CN117767570A - Lightning protection screen and intelligent monitoring system and method thereof - Google Patents
Lightning protection screen and intelligent monitoring system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection equipment, in particular to a lightning protection screen and an intelligent monitoring system and method thereof, wherein the lightning protection screen comprises the following modules: and the acquisition terminal module is used for: the system is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and acquires the state information of the surge protector and the lightning environment information of each loop in the lightning protection screen in real time; and a data analysis module: analyzing the data collected by the acquisition terminal module; fault diagnosis and early warning module: diagnosing faults or performance degradation of the surge protector based on the results of the data analysis module; electromagnetic compatibility adjustment module: dynamically adjusting shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector by monitoring the intensity and characteristics of the peripheral electromagnetic field; human-computer interaction interface: displaying monitoring data of the surge protector and the lightning environment; and a remote communication module. The invention reduces the workload of operation and maintenance of the lightning protection equipment and is also beneficial to timely finding out fault information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection equipment, in particular to a lightning protection screen and an intelligent monitoring system and method thereof.
Background
In modern industrial automation systems, the widespread use of electrical and electronic equipment makes lightning protection of these equipment particularly important. Lightning strikes and electromagnetic pulses can cause serious damage to low voltage system equipment, leading to equipment failure or performance degradation. The surge protector serves as the main lightning protection device and plays a key role in the system. However, conventional surge protectors have limitations in some respects:
static protection mechanism: conventional surge protectors generally employ a static protection mechanism, and cannot adapt to complex and variable electromagnetic environments, especially in industrial environments with high electromagnetic interference.
The interference source identification is insufficient: conventional systems often have difficulty distinguishing between electromagnetic interference generated inside the surge protector and external sources of electromagnetic interference, which can lead to unnecessary false positives or false negatives, affecting the reliability and efficiency of the system.
Lack of dynamic response capability: in the face of continuously changing interference conditions, the traditional surge protector cannot dynamically adjust the shielding and filtering parameters, so that the protection efficiency of the surge protector in a complex electromagnetic environment is reduced.
In conventional arrangements, the surge protectors are typically mounted scattered within the different cabinets and equipment. Such decentralized installation makes monitoring and maintenance more complex and labor intensive, especially in large facilities such as power converting and distribution facilities, where operators on duty need to check each of the screen cabinets and equipment one by one to determine the status of the surge protector, which is not only time and labor consuming, but also difficult to discover and handle faults in time.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an intelligent lightning environment monitoring system that can monitor the electromagnetic environment in real time, accurately identify the electromagnetic interference source, and dynamically adjust the shielding and filtering settings of the surge protector to minimize the interference effects. In addition, the system should also be able to provide fault diagnosis and early warning, and to achieve more efficient operation and maintenance management, thereby improving the reliability and performance of the overall system.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above purpose, the invention provides a lightning protection screen and an intelligent monitoring system and method thereof.
The utility model provides a lightning protection screen, includes a plurality of surge protector, intelligent monitoring terminal and touch all-in-one, and a plurality of surge protector all set up in the lightning protection screen, intelligent monitoring terminal includes intelligent monitoring system, intelligent monitoring system is used for monitoring a plurality of surge protector in the lightning protection screen.
An intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen comprises the following modules:
and the acquisition terminal module is used for: the lightning protection system is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and acquires the state information of a surge protector and the lightning environment information of each loop in a lightning protection screen in real time, wherein the state information comprises power supply voltage, working current, temperature and humidity data and the occurrence times and time of lightning strokes;
and a data analysis module: analyzing the data collected by the acquisition terminal module to identify the degradation condition and the full life cycle state of the lightning protection device;
fault diagnosis and early warning module: based on the result of the data analysis module, diagnosing the fault or performance degradation of the surge protector and generating early warning information;
electromagnetic compatibility adjustment module: the shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector are dynamically adjusted by monitoring the intensity and the characteristics of the peripheral electromagnetic field, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the surge protector is reduced, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic interference generated by the surge protector is prevented from affecting other equipment;
human-computer interaction interface: the monitoring data, fault diagnosis and early warning information and the adjustment condition of the electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module of the surge protector and the lightning environment are displayed, so that an operator on duty can know the state of the whole system and effectively manage the system;
and a remote communication module: and sending all monitoring data, analysis results, early warning information and electromagnetic compatibility adjustment conditions to a remote monitoring center.
Further, the acquisition terminal module specifically includes:
collecting state information of the surge protector: each surge protector is provided with a multi-mode sensor, and the power supply voltage, the working current and the equipment temperature are monitored and recorded in real time;
and (3) collecting lightning environment information: the lightning detection sensor is deployed at a key position of a power transformation and distribution substation to monitor and record the number of times and the occurrence time of lightning activities;
and (3) temperature and humidity information acquisition: a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment are monitored in real time;
and (3) data transmission: the acquisition terminal module transmits all the collected data to the data analysis module through a wired or wireless network.
Further, the data analysis module specifically includes:
degradation recognition algorithm based on machine learning: the degradation recognition algorithm learns and recognizes a degradation mode of the surge protector according to working voltage, current and temperature data of the surge protector, recognizes a degradation sign through historical data training, and provides support for early fault early warning;
time series analysis: and for the lightning environment data, a time sequence analysis method is adopted to evaluate the influence of the frequency and the intensity of the lightning activity on the surge protector, and the potential influence of the lightning activity on the performance of the surge protector is predicted by analyzing the time sequence mode of the lightning environment data.
Further, the degradation recognition algorithm specifically includes:
collecting historical data of the surge protector, including working voltage, current, temperature and degradation states thereof, including normal degradation, slight degradation and serious degradation, and marking the collected data according to historical maintenance records and replacement conditions of the surge protector;
extracting features from the raw data that help predict degradation states, including voltage fluctuations, abnormal increases in current, temperatures above the normal range;
selecting a linear regression model to predict the degradation state of the surge protector, splitting a preset data set into a training set and a testing set, training the linear regression model by using the training set data to learn the relation between the characteristics and the degradation state, further using the testing set data to evaluate the accuracy of the linear regression model by combining a mean square error method, deploying the trained linear regression model into an intelligent lightning environment monitoring system, analyzing the data of the surge protector in real time, predicting the degradation state of the surge protector, improving the linear regression model, and the improved linear regression model is as follows:
let y represent the degradation state of the surge protector, let the characteristics be as follows: x is x 1 Power supply voltage x 2 Operating current, x 3 Temperature, x 4 Number of lightning strokes, x 5 Lightning strike intensity;
the linear regression model can be expressed as y=β 0 +β 1 x 1 +β 2 x 2 +β 3 x 3 +β 4 x 4 +β 5 x 5 +β 12 x 1 x 2 +β 13 x 1 x 3 +β 24 x 2 x 4 +β 35 x 3 x 5 E+ E; wherein beta is 0 ，β 1 ，β 2 ，β 3 ，β 4 ，β 5 ，β 12 ，β 13 ，β 24 ，β 35 Is a model parameter, e is an error term, and an interaction term (e.g., x 1 x 2 ) To take into account interactions between different features.
Further, the fault diagnosis and early warning module specifically includes:
receiving output from a data analysis module, including voltage, current, temperature, lightning stroke number and intensity data of the surge protector and degradation state predicted values calculated by a linear regression model;
the deterioration state of the surge protector is evaluated using a preset threshold, and the predicted deterioration state exceeds the preset threshold.
Generating early warning information: determining early warning levels according to the diagnosis results, and setting early warning of different levels, including low-level early warning, medium-level early warning and high-level early warning;
the early warning information should include critical diagnostic information including degradation status, specific problem indicators, early warning levels, and suggested response measures, and be sent to the operation and maintenance personnel.
Further, the electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module specifically includes:
bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit: the unit is provided with a bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification module, can distinguish electromagnetic interference generated by a surge protector or an external electromagnetic interference source, and is realized by analyzing the propagation path and characteristics of electromagnetic waves in real time, including frequency characteristics, waveform modes and intensity changes;
interference source positioning technology: positioning the source of electromagnetic interference by utilizing an array sensor network and combining a signal processing technology;
adaptive mask adjustment mechanism: according to the interference source positioning result, automatically adjusting the shielding characteristic of the surge protector, and if the interference is detected to be mainly from the outside, enhancing the external shielding; a plurality of interference sources are arranged inside the surge protector, and shielding of an internal circuit is adjusted;
dynamic filtering adjustment strategy: the filtering parameters are dynamically adjusted by combining the property and the position of the interference source, including adjusting the Q factor and the cut-off frequency of the filter, so that the surge protector can filter out the electromagnetic interference of a specific type and keep the transparent transmission of normal signals.
Further, the bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit includes:
monitoring the frequency distribution of electromagnetic waves in real time by using a spectrum analyzer, monitoring specific frequency characteristics of electromagnetic waves with different sources, including specific peak values or frequency ranges, analyzing the waveform modes of the electromagnetic waves by adopting Fourier transform, and identifying different waveform characteristics generated by different interference sources, including periodicity and amplitude variation;
disposing a plurality of electromagnetic wave sensors in a surge protector and surrounding environment to form a sensor network, recording arrival time of signals when the electromagnetic wave sensors detect the electromagnetic waves, deducing sources of the signals based on arrival time differences of the electromagnetic waves on the electromagnetic wave sensors at different positions, comparing arrival time of the signals received by the different electromagnetic wave sensors, calculating time differences among the signals, processing the time differences by using a multilateral measurement method, determining the direction of the sources of the electromagnetic waves, calculating the direction of the interference sources based on the signal propagation speed and the time differences, performing beam forming by using the sensor network, enhancing signals from specific directions by adjusting the phase and the amplitude of the signals of the network sensors, and positioning the interference sources;
combining the results of spectrum analysis and waveform analysis with propagation path tracking data, comprehensively analyzing the characteristics and sources of electromagnetic interference by using a data fusion technology, explaining the analysis results by using a rule-based intelligent algorithm, determining that the interference is an internal fault of a surge protector, an external electromagnetic interference source or mutual interference among systems, setting identification rules according to typical characteristics of the electromagnetic interference, including frequency ranges, waveform characteristics and intensity, extracting key characteristics, including frequency, amplitude and waveform of signals, from data collected by a sensor, matching the extracted characteristics with preset rules, and classifying the interference source as the internal fault, the external interference or other types based on the result of rule matching.
Further, the dynamic filtering adjustment strategy includes:
the method comprises the steps of identifying collected data including the frequency, the intensity and the propagation path of an interference source by using a bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit, analyzing and determining specific characteristics of the interference source, including a high-frequency interference source or a low-frequency interference source, and evaluating the influence degree of the interference source on a surge protector according to the determined position of the interference source, wherein the influence is more remarkable when the interference source is closer to the surge protector;
based on the frequency characteristic and the position information of the interference source, a filter parameter adjustment strategy is formulated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
for high-frequency interference, the cut-off frequency of a filter is increased, and the Q factor is adjusted to filter high-frequency noise;
for low frequency interference, the cut-off frequency of the filter is reduced and the Q factor is properly adjusted to enhance the suppression capability of the low frequency interference.
An intelligent monitoring method of a lightning protection screen comprises the following steps:
s1: real-time monitoring is implemented in a power transformation and distribution substation, and key operation data of each surge protector in a lightning protection screen are collected, wherein the key operation data comprise power supply voltage, working current, temperature and humidity data, the occurrence times of lightning strokes and specific time;
s2: performing in-depth analysis on the collected data to evaluate the current operating condition, degradation level and overall performance of the surge protector, the analysis including identifying any abnormal patterns and trends, predicting future performance of the surge protector;
s3: performing fault diagnosis by using the data analysis result, and determining whether the surge protector has faults or performance degradation, including evaluating the response of the surge protector to lightning strokes and other electrical anomalies;
s4: the intensity and the characteristics of an electromagnetic field in the lightning protection screen are monitored, and the shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector are dynamically adjusted according to the detected electromagnetic environment change, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the surge protector is reduced;
s5: and displaying monitoring data, fault diagnosis results, early warning information and electromagnetic compatibility adjustment conditions of the surge protector and the lightning environment on a man-machine interaction interface.
S6: and sending all the monitoring data, analysis results, early warning information and adjustment measures to a remote monitoring center to realize data sharing and remote management.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification system, the system can accurately distinguish electromagnetic interference from the inside and the outside of the surge protector, so that the identification accuracy of an interference source is improved, and by combining the property and the position information of the interference source, the system can dynamically adjust parameters of a filter, such as a Q factor and a cut-off frequency, so as to effectively cope with different types of electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the adaptability of the surge protector in a complex electromagnetic environment.
The intelligent lightning environment monitoring system can diagnose faults or performance degradation of the surge protector in time and generate early warning information, which is helpful for operation and maintenance personnel to take measures rapidly, potential equipment damage is prevented, the frequency of unexpected shutdown and maintenance cost are reduced by preventive fault diagnosis and timely maintenance, the operation efficiency and reliability of the whole electrical system are increased, and the efficient electromagnetic interference processing and fault prevention mechanism protects key electrical equipment from damage and maintains the continuity and safety of key business.
According to the invention, the surge protectors which are required to carry out lightning protection loops in the whole power transformation and distribution substation are uniformly and intensively installed in one lightning protection screen cabinet, each lightning protection screen can simultaneously protect a plurality of loops, one power transformation and distribution substation only needs to be provided with one lightning protection screen, an operator on duty does not need to open each screen cabinet each time to check the state of the corresponding surge protector, only needs to check the state of the surge protector in the lightning protection screen regularly, the workload of operation and maintenance of lightning protection equipment is greatly reduced, and barrier information is beneficial to timely discovery.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a functional module of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
The utility model provides a lightning protection screen, includes a plurality of surge protector, intelligent monitoring terminal and touch all-in-one, and a plurality of surge protector all set up in the lightning protection screen, and intelligent monitoring terminal includes intelligent monitoring system, and intelligent monitoring system is used for monitoring a plurality of surge protector in the lightning protection screen.
As shown in fig. 1, an intelligent monitoring system for a lightning protection screen includes the following modules:
and the acquisition terminal module is used for: the lightning protection system is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and acquires the state information of a surge protector and the lightning environment information of each loop in a lightning protection screen in real time, wherein the state information comprises power supply voltage, working current, temperature and humidity data and the occurrence times and time of lightning strokes;
and a data analysis module: analyzing the data collected by the acquisition terminal module to identify the degradation condition and the full life cycle state of the lightning protection device;
fault diagnosis and early warning module: based on the result of the data analysis module, diagnosing the fault or performance degradation of the surge protector and generating early warning information;
electromagnetic compatibility adjustment module: the surge protector aims at the electromagnetic interference problem of the surge protector in a complex electromagnetic environment. The shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector are dynamically adjusted by monitoring the intensity and the characteristics of the peripheral electromagnetic field, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the surge protector is reduced, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic interference generated by the surge protector is prevented from affecting other equipment;
human-computer interaction interface: the monitoring data, fault diagnosis and early warning information and the adjustment condition of the electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module of the surge protector and the lightning environment are displayed, so that an operator on duty can know the state of the whole system and effectively manage the system;
and a remote communication module: and sending all monitoring data, analysis results, early warning information and electromagnetic compatibility adjustment conditions to a remote monitoring center.
By introducing the electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module, the intelligent lightning environment monitoring system not only can monitor and analyze data in real time, but also can keep the high-efficiency and stable operation of the surge protector in a complex electromagnetic environment, and solves the problems of adaptability and compatibility of the surge protector in an electromagnetic interference environment in the prior art. This design improves the overall performance and reliability of the system.
The acquisition terminal module specifically comprises:
collecting state information of the surge protector: each surge protector is provided with a multi-mode sensor, and the power supply voltage, the working current and the equipment temperature are monitored and recorded in real time;
and (3) collecting lightning environment information: the lightning detection sensor is deployed at a key position of a power transformation and distribution substation to monitor and record the number of times and the occurrence time of lightning activities;
and (3) temperature and humidity information acquisition: a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment are monitored in real time;
and (3) data transmission: the acquisition terminal module transmits all the collected data to the data analysis module through a wired or wireless network.
The specific functions and operation modes of the acquisition terminal module in the intelligent lightning environment monitoring system comprise types and actions of various sensors and data transmission modes, so that the system can comprehensively and accurately collect required monitoring data. This information is critical to achieving the main objectives of the system-monitoring and analyzing the operating state of the surge protector in real time-and the lightning environment.
The data analysis module specifically comprises:
degradation recognition algorithm based on machine learning: the degradation recognition algorithm learns and recognizes a degradation mode of the surge protector according to working voltage, current and temperature data of the surge protector, recognizes a degradation sign through historical data training, and provides support for early fault early warning;
time series analysis: for lightning environment data, a time sequence analysis method is adopted to evaluate the influence of the frequency and the intensity of the lightning activity on the surge protector, and the potential influence of the lightning activity on the performance of the surge protector is predicted by analyzing the time sequence mode of the lightning environment data;
the data analysis module utilizes techniques including machine learning, time series analysis to comprehensively analyze the collected data and identify degradation conditions and full life cycle conditions of the surge protector. The comprehensive and innovative data processing method can greatly improve the analysis capability and accuracy of the intelligent lightning environment monitoring system.
The degradation recognition algorithm specifically includes:
collecting historical data of the surge protector, including operating voltage, current, temperature and degradation states thereof, including normal degradation, slight degradation and serious degradation, marking the collected data according to historical maintenance records and replacement conditions of the surge protector, for example, assigning a label to each data point to indicate the degradation state of the corresponding time point;
extracting features from the raw data that help predict degradation states, including voltage fluctuations, abnormal increases in current, temperatures above the normal range;
selecting a linear regression model to predict the degradation state of the surge protector, splitting a preset data set into a training set and a testing set, training the linear regression model by using the training set data to learn the relation between the characteristics and the degradation state, further using the testing set data to evaluate the accuracy of the linear regression model by combining a mean square error method, deploying the trained linear regression model into an intelligent lightning environment monitoring system, analyzing the data of the surge protector in real time, predicting the degradation state of the surge protector, improving the linear regression model, and the improved linear regression model is as follows:
let y represent the degradation state of the surge protector, let the characteristics be as follows: x is x 1 Power supply voltage x 2 Operating current, x 3 Temperature, x 4 Number of lightning strokes, x 5 Lightning strike intensity;
the linear regression model can be expressed as y=β 0 +β 1 x 1 +β 2 x 2 +β 3 x 3 +β 4 x 4 +β 5 x 5 +
β 12 x 1 x 2 +β 13 x 1 x 3 +β 24 x 2 x 4 +β 35 x 3 x 5 E+ E; wherein,
β 0 ，β 1 ，β 2 ，β 3 ，β 4 ，β 5 ，β 12 ，β 13 ，β 24 ，β 35 is a model parameter, e is an error term, and an interaction term (e.g., x 1 x 2 ) To take into account the interplay between the different features, including the interaction of supply voltage and operating current, has a significant impact on the degradation state of the surge protector, and other interactions reflect the complex relationships between the different features as well.
Interaction item: these items help the model capture interactions between different features, for example, interactions of voltage and current may have different effects on the degradation of the surge protector, not just what a single feature can describe.
The error term represents the variance that the model cannot account for, i.e., random error.
Model parameters: each coefficient represents the relative importance of its respective feature to predict the degradation state.
The fault diagnosis and early warning module specifically comprises:
receiving output from a data analysis module, including voltage, current, temperature, lightning stroke number and intensity data of the surge protector and degradation state predicted values calculated by a linear regression model;
the deterioration state of the surge protector is evaluated using a preset threshold, the predicted deterioration state exceeding the preset threshold, a probability exceeding 75% being set indicating deterioration, which is regarded as an indicator of performance degradation.
Generating early warning information: according to the diagnosis result, determining early warning levels, and setting early warning of different levels, including low-level early warning (corresponding to slight degradation), medium-level early warning (corresponding to obvious degradation or preliminary fault signs), and high-level early warning (corresponding to serious degradation or obvious fault);
the early warning information comprises key diagnosis information, including degradation state, specific problem indexes, early warning level and suggested response measures, and is sent to operation and maintenance personnel;
example pre-warning information is as follows:
assuming that the temperature of a certain surge protector is continuously higher than the normal range and the degradation state prediction value shows high degradation (e.g., 80%), the generated early warning information may be:
the device comprises: surge protector #12345
Problems: abnormally high temperature for a period of time exceeding 2 hours
Degradation state: highly deteriorated (predicted deterioration probability 80%)
Early warning level: high height
Suggested measures: the equipment temperature and circuit status are immediately checked, taking into account shutdown service or replacement of the protector.
Time: [ concrete timestamp ].
The electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module specifically comprises:
bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit: the unit is provided with a bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification module, can distinguish electromagnetic interference generated by a surge protector or an external electromagnetic interference source, and is realized by analyzing the propagation path and characteristics of electromagnetic waves in real time, including frequency characteristics, waveform modes and intensity changes;
interference source positioning technology: positioning the source of electromagnetic interference using an array sensor network in combination with signal processing techniques allows the system to distinguish whether the interference is caused by a fault inside the surge protector or by external environmental factors;
adaptive mask adjustment mechanism: according to the interference source positioning result, automatically adjusting the shielding characteristic of the surge protector, and if the interference is detected to be mainly from the outside, enhancing the external shielding; a plurality of interference sources are arranged inside the surge protector, and shielding of an internal circuit is adjusted;
dynamic filtering adjustment strategy: combining the property and the position of an interference source, dynamically adjusting filtering parameters, including adjusting the Q factor and the cut-off frequency of a filter, ensuring that the surge protector can filter out electromagnetic interference of a specific type and simultaneously keeping the transparent transmission of normal signals;
real-time feedback and continuous optimization: the module continuously monitors the performance of the surge protector and its response to the adjusted shielding and filtering parameters. Through the real-time feedback, the system can continuously optimize shielding and filtering strategies and adapt to the continuously-changing electromagnetic environment.
Through the bidirectional electromagnetic interference recognition and self-adaptive adjustment mechanism, the electromagnetic compatibility adjustment module can recognize and respond various electromagnetic interferences more accurately, so that the performance and reliability of the surge protector in a complex electromagnetic environment are improved, and the overall efficiency of the intelligent lightning environment monitoring system is ensured.
The bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit includes:
monitoring the frequency distribution of electromagnetic waves in real time by using a spectrum analyzer, monitoring specific frequency characteristics of electromagnetic waves with different sources, including specific peak values or frequency ranges, analyzing the waveform modes of the electromagnetic waves by adopting Fourier transform, and identifying different waveform characteristics generated by different interference sources, including periodicity and amplitude variation;
the interference source positioning technology comprises the steps of disposing a plurality of electromagnetic wave sensors in a surge protector and surrounding environment to form a sensor network, recording arrival time of signals when the electromagnetic wave sensors detect electromagnetic waves, deducing sources of the signals based on arrival time differences of the electromagnetic waves on the electromagnetic wave sensors at different positions, comparing arrival time of the signals received by the different electromagnetic wave sensors, calculating time differences among the signals, processing the time differences by using a multilateral measurement method, determining the direction of the sources of the electromagnetic waves, calculating the direction of the interference sources based on signal propagation speed and the time differences, performing beam forming by using the sensor network, enhancing signals from specific directions by adjusting the phase and amplitude of signals of the network sensors, and positioning the interference sources;
combining the results of spectrum analysis and waveform analysis with propagation path tracking data, comprehensively analyzing the characteristics and sources of electromagnetic interference by using a data fusion technology, explaining the analysis results by using a rule-based intelligent algorithm, determining that the interference is an internal fault from a surge protector, an external electromagnetic interference source or mutual interference among systems, setting identification rules according to the typical characteristics of the electromagnetic interference, including frequency ranges, waveform characteristics and intensity, by using the rule-based intelligent algorithm, extracting key characteristics including the frequency, amplitude and waveform of signals from data collected by a sensor, matching the extracted characteristics with preset rules, and classifying the interference source as the internal fault, the external interference or other types based on the rule matching result;
rule-based intelligent algorithm design: extracting key characteristics of electromagnetic signals: f, signal frequency, signal amplitude, signal periodicity and duration of the signal;
rule setting: based on the known characteristics of the interference source and the operating characteristics of the surge protector, a series of rules are set:
rule 1 if f is within a specific frequency range, e.g. f 1 To f 2 Then the external interference type a is determined.
Rule 2 if A exceeds threshold A max And P is higher than threshold P min Then internal interference is determined.
Rule 3 if D exceeds threshold D max And judging that the external interference is persistent.
Decision logic
Logic judgment is carried out according to the extracted characteristics and preset rules: the decision function F (F, a, P, D) returns the interference type, the decision function being:
wherein f is the signal frequency, A is the amplitude, P is the periodicity, D is the duration, [ f ] 1 ,f 2 ]、A max 、P min 、D max Is a preset threshold value;
the decision function F (F, a, P, D) can be expressed by the following mathematical expression:
F(f,A,P,D)＝1·R 1 (f)+2·R 2 (A,P)+3·R 3 (D)
the output of this function is a value that maps to different interference types according to the above-mentioned rules:
f (F, a, P, D) =1 corresponds to "external interference type An
F (F, A, P, D) =2 corresponds to "internal interference"
F (F, A, P, D) =3 corresponds to "persistent external interference"
If F (F, a, P, D) =0 or other value, then "unknown interference".
The dynamic filter adjustment strategy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of identifying collected data including the frequency, the intensity and the propagation path of an interference source by using a bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit, analyzing and determining specific characteristics of the interference source, including a high-frequency interference source or a low-frequency interference source, and evaluating the influence degree of the interference source on a surge protector according to the determined position of the interference source, wherein the influence is more remarkable when the interference source is closer to the surge protector;
based on the frequency characteristic and the position information of the interference source, a filter parameter adjustment strategy is formulated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
for high-frequency interference, the cut-off frequency of a filter is increased, and the Q factor is adjusted to filter high-frequency noise;
for low frequency interference, the cut-off frequency of the filter is reduced and the Q factor is properly adjusted to enhance the suppression capability of the low frequency interference.
As shown in fig. 2, an intelligent monitoring method for a lightning protection screen includes the following steps:
s1: real-time monitoring is implemented in a power transformation and distribution substation, and key operation data of each surge protector in a lightning protection screen are collected, wherein the key operation data comprise power supply voltage, working current, temperature and humidity data, the occurrence times of lightning strokes and specific time;
s2: performing in-depth analysis on the collected data to evaluate the current operating condition, degradation level and overall performance of the surge protector, the analysis including identifying any abnormal patterns and trends, predicting future performance of the surge protector;
s3: performing fault diagnosis by using the data analysis result, and determining whether the surge protector has faults or performance degradation, including evaluating the response of the surge protector to lightning strokes and other electrical anomalies;
s4: the intensity and the characteristics of an electromagnetic field in the lightning protection screen are monitored, and the shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector are dynamically adjusted according to the detected electromagnetic environment change, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the surge protector is reduced;
s5: the monitoring data, fault diagnosis results, early warning information and electromagnetic compatibility adjustment conditions of the surge protector and the lightning environment are displayed on a man-machine interaction interface, so that an operator on duty can know the system state in real time and effectively manage the system state;
s6: and sending all the monitoring data, analysis results, early warning information and adjustment measures to a remote monitoring center to realize data sharing and remote management.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the discussion of any of the embodiments above is merely exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; the technical features of the above embodiments or in the different embodiments may also be combined within the idea of the invention, the steps may be implemented in any order and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lightning protection screen, its characterized in that includes a plurality of surge protector, intelligent monitoring terminal and touch all-in-one, and a plurality of surge protector all set up in the lightning protection screen, intelligent monitoring terminal includes intelligent monitoring system, intelligent monitoring system is used for monitoring a plurality of surge protector in the lightning protection screen.
2. The intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen according to claim 1, comprising the following modules:
and the acquisition terminal module is used for: the lightning protection system is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and acquires the state information of a surge protector and the lightning environment information of each loop in a lightning protection screen in real time, wherein the state information comprises power supply voltage, working current, temperature and humidity data and the occurrence times and time of lightning strokes;
and a data analysis module: analyzing the data collected by the acquisition terminal module to identify the degradation condition and the full life cycle state of the lightning protection device;
fault diagnosis and early warning module: based on the result of the data analysis module, diagnosing the fault or performance degradation of the surge protector and generating early warning information;
electromagnetic compatibility adjustment module: the shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector are dynamically adjusted by monitoring the intensity and the characteristics of the peripheral electromagnetic field, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the surge protector is reduced, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic interference generated by the surge protector is prevented from affecting other equipment;
human-computer interaction interface: the monitoring data, fault diagnosis and early warning information and the adjustment condition of the electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module of the surge protector and the lightning environment are displayed, so that an operator on duty can know the state of the whole system and effectively manage the system;
and a remote communication module: and sending all monitoring data, analysis results, early warning information and electromagnetic compatibility adjustment conditions to a remote monitoring center.
3. The intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen according to claim 2, wherein the acquisition terminal module specifically comprises:
collecting state information of the surge protector: each surge protector is provided with a multi-mode sensor, and the power supply voltage, the working current and the equipment temperature are monitored and recorded in real time;
and (3) collecting lightning environment information: the lightning detection sensor is deployed at a key position of a power transformation and distribution substation to monitor and record the number of times and the occurrence time of lightning activities;
and (3) temperature and humidity information acquisition: a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in a power transformation and distribution substation, and the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment are monitored in real time;
and (3) data transmission: the acquisition terminal module transmits all the collected data to the data analysis module through a wired or wireless network.
4. The intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen according to claim 3, wherein the data analysis module specifically comprises:
degradation recognition algorithm based on machine learning: the degradation recognition algorithm learns and recognizes a degradation mode of the surge protector according to working voltage, current and temperature data of the surge protector, recognizes a degradation sign through historical data training, and provides support for early fault early warning;
time series analysis: and for the lightning environment data, a time sequence analysis method is adopted to evaluate the influence of the frequency and the intensity of the lightning activity on the surge protector, and the potential influence of the lightning activity on the performance of the surge protector is predicted by analyzing the time sequence mode of the lightning environment data.
5. The intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen according to claim 4, wherein the degradation recognition algorithm specifically comprises:
collecting historical data of the surge protector, including working voltage, current, temperature and degradation states thereof, including normal degradation, slight degradation and serious degradation, and marking the collected data according to historical maintenance records and replacement conditions of the surge protector;
extracting features from the raw data that help predict degradation states, including voltage fluctuations, abnormal increases in current, temperatures above the normal range;
selecting a linear regression model to predict the degradation state of the surge protector, splitting a preset data set into a training set and a testing set, training the linear regression model by using the training set data to learn the relation between the characteristics and the degradation state, further using the testing set data to evaluate the accuracy of the linear regression model by combining a mean square error method, deploying the trained linear regression model into an intelligent lightning environment monitoring system, analyzing the data of the surge protector in real time, predicting the degradation state of the surge protector, improving the linear regression model, and the improved linear regression model is as follows:
let y represent the degradation state of the surge protector, let the characteristics be as follows: x is x 1 : power supply voltage x 2 : operating current, x 3 : temperature, x 4 : number of lightning strokes, x 5 : lightning strike intensity;
the linear regression model may be expressed as: y=β 0 +β 1 x 1 +β 2 x 2 +β 3 x 3 +β 4 x 4 +β 5 x 5 +β 12 x 1 x 2 +β 13 x 1 x 3 +β 24 x 2 x 4 +β 35 x 3 x 5 E+ E; wherein beta is 0 ，β 1 ，β 2 ，β 3 ，β 4 ，β 5 ，β 12 ，β 13 ，β 24 ，β 35 Is a model parameter, e is an error term, and interaction terms are introduced to take into account interactions between different features.
6. The intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen according to claim 5, wherein the fault diagnosis and early warning module specifically comprises:
receiving output from a data analysis module, including voltage, current, temperature, lightning stroke number and intensity data of the surge protector and degradation state predicted values calculated by a linear regression model;
evaluating the degradation state of the surge protector by using a preset threshold, wherein the predicted degradation state exceeds the preset threshold;
generating early warning information: determining early warning levels according to the diagnosis results, and setting early warning of different levels, including low-level early warning, medium-level early warning and high-level early warning;
the early warning information should include critical diagnostic information including degradation status, specific problem indicators, early warning levels, and suggested response measures, and be sent to the operation and maintenance personnel.
7. The intelligent monitoring system of a lightning protection screen according to claim 6, wherein the electromagnetic compatibility adjusting module specifically comprises:
bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit: the unit is provided with a bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification module, can distinguish electromagnetic interference generated by a surge protector or an external electromagnetic interference source, and is realized by analyzing the propagation path and characteristics of electromagnetic waves in real time, including frequency characteristics, waveform modes and intensity changes;
interference source positioning technology: positioning the source of electromagnetic interference by utilizing an array sensor network and combining a signal processing technology;
adaptive mask adjustment mechanism: according to the interference source positioning result, automatically adjusting the shielding characteristic of the surge protector, and if the interference is detected to be mainly from the outside, enhancing the external shielding; a plurality of interference sources are arranged inside the surge protector, and shielding of an internal circuit is adjusted;
dynamic filtering adjustment strategy: the filtering parameters are dynamically adjusted by combining the property and the position of the interference source, including adjusting the Q factor and the cut-off frequency of the filter, so that the surge protector can filter out the electromagnetic interference of a specific type and keep the transparent transmission of normal signals.
8. The intelligent monitoring system of claim 7, wherein the bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit comprises:
monitoring the frequency distribution of electromagnetic waves in real time by using a spectrum analyzer, monitoring specific frequency characteristics of electromagnetic waves with different sources, including specific peak values or frequency ranges, analyzing the waveform modes of the electromagnetic waves by adopting Fourier transform, and identifying different waveform characteristics generated by different interference sources, including periodicity and amplitude variation;
disposing a plurality of electromagnetic wave sensors in a surge protector and surrounding environment to form a sensor network, recording arrival time of signals when the electromagnetic wave sensors detect the electromagnetic waves, deducing sources of the signals based on arrival time differences of the electromagnetic waves on the electromagnetic wave sensors at different positions, comparing arrival time of the signals received by the different electromagnetic wave sensors, calculating time differences among the signals, processing the time differences by using a multilateral measurement method, determining the direction of the sources of the electromagnetic waves, calculating the direction of the interference sources based on the signal propagation speed and the time differences, performing beam forming by using the sensor network, enhancing signals from specific directions by adjusting the phase and the amplitude of the signals of the network sensors, and positioning the interference sources;
combining the results of spectrum analysis and waveform analysis with propagation path tracking data, comprehensively analyzing the characteristics and sources of electromagnetic interference by using a data fusion technology, explaining the analysis results by using a rule-based intelligent algorithm, determining that the interference is an internal fault of a surge protector, an external electromagnetic interference source or mutual interference among systems, setting identification rules according to typical characteristics of the electromagnetic interference, including frequency ranges, waveform characteristics and intensity, extracting key characteristics, including frequency, amplitude and waveform of signals, from data collected by a sensor, matching the extracted characteristics with preset rules, and classifying the interference source as the internal fault, the external interference or other types based on the result of rule matching.
9. The intelligent monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the dynamic filter adjustment strategy comprises:
the method comprises the steps of identifying collected data including the frequency, the intensity and the propagation path of an interference source by using a bidirectional electromagnetic interference identification unit, analyzing and determining specific characteristics of the interference source, including a high-frequency interference source or a low-frequency interference source, and evaluating the influence degree of the interference source on a surge protector according to the determined position of the interference source, wherein the influence is more remarkable when the interference source is closer to the surge protector;
based on the frequency characteristic and the position information of the interference source, a filter parameter adjustment strategy is formulated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
for high-frequency interference, the cut-off frequency of a filter is increased, and the Q factor is adjusted to filter high-frequency noise;
for low frequency interference, the cut-off frequency of the filter is reduced and the Q factor is properly adjusted to enhance the suppression capability of the low frequency interference.
10. The intelligent monitoring method of the lightning protection screen according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1: real-time monitoring is implemented in a power transformation and distribution substation, and key operation data of each surge protector in a lightning protection screen are collected, wherein the key operation data comprise power supply voltage, working current, temperature and humidity data, the occurrence times of lightning strokes and specific time;
s2: performing in-depth analysis on the collected data to evaluate the current operating condition, degradation level and overall performance of the surge protector, the analysis including identifying any abnormal patterns and trends, predicting future performance of the surge protector;
s3: performing fault diagnosis by using the data analysis result, and determining whether the surge protector has faults or performance degradation, including evaluating the response of the surge protector to lightning strokes and other electrical anomalies;
s4: the intensity and the characteristics of an electromagnetic field in the lightning protection screen are monitored, and the shielding and filtering parameters of the surge protector are dynamically adjusted according to the detected electromagnetic environment change, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the surge protector is reduced;
s5: displaying monitoring data, fault diagnosis results, early warning information and electromagnetic compatibility adjustment conditions of the surge protector and the lightning environment on a man-machine interaction interface;
s6: and sending all the monitoring data, analysis results, early warning information and adjustment measures to a remote monitoring center to realize data sharing and remote management.
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