CN117776486A - Glass melting device and glass manufacturing method - Google Patents
Glass melting device and glass manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117776486A CN117776486A CN202311189114.0A CN202311189114A CN117776486A CN 117776486 A CN117776486 A CN 117776486A CN 202311189114 A CN202311189114 A CN 202311189114A CN 117776486 A CN117776486 A CN 117776486A
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- molten glass
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011451 fired brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a glass melting device and a glass manufacturing method, which provides a technology for improving heating power (W) of high-resistivity molten glass. The glass melting device is provided with: a melting tank for accommodating a glass raw material and molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw material; and a plurality of electrodes for electrically heating the molten glass. The molten glass has a resistivity above 0.5 Ω m at 1600 ℃. The plurality of electrodes form an energizing path having a shortest distance of 1800mm or less.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a glass melting apparatus and a glass manufacturing method.
Background
Patent documents 1 and 2 describe electric melting furnaces for heating molten glass by electric current. The electric melting furnace is provided with a flame space, an upper pool and a lower pool in order from the upper side to the lower side. The upper cell was hexagonal in shape when viewed from above, and molybdenum electrodes were provided near the vertices of the hexagon. Six molybdenum electrodes are used for carrying out electric heating on the molten glass.
The electric melting furnace described in patent document 3 includes a plurality of electrodes at a bottom wall portion thereof. The plurality of electrodes electrically heat the molten glass. The electric melting furnace is an all-electric melting furnace that melts a glass raw material only by electric heating of molten glass. Patent document 3 describes that the glass raw material may be melted by a combination of combustion heat of a gas and electric heating. Patent documents 4 and 5 also describe electric heating of molten glass.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: chinese patent No. 1217867 specification
Patent document 2: chinese utility model No. 2775045 specification
Patent document 3: japanese patent laid-open No. 2018-193269
Patent document 4: international publication No. 2019/004434
Patent document 5: japanese patent laid-open publication 2016-511739
Problems to be solved by the utility model
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a melting vessel 120 having a polygonal shape when viewed from above is known. An electrode 130 is provided near each vertex of the polygon. The plurality of electrodes 130 electrically heat the molten glass. The plurality of electrodes 130 form an energizing path 131 along a diagonal line passing through the center of the polygon when viewed from above.
The two electrodes 130 are electrically connected to each of the energizing paths 131 through wirings 132. In fig. 1 to 3, for convenience of illustration, only 1 wiring 132 out of the plurality of wirings 132 is illustrated. A transformer 133 is provided in the middle of each wiring 132, for example. The transformer 133 applies an ac voltage to the plurality of electrodes 130. The phase of the alternating voltage is adjusted so that a current flows through each of the current-carrying paths 131.
From the viewpoint of safety, an upper limit of the ac voltage is defined. Therefore, the upper limit of the heating power of the molten glass depends on the resistance of the molten glass. This is because the power (P) is the product of the square of the voltage (V) and the inverse (1/R) of the resistance (R) (p=v) 2 R). The higher the resistance of the molten glass, the lower the upper limit of the heating power of the molten glass.
Glass having higher resistivity than general soda lime glass, for example, alkali-free glass may be produced. When the electric current is applied to the molten glass having a high electric resistivity, if the electric current path 131 is long as in the prior art, the electric resistance (R) becomes excessively high and the heating power may be insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a technique for increasing the heating power (W) of a high-resistivity molten glass.
Means for solving the problems
A glass melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a melting tank for accommodating a glass raw material and molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw material; and a plurality of electrodes for electrically heating the molten glass. The molten glass has a resistivity above 0.5 Ω m at 1600 ℃. The plurality of electrodes form an energizing path having a shortest distance of 1800mm or less.
Effects of the utility model
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, by using the current-carrying path having the shortest distance of 1800mm or less, the heating power (W) of the molten glass having high resistivity can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a first reference example.
Fig. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a second reference example.
Fig. 3 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a third reference example.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a glass melting apparatus according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current path according to an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a first modification.
Fig. 7 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a second modification.
Fig. 8 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a third modification.
Fig. 9 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a fourth modification.
Fig. 10 is a plan view showing an electrode and a current-carrying path according to a fifth modification.
Fig. 11 is a plan view showing an example of the inclination of the electrode as viewed from above.
Fig. 12 is a plan view showing an example of an angle formed between the first reference line and the electrode.
Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the inclination of the electrode as seen from the first direction.
Fig. 14 is a plan view showing an example of the angle formed between the second reference line and the electrode.
Fig. 15 is a plan view showing an example of the inclination of the electrode as viewed from the second direction.
Description of the reference numerals
10. Glass melting device
20. Melting tank
30. Electrode
31. Energizing route
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding structures are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof may be omitted. In the specification, "to" representing a numerical range means that numerical values described before and after the numerical value are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
A glass melting apparatus 10 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4. The glass melting device 10 melts the glass raw material G1 to produce molten glass G2. The glass raw material G1 is prepared by mixing a plurality of materials. The glass raw material G1 may contain a fining agent. In order to recover glass, the glass raw material G1 may contain cullet. The glass raw material G1 may be a powder raw material or a granulated raw material obtained by granulating a powder raw material. The glass raw material G1 is determined according to the composition of glass.
The glass melting device 10 includes: a melting tank 20 for accommodating a glass raw material G1 and a molten glass G2 obtained by melting the glass raw material G1; and a plurality of electrodes 30 for electrically heating the molten glass G2. The glass raw material G1 is fed from above to a liquid surface LS of the molten glass G2, and forms a layer on the liquid surface LS. The glass raw material G1 is gradually melted by heat transferred from the molten glass G2.
In order to suppress the escape of heat and volatile components from the molten glass G2, the layer of the glass raw material G1 preferably covers 80% or more of the liquid surface LS of the molten glass G2, and more preferably 90% or more of the liquid surface LS. The maximum temperature of the surface of the layer of the glass raw material G1 is preferably 500 ℃ or less, more preferably 350 ℃ or less.
The glass melting device 10 is preferably an all-electric melting furnace that melts the glass raw material G1 by only electric heating of the molten glass G2. The total electric melting furnace has only the plurality of electrodes 30 as heating sources for melting the glass raw material G1. The glass raw material G1 is gradually melted by heat transferred from the molten glass G2. The electrode 30 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a molybdenum electrode.
The glass melting device 10 may be a combination of electric heating of the molten glass G2 and combustion heat of a combustible gas, heavy oil, or the like, instead of the electric melting furnace, to melt the glass raw material G1. However, the ratio of the amount of electric current heating to the amount of heat per unit time for melting the glass raw material G1 is preferably 80% or more. The ratio was 100% in the total electric melting furnace.
The larger the area of the liquid surface LS of the molten glass G2 is, the larger the input amount per unit time of the glass raw material G1 can be increased, and the molten glass G2 can be mass-produced. 1m relative to the level LS of the molten glass G2 2 The number N of the current-carrying paths 31 in the area is preferably 0.4 or more. If the number N of the current-carrying paths 31 is 0.4 or more, a sufficient heating power (W) can be obtained with respect to the input amount of the glass raw material G1. The number N of the current-carrying paths 31 is 50 or less.
The melting tank 20 has, for example, a two-layer structure (two-layer structure), and includes a first tank 21 and a second tank 22 disposed below the first tank 21. The first tank 21 has a first side wall 21a surrounding the molten glass G2, a first bottom wall 21b supporting the molten glass G2 from below, and a flow port 21c formed through the first bottom wall 21b. The molten glass G2 moves from the first tank 21 to the second tank 22 through the flow port 21c.
The second groove 22 has a second side wall 22a extending downward from the periphery of the flow port 21c and a second bottom wall 22b supporting the molten glass G2 from below. The second side wall 22a is provided with a discharge port 23 for the molten glass G2. The outlet 23 for the molten glass G2 may be provided not in the second side wall 22a but in the second bottom wall 22b.
The melting vessel 20 may not have a double-layer structure, or may not have the second vessel 22. The melting vessel 20 may have the first vessel 21. In the case where the melting vessel 20 does not have the second vessel 22, the flow port 21c is not formed in the first bottom wall 21b. In the case where the melting vessel 20 does not have the second vessel 22, the outlet 23 for the molten glass G2 is provided in the first side wall 21a, but may be provided in the first bottom wall 21b.
The melting vessel 20 is made of refractory bricks. Examples of the refractory bricks include zirconia-based electroformed bricks, alumina/zirconia-based electroformed bricks, AZS (Al-Zr-Si) -based electroformed bricks, and densely fired bricks. The melting vessel 20 may be made of various refractory bricks.
The electrode 30 is rod-shaped, and protrudes obliquely upward or directly upward (obliquely upward in fig. 4) from the first bottom wall 21b, for example. As compared with the case where the electrode 30 protrudes horizontally inward from the first side wall 21a, the current is easily supplied to the entire electrode 30 in the vertical direction, and the concentration of the current to the tip of the electrode 30 can be suppressed, and the melting loss of the electrode 30 can be suppressed. The electrode 30 is disposed outside the flow port 21c of the first bottom wall 21b. Therefore, the distance between the two electrodes 30 facing each other through the flow port 21c is long.
When the current-carrying paths are formed by the 2 electrodes 30 facing each other through the flow port 21c, the resistance of the current-carrying paths (see the current-carrying paths 131 in fig. 1 to 3) increases. Therefore, as will be described in detail later, in the present embodiment, the power-on path 31 is formed along the sides of the polygon drawn by the first side wall 21a when viewed from above (see fig. 5 to 10). This can shorten the current-carrying path 31, reduce the resistance of the current-carrying path 31, and increase the heating power of the molten glass G2.
The electrode 30 preferably protrudes obliquely upward from the first bottom wall 21b, and is inclined in a direction away from the first side wall 21a as it goes upward. By making the upper end of the electrode 30 farther from the first side wall 21a than the lower end of the electrode 30, the flow of electricity on the first side wall 21a can be suppressed. As a result, the erosion rate of the first side wall 21a can be reduced, and the life of the melting vessel 20 can be prolonged. In particular, it is effective when the power-on path 31 is formed along the sides of the polygon drawn by the first side wall 21a when viewed from above (see fig. 5 to 10).
Patent documents 1 and 2 describe that a rod-shaped electrode is inserted obliquely. However, in the present embodiment, the current-carrying path 31 is formed along at least one side of the polygon drawn by the first side wall 21a when viewed from above. As a result, the current-carrying path 31 can be shortened, the resistance of the current-carrying path 31 can be reduced, and the heating power of the molten glass G2 can be increased, as compared with the case where the current-carrying path 131 is formed along a diagonal line passing through the center of the polygon as shown in fig. 1 to 3.
However, when the current-carrying path 31 is formed along at least one side of the polygon as viewed from above, current flows in the vicinity of the first side wall 21a, as compared with the case where the current-carrying path 131 is formed along a diagonal line passing through the center of the polygon. If an electric current flows through the first side wall 21a, there is a possibility that the heating power of the molten glass G2 is lowered.
As in the present embodiment, the case of inclining the electrode 30 to separate the current path 31 from the first side wall 21a does not simulate a known structure (the structures of patent documents 1 and 2), but the combination of the electrode 30 and the current path 31 formed along the sides of the polygon has an effect of sufficiently exhibiting an effect of safely inputting high power, and has a large effect of a simple combination or more.
As shown in fig. 4, an insertion hole 21d for inserting the electrode 30 is formed in the first bottom wall 21b. The insertion hole 21d is provided at a position inside the first side wall 21a and outside the second side wall 22 a. Therefore, there is a structural constraint on the position of the insertion hole 21d. The position of the lower end of the electrode 30 is determined at the position of the insertion hole 21d. Therefore, there is a structural constraint on the distance between the lower end of the electrode 30 and the first sidewall 21a. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the upper end of the electrode 30 is located farther from the first side wall 21a than the lower end of the electrode 30.
An electrode holder 40 is provided in the insertion hole 21d. The electrode holder 40 holds the outer periphery of the electrode 30 and cools the electrode 30, thereby preventing the molten glass G2 from leaking out of the melting vessel 20 through the insertion hole 21d. A refrigerant such as water is supplied to the electrode holder 40. The refrigerant discharges heat of the electrode clip 40 to the outside. The electrode holder 40 may hold the lower end of the electrode 30. The electrode holder 40 does not protrude upward from the insertion hole 21d, but may protrude.
The molten glass G2 has a resistivity of 0.5. OMEGA.m or more at 1600 ℃. As the molten glass G2 having a high resistivity, alkali-free glass can be exemplified. Alkali-free glass means substantially free of Na 2 O、K 2 Glass of alkali metal oxide such as O. Here, substantially not containing an alkali metal oxide means that the total amount of the content of the alkali metal oxide is 0.1 mass% or less.
The alkali-free glass contains SiO, for example, in mass% based on oxide 2 ：54％～73％、Al 2 O 3 ：10％～23％、B 2 O 3 :0.1% -12%, mgO:0% -12%, caO:0% -15%, srO:0% -16%, baO:0% -15% of MgO, caO, srO and BaO, and 8% -26% of the total. Here, B 2 O 3 The components of MgO, caO, srO and BaO are not essential, but arbitrary.
Further, the resistivity of the molten glass G2 at 1600 ℃ is preferably 2.5 Ω m or less.
Next, the electrode 30 and the power path 31 will be described with reference to fig. 5 to 10. The two electrodes 30 are electrically connected to each of the power paths 31 through wirings 32. A transformer 33 is provided in the middle of the wiring 32, for example. The transformer 33 applies an ac voltage to the plurality of electrodes 30. The phase of the alternating voltage is adjusted so that a current flows through each of the power paths 31.
From the viewpoint of safety, an upper limit of the ac voltage is defined. Therefore, the upper limit of the heating power of the molten glass G2 depends on the resistance of the molten glass G2. This isThe reason is that the power (P) is the product of the square of the voltage (V) and the inverse (1/R) of the resistance (R) (p=v 2 R). The higher the resistance of the molten glass G2, the lower the upper limit of the heating power of the molten glass G2.
Glass having higher resistivity than general soda lime glass, for example, alkali-free glass may be produced. When the molten glass G2 having a high resistivity is electrically heated, the electrical resistance of the current-carrying path 131 increases when the current-carrying path 131 (see fig. 1 to 3) having a long length as in the prior art is used.
In the present embodiment, the plurality of electrodes 30 form the shortest distance L min (see FIG. 11) is 1800mm or less of the current-carrying path 31. This can reduce the resistance of the current-carrying path 31, and can obtain a sufficient heating power, the shortest distance L min Preferably 1800mm or less, more preferably 1500mm or less. The shortest distance L is from the viewpoint of uniformity of a temperature history (hereinafter, simply referred to as "temperature history") from when the glass raw material G1 is put into the melting tank 20 to when the molten glass G2 is taken out of the melting tank 20 min Preferably 100mm or more.
In addition, as shown in fig. 11, in the case where the electrode 30 is inclined, the shortest distance L min Is the distance of the upper ends of the electrodes 30 from each other. In this case, the current-carrying path 31 is formed mainly on the straight line connecting the upper ends of the electrodes 30. On the other hand, when the electrode 30 is vertically raised, the shortest distance L min Is the distance of the electrodes 30 from each other at the same height. In this case, the conductive path 31 is formed integrally in the vertical direction of the electrode 30.
As shown in fig. 5 to 10, the first side wall 21a is polygonal when viewed from above. The polygon is not limited to a hexagon (see fig. 5, 7, and 10), a heptagon (see fig. 9), or a dodecagon (see fig. 6 and 8). The polygon may be triangle-pentagon, octagon-decagon or thirteen or more. The polygon may be any one of an even-numbered polygon and an odd-numbered polygon. The polygon is preferably a regular polygon or a polygon in which corners of the regular polygon are chamfered (a polygon having long sides and short sides alternately (see fig. 8)) from the viewpoint of symmetry of the temperature distribution of the molten glass G2, and the like. By chamfering the corners of the regular polygon, places (dead zones) where electric heating is impossible can be reduced. The polygon is preferably line-symmetrical with respect to the outlet 23.
In addition, although not shown, when the first side wall 21a is polygonal when viewed from above, the second side wall 22a is polygonal and has a similar shape in which the first side wall 21a is narrowed. The center of the polygon drawn by the second side wall 22a coincides with the center of the polygon drawn by the first side wall 21a when viewed from above. In addition, the first side wall 21a and the second side wall 22a may not be similar, for example, the first side wall 21a may be dodecagonal, and the second side wall 22a may be hexagonal.
As shown in fig. 5 to 10, the plurality of electrodes 30 form a current-carrying path 31 along at least one side of the polygon when viewed from above. Compared with the case where the current-carrying path 131 is formed along a diagonal line passing through the center of the polygon as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the current-carrying path 31 can be shortened, the resistance of the current-carrying path 31 can be reduced, and the heating power of the molten glass G2 can be increased.
In the present specification, the current path 31 includes both that the current path 31 is completely parallel to one side of the polygon and that the current path 31 is inclined within ±10° with respect to one side of the polygon along one side of the polygon. The plurality of power paths 31 are easily arranged symmetrically, compared with the case where the power paths 31 are inclined from one side of the polygon to be deviated from the above range.
As shown in fig. 7 to 10, the plurality of electrodes 30 preferably form a power path 31 along each side of the polygon when viewed from above. Compared with the case where the power-on path 31 does not extend along each side of the polygon, the area (dead zone) where electric heating is not possible can be reduced, and the uniformity of the temperature history can be improved.
As shown in fig. 10, preferably, three electrodes 30 form two current-carrying paths 31 along at least one side (preferably, each side) of the polygon. Not only the current-carrying path 31 can be shortened, but also the number of the electrodes 30 and the electrode clamps 40 can be reduced as compared with the case where two current-carrying paths 31 are formed by four electrodes 30. As a result, the amount of the refrigerant used can be reduced, and the heating efficiency of the molten glass G2 can be improved.
As shown in fig. 5 to 10, it is preferable that the electrode 30 is provided in the vicinity of each vertex of the polygon when viewed from above. Here, providing the electrode 30 in the vicinity of each vertex means that the center of the upper surface of the electrode 30 is provided within 20% of each vertex, assuming that the diameter of a circle having the same area as the polygon is 100%. By providing the electrode 30 in the vicinity of each vertex, the area where electric heating is impossible (dead zone) can be reduced.
Next, the inclination of the electrode 30 will be described with reference to fig. 4 and 11 to 15. As described above, as shown in fig. 4, the electrode 30 has a rod shape, protrudes obliquely upward from the first bottom wall 21b, and is inclined in a direction away from the first side wall 21a as it goes upward. As shown in fig. 11, the center of the upper surface of the electrode 30 is preferably displaced toward the center P20 of the melting vessel 20 as compared with the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30 when viewed from above.
As shown in fig. 12, it is preferable that the angle α1 between the first reference line L1 connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30 and the center P20 of the melting vessel 20 and the straight line PL connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30 and the center of the upper surface of the electrode 30 is within ±5° when viewed from above. The first reference line L1 corresponds to a first vertical plane P1 described below when viewed from above.
As shown in fig. 13, the inclination angle β1 of the straight line PL connecting the lower surface center of the electrode 30 and the upper surface center of the electrode 30 with respect to the plumb line L3 passing through the lower surface center of the electrode 30 is preferably in the range of 5 ° to 45 ° when viewed from the first direction (arrow XIII direction) orthogonal to the first plumb plane P1 shown in fig. 12.
As shown in fig. 14, when viewed from above, the first side wall 21a is preferably polygonal, and an angle α2 formed by a second reference line L2, which is orthogonal to a side closest to the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30 among sides of the polygon and passes through the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30, and a straight line PL connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30 and the center of the upper surface of the electrode 30 is preferably within a range of ±30°. The second reference line L2 coincides with a second vertical plane P2 described below when viewed from above.
As shown in fig. 15, it is preferable that the angle β2 formed by the inner wall surface of the first side wall 21a and the straight line PL connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode 30 and the center of the upper surface of the electrode 30 is in the range of 5 ° to 60 ° when viewed from the second direction (the direction of arrow XV) orthogonal to the second vertical plane P2 shown in fig. 14. The inner wall surface of the first side wall 21a may be inclined outward as it goes upward.
Next, a glass manufacturing method will be described. The glass manufacturing method comprises the following steps: producing molten glass G2 using the glass melting device 10; and manufacturing a glass article by forming the molten glass G2 into a desired shape and cooling. The glass article is, for example, a glass substrate for a display. However, the shape of the glass article is not limited to the plate shape.
The glass melting apparatus and the glass manufacturing method according to the present disclosure have been described above, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and the like. Various modifications, corrections, substitutions, additions, deletions and combinations can be made within the scope described in the claims. As to them, of course, also fall within the technical scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (16)
1. A glass melting device is provided with: a melting tank for accommodating a glass raw material and molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw material; and a plurality of electrodes for electrically heating the molten glass, wherein,
the molten glass has a resistivity of 0.5 Omegam or more at 1600 ℃,
the plurality of electrodes form an energizing path having a shortest distance of 1800mm or less.
2. The glass melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
1m relative to the liquid level of the molten glass 2 The number of the current-carrying paths in the area is 0.4 or more.
3. The glass melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the melting tank has a first tank and a second tank disposed below the first tank,
the first groove has: a first sidewall surrounding the molten glass; a first bottom wall supporting the molten glass from below; and a flow port formed in the first bottom wall,
the second groove has: a second side wall extending downward from the periphery of the flow port; and a second bottom wall supporting the molten glass from below.
4. A glass melting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein,
the first sidewall is polygonal when viewed from above.
5. A glass melting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein,
the plurality of electrodes form the energizing path along at least one side of the polygon when viewed from above.
6. A glass melting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein,
when viewed from above, the three electrodes form two current-carrying paths along at least one side of the polygon.
7. A glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein,
the electrodes are disposed near respective vertices of the polygon when viewed from above.
8. A glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein,
the electrode is rod-shaped, protrudes obliquely upward from the first bottom wall, and is inclined in a direction away from the first side wall as it goes upward.
9. The glass melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein,
a straight line connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode and the center of the upper surface of the electrode, when viewed from a first direction orthogonal to the first vertical plane, has an inclination angle ranging from 5 DEG to 45 DEG with respect to a plumb line passing through the center of the lower surface of the electrode,
the first vertical surface coincides with a first reference line connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode and the center of the melting vessel when viewed from above.
10. The glass melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein,
an angle formed by the inner wall surface of the first side wall and a straight line connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode and the center of the upper surface of the electrode is in the range of 5 DEG to 60 DEG when viewed from a second direction orthogonal to a second vertical surface,
the first side wall is a polygon in which the second vertical surface coincides with a second reference line, which is orthogonal to and passes through the center of the lower surface of the electrode, among sides of the polygon, closest to the center of the lower surface of the electrode, when viewed from above.
11. The glass melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein,
an angle formed by a first reference line connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode and the center of the melting vessel and a straight line connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode and the center of the upper surface of the electrode is within a range of + -5 DEG when viewed from above.
12. The glass melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein,
the first side wall is polygonal when viewed from above, and an angle formed by a second reference line passing through the center of the lower surface of the electrode and a straight line connecting the center of the lower surface of the electrode and the center of the upper surface of the electrode, which is orthogonal to a side closest to the center of the lower surface of the electrode among sides of the polygon, is within a range of + -30 deg.
13. The glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the molten glass is alkali-free glass.
14. The glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the amount of the heating by the electricity is 80% or more of the amount of heat per unit time for melting the glass raw material.
15. The glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the glass raw material covers 80% or more of the liquid surface of the molten glass.
16. A glass manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
producing the molten glass using the glass melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6; and
A glass article is manufactured by forming the molten glass into a desired shape and cooling.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022153688A JP2024047915A (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2022-09-27 | Glass melting apparatus and glass manufacturing method |
| JP2022-153688 | 2022-09-27 |
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| CN117776486A true CN117776486A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| CN202311189114.0A Pending CN117776486A (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2023-09-14 | Glass melting device and glass manufacturing method |
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| JP (1) | JP2024047915A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20240043685A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2775045Y (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-04-26 | 孙新奉 | Electric smelting furnace for smelting multiple kinds of glass |
| KR101217867B1 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 한국원자력의학원 | Apparatus and method of measuring the motion of internal organ using molecular sieve and pet |
| KR102169675B1 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2020-10-26 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | High volume production of display quality glass sheets having low zirconia levels |
| JP6792825B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2020-12-02 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | Manufacturing method of glass articles and melting furnace |
| JP7174360B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2022-11-17 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | Glass article manufacturing method, melting furnace and glass article manufacturing apparatus |
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| JP2024047915A (en) | 2024-04-08 |
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