CN117778795A - Platinum-tungsten alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Platinum-tungsten alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117778795A CN117778795A CN202311858352.6A CN202311858352A CN117778795A CN 117778795 A CN117778795 A CN 117778795A CN 202311858352 A CN202311858352 A CN 202311858352A CN 117778795 A CN117778795 A CN 117778795A
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- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- ZONODCCBXBRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Pt] ZONODCCBXBRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a platinum-tungsten alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The content of the metal tungsten in the platinum-tungsten alloy is 0.1-5 wt%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing metal tungsten and metal platinum according to the formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum smelting and casting to obtain an ingot; (2) And (3) sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, quenching and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain the platinum-tungsten alloy. The platinum-tungsten alloy provided by the invention has the characteristics of high hardness and attractive color, and is suitable for preparing platinum jewelry, in particular to platinum necklace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and relates to a platinum-tungsten alloy, in particular to a platinum-tungsten alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
According to incomplete statistics, chinese jewelry manufacturers have developed from tens of eighties to 3000 or more at present, jewelry sellers have exceeded 2w, and jewelry sales exceed $100 billion. Noble metal jewelry such as gold, platinum and the like is still the mainstream of jewelry industry, and the sales of gold and platinum account for 70% of the sales of all products of companies by taking a famous brand as an example. According to the data, 2022 platinum jewelry is 35% of the total platinum consumption, which is equivalent to the platinum consumption in the automobile field and slightly larger than the platinum consumption in the glass fiber field.
Platinum is used as noble metal, and is popular with people in its unique pure white color and aesthetic color. The jewelry industry is an important application field of platinum, and accounts for more than 30% of the whole platinum market, and in recent years, with the continuous high price of noble metals, part of common platinum jewelry has to select cheap metals as a joint coating to reduce the cost of the jewelry.
In the current market, a commonly used cheap metal joint coating is copper, and CN112695224A discloses a preparation method of a platinum-based hard alloy, wherein the platinum-based hard alloy comprises the following metal components in parts by mass: 85.0 to 86.0 percent of platinum, 8 to 9 percent of copper, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of zinc, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of nickel, 2 to 4 percent of ruthenium and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of cobalt; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the platinum, copper, zinc, nickel, ruthenium and cobalt are proportioned and vacuum smelted in a vacuum arc furnace, the smelted platinum alloy is subjected to solution treatment in a vacuum resistance furnace, water quenching is carried out to room temperature, aging treatment is carried out, and water quenching is carried out, so that the platinum-based hard alloy is prepared, and the use of platinum jewelry, especially jewelry inlaid ornaments, is well satisfied.
However, jewelry with copper as a repaired mouth has the problems of poor gloss, sand holes with air holes in the reverse die, softer materials, turning waste cutters and the like.
In the above method, the hardness of platinum still needs to be further improved, and in the existing jewelry alloy, tungsten is used as a cheap metal and is not applied to platinum jewelry, so it is necessary to provide a process for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy with high hardness and beautiful color with high production efficiency and small overall loss.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a platinum-tungsten alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The platinum-tungsten alloy has the characteristics of high hardness and attractive color, and is suitable for preparing platinum jewelry, in particular to platinum necklace.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a platinum-tungsten alloy, wherein the metal tungsten in the platinum-tungsten alloy accounts for 0.1-5 wt% of the total weight of the metal platinum and the metal tungsten.
The content of the metal tungsten in the platinum-tungsten alloy is 0.1 to 5wt%, for example, may be 0.1wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt%, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 4wt% or 5wt%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
The platinum-tungsten alloy provided by the invention has the characteristics of high hardness and beautiful color; is especially suitable for preparing platinum necklaces.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy as provided in the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten and metal platinum according to the formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum smelting and casting to obtain an ingot;
(2) And (3) sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, quenching and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain the platinum-tungsten alloy.
The platinum-tungsten alloy with high hardness and beautiful color is prepared by vacuum melting, hot forging and cold rolling processes; and the single feeding amount in the preparation process of the platinum alloy in the traditional process is only 500-800 g, but the single feeding amount of the invention can reach 20kg, so that the whole loss of the noble metal in the preparation method provided by the invention is far lower than that in the traditional process.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the purity of the metal tungsten in the step (1) is > 99.9%, for example, 99.92%, 99.94%, 99.96%, 99.98% or 99.99%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the purity of the platinum metal in step (1) is > 99.9%, for example 99.92%, 99.94%, 99.96%, 99.98% or 99.99%, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are equally applicable.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum melting in the step (1) is performed in a crucible.
Illustratively, the crucible material includes any one of zirconia, magnesia, or alumina.
Preferably, the vacuum smelting in the step (1) comprises vacuumizing and smelting which are sequentially carried out.
The vacuum degree of the vacuum melting in the step (1) is preferably 1 to 10Pa, for example, 1Pa, 2Pa, 4Pa, 6Pa, 8Pa or 10Pa, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the smelting power of the vacuum smelting in the step (1) is 16-24 kw, for example, 16kw, 18kw, 20kw, 22kw or 24kw, but not limited to the listed values, and other values not listed in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the condensing and exhausting are repeated in the smelting process.
Preferably, the condensed exhaust gas includes: the power is reduced to 8-16 kw until the liquid level solidifies, and then the power is increased to 18-24 kw until the liquid level melts.
Preferably, the power in the condensed exhaust gas is reduced to 8-16 kw, for example, 8kw, 10kw, 12kw, 14kw or 16kw, but not limited to the recited values, other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable;
preferably, the power in the condensed exhaust gas is increased to 18-24 kw, for example, 18kw, 20kw, 22kw or 24kw, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the number of repetitions is 2 to 5, and may be, for example, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
Preferably, the power of the casting in the step (1) is 24-30 kw, for example 24kw, 25kw, 26kw, 27kw, 28kw, 29kw or 30kw, but not limited to the values listed, other values not listed in the range of values are equally applicable.
Worth speakingIt is clear that argon is introduced into the vacuum furnace before casting until the air pressure in the vacuum furnace reaches 10 percent 4 Pa or above, and casting the alloy liquid into a casting mould.
Preferably, the casting mold includes any one of a water-cooled copper mold, a water-cooled iron mold, or a graphite mold.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the homogenization treatment in step (2) is performed at a temperature of 1250 to 1400 ℃, for example, 1250 ℃, 1280 ℃, 1310 ℃, 1340 ℃, 1370 ℃ or 1400 ℃, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not mentioned in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment in step (2) is performed for a period of time ranging from 1 to 3 hours, for example, 1 hour, 1.4 hours, 1.8 hours, 2.2 hours, 2.6 hours, or 3 hours, but the present invention is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the single pass deformation of the hot forging in the step (2) is less than or equal to 13%, for example, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6% or 5%, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, in the hot forging of the step (2), an annealing treatment is performed between every two times.
The annealing treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 1250 to 1400 ℃, and may be, for example, 1250 ℃, 1280 ℃, 1310 ℃, 1340 ℃, 1370 ℃ or 1400 ℃, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the annealing treatment is performed for 10 to 30 minutes, for example, 10 minutes, 14 minutes, 18 minutes, 22 minutes, 26 minutes or 30 minutes, but the annealing treatment is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the quenching in the step (2) includes water-cooling quenching.
The end temperature of the water-cooling quenching is preferably 25 to 35 ℃, and may be, for example, 25 ℃, 27 ℃, 29 ℃, 31 ℃, 33 ℃ or 35 ℃, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
It is worth to say that the blank after hot forging is put into an annealing furnace to return to 1250-1400 ℃ before water cooling quenching.
Preferably, the single pass deformation of the cold rolling in the step (2) is less than or equal to 6%, for example, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the hardness of the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) is 135-200 HV, for example, 135HV, 140HV, 150HV, 160HV, 170HV, 180HV, 190HV or 200HV, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the thickness of the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) is 1.5-5 mm, for example, 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm or 5mm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the preparation method further comprises: drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar; and then carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing in sequence to obtain the platinum tungsten alloy wire.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the single-pass deformation amount of the drawing is 8%, for example, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 15%, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the diameter of the platinum-tungsten alloy bar is 0.5-1.0 mm, for example, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm or 1mm, but the platinum-tungsten alloy bar is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the single pass reduction rate of the rough drawing is less than or equal to 10%, for example, 10%, 8%, 6%, 5%, 4% or 2%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and the annealing treatment is carried out for 10 to 15 minutes at the temperature of 1000 to 1200 ℃.
The annealing treatment temperature is 1000 to 1200 ℃, and may be 1000 ℃, 1040 ℃, 1080 ℃, 1120 ℃, 1160 ℃, or 1200 ℃, for example, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are equally applicable.
The annealing treatment time is 10 to 15 minutes, and may be, for example, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes or 15 minutes, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the single pass reduction rate of the fine drawing is less than or equal to 6%, for example, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%, but is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy provided by the second aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten with purity more than 99.9% and metal platinum with purity more than 99.9% according to formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum melting and casting to obtain an ingot;
wherein the vacuum melting is performed in a crucible; the vacuum smelting comprises sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping to 1-10 Pa and smelting with smelting power of 16-24 kw;
repeating the smelting process for 2-5 times to perform condensation and exhaust; the condensed exhaust gas includes: reducing the power to 8-16 kw until the liquid level is solidified, and then increasing the power to 18-24 kw until the liquid level is melted;
the casting power is 24-30 kw;
(2) Sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, water-cooling quenching to 25-35 ℃ and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy;
wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 1250-1400 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h;
the single-pass deformation of the hot forging is less than or equal to 13%; in the hot forging, annealing treatment is carried out between every two times; the annealing treatment temperature is 1250-1400 ℃ and the annealing treatment time is 10-30 min;
the single-pass deformation of the cold rolling is less than or equal to 6%;
the hardness of the platinum-tungsten alloy is 135-200 HV, and the thickness is 1.5-5 mm;
(3) Drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm;
wherein the single-pass deformation of the drawing is less than or equal to 8%;
(4) Sequentially carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing on the platinum-tungsten alloy bar in the step (3) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy wire;
wherein the single-pass surface reduction rate of the rough drawing is less than or equal to 10%; the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and the annealing treatment is carried out for 10 to 15 minutes at the temperature of 1000 to 1200 ℃; the single-pass surface reduction rate of the fine drawing is less than or equal to 6 percent.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a platinum-tungsten alloy as provided in the first aspect for the manufacture of jewelry.
The following is a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, but not a limitation of the technical scheme provided by the present invention, and the following preferred technical scheme can better achieve and achieve the objects and advantages of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The platinum-tungsten alloy provided by the invention has the characteristics of high hardness and attractive color, is suitable for preparing platinum jewelry, and is especially suitable for preparing platinum necklaces;
(2) The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of large single feeding amount (the single feeding amount can reach 20 kg), low overall loss, simple method and easy industrial production.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of the present invention, examples are set forth below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
Preparation of I-platinum-tungsten alloy plate
Example 1
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten with the purity of 99.95 percent and metal platinum with the purity of 99.95 percent according to the formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum melting and casting to obtain an ingot;
wherein the vacuum melting is performed in a crucible; the vacuum smelting comprises sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping to 5Pa and smelting under the condition that the smelting power is 20 kw;
repeating the condensation and exhaust for 4 times in the smelting process; the condensed exhaust gas includes: reducing the power to 12kw until the liquid level solidifies, and then increasing the power to 20kw until the liquid level melts;
the power of the casting is 27kw;
(2) Sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, water cooling quenching and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy;
wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 1320 ℃ and the time is 2h;
the single-pass deformation of the hot forging is 10%; in the hot forging, annealing treatment is carried out between every two times; the annealing treatment temperature is 1320 ℃ and the annealing treatment time is 20min;
the single-pass deformation amount of the cold rolling is 5%; the thickness of the platinum-tungsten alloy is 3mm;
(3) Drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 0.8 mm;
wherein the single pass deformation of the drawing is 6%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a platinum-tungsten alloy, wherein the content of the metal tungsten in the platinum-tungsten alloy is 5wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten with the purity of 99.99 percent and metal platinum with the purity of 99.99 percent according to the formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum melting and casting to obtain an ingot;
wherein the vacuum melting is performed in a crucible; the vacuum smelting comprises sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping to 1Pa and smelting under the condition that the smelting power is 16 kw;
repeating the condensation and exhaust for 2 times in the smelting process; the condensed exhaust gas includes: reducing the power to 8kw until the liquid level solidifies, and then increasing the power to 18kw until the liquid level melts;
the casting power is 24kw;
(2) Sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, water cooling quenching and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy;
wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 1250 ℃ and the time is 3 hours;
the single-pass deformation of the hot forging is 13%; in the hot forging, annealing treatment is carried out between every two times; the annealing treatment temperature is 1250 ℃ and the annealing treatment time is 30min;
the single-pass deformation amount of the cold rolling is 6%; the thickness of the platinum-tungsten alloy is 1.5mm.
(3) Drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 0.5 mm;
wherein the single pass deformation of the drawing is 4%.
Example 3
The present example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy in which the content of metallic tungsten is 0.1wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten with the purity of 99.92% and metal platinum with the purity of 99.92% according to the formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum melting and casting to obtain an ingot;
wherein the vacuum melting is performed in a crucible; the vacuum smelting comprises sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping to 10Pa and smelting under the condition that the smelting power is 24kw;
repeating the condensation and exhaust for 5 times in the smelting process; the condensed exhaust gas includes: reducing the power to 16kw until the liquid level solidifies, and then increasing the power to 24kw until the liquid level melts;
the casting power is 30kw;
(2) Sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, water cooling quenching and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy;
wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 1400 ℃ and the time is 1h;
the single-pass deformation of the hot forging is 7%; in the hot forging, annealing treatment is carried out between every two times; the annealing treatment temperature is 1400 ℃ and the annealing treatment time is 10-30 min;
the single-pass deformation amount of the cold rolling is 4%; the thickness of the platinum-tungsten alloy is 5mm;
(3) Drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 1.0mm;
wherein the single-pass deformation of the drawing is less than or equal to 8 percent.
Example 4
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is different from example 1 only in that:
in the embodiment, the vacuum smelting process in the step (1) is modified to smelting first and then vacuumizing.
Example 5
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is different from example 1 only in that:
the present example modifies the power of the smelting of step (1) to 12kw.
Example 6
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is different from example 1 only in that:
the present example modifies the power of the smelting of step (1) to 30kw.
Example 7
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is different from example 1 only in that:
in this embodiment, the single-pass deformation amount of the hot forging in the step (2) is modified to 17%.
Example 8
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is different from example 1 only in that:
in this embodiment, the water-cooling quenching process in step (2) is omitted.
Example 9
This example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 4.8wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is different from example 1 only in that:
in this embodiment, the temperature of the annealing treatment in the step (2) is modified to 1100 ℃.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a metal tungsten content of 6wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a platinum-tungsten alloy having a content of metal tungsten of 0.05wt%. The preparation method of the platinum-tungsten alloy is the same as that of the example 1.
The platinum-tungsten alloys prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to hardness test, and the test results are shown in table 1, and the test methods are as follows:
hardness testing: the method for testing the Vickers hardness is adopted, namely a regular quadrangular pyramid diamond pressure head with a specified angle on two opposite surfaces of the top is pressed into the surface of a sample by using test force, the test force is removed after the sample is kept for a specified time, and the diagonal length of the indentation on the surface of the sample is measured.
TABLE 1
| hardness/HV | |
| Example 1 | 185 |
| Example 2 | 200 |
| Example 3 | 135 |
| Example 4 | 155 |
| Example 5 | 140 |
| Example 6 | 175 |
| Example 7 | 145 |
| Example 8 | 140 |
| Example 9 | 160 |
| Comparative example 1 | 215 |
| Comparative example 2 | 130 |
The following points can be seen from Table 1:
(1) Comprehensive analysis examples 1-3 show that the platinum-tungsten alloy obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of large hardness and beautiful color, and is suitable for preparing platinum jewelry;
(2) Comprehensive analysis of examples 1 and 4 shows that when smelting is performed first and then vacuumized, the raw materials are easy to oxidize, and the hardness of the raw materials is obviously reduced;
(3) From a combination of the analysis of examples 1 and examples 5-6, it is known that excessive melting power during vacuum melting may damage the processing equipment or cause crucible penetration (example 6), and that excessive melting power may result in incomplete melting of tungsten metal with particulate matter remaining (example 5);
(4) Analysis of examples 1 and 7 shows that when the single-pass deformation of hot forging is too high, cracking may occur due to the excessive pass processing amount, and the material is scrapped;
(5) As is clear from a comprehensive analysis of examples 1 and 8, omitting the quenching process results in a significant decrease in hardness;
(6) Comprehensive analysis of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 shows that the content of tungsten in the platinum-tungsten alloy affects the hardness of the product; if the content of the metal tungsten is too high, the material is too hard to process; too low results in too soft material, being easily deformed and not meeting the processing requirements.
II, preparation of platinum tungsten alloy wire
Application example 1
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing on the platinum-tungsten alloy bar to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy wire with the diameter of 0.5 mm;
wherein the single-pass face reduction rate of the rough drawing is 8%; the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and annealing treatment is carried out for 12 minutes at 1100 ℃; the single pass reduction rate of the fine drawing is 4%.
Application example 2
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 2, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing on the platinum-tungsten alloy bar to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy wire with the diameter of 0.3 mm;
wherein the single-pass face reduction rate of the rough drawing is 10%; the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and the annealing treatment is carried out for 10 minutes at 1200 ℃; the single pass reduction rate of the fine drawing is 6%.
Application example 3
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing on the platinum-tungsten alloy bar to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy wire with the diameter of 0.4 mm;
wherein the single-pass face reduction rate of the rough drawing is 7%; the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and the annealing treatment is carried out for 15 minutes at 1000 ℃; the single pass face reduction rate of the fine drawing is 5%.
Application example 4
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 4, and the method is the same as that of the application example 1.
Application example 5
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 54, and the method is the same as that of application example 1.
Application example 6
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 6, and the method is the same as that of the application example 1.
Application example 7
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 7, and the method is the same as that of the application example 1.
Application example 8
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 8, and the method is the same as that of the application example 1.
Application example 9
The application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire by adopting the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in the embodiment 9, and the method is the same as that of application example 1.
Comparative application example 1
The present application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire using the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in comparative example 1, which is the same as application example 1.
Comparative application example 2
The present application example provides a method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy wire using the platinum-tungsten alloy bar provided in comparative example 2, which is the same as application example 1.
The tensile strength test was performed on the platinum tungsten alloy wire provided in the above application examples and comparative example application examples, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The following points can be seen from the comprehensive analysis table 2:
(1) Comprehensive analysis application examples 1-3 show that the wire prepared from the platinum-tungsten alloy provided by the invention has excellent tensile strength, and is not easy to damage and break when being made into jewelry;
(2) As can be seen from the comprehensive analysis of the application examples 1 and the comparative application examples 1-2, when the content of the tungsten metal is too large, the tensile strength is larger, and the material is easy to crack or break after being cracked in the processing process; when the content of the metal tungsten is too small, the tensile strength is smaller, the breaking force is too small, and the material is easy to break wires in the processing process, so that the formation of platinum-tungsten jewelry is affected.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The platinum-tungsten alloy is characterized in that the metal tungsten in the platinum-tungsten alloy accounts for 0.1-5 wt% of the total weight of the metal platinum and the metal tungsten.
2. A method for preparing a platinum-tungsten alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten and metal platinum according to the formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum smelting and casting to obtain an ingot;
(2) And (3) sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, quenching and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain the platinum-tungsten alloy.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the purity of the metallic tungsten in step (1) is > 99.9%;
preferably, the purity of the metallic platinum of step (1) is > 99.9%.
4. A method of preparation according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the vacuum melting of step (1) is carried out in a crucible;
preferably, the vacuum smelting in the step (1) comprises vacuumizing and smelting which are sequentially carried out;
preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum smelting in the step (1) is 1-10 Pa;
preferably, the smelting power of the vacuum smelting in the step (1) is 16-24 kw;
preferably, the condensation and exhaust are repeated in the smelting process;
preferably, the condensed exhaust gas includes: reducing the power to 8-16 kw until the liquid level is solidified, and then increasing the power to 18-24 kw until the liquid level is melted;
preferably, the number of repetitions is 2 to 5;
preferably, the power of the casting in the step (1) is 24-30 kw.
5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the homogenization treatment in step (2) is performed at a temperature of 1250 to 1400 ℃;
preferably, the homogenization treatment in the step (2) is performed for 1-3 hours;
preferably, the single-pass deformation of the hot forging in the step (2) is less than or equal to 13%;
preferably, in the hot forging of the step (2), an annealing treatment is performed between every two times;
preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 1250-1400 ℃;
preferably, the annealing treatment is performed for 10 to 30 minutes.
6. The method of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the quenching of step (2) comprises water-cooled quenching;
preferably, the end temperature of the water-cooling quenching is 25-35 ℃;
preferably, the single-pass deformation of the cold rolling in the step (2) is less than or equal to 6%;
preferably, the hardness of the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) is 135-200 HV;
preferably, the thickness of the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) is 1.5-5 mm.
7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the method further comprises: drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar; and then carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing in sequence to obtain the platinum tungsten alloy wire.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the single pass deformation of the drawing is less than or equal to 8%;
preferably, the diameter of the platinum-tungsten alloy bar is 0.5-1.0 mm;
preferably, the single-pass reduction rate of the rough drawing is less than or equal to 10%;
preferably, the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and the annealing treatment is carried out for 10 to 15 minutes at the temperature of 1000 to 1200 ℃;
preferably, the single pass reduction rate of the fine drawing is less than or equal to 6 percent.
9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the steps of:
(1) Mixing metal tungsten with purity more than 99.9% and metal platinum with purity more than 99.9% according to formula amount, and then sequentially carrying out vacuum melting and casting to obtain an ingot;
wherein the vacuum melting is performed in a crucible; the vacuum smelting comprises sequentially carrying out vacuum pumping to 1-10 Pa and smelting with smelting power of 16-24 kw;
repeating the smelting process for 2-5 times to perform condensation and exhaust; the condensed exhaust gas includes: reducing the power to 8-16 kw until the liquid level is solidified, and then increasing the power to 18-24 kw until the liquid level is melted;
the casting power is 24-30 kw;
(2) Sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, hot forging, water-cooling quenching to 25-35 ℃ and cold rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step (1) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy;
wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 1250-1400 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h;
the single-pass deformation of the hot forging is less than or equal to 13%; in the hot forging, annealing treatment is carried out between every two times; the annealing treatment temperature is 1250-1400 ℃ and the annealing treatment time is 10-30 min;
the single-pass deformation of the cold rolling is less than or equal to 6%;
the hardness of the platinum-tungsten alloy is 135-200 HV, and the thickness is 1.5-5 mm;
(3) Drawing the platinum-tungsten alloy in the step (2) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy bar with the diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm;
wherein the single-pass deformation of the drawing is less than or equal to 8%;
(4) Sequentially carrying out rough drawing and fine drawing on the platinum-tungsten alloy bar in the step (3) to obtain a platinum-tungsten alloy wire;
wherein the single-pass surface reduction rate of the rough drawing is less than or equal to 10%; the total valence power of the rough drawing is more than 70 percent, and the annealing treatment is carried out for 10 to 15 minutes at the temperature of 1000 to 1200 ℃; the single-pass surface reduction rate of the fine drawing is less than or equal to 6 percent.
10. Use of a platinum-tungsten alloy according to claim 1 for the manufacture of platinum jewelry.
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