CN117768287A - High-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation method based on multistage estimation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation method based on multistage estimation, which belongs to the field of wireless communication and respectively compensates normalized Doppler frequency offset larger than one subcarrier interval and normalized Doppler frequency offset smaller than one subcarrier interval through ephemeris frequency offset precompensation and residual frequency offset rough and fine estimation. The method comprises the following steps: expanding a frequency offset estimation scheme consisting of three parts, namely ephemeris frequency offset pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation; performing frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and the geographic position of the terminal equipment; equivalently converting the residual frequency offset estimation into a discrete Fourier transform interpolation frequency estimation problem, and obtaining a residual frequency offset coarse estimation; and obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation by using the shift interpolation equivalent frequency estimation of the two-time iterative discrete Fourier transform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a high-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation method based on multistage estimation.
Background
The non-ground satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage, long transmission distance, high bandwidth, stable communication quality and the like, and can be used as an effective supplement of a ground cellular network. With the continuous evolution of non-terrestrial satellite communication systems, the requirements of people on the transmission efficiency and reliability are increasing. However, OFDM-based wireless communication systems are very sensitive to carrier frequency offset, which may lead to frequency synchronization errors. For NR and NTN technologies, frequency synchronization is one of the basic steps of accessing a terminal device to a network, and is also a basic premise. Therefore, frequency synchronization is critical to the initial access of the satellite communication system. In OFDM systems, CFO is mainly caused by relative motion across the transmitter and receiver or crystal oscillator errors across. In the past two decades, the frequency synchronization problem of the OFDM system has been studied in the industry and in the academia, however, the performance of the synchronization methods is inevitably limited mainly aiming at the ground cellular network and the problems of high frequency offset, low signal to noise ratio and the like in non-ground network scenes such as satellites and the like.
The synchronization methods may be categorized according to whether additional data participation is required, including data-aided synchronization methods and non-data-aided synchronization methods. Most of the existing non-data aided methods require that the transmitted signal have certain specific characteristics, i.e. the structure of the transmitted signal needs to be modified, and some of them have a high delay. The synchronization method based on data assistance has the characteristics of high synchronization precision, low calculation complexity, low data transmission efficiency and the like. Although the method can better cope with the influence factors such as frequency offset, multipath and the like through continuous improvement, the method limits the estimation range of the frequency offset within 1/2 of the subcarrier interval, and is not suitable for satellite communication scenes with the frequency offset being far greater than one subcarrier interval. In a non-terrestrial satellite communication system, carrier frequency offset is significantly higher than in a terrestrial cellular network, assuming low-orbit satellites are used. In a low orbit satellite system on 700km circular orbit, the maximum doppler frequency offset can reach 70KHz, which is far in excess of the carrier frequency offset in terrestrial cellular networks. There is currently no sufficient research conclusion to determine whether LTE/NR compatible synchronization methods are suitable for OFDM-based satellite communication systems. For the frequency synchronization error of a satellite communication system, less than 4% of the subcarrier spacing is required in an additive white gaussian noise channel. When the frequency offset error is in this range, the system performance penalty due to the frequency offset is negligible. Most of the current LTE/NR compatible synchronization methods cannot provide accurate frequency offset estimation under such low signal-to-noise ratio.
Aiming at the problems of the traditional frequency offset compensation algorithm in a large frequency offset scene, the invention provides a multistage frequency offset synchronization method, and the frequency offset estimation is divided into three parts, namely ephemeris frequency offset pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation, which are respectively completed. Pre-compensating Doppler frequency offset with more than one subcarrier interval by using ephemeris data and a terminal geographic position; and for residual frequency offset smaller than one subcarrier interval, performing frequency offset compensation by converting the frequency offset estimation problem into an iterative discrete Fourier transform coefficient interpolation equivalent frequency estimation problem. First, the method facilitates integration of LTE/NR with satellite communication systems. Secondly, the method fully utilizes the characteristics of the synchronous sequence and the characteristics of a satellite system channel. Compared with the traditional synchronization algorithm, the frequency offset compensation accuracy and the downlink initial access success rate can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation method based on multistage estimation, which aims to improve the precision of large-amplitude Doppler frequency offset compensation in a non-ground satellite communication system and improve the accuracy of information transmission.
In a first aspect, a high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method based on multistage estimation is provided, the method comprising: expanding a frequency offset estimation scheme consisting of three parts, namely ephemeris frequency offset pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation; performing frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and the geographic position of the terminal equipment; equivalently converting the residual frequency offset estimation into a discrete Fourier transform interpolation frequency estimation problem, and obtaining a residual frequency offset coarse estimation; and obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation by using the shift interpolation equivalent frequency estimation of the two-time iterative discrete Fourier transform.
Further, the expanding the Doppler frequency offset estimation model into three parts based on ephemeris frequency offset pre-estimation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation comprises: for normalized Doppler frequency offset of more than one subcarrier interval, performing frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and geographic position of terminal equipment; and aiming at the residual Doppler frequency offset smaller than one subcarrier interval, converting the frequency offset estimation problem into the iterative discrete Fourier transform coefficient interpolation equivalent frequency coarse estimation and fine estimation problem.
Further, the pre-compensating of frequency offset by using ephemeris data and geographic position of terminal equipment includes: the frequency offset precompensation is obtained by adopting calculation of the relative speed of the low-orbit satellite and the terminal.
Further, the step of equivalently converting the residual frequency offset estimation into an interpolation equivalent frequency estimation problem of a discrete fourier transform coefficient, and obtaining a residual frequency offset coarse estimation includes: by defining channel response
And simplifying the cross-correlation function of the receiving synchronous signal and the local reference synchronous signal to convert the estimation problem of carrier frequency offset into the equivalent frequency estimation problem. And obtaining the residual frequency deviation rough estimation by searching a frequency spectrum peak index of a transformation coefficient for the equivalent frequency estimation through discrete Fourier transformation.
Further, the method further comprises: and estimating residual frequency offset by using the nonlinear estimator, and selecting half sample index values of the discrete Fourier transform coefficient amplitude samples for interpolation operation, namely performing twice interpolation to obtain a first residual frequency offset fine estimation iteration value. Comprising the following steps: and iterating the second iteration by using the obtained first residual frequency offset fine estimation iteration value to obtain a finer residual frequency offset fine estimation value.
In a second aspect, a high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation device based on multistage estimation is provided, including:
the obtaining unit: obtaining a system receiving signal, a channel response and a local reference signal according to a system model;
the processing unit is used for expanding a frequency offset estimation scheme, and acquiring frequency offset is divided into three parts of ephemeris pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation;
and a processing unit: the method comprises the steps of calculating by using ephemeris information and geographic positions of terminal equipment to obtain a rough estimated value of frequency offset;
and a processing unit: the method comprises the steps of performing equivalent transformation on residual frequency offset estimation into discrete Fourier transform interpolation equivalent frequency estimation, and obtaining a residual frequency offset coarse estimation value;
and a processing unit: the method is used for obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation value by utilizing the iterative discrete Fourier transform interpolation equivalent frequency estimation.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory for storing computer program code comprising computer instructions that, when read from the memory by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the high accuracy doppler frequency offset compensation method of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer storage medium comprising computer instructions which, when run on a terminal, cause the terminal to perform the high accuracy doppler frequency offset compensation method of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the high accuracy doppler frequency offset compensation method as described in the first aspect.
By the technical scheme, the Doppler frequency offset compensation algorithm under the traditional cellular network is improved and is set as a non-ground satellite communication system, and in the estimation method comprising ephemeris frequency offset pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation, the accuracy of a frequency offset estimation value can be iteratively improved, and a frequency offset compensation optimal value is obtained. Therefore, the problem that the traditional algorithm is mainly aimed at a ground cellular network and the frequency offset compensation precision is low when the traditional method is limited by high frequency offset and low signal to noise ratio in non-ground network communication can be avoided.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
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For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a communication scene graph after a system model is applied in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a proposed model of multistage frequency offset estimation for a non-terrestrial communication system;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation device based on multi-stage estimation according to an embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an example of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, the application scenario of the present invention is a non-terrestrial satellite communication network system, which includes: the gateway is a reference point between the non-terrestrial network and the public data network, and the feeder link is a communication link between the gateway and the satellite or other air carrier platform, and the service link is a communication link between the non-terrestrial satellite system terminal and the satellite or other air carrier platform. The compensation of doppler frequency offset experienced on the serving link will be performed by the end user and the frequency offset management on the feeder link will be implemented by the network.
It should be further noted that, the downlink of the non-terrestrial communication system is considered in the present application, and the doppler frequency offset compensation method provided in the present application is applied to the terminal side.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method based on multistage estimation according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, where the method is as follows:
s201: expanding a frequency offset estimation scheme consisting of three parts, namely ephemeris frequency offset pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation;
it should also be noted that, the frequency offset estimation scheme based on three parts of ephemeris frequency offset pre-estimation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation is developed, including:
s301: for normalized Doppler frequency offset of more than one subcarrier interval, performing frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and geographic position of terminal equipment; and aiming at the residual Doppler frequency offset smaller than one subcarrier interval, converting the frequency offset estimation problem into the iterative discrete Fourier transform coefficient interpolation equivalent frequency coarse estimation and fine estimation problem.
S302: the method comprises the steps of performing frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and the geographic position of terminal equipment, and calculating the relative speed of a satellite and the terminal by adopting the following calculation process:
the distance between the satellite and the terminal device can be calculated according to the cosine law:
wherein r represents the orbital height h of the low-orbit satellite and the radius r of the earth E And (3) summing. The relative speed between the low-orbit satellite and the ground terminal equipment obtained by the above-mentioned deviation of the geocentric angle alpha is as follows:
wherein,representing the angular velocity of the satellite, G and M representing the gravitational constant and mass of the earth, respectively, and calculating the common equation based on the Doppler frequency offsetThe formula:
wherein f c Is the carrier frequency, c is the speed of light,is the elevation angle, f m Indicating the maximum doppler frequency offset. Substitution of equation 1 and equation 2 into equation 3 yields the relationship between doppler frequency offset and elevation angle: thereby completing the pre-compensation of the ephemeris frequency offset.
S202: and obtaining the coarse estimation of the residual frequency offset by utilizing the interpolation frequency estimation problem of equivalently converting the residual frequency offset estimation into the discrete Fourier transform coefficient.
It should be noted that, using the problem of equivalent transformation of the residual frequency offset estimation into the interpolation frequency estimation of the discrete fourier transform coefficient, the method for obtaining the residual frequency offset coarse estimation includes:
s401: the cross-correlation function calculation formula of the received synchronization signal and the local reference synchronization signal can be obtained as follows:
where y (n) denotes a terminal reception signal, and the primary synchronization signal s (n) is known at the reception end. Defining the channel response as h (n) =ae jθ ，Simplifying the cross-correlation function of the receiving synchronous signal and the local reference synchronous signal to equivalently convert the estimation problem of carrier frequency offset into an equivalent frequency estimation problem, which is that:
s402: searching a spectrum peak index of a discrete Fourier transform coefficient by using the equivalent frequency estimation to initialize:
wherein k is p P (k) represents the frequency spectrum of DFT to obtain the coarse estimation value f of residual frequency offset rough ＝k p Δf，Δf＝f s /N，f s And N represents the subcarrier spacing and the number of sampling points, respectively.
S203: and obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation by utilizing the interpolation equivalent frequency estimation of the iterative discrete Fourier transform coefficient.
It should be noted that, the obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation by the interpolation equivalent frequency estimation of the iterative discrete fourier transform coefficient includes:
s401: expanding the iterative discrete Fourier transform interpolation equivalent frequency estimation method to use discrete Fourier transform coefficient offsetInterpolation is carried out on the two coefficients of the first residual frequency offset fine estimation to obtain an iteration value of the first residual frequency offset fine estimation:
wherein Re (·) represents the real part, C ±0.5 DFT coefficients representing the correlated signal:
s402: the residual frequency offset fine estimation value obtained by taking the first interpolation iteration into consideration is obtained by carrying out the second iteration:
wherein the coefficients C of DFT of the correlation signal ±q The method comprises the following steps:therefore, the residual frequency offset fine estimation value can be obtained as follows:
f precise ＝δ 2 ·△f (11)
it should be further noted that, as shown in the multi-stage frequency offset estimation model diagram of the non-terrestrial communication system in fig. 3: before detection, the synchronous signal sequence is required to be subjected to signal processing, and then a Doppler frequency offset estimation scheme consisting of three parts of ephemeris frequency offset pre-estimation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation is developed.
The Doppler frequency offset estimation method expands multi-stage compensation and estimates the frequency offset by using an interpolation iteration method. The frequency offset compensation method has more accurate compensation performance than the conventional method.
In the case of using an integrated unit, fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation device based on multistage estimation according to the above embodiment. The device comprises: a obtaining unit 601 and a processing unit 602.
An obtaining unit 601, configured to obtain a system reception signal, a channel response, and a local reference signal according to a system model;
the processing unit 602 is configured to expand a frequency offset estimation scheme, and acquire a frequency offset and divide the frequency offset into three parts, namely a pre-estimation part, a residual frequency offset coarse estimation part and a residual frequency offset fine estimation part;
the processing unit 602 is configured to calculate using ephemeris information and a geographic location of the terminal device, and obtain a pre-estimated value of the frequency offset;
the processing unit 602 is further configured to equivalently convert the residual frequency offset estimation into an interpolation equivalent frequency estimation problem of a discrete fourier transform coefficient, and obtain a residual frequency offset coarse estimation;
the processing unit 602 is further configured to obtain a refined residual frequency offset estimate by using the interpolated equivalent frequency estimate of the iterative discrete fourier transform coefficient.
It should be further noted that, for convenience and brevity of description, a specific working process of the high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method described above may refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to a third embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, the apparatus may include a processor 701 and a memory 702, where the memory 702 is coupled to the processor 701, and the memory is configured to store computer program code, where the computer program code includes computer instructions, when the processor reads the computer instructions from the memory, so that the electronic device performs the high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method provided in the first embodiment.
The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium, which may include a computer program or instructions, which when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method described in the above embodiment.
Embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method described in the foregoing embodiments.
The above-described embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination. When implemented using a software program, the embodiments described above may be wholly or partially in the form of a computer program product including one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions in accordance with embodiments of the present application are produced in whole or in part.
It should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatus and methods may be implemented in other ways, and that the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the elements is merely a logical function division, and that other divisions may be implemented in practice, for example, multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation method based on the multistage estimation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
expanding a frequency offset estimation scheme consisting of three parts, namely ephemeris frequency offset pre-compensation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation;
performing frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and the geographic position of the terminal equipment;
equivalently converting the residual frequency offset estimation into a discrete Fourier transform interpolation frequency estimation problem, and obtaining a residual frequency offset coarse estimation;
and obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation by using the shift interpolation equivalent frequency estimation of the two-time iterative discrete Fourier transform.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the expanding the doppler frequency offset estimation model into three parts based on ephemeris frequency offset pre-estimation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation comprises:
for the normalized Doppler frequency offset of more than one subcarrier interval, performing the rough frequency offset precompensation by using ephemeris data and the geographic position of terminal equipment;
and aiming at the residual Doppler frequency offset smaller than one subcarrier interval, converting the frequency offset estimation problem into the iterative discrete Fourier transform coefficient interpolation equivalent frequency coarse estimation and fine estimation problem.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-estimating the frequency offset is performed by using ephemeris data and a geographic position of a terminal device, and the method further comprises:
the frequency offset precompensation is obtained by adopting calculation of the relative speed of the low-orbit satellite and the terminal.
4. The method for high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation based on multistage estimation according to claim 1, wherein the step of equivalently converting the residual frequency offset estimation into the interpolation equivalent frequency estimation problem of the discrete fourier transform coefficient, obtaining the residual frequency offset coarse estimation comprises:
by defining the channel response as h (n) =ae jθ ，And simplifying the cross-correlation function of the receiving synchronous signal and the local reference synchronous signal to convert the Doppler frequency offset estimation problem into an equivalent frequency estimation problem.
And obtaining the residual frequency deviation rough estimation value by searching a frequency spectrum peak index of a transformation coefficient for the equivalent frequency estimation through discrete Fourier transformation.
5. The method for high-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation based on multistage estimation according to claim 1, wherein the iterative discrete Fourier transform interpolation equivalent frequency estimation obtains a residual frequency offset fine estimation. The method further comprises the steps of:
and estimating the residual frequency offset by using a nonlinear estimator, and selecting half sample index values of the discrete Fourier transform coefficient amplitude samples for interpolation operation, namely performing twice interpolation to obtain an iteration value of the first residual frequency offset fine estimation.
And iterating the second iteration by using the obtained first residual frequency offset fine estimation iteration value to obtain a finer residual frequency offset fine estimation value.
6. A high-precision Doppler frequency offset compensation device based on multistage estimation is characterized by comprising:
the obtaining unit: obtaining a system receiving signal, a channel response and a local reference signal according to a system model;
the processing unit is used for expanding a frequency offset estimation scheme, and acquiring frequency offset is divided into three parts, namely pre-estimation, residual frequency offset coarse estimation and residual frequency offset fine estimation;
and a processing unit: the method comprises the steps of calculating by using ephemeris information and a terminal geographic position to obtain a pre-estimated value of frequency offset;
and a processing unit: the method comprises the steps of performing equivalent transformation on residual frequency offset estimation into discrete Fourier transform interpolation equivalent frequency estimation, and obtaining residual frequency offset coarse estimation;
and a processing unit: the method is used for obtaining the residual frequency offset fine estimation by utilizing the iterative discrete Fourier transform interpolation equivalent frequency estimation.
7. An electronic device, comprising: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory for storing computer program code comprising computer instructions that, when read from the memory by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the high-precision doppler frequency offset compensation method of any one of claims 1-5.
8. A computer readable storage medium comprising computer instructions which, when run on a terminal, cause the terminal to perform the high accuracy doppler frequency offset compensation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
9. A computer program product, which when run on a computer causes the computer to perform the high accuracy doppler frequency offset compensation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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