CN115242367B - Data error correction method for industrial wireless channel impulse response - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of error correction of wireless channel data, in particular to a data error correction method for industrial wireless channel impulse response. The method comprises the following steps: sampling time deviation estimation is carried out according to the direct path signal, and then time deviation compensation correction is carried out on the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal; and carrying out carrier frequency deviation estimation according to the direct path signal in the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after the sampling time deviation compensation correction, and further carrying out carrier frequency deviation compensation correction on the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal. The invention carries out the optimized error estimation by utilizing the direct path signal in the channel impulse response signals, carries out error compensation on each channel impulse response by taking a norm distance between the channel impulse responses as a measurement index, realizes the error correction of channel data in industrial scenes, and provides precision guarantee for the subsequent use of the channel impulse response signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of error correction of wireless channel data, in particular to a data error correction method for industrial wireless channel impulse response.
Background
Wireless communication is considered a key technology for industrial network physical systems because it is low cost, easy to expand, and flexible because no cables are needed. However, industrial wireless communications face various challenges, including requirements for low latency, high reliability, and high security. In a typical industrial environment containing many metal objects, the mobile device and rotating parts, the channel state, are extremely unstable due to refraction, reflection and electromagnetic interference. Therefore, a wireless communication system designed for general office and home scenarios is not suitable for industrial scenarios. The design of industrial wireless communication systems requires a precise understanding of the nature of industrial wireless channels.
The channel impulse response is a representation of the change in the transmitted signal after it has traversed the channel. The channel impulse response may be used as channel state information to address a number of problems associated with industrial applications, such as wireless location and physical layer security. High accuracy channel impulse response data is helpful in the study of these industrial applications. To meet the needs of channel impulse response measurements, researchers have developed channel measurement systems, and several public channel impulse response data sets measured by different researchers are currently available on a web site. There are two types of systematic errors in the channel impulse response data set: carrier frequency offset and sampling time offset. Both types of errors are caused by clock drift and cart vibration, because even high performance channel measurement systems are not likely to be completely error free.
For conventional wireless digital receiver systems, a number of synchronization algorithms have been proposed to eliminate the time and frequency offsets introduced by the wireless channel and the receiver system. However, the effect of the wireless channel on signal propagation is meaningful information for the corresponding channel impulse response measurement. Thus, it is necessary to preserve the channel information while only eliminating errors introduced by the measurement system. For this reason, it is necessary to perform channel measurement system error calibration to improve the accuracy of channel impulse response data and the fidelity of subsequent simulations using the channel impulse response data set.
The existing method for calibrating the channel impulse response data system errors is less. One approach relies on conjugate multiplication of the channel impulse responses of a pair of antennas because all antennas on the same receiver have the same system effect. However, this method is only applicable to multi-antenna receiver systems. The linear transformation may be used in a single antenna receiver system. However, the channel impulse response phase characteristics extracted by such linear transformation are coarse and this method is not applicable to industrial environment channels due to interference caused by multipath reflection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a channel measurement error calibration method, which is an error calibration method for acquiring high-precision channel impulse response data of a wireless channel by utilizing a single antenna receiver system in an industrial environment. Firstly, carrying out error estimation on the acquired data, and further carrying out error compensation on the original data according to an error estimation result.
The invention carries out the optimized error estimation by utilizing the direct path signal in the channel impulse response signals, carries out error compensation on each channel impulse response by taking a norm distance between the channel impulse responses as a measurement index, realizes the error correction of channel data in industrial scenes, and provides precision guarantee for the subsequent use of the channel impulse response signals.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is as follows:
the data error correction method for the industrial wireless channel impulse response comprises the following steps:
acquiring an industrial wireless channel impulse response signal;
extracting a direct path signal in the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal;
sampling time deviation estimation is carried out according to the direct path signal, and then time deviation compensation correction is carried out on the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal;
and carrying out carrier frequency deviation estimation according to the direct path signal in the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after the sampling time deviation compensation and correction, and further carrying out carrier frequency deviation compensation and correction on the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after the sampling time deviation compensation and correction, so as to finish data error correction of the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal.
The industrial wireless channel impulse response signal is:
where h (t) is the true channel impulse response signal, c i 、θ i And τ i The amplitude, phase and delay of the i-th multipath component are represented, respectively, i=1, 2T represents the sampling time and delta is a dirac function.
The direct path signal is a linear channel impulse response signal component passing between the transmit antenna and the receive antenna.
The obtained industrial wireless channel impulse response signal has sampling time deviation and carrier frequency deviation, wherein,
the channel impulse response signal with carrier frequency deviation is:
the channel impulse response signal with carrier frequency offset and sampling time offset is:
wherein Δt is n Representing the sampling time offset of the nth channel impulse response.
The sampling time deviation estimation is carried out according to the direct path signalThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein I 1 Representing the L1 norm, t is the sampling time.
Error compensation is realized through translation of sampling time, and specifically:
wherein,,representing the sampling timeIndustrial wireless channel impulse response signal after error compensation of the deviation.
The direct path signal in the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after the correction is compensated according to the sampling time deviation carries out carrier frequency deviation estimation, including estimation of phase deviation or estimation of carrier frequency deviation:
estimation of the phase offsetThe method comprises the following steps:
s.t.Δθ n ≤2πΔf long nT interval
Δθ n ≤2πΔf upper nT interval
wherein sigma 2 (Δθ n ) Represents delta theta n Variance of Deltaf Allan Representing the variance of the carrier frequency offset, Δf long Representing the long-term stability margin, Δf, of carrier frequency offset upper Representing the upper limit of the carrier frequency offset, T interval A time interval representing a channel impulse response measurement;
estimation of the carrier frequency offsetThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein,,representing an estimated channel sounding systemInitial phase shift->Representing the estimated phase offset.
An upper limit Δf of the carrier frequency offset upper The method comprises the following steps:
wherein f represents the carrier frequency, T s For sampling time interval, T acquire For the duration of acquisition of a channel impulse response;
long term stability limit Δf of the carrier frequency offset long The method comprises the following steps:
Δf long ＝±f*0.005ppm
variance Δf of the carrier frequency offset Allan The method comprises the following steps:
Δf Allan ＝±f*2×10 -11 。
the estimated phase offsetThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein, delta theta noise Represents ambient noise and Δf represents carrier frequency offset.
The compensation correction of carrier frequency deviation is realized by a phase method or a frequency method:
the phase method comprises the following steps:
the frequency method comprises the following steps:
the invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the invention can correct sampling time deviation and carrier frequency deviation for the channel impulse response data set, and improves the precision of the channel impulse response data by using an algorithm correction method, thereby providing more accurate data guarantee for subsequent application.
2. The applicable scene of the invention covers an indoor office scene, an indoor business environment and an industrial scene at the same time. The method can be used for equipment fixing scenes and equipment moving scenes.
3. The invention has low calculation complexity and can meet the requirement of real-time operation.
4. The invention is applicable to almost all channel impulse response data sets with similar error phenomena.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the generation and correction of channel impulse response errors;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of channel impulse response carrier frequency offset;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the sampling time offset of the channel impulse response;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the power delay profile and phase characteristics of the channel impulse response;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the channel impulse response after correction of the sampling time deviation;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a channel impulse response after carrier frequency offset correction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a channel measurement data error calibration method, which is an error calibration method for acquiring wireless channel high-precision channel impulse response data by utilizing a single antenna receiver system in an industrial environment. The main idea is that: and carrying out error estimation on the acquired data, and further carrying out error compensation on the original data according to an error estimation result. Thus, in general, the method comprises two stages: channel impulse response data error estimation and error compensation.
1. Channel impulse response data error modeling
The channel impulse response signal is acquired by a channel measurement system, which is a correlation-based pseudo-random sequence system. The system comprises a controller, a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are not physically connected, and synchronization is realized through two synchronous clocks. The channel measurement system collects complex characteristics of the channel impulse response in the time domain, and not only retains the time domain characteristics, but also retains the amplitude and phase characteristics of the channel. As shown in fig. 1, the channel measurement controller performs correlation processing after receiving and transmitting signal samples, thereby obtaining channel impulse response data. h "(t) =x (t) -1 y (t) is a correlation processing formula. x (t) represents samples of the PN sequence (s (t)) transmitted by the Tx. y (t) represents the sequence samples received by Rx. h "(t) is the measured channel impulse response, i.e. the measured channel state information, and h (t) is the true channel impulse response, i.e. the true channel state information, of the wireless channel. The channel impulse response may characterize the multipath fading of the channel in terms of amplitude and phase:
where h (t) is the true channel impulse response, c i 、θ i And τ i Representing the amplitude, phase and delay of the ith multipath component, respectively. i=1, 2,..p, where p is the total number of multipath components. t represents the sampling time and delta is a dirac function.
The present invention uses the L1 norm distance metric to account for the difference between the channel impulse responses s. This is because this metric can highlight strong multipath signal characteristics of the channel impulse response. In an industrial environment, strong multipath signals are the most important and stable components affecting the channel impulse response. The difference between two cycles measured on the same channel (by transmitting and receiving on the same X and Y coordinates) can be evaluated with an L1 norm distance as follows:
D n ＝||h n (t)-h 1 (t)|| 1
wherein I II 1 Representing the L1 norm, t is the sampling time, n is the sequence number distinguishing different channel impulse response measurements over time, D n Represents the 1-norm distance, h, between the channel impulse responses of the first and nth acquisitions n (t) represents the channel impulse response, h, which is the nth acquisition 1 (t) represents the channel impulse response of the first acquisition.
1.1 Carrier frequency offset
During the measurement, the carrier frequency offset is first introduced by demodulation, as shown in fig. 2. The carrier frequency offset is analyzed on the basis of the phase shift. The relationship between frequency offset and phase shift is as follows:
Δθ n ＝2πΔfnT interval +Δθ noise
wherein Δθ n For the phase shift of the nth channel impulse response, Δf is the carrier frequency shift of the measurement system, T interval Is the time interval of the channel impulse response measurement, Δθ noise Is the phase offset caused by device and ambient noise. Δθ n Will be over time (nT) interval ) And (5) accumulation.
The channel impulse response with carrier frequency offset is expressed as
1.2 sampling time offset
After the process shown in fig. 1, a time deviation phenomenon is caused during sampling after demodulation, as shown in fig. 3. The measured channel impulse response with sample time offset and carrier frequency offset is expressed as follows:
wherein Δt is n Is the sampling time offset of the nth channel impulse response.
1.3 Carrier frequency offset constraint
Based on the measurement system performance calculations, three constraints on carrier frequency offset are as follows:
offset upper bound: during the measurement, the received signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), as shown in fig. 1. The channel impulse response sampling interval determined by the analog-to-digital converter is the maximum error time of the carrier frequency offset. Thus, the carrier frequency offset (Δf) introduced by the analog-to-digital converter upper ) The upper limit of (2) may be calculated as follows:
where f is the carrier frequency and t is the acquisition time of the channel.
Long term stability shift: the long-term stability of rubidium clocks over 20 years is 0.005 parts per million. Thus, a long-term stability margin (Δf) of the carrier frequency offset can be obtained long ) The following is shown:
Δf long ＝±f*0.005ppm
vlan variance: in a channel measurement system, the Allan variance of the rubidium clock is 2X 10 per second -11 . Based on the Allan variance, a carrier frequency offset (Δf can be calculated Allan ) The variance of (2) is as follows:
Δf Allan ＝±f*2×10 -11
2. error correction algorithm for channel impulse response system
The main idea of the channel impulse response system error correction algorithm is to estimate the error of carrier frequency deviation and sampling time deviation, then compensate the error, and finally obtain the channel impulse response data with higher precision, the channel impulse response system error correction algorithm comprises the following steps:
step one: extracting channel impulse response direct path signals
The signal component passing through the straight line between transmission and reception is a direct path signal that is more stable than signals along other reflected paths. By estimating the systematic error on the direct path, interference from multipath reflections can be avoided even in an industrial environment. The Power Delay Profile (PDP) of the channel impulse response shows different path energies over time. Because the direct path passes the smallest distance among all the receive paths, the earliest rising component of the power delay profile is considered to correspond to the direct path. It can also be seen from fig. 4 that the power delay profile and the phase characteristics of the channel impulse response are more stable than at any other time for the direct path.
Step two: estimating sampling time offset
The sampling time bias should be first removed according to the principle that the errors introduced later are removed first, as shown in fig. 1. In view of the effect of random noise, it is practically impossible for D to be 0, but the sampling time offset is estimated by an optimization algorithm. The sampling time deviation satisfies the following formula:
Δt n is a multiple of the channel impulse response sampling interval (Ts) which is the cause of the upper carrier frequency offset limit. In addition, in the error estimation process, the channel impulse response difference caused by the carrier frequency offset is the distance of the direct path before and after the phase shift. The channel impulse response difference caused by the sampling time offset introduces the distance of the direct path and the next reflected path. Therefore, the channel impulse response error caused by the sampling time deviation is much larger than the error caused by the carrier frequency offset. And the presence of the carrier frequency offset does not affect the estimation of the sampling time offset. So h' 1 (t) may use h 1 (t) substitution. The optimal estimation formula for the sampling time deviation is as follows:
let theRepresenting an estimated sampling time offset, which is calculated by the above methodThe one-dimensional search is shown. Once Δt is determined n The number of search steps is equal to deltat defined by the step size n Range. Thus, Δt n The time complexity of the optimal estimation of (2) is O (1). When the size of the channel impulse response data set is N, the time complexity of the calibration data set sampling time offset is O (N).
Step three: sampling time offset compensation
The sampling time deviation is a shift phenomenon of two channel impulse responses on a time axis, so that error compensation can be realized through shift of sampling time, and the time shift is realized through the following formula:
sampling time deviation to be estimatedBy taking the above formula, the channel impulse response after correcting the time deviation is obtained, i.e. +.>As shown in fig. 5.
Step four: carrier frequency offset estimation
After compensating for the sampling time offset, the carrier frequency offset needs to be eliminated, as shown in fig. 1. The phase shift can be estimated by analyzing the channel impulse response s under the assumption that the channel characteristics of the same channel are unchanged for a short period of time. The carrier frequency offset is then extracted by fitting the phase shift of the channel impulse response s on the same channel.
Phase offset: the phase offset estimation formula provided by the invention is as follows:
s.t.Δθ n ≤2πΔf long nT interval
Δθ n ≤2πΔf upper nT interval
the constraints of the above formula are introduced by the upper error bound, long-term stability frequency offset, and Allan variance introduced by the system measurement characteristics. Wherein sigma 2 (Δθ n ) Represents delta theta n Variance of (1), letRepresents an estimated phase offset including a carrier frequency offset (Δf) and ambient noise (Δθ) noise ) The formula is as follows:
similar to the sampling time offset estimation, Δθ n The time complexity of the optimal estimation of (2) is also O (1). When the size of the channel impulse response data set is N, the time complexity of the carrier frequency offset of the calibration data set is O (N).
Carrier frequency offset
The relationship between carrier frequency offset and phase shift is linear as shown in fig. 2. Thus, a linear fit is selected to extract the carrier frequency offset as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs the slope of the linear fit, which is physically significant in terms of the estimated carrier frequency offset. />Is the intercept of a linear fit, +.>Is the estimated initial phase shift of the channel sounding system.
Step five: carrier frequency offset compensation
The invention provides two phase rotators for carrier frequency recovery. One is a phase method and the other is a frequency method.
Phase method: the phase method compensates various phase shifts caused by carrier frequency offset and phase instability by phase rotation. The phase rotator expression of the phase method is:
frequency method: the frequency method compensates for carrier frequency offset by phase-rotating only the phase shift caused by the carrier frequency offset. The phase rotator expression for the frequency method is as follows:
the carrier frequency offset of the channel measurement system is stable for a period of time that is much longer than the duration of the channel impulse response measurement. The frequency method can be used for mobile scenarios as long as the carrier frequency offset is estimated before the movement. Finally, the calibrated channel impulse response is obtained by a phase rotator, i.eAs shown in fig. 6.
Claims (10)
1. The data error correction method for the industrial wireless channel impulse response is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring an industrial wireless channel impulse response signal;
extracting a direct path signal in the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal;
sampling time deviation estimation is carried out according to the direct path signal, and then time deviation compensation correction is carried out on the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal;
and carrying out carrier frequency deviation estimation according to the direct path signal in the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after the sampling time deviation compensation and correction, and further carrying out carrier frequency deviation compensation and correction on the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after the sampling time deviation compensation and correction, so as to finish data error correction of the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal.
2. The method for data error correction for industrial wireless channel impulse response of claim 1, wherein the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal is:
where h (t) is the true channel impulse response signal, c i 、θ i And τ i The amplitude, phase and delay of the i-th multipath component are represented, respectively, i=1, 2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the direct path signal is a linear channel impulse response signal component passing between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna.
4. The method for data error correction for an industrial wireless channel impulse response of claim 1, wherein the acquired industrial wireless channel impulse response signal has a sampling time offset and a carrier frequency offset, wherein,
the channel impulse response signal with carrier frequency deviation is:
the channel impulse response signal with carrier frequency offset and sampling time offset is:
wherein Δt is n A sampling time offset, c, representing the nth channel impulse response i 、θ i And τ i Respectively representing the amplitude, phase and delay of the ith multipath component, i=1, 2,..p, p is the total number of multipath components, t represents the sampling time, δ is the dirac function, Δθ n Is the phase offset of the nth channel impulse response.
5. The method for data error correction for industrial wireless channel impulse response of claim 1, wherein said estimating sampling time offset from direct path signalThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein I 1 Represents L1 norm, t is sampling time, h n (t+Δt n ) Representing the channel impulse response after compensating for time offset, Δt n A sampling time deviation indicating the nth channel impulse response, h 1 (t) represents the channel impulse response of the first acquisition.
6. The method for correcting data errors of impulse response of industrial wireless channel according to claim 1, wherein the error compensation is realized by shifting sampling time, specifically:
wherein,,indicating the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal after sampling time deviation error compensation, h n (t+Δt n ) Representing the channel impulse response after compensating for time offset, Δt n Representing the sampling time offset of the nth channel impulse response.
7. The method for correcting data error according to claim 1, wherein the compensating the corrected direct path signal in the impulse response signal of the industrial wireless channel according to the sampling time deviation performs carrier frequency deviation estimation, including estimation of phase offset or estimation of carrier frequency deviation:
estimation of the phase offsetThe method comprises the following steps:
s.t.Δθ n ≤2πΔf long nT interval
Δθ n ≤2πΔf upper nT interval
wherein sigma 2 (Δθ n ) Represents delta theta n Variance of Deltaf Allan Representing the variance of the carrier frequency offset, Δf long Representing the long-term stability margin, Δf, of carrier frequency offset upper Representing the upper limit of the carrier frequency offset, T interval Representing the time interval of the channel impulse response measurement,indicating the industrial wireless channel impulse response signal delta theta after sampling time deviation error compensation n Phase shift, h, of the nth channel impulse response 1 (t) represents the first acquired channel impulse response, I.I 1 Represents an L1 norm;
estimation of the carrier frequency offsetThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein,,representing an initial phase shift of the estimated channel sounding system,/->Representing the estimated phase offset.
8. The method for data error correction for industrial wireless channel impulse response of claim 7, wherein said upper limit Δf of carrier frequency offset upper The method comprises the following steps:
wherein f represents the carrier frequency, T s For sampling time interval, T acquire For the duration of acquisition of a channel impulse response;
long term stability limit Δf of the carrier frequency offset long The method comprises the following steps:
Δf lobg ＝±f*0.005ppm
variance Δf of the carrier frequency offset Allan The method comprises the following steps:
Δf Allan ＝±f*2×10 -11 。
9. the method for data error correction for industrial wireless channel impulse response of claim 7, wherein the estimated phase offsetThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein, delta theta noise Represents ambient noise and Δf represents carrier frequency offset.
10. The method for correcting data errors of impulse response of industrial wireless channel according to claim 1, wherein the compensation correction of carrier frequency deviation is realized by a phase method or a frequency method:
the phase method comprises the following steps:
the frequency method comprises the following steps:
wherein,,is a phase rotator>To correct the channel impulse response after time deviation, delta theta n For the phase shift of the n-th channel impulse response, <>For estimating carrier frequency deviation, T interval Time interval representing channel impulse response measurement, +.>Representing an initial phase shift of the estimated channel sounding system.
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