received signal power obtained in wave beam rotation process；So that wave beam is directed toward multiple cells successively, the spatial spectrum of signal in each cell is obtained by MUSIC algorithms, determines the number and orientation of target information source in each cell；The result of calculation of multiple cells is summarized, the accurate number and refined orientation of target information source are obtained after integrated treatment.The present invention solves the problems, such as the orientation estimation of target information source in the prior art, and that there are spatial resolutions is relatively low, using above there is many restrictions, and the present invention can improve spatial resolution, and the number of signal sources that can be detected is not limited by array antenna array element quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technology field more particularly to a kind of target information source detection sides based on array antenna
Method.
Background technology
Past, the military domains such as array antenna extensive use and radar, sonar, electronic countermeasure, recent years, array day
Line initially enters in civil field as mobile communication.In array signal processing field, the orientation of target information source is estimated
The important content always studied, and research hot and difficult issue.Traditional method of estimation is to be based on beam-forming technology, is led to
The mode of overscanning determines the direction of information source, although this method is realized simple, spatial resolution is relatively low, be unable to get
Accurate angle value.And angle is calculated using the similar algorithm such as MUSIC, there is also many restrictions, for example require the number of signal sources packet
The quantity that multipath number is less than bay is included, therefore also there are many limitations in actual use.
Invention content
The embodiment of the present application solves the prior art by providing a kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna
The orientation estimation of middle target information source there are problems that spatial resolution it is relatively low, using above there is many restrictions.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
The number and orientation of target information source are tentatively judged by beam-forming technology, and are obtained according in wave beam rotation process
Received signal power antenna footprint is divided into multiple cells；
So that wave beam is directed toward multiple cells successively, the space of signal in each cell is obtained by MUSIC algorithms
Spectrum determines the number and orientation of target information source in each cell；
The result of calculation of multiple cells is summarized, the accurate number and essence of target information source are obtained after integrated treatment
True orientation.
Preferably, the target information source detection method based on array antenna specifically includes following steps：
(1) according to the arrangement architecture of each array element of array antenna, the shape-endowing weight value of wave beam is obtained using beamforming algorithm,
It is narrow beam to make the antenna pattern of the array antenna；
(2) change the shape-endowing weight value, the direction of the wave beam of the array antenna is made to be rotated；
(3) when the wave beam often rotates an angle, a received signal power is calculated；
(4) according to the received signal power being calculated in wave beam rotation process, preliminary for judging target information source
The coverage area of the array antenna is divided into K cell by number and orientation according to the information source orientation tentatively judged；
(5) make k-th of cell of the beam position, and calculate the covariance square of k-th of cell according to the signal received
Battle array；
(6) feature decomposition is carried out to the covariance matrix, by characteristic value by arranging from big to small, and obtains corresponding spy
Levy vector matrix；
(7) spatial spectrum of signal in k-th of cell is calculated according to MUSIC algorithms, pole is searched in the spatial spectrum
Big value point, determines the number and orientation of target information source in k-th of cell；
(8) make k=k+1；If k<=K returns to step (5), carries out the calculating of next cell；If k > K, terminate to follow
Ring；
(9) in summary K result of calculation, aggregation process obtain the refined orientation of final target information source.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of the step (1) and step (2) is：It is calculated according to beamforming algorithm
The shape-endowing weight value of wave beam, the shape-endowing weight value are used to control the pumping signal amplitude and phase of each array element so that the array
The antenna pattern of antenna is narrow beam；By changing the shape-endowing weight value, to change pumping signal amplitude and phase, control
The beam position of array antenna rotates.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the received signal power in the step (4) is P=I2+Q2, wherein I is same
Phase carrier signal, Q are quadrature carrier signals.
Preferably, K is less than 5 in the step (4).
Preferably, the calculation formula of the covariance matrix in the step (5) is：Wherein, L
For the sampling number of snapshots of data, H indicates that associate matrix, X are the data that array antenna received arrives.
Preferably, the Eigenvalues Decomposition of the step (6) is realized by orthogonal operations, is made by successive ignition described
Covariance Matrix Transform is approximate diagonal matrix.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of the step (6) is：
S1, m=1, n=m+1 are enabled；
S2, construction orthogonal matrix P are：
In above formula
S3, R'=PRP is calculatedH, E'=EPH, wherein H is associate matrix, and R ' is the covariance after current iteration
Matrix, E ' are the unit matrix after current iteration, and E is unit matrix；
S4, n=n+1 is enabled, S2 is returned to if n≤M；If n>M is then carried out in next step；
S5, m=m+1 is enabled, S2 is returned to if m≤M；If m>M is then carried out in next step；
S6, the quadratic sum for calculating covariance matrix off diagonal element absolute value iterate to calculate if quadratic sum is less than e
Terminate；If quadratic sum is more than e, returns to S1 and enter next round iteration；Wherein, e is iteration error, and e takes 10-5。
Preferably, the MUSIC spatial spectrum calculation formula in the step (7) are：
Wherein, a (θ) is steering vector, and H is associate matrix, ENRepresent noise
Subspace.
Preferably, the step (9) includes whether having the information source computed repeatedly in analysis neighboring community；It repeats to count if existing
The information source of calculation is then removed and computes repeatedly data.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages：
Present invention combination beam-forming technology and MUSIC algorithms realize the target information source detection to array antenna, relatively
In using beam scanning carry out target acquisition, the present invention can overcome the target zone caused by beam angle it is larger, it is indefinite,
The low problem of pointing accuracy；Target acquisition is carried out relative to Estimation of Spatial Spectrum, the present invention can be avoided when wireless environment is more complex
When, the problem of Estimation of Spatial Spectrum information source is inaccurate or omits.The present invention is using the method searched for twice, and not only principle is simple, also
The accuracy that calculating can be improved, more particularly to overcome the problems, such as to omit due to information source caused by multipath signal.To sum up, the present invention with
Existing scheme is compared, and can improve spatial resolution, and information source number that can be detected is not limited by array antenna array element quantity
System, even if information source number can be correctly detecting if being more than array element quantity.In addition, target information source detection method provided by the invention
It is without any restrictions to the form of antenna, it is applicable to any form of array df system.
Description of the drawings
It, below will be to needed in embodiment description in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution in the present embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is one embodiment of the present of invention, for this field
For those of ordinary skill, without creative efforts, other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow schematic block of the target information source detection method based on array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
In order to better understand the above technical scheme, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments to upper
Technical solution is stated to be described in detail.
Using the method searched for twice in the present invention, use power scan for the first time, determine rough information source orientation and
Number；Then according to the power collection of illustrative plates received, subregion is carried out to coverage area, each cell carries out second and searches for respectively, and second
It is secondary to use MUSIC algorithms, calculate the accurate information source orientation in cell.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna, including walk as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1, according to the arrangement architecture of each array element of array antenna, the figuration that wave beam is obtained using beamforming algorithm is weighed
Value, it is narrow beam to make the antenna pattern of array antenna；Here narrow beam width is influenced by shape-endowing weight value and array element quantity,
It can not be unconfined narrow.Array element quantity is more, and the attainable beam angle of figuration is narrower；Array element quantity is fewer, and wave beam is wider.
Step 2 changes shape-endowing weight value, that is, changes the pumping signal amplitude and phase of each array element of array antenna, makes
The beam position of array antenna can be rotated according to certain step angle.Stepping angle angle value should be determined by beam angle
It is fixed, step angle value can be made to be equal to the beam angle of half, step angle can also be made to be equal to beam angle.
Step 3, when wave beam rotates, often rotate received signal power of an angle calculation.Here power calculation is public
Formula is P=I2+Q2, I is with phase carrier signal, and Q is quadrature carrier signals.
Step 4, according to the received signal power calculated in wave beam rotation process, judge reference value value information source number and
The coverage area of array antenna is divided into K cell by orientation then according to the information source orientation tentatively judged.Here K is by information source
Dispersion or aggregation extent determine that the closer information source of aggregation is divided in a cell.In general, K should be less than 5, otherwise calculate
Amount will be excessive, and the real-time of algorithm will decline.Each power peak should be made to be divided in as far as possible at division of cells different
Cell.
Step 5 makes beam position cell k (k-th of cell, wherein 1≤k≤K), and kth is calculated according to the signal received
The covariance matrix Rx of a cell.When making beam position cell k here, power is calculated again by beamforming algorithm
Value, makes antenna pattern alignment target cell.Receive signal covariance matrix calculation formula be：Here L
For the sampling number of snapshots of data, H indicates that associate matrix, X are the data that array antenna received arrives, and X is M*L n dimensional vector ns, and M is
The array element quantity of array antenna.The dimension of final covariance matrix Rx is M*M.
Step 6 carries out feature decomposition to covariance matrix, by characteristic value by arranging from big to small, and obtains corresponding spy
Levy vector matrix.By constructing an orthogonal matrix, a series of orthogonal operations is carried out to covariance matrix and unit matrix, is made
Covariance matrix turns to approximate diagonal matrix after these transformation, since matrix exgenvalue is constant after orthogonal operations, so
Element on diagonal matrix diagonal line is exactly the characteristic value of covariance matrix.
Here the building method of orthogonal matrix is：
S1, m=1, n=m+1 are enabled；
S2, construction orthogonal matrix P are：
In above formula
S3, R'=PRP is calculatedH, E'=EPH, the associate matrix of H expressions here, R ' is the covariance after current iteration
Matrix, E ' are the unit matrix after current iteration, and E is unit matrix.
S4, n=n+1 is enabled, S2 is returned to if n≤M；If n>M is then carried out in next step；
S5, m=m+1 is enabled, S2 is returned to if m≤M；If m>M is then carried out in next step；
S6, the quadratic sum for calculating covariance matrix off diagonal element absolute value iterate to calculate knot if the value is less than e
Beam, the diagonal entry of covariance matrix are its characteristic value, each column vector of unit matrix E be corresponding feature to
Amount；If the value being calculated is more than e, returns to S1 and enter next round iteration.Wherein, e is iteration error, and e can take 10-5。
Step 7, the spatial spectrum that signal is calculated according to MUSIC algorithms search for maximum point in spatial spectrum, determine letter
Number accurate number and orientation.Here spatial spectrum calculation formula is：A (θ) is steering vector,
ENRepresent noise subspace, ENFeature vector by representing the characteristic value of noise forms.
Step 8 makes k=k+1, if k<=K returns to step 5 calculating, otherwise directly arrives in next step；
Step 9, in summary K result of calculation, aggregation process obtain the refined orientation of final target information source.Here
The information source for whether having in neighboring community and computing repeatedly is analyzed, is removed, final result is finally obtained.
A kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes at least following technology
Effect：
Present invention combination beam-forming technology and MUSIC algorithms realize the target information source detection to array antenna, relatively
In using beam scanning carry out target acquisition, the present invention can overcome the target zone caused by beam angle it is larger, it is indefinite,
The low problem of pointing accuracy；Target acquisition is carried out relative to Estimation of Spatial Spectrum, the present invention can be avoided when wireless environment is more complex
When, the problem of Estimation of Spatial Spectrum information source is inaccurate or omits.The present invention is using the method searched for twice, and not only principle is simple, also
The accuracy that calculating can be improved, more particularly to overcome the problems, such as to omit due to information source caused by multipath signal.To sum up, the present invention with
Existing scheme is compared, and can improve spatial resolution, and information source number that can be detected is not limited by array antenna array element quantity
System, even if information source number can be correctly detecting if being more than array element quantity.In addition, target information source detection method provided by the invention
It is without any restrictions to the form of antenna, it is applicable to any form of array df system.
It should be noted last that the above specific implementation mode is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted,
Although being described the invention in detail with reference to example, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the present invention
Technical solution be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the spirit of the technical scheme of the invention and range, should all cover
In the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of target information source detection method based on array antenna, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The number and orientation of target information source are tentatively judged by beam-forming technology, and are connect according to what is obtained in wave beam rotation process
It receives signal power and antenna footprint is divided into multiple cells；
So that wave beam is directed toward multiple cells successively, the spatial spectrum of signal in each cell is obtained by MUSIC algorithms, really
The number and orientation of target information source in fixed each cell；
The result of calculation of multiple cells is summarized, the accurate number of target information source and accurate side are obtained after integrated treatment
Position.
2. the target information source detection method according to claim 1 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that specifically include with
Lower step：
(1) according to the arrangement architecture of each array element of array antenna, the shape-endowing weight value of wave beam is obtained using beamforming algorithm, makes institute
The antenna pattern for stating array antenna is narrow beam；
(2) change the shape-endowing weight value, the direction of the wave beam of the array antenna is made to be rotated；
(3) when the wave beam often rotates an angle, a received signal power is calculated；
(4) according to the received signal power being calculated in wave beam rotation process, the preliminary number for judging target information source with
The coverage area of the array antenna is divided into K cell by orientation according to the information source orientation tentatively judged；
(5) make k-th of cell of the beam position, and calculate the covariance matrix of k-th of cell according to the signal received；
(6) feature decomposition is carried out to the covariance matrix, by characteristic value by arranging from big to small, and obtains corresponding Characteristic Vectors
Moment matrix；
(7) spatial spectrum of signal in k-th of cell is calculated according to MUSIC algorithms, maximum is searched in the spatial spectrum
Point determines the number and orientation of target information source in k-th of cell；
(8) make k=k+1；If k<=K returns to step (5), carries out the calculating of next cell；If k > K, end loop；
(9) in summary K result of calculation, aggregation process obtain the refined orientation of final target information source.
3. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(1) and the specific implementation process of step (2) is：
The shape-endowing weight value of wave beam is calculated according to beamforming algorithm, the shape-endowing weight value is used to control the excitation of each array element
Signal amplitude and phase so that the antenna pattern of the array antenna is narrow beam；By changing the shape-endowing weight value, to
Change pumping signal amplitude and phase, controls the beam position rotation of array antenna.
4. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(4) calculation formula of the received signal power in is P=I2+Q2, wherein I is with phase carrier signal, and Q believes for quadrature carrier
Number.
5. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(4) K is less than 5 in.
6. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(5) calculation formula of the covariance matrix in is：Wherein, L is the sampling number of snapshots of data, and H is indicated
Associate matrix, X are the data that array antenna received arrives.
7. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(6) Eigenvalues Decomposition is realized by orthogonal operations, makes the Covariance Matrix Transform be approximate by successive ignition
Diagonal matrix.
8. the target information source detection method according to claim 7 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(6) specific implementation process is：
S1, m=1, n=m+1 are enabled；
S2, construction orthogonal matrix P are：
In above formula
S3, R'=PRP is calculatedH, E'=EPH, wherein H is associate matrix, and R ' is the covariance matrix after current iteration,
E ' is the unit matrix after current iteration, and E is unit matrix；
S4, n=n+1 is enabled, S2 is returned to if n≤M；If n>M is then carried out in next step；
S5, m=m+1 is enabled, S2 is returned to if m≤M；If m>M is then carried out in next step；
S6, the quadratic sum for calculating covariance matrix off diagonal element absolute value, if quadratic sum is less than e, iterative calculation terminates；
If quadratic sum is more than e, returns to S1 and enter next round iteration；Wherein, e is iteration error, and e takes 10-5。
9. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(7) the MUSIC spatial spectrum calculation formula in are：Wherein, a (θ) is steering vector, and H is total
Yoke transposed matrix, ENRepresent noise subspace.
10. the target information source detection method according to claim 2 based on array antenna, which is characterized in that the step
(9) include whether having the information source computed repeatedly in analysis neighboring community；If in the presence of the information source computed repeatedly, removes and compute repeatedly
Data.
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| CN109787670A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-05-21 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of form-giving array antennas beams system for drawing directional diagram |
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| CN109787670B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-09-29 | 北京邮电大学 | Array antenna beam forming system capable of drawing directional diagram |
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| CN110690930A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-14 | 清华大学 | Information source number detection method and device |
| CN113133022A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 中国移动通信集团重庆有限公司 | Download rate improving method and system based on MIMO multipath construction |
| CN113133022B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-07-01 | 中国移动通信集团重庆有限公司 | Download rate improving method and system based on MIMO multipath construction |
| CN111983634A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Three-dimensional radar and method for non-uniform single line scanning for railway monitoring |
| CN111983634B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2023-07-21 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Three-dimensional radar and method for non-uniform single line scanning for railway monitoring |
| CN113094775A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 北京邮电大学 | Arbitrary wave beam micro-shaping tool of antenna array and implementation method |
| CN113093167A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-09 | 成都安智杰科技有限公司 | Target direction finding method and device |
| CN113938172A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-14 | 西北大学 | Method for aligning passive sensor by signal beam forming |
| CN113938172B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2024-03-26 | 西北大学 | Method for aligning signal beam forming with passive sensor |
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