CN117760543A - Portable vibration noise tester and testing method for railway vehicle - Google Patents
Portable vibration noise tester and testing method for railway vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable vibration noise tester and a testing method for railway vehicles, which belong to the technical field of railway vehicle operation quality detection, and the method comprises the following steps: the portable vibration noise tester of the railway vehicle is arranged in any carriage in the railway vehicle, and vehicle data are collected in real time through the vehicle data collector; the method comprises the steps of performing time-frequency domain analysis, index analysis and phase analysis on vehicle data through a display terminal, calculating a time frequency spectrum, a stability index, a simplified method comfort index, a noise level index and a vibration mode of a vehicle body under a vehicle, performing abnormal vibration phenomenon analysis on the vehicle body, evaluating riding comfort of the vehicle body, diagnosing abnormal lines and evaluating movement postures of the vehicle body under the vehicle; and generating a test report through the display terminal, and finishing the inspection of the running quality of the vehicle. The traditional data acquisition equipment has the problems that the preparation time for the vibration test of the vehicle body is too long, the data acquisition equipment is inconvenient to carry and the data post-processing process is complicated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle operation quality detection, and particularly relates to a portable vibration noise tester and a testing method for railway vehicles.
Background
As vehicles, ensuring safety, improving speed, and improving comfort are constant topics to date, and safety issues are also very important issues while continuously updating speed records. How to safely, quickly and conveniently transport passengers is a subject to be discussed in various places at present. The problems of vibration and noise of the train body directly influence riding comfort and safety of passengers, and the primary conditions of actual measurement vibration and noise of the train body for solving the follow-up problems are accurately and rapidly mastered.
The traditional method for testing vibration noise is to arrange a sensor on a vehicle body and collect vibration and noise through data acquisition equipment. The method has the advantages that the preparation and equipment debugging time in the early stage is long, the volume of the data acquisition equipment is relatively large, the data acquisition equipment is inconvenient to carry, and a large amount of time is needed for manually processing related data in the later stage.
In order to solve the problems, the portable vibration noise tester for the vehicle is used for rapidly and conveniently collecting and processing data of vibration and noise of the vehicle body, can rapidly evaluate comprehensive comfort (comfort, stability and sound pressure level in the vehicle) of the vehicle, rapidly diagnose abnormal vibration noise problems (shaking, shaking and howling) of the vehicle and abnormal problems (rail wave mill and the like) of the line, provides auxiliary diagnosis opinion for the health states of the vehicle and the line, and can obtain a vehicle running quality report through data post-processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a portable vibration noise tester for a railway vehicle and a testing method thereof, which solve the problems that the traditional data acquisition equipment has overlong preparation time for vibration testing of a vehicle body, the data acquisition equipment is inconvenient to carry and the data post-processing process is complicated.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a portable vibration noise tester for railway vehicles comprises a vehicle data collector and a display terminal;
the vehicle data collector is used for collecting and storing vibration data, noise data and angle data and transmitting the vibration data, the noise data and the angle data to the display terminal;
the display terminal is used for receiving and storing the data of the collector, analyzing and processing the data, diagnosing the abnormal circuit, checking the running quality of the vehicle and outputting a test report.
Further, the vehicle data collector comprises an antenna, a vibration sensor, a noise sensor, an angular velocity posture sensor, a data processor, a data memory and a positioning module;
the antenna is used for transmitting the data stored in the data memory to the display terminal;
the vibration sensor is used for collecting vibration of the vehicle;
the noise sensor is used for collecting the noise of the vehicle;
the angular velocity gesture sensor is used for acquiring the angle of the vehicle;
the data processor is used for processing the collected vibration signals, noise signals and angle signals;
the data storage is used for storing data acquired by the vibration sensor, the noise sensor and the angular velocity posture sensor;
the positioning module is used for positioning the vehicle position;
the display terminal adopts a tablet personal computer.
Further, the positioning module adopts a GPS and Beidou dual mode.
Further, the vibration range acquired by the vibration sensor is +/-6 g, wherein the vibration data screening precision is 0.0001g; the noise collected by the noise sensor ranges from 40dB to 120dB and from 30Hz to 8000Hz; the angular speed and gesture sensor acquires an angular range of +/-250 deg/s, wherein the screening precision of the angular data is +/-0.02 deg/s; the precision of the positioning module is 2.5m, the capturing time is 30s, and the speed measuring precision is 0.1m/s.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) The portable vibration noise tester for the railway vehicle can acquire, store and display data in real time, has a multipoint acquisition function, and can record train vibration values and train shaking phases of the whole line in real time, display maximum values, and display total number points and waveforms exceeding alarm values;
(2) The method can detect various data simultaneously, analyze and process the collected data rapidly, calculate various indexes of the railway vehicle rapidly and monitor the running quality of the vehicle in real time;
(3) By adopting an integrated portable structure, the comfort, the stability and the like of each place can be detected when the train runs, the operation is simple, the application is convenient, the fixed installation is not needed, the application range is wide, the cost is low, and the problems that the traditional data acquisition equipment is overlong in preparation time for the vibration test of the train body, inconvenient to carry and complex in data post-processing process are solved.
The invention also provides a portable vibration noise testing method for the railway vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a portable vibration noise tester of a railway vehicle in any carriage in the railway vehicle, acquiring vehicle data in real time through a vehicle data acquisition device, and transmitting the vehicle data to a display terminal;
s2, performing time-frequency domain analysis, index analysis and phase analysis on the vehicle data through a display terminal, and calculating a time frequency spectrum, a stability index, a simplified comfort index, a noise level index and a vibration mode of a vehicle body under a sloshing vehicle;
s3, analyzing abnormal vibration phenomena of the vehicle body according to the time spectrum;
s4, evaluating the riding comfort of the vehicle body according to the stability index and the comfort index of the simplified method;
s5, diagnosing the line abnormality according to the noise level index, and evaluating the motion gesture of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle according to the vibration mode of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle;
s6, generating a test report through a display terminal according to the time spectrum, the stability index, the comfort index of the simplified method, the noise level index, the abnormal vibration phenomenon analysis of the vehicle body, the riding comfort of the vehicle body and the movement posture under the shaking condition of the vehicle, and completing the inspection of the running quality of the vehicle.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the acquired vibration signals, noise signals and angle signals are processed, so that dynamic performance indexes such as a vehicle body vibration and noise time-frequency diagram, a stability index, a simplified method comfort index, a noise level index and the like related to the vehicle body vibration and noise time-frequency diagram can be directly output, and the acquired signals can be subjected to post-processing to obtain a motion gesture under a vehicle and the like. Meanwhile, the method can also quickly diagnose the abnormality of the line, provide auxiliary diagnosis comments for the health states of the vehicle and the line, obtain the running quality report of the vehicle through data post-processing, realize quick and convenient collection of various data of the railway vehicle, quickly calculate various indexes of the railway vehicle and monitor the running quality of the vehicle in real time.
Further, the specific steps of the step S1 are as follows:
s11, placing a portable vibration noise tester of the railway vehicle in any carriage in the railway vehicle;
s12, vehicle noise collection is carried out through a noise sensor of the vehicle data collector, noise data are obtained, and the noise data are stored in a data memory;
s13, vehicle noise collection is carried out through a noise sensor of the vehicle data collector, noise data are obtained, and the noise data are stored in a data memory;
s14, acquiring the angle of the vehicle through an angular velocity posture sensor of the vehicle data acquisition device to obtain angle data, and storing the angle data in a data memory;
and S15, transmitting the vibration data, the noise data and the angle data to the display terminal through the antenna.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further scheme are: the portable vibration noise tester for the railway vehicle is portable, can be conveniently placed at any position in the railway vehicle, can be used for simultaneous measurement by using a plurality of portable vibration noise testers for the railway vehicle, can obtain data of different positions of the railway vehicle, ensures that the data of the railway vehicle are more complete and specific, improves the accuracy and the integrity of data measurement, and is convenient for the assessment of the running quality of the vehicle by staff.
Further, the specific steps of the step S2 are as follows:
s21, performing time-frequency domain analysis on vibration data and noise data by using a short-time Fourier transform STFT through a display terminal, and calculating a time spectrum containing the periodic non-round order and amplitude characteristics of the wheel;
s22, carrying out index analysis on the vibration data, and calculating a stability index and a comfort index of a simplified method;
s23, performing index analysis on the noise data, and calculating a noise level index;
s24, carrying out phase analysis on the angle data to obtain a transverse vibration phase difference and a vertical vibration phase difference, and identifying the vibration mode of the lower vehicle body of the sloshing vehicle according to the transverse vibration phase difference and the vertical vibration phase difference;
further, the expression of the short-time fourier transform STFT in step S21 is:
wherein STFT (θ, f) represents a short-time Fourier variation of a vehicle vibration signal or a noise signal,vibration signal or noise signal representing the time domain, +.>Represents an integral variable, θ represents time, f represents a sampling frequency, j represents an imaginary number,representing an analysis window function.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further scheme are: the time-frequency analysis and analysis capability of the short-time Fourier transform STFT is strong, the heart cold is subjected to sectional processing by using a window function, the method can be suitable for different types of signals, a better analysis effect can be obtained, and meanwhile, the calculation degree of the short-time Fourier transform STFT is high.
Further, the expression of the stability index in step S22 is:
wherein W is p The stability index is represented by A, the vibration acceleration is represented by A, the frequency correction coefficient is represented by F (F '), and the vibration frequency is represented by F';
the expression of the simplified method comfort index in the step S22 is:
wherein N is MV The comfort level index of the simplified method is represented,representing the lateral vibration acceleration using a horizontal-direction frequency weighting coefficient W d And 95% confidence treated valid value,/->Representing the longitudinal vibration acceleration using a horizontal-direction frequency weighting coefficient W d And 95% confidence treated valid value,/->Representing the vertical vibration acceleration using the vertical frequency weighting coefficient W b And 95% confidence processed effective value, W d Represents the frequency weighting coefficient in the horizontal direction, W b Representing the vertical frequency weighting coefficients.
Further, the noise level indicator in the step S23 includes a sound pressure level, an equivalent continuous sound level, and an equivalent continuous a weight sound pressure level;
the expression of the sound pressure level is:
wherein L is p Represents sound pressure level, p e Representing the effective value of the sound pressure to be measured, p ref Representing a reference sound pressure;
the expression of the equivalent continuous sound level is:
wherein L is eq Represents equivalent continuous sound level, T represents prescribed measurement time period, L A Representing the instantaneous sound level at time t;
the equivalent continuous A weighting sound pressure level has the expression:
wherein L is AeqT Representing equivalent continuous A weight sound pressure level within a certain period of time, T' representing noise measurement time, p A And (t) represents the instantaneous A sound pressure at time t.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further scheme are: by calculating the stability index, the simplified comfort index, the noise level index and the like of the railway vehicle, the riding comfort of the vehicle body can be intuitively and effectively evaluated, and the abnormality of the line can be rapidly diagnosed, so that auxiliary diagnosis comments are provided for the health states of the vehicle and the line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a portable vibration noise tester for railway vehicles according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a portable vibration noise testing method for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the lateral acceleration profile of the vehicle body according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the stability index of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of a simplified comfort index evaluation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a vibration time-frequency domain analysis of the vehicle body according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of line abnormality diagnosis according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the analysis of data from the line fault diagnosis corrugation segment 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of data analysis of a line anomaly diagnosis health segment according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph of data analysis of the line anomaly diagnosis corrugation segment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the results of the sensor test of the present invention and calibrated sensors.
Detailed Description
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a portable vibration noise tester for railway vehicles, which comprises a vehicle data collector and a display terminal;
the vehicle data collector is used for collecting and storing vibration data, noise data and angle data and transmitting the vibration data, the noise data and the angle data to the display terminal;
the display terminal is used for receiving and storing the data of the collector, analyzing and processing the data, diagnosing the abnormal circuit, checking the running quality of the vehicle and outputting a test report.
The vehicle data collector comprises an antenna, a vibration sensor, a noise sensor, an angular velocity posture sensor, a data processor, a data memory and a positioning module;
the antenna is used for transmitting the data stored in the data memory to the display terminal;
the vibration sensor is used for collecting vibration of the vehicle;
the noise sensor is used for collecting the noise of the vehicle;
the angular velocity gesture sensor is used for acquiring the angle of the vehicle;
the data processor is used for processing the collected vibration signals, noise signals and angle signals;
the data storage is used for storing data acquired by the vibration sensor, the noise sensor and the angular velocity posture sensor;
the positioning module is used for positioning the vehicle position;
the display terminal adopts a tablet personal computer.
The positioning module adopts a GPS mode and a Beidou mode.
The vibration range acquired by the vibration sensor is +/-6 g, wherein the vibration data screening precision is 0.0001g; the noise collected by the noise sensor ranges from 40dB to 120dB and from 30Hz to 8000Hz; the angular speed and gesture sensor acquires an angular range of +/-250 deg/s, wherein the screening precision of the angular data is +/-0.02 deg/s; the precision of the positioning module is 2.5m, the capturing time is 30s, and the speed measuring precision is 0.1m/s.
In this embodiment 1, the working principle of the portable vibration noise tester is: the vehicle data collector was integrated into a collection box of length, width and height 170mm, 127mm and 40mm respectively, the collection box weighing 1.8kg. Meanwhile, a high-precision vibration sensor, a noise sensor and an angular velocity posture sensor are adopted, and vibration and shaking conditions of a straight road, a curve, a ramp and the like of a track line are comprehensively evaluated by adopting six-vector indexes, wherein vibration monitoring indexes comprise three directions of up and down, front and back, left and right, and angle monitoring indexes comprise three directions of a rotation angle, a pitch angle and a direction angle. Meanwhile, the angular velocity of the rotation angle and the angular velocity of the inclination angle of the train can be estimated, and X, Y and Z three-direction vibration quantity can be measured and estimated in real time.
The portable vibration noise tester is arranged in the railway vehicle, corresponding vehicle data are collected through the vibration sensor, the noise sensor and the angular velocity posture sensor, and the data processor processes the collected vehicle signals and stores the vehicle signals through the data memory.
The positioning module adopts a GPS and Beidou dual mode, the specific position of the tester on the vehicle is positioned through the positioning module, vibration of a track line in the running process of the vehicle can be continuously and uninterruptedly detected, stored and recorded, each time point and position of the exceeding vibration of the track line in the running process of the vehicle are analyzed, and the mileage position accuracy reaches 10-20 meters. Meanwhile, vehicle data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer through the antenna, the tablet personal computer analyzes and processes the received data, and the current vehicle information is visually displayed through a graphical interface, so that the vehicle data are convenient for researchers to analyze, and various data can be checked on the personal computer in real time.
The portable vibration noise tester can be used for measuring data at any position in the vehicle, and can be used for simultaneously measuring the data, the noise data and the angle data of the whole line in real time, so that the basic conditions of the vehicle and the track line can be generated, the standard report of the track vehicle is generated, the peak value management and the average value management of the whole line and the section are realized, the operation is simple, the application is convenient, and the fixed installation is not needed.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a portable vibration noise testing method for railway vehicles, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a portable vibration noise tester of a railway vehicle in any carriage in the railway vehicle, acquiring vehicle data in real time through a vehicle data acquisition device, and transmitting the vehicle data to a display terminal;
s2, performing time-frequency domain analysis, index analysis and phase analysis on the vehicle data through a display terminal, and calculating a time frequency spectrum, a stability index, a simplified comfort index, a noise level index and a vibration mode of a vehicle body under a sloshing vehicle;
s3, analyzing abnormal vibration phenomena of the vehicle body according to the time spectrum;
s4, evaluating the riding comfort of the vehicle body according to the stability index and the comfort index of the simplified method;
s5, diagnosing the line abnormality according to the noise level index, and evaluating the motion gesture of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle according to the vibration mode of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle;
s6, generating a test report through a display terminal according to the time spectrum, the stability index, the comfort index of the simplified method, the noise level index, the abnormal vibration phenomenon analysis of the vehicle body, the riding comfort of the vehicle body and the movement posture under the shaking condition of the vehicle, and completing the inspection of the running quality of the vehicle.
The specific steps of the step S1 are as follows:
s11, placing a portable vibration noise tester of the railway vehicle in any carriage in the railway vehicle;
s12, vehicle noise collection is carried out through a noise sensor of the vehicle data collector, noise data are obtained, and the noise data are stored in a data memory;
s13, vehicle noise collection is carried out through a noise sensor of the vehicle data collector, noise data are obtained, and the noise data are stored in a data memory;
s14, acquiring the angle of the vehicle through an angular velocity posture sensor of the vehicle data acquisition device to obtain angle data, and storing the angle data in a data memory;
and S15, transmitting the vibration data, the noise data and the angle data to the display terminal through the antenna.
The specific steps of the step S2 are as follows:
s21, performing time-frequency domain analysis on vibration data and noise data by using a short-time Fourier transform STFT through a display terminal, and calculating a time spectrum containing the periodic non-round order and amplitude characteristics of the wheel;
s22, carrying out index analysis on the vibration data, and calculating a stability index and a comfort index of a simplified method;
s23, performing index analysis on the noise data, and calculating a noise level index;
s24, carrying out phase analysis on the angle data to obtain a transverse vibration phase difference and a vertical vibration phase difference, and identifying the vibration mode of the lower vehicle body of the sloshing vehicle according to the transverse vibration phase difference and the vertical vibration phase difference;
the expression of the short-time fourier transform STFT in step S21 is:
wherein STFT (θ, f) represents a short-time Fourier variation of a vehicle vibration signal or a noise signal,vibration signal or noise signal representing the time domain, +.>Represents an integral variable, θ represents time, f represents a sampling frequency, j represents an imaginary number,representing an analysis window function.
The expression of the stability index in the step S22 is:
wherein W is p The stability index is represented by a, the vibration acceleration is represented by a, the frequency correction coefficient is represented by F (F '), and the vibration frequency is represented by F'.
In this embodiment 2, the stability index is an index formulated based on a large number of test results for evaluating the running quality of the vehicle itself and the riding comfort of the passenger. The vehicle body vibration control system comprises a transverse stability index and a vertical stability index which respectively correspond to the transverse vibration comfort degree and the vertical vibration comfort degree of the vehicle body.
As shown in table 1, the calculation formulas of the frequency correction coefficients F (F ') of the vertical vibration and the lateral vibration at different vibration frequencies F' are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The passenger car running stability grades under the stability index are shown in table 2, and both transverse vibration and vertical vibration are applicable. When the index is below 2.5, the vehicle stability is excellent; when the index is 2.5-2.75, the vehicle stability is good; when the index is 2.75-3.0, the vehicle stability is qualified; when the index exceeds 3.0, the vehicle stability is not appropriate. Table 2 is a grading table of the stationarity index.
TABLE 2
| Grade of smoothness | Assessment of | Stability index W p |
| Level 1 | Excellent (excellent) | <2.5 |
| Level 2 | Good quality | 2.5-2.75 |
| 3 grade | Qualified product | 2.75-3.0 |
The expression of the simplified method comfort index in the step S22 is:
wherein N is MV The comfort level index of the simplified method is represented,representing the lateral vibration acceleration using a horizontal-direction frequency weighting coefficient W d And 95% confidence treated valid value,/->Representing the longitudinal vibration acceleration using a horizontal-direction frequency weighting coefficient W d And 95% confidence treated valid value,/->Representing the vertical vibration acceleration using the vertical frequency weighting coefficient W b And 95% confidence processed effective value, W d Represents the frequency weighting coefficient in the horizontal direction, W b Representing the vertical frequency weighting coefficients.
In this example 2, the comfort index UIC513 is a standard for the riding comfort of railway vehicles issued by the international union of railways based on the original standard eri-B153 and referring to the requirements of ISO 2631. The comfort index UIC513 uses a physiological filter curve and performs probability processing according to the confidence level of 95% or 50%.
The train comfort level of this example 2 was evaluated using a simplified method comfort level index. The simplified method comfort index has no specific requirement on the measuring points, and three measuring points are generally arranged, namely a floor surface above the centers of the first bogie and the second bogie and a floor surface at the center of the vehicle body.
The simplified comfort index equivalent division is shown in table 3, and is divided into 5 grades, and for a motor train unit, a vehicle is considered to have better riding comfort when the index value is generally required to be less than 2, wherein table 3 is a simplified comfort index grade division table.
TABLE 3 Table 3
The noise level index in the step S23 includes a sound pressure level, an equivalent continuous sound level, and an equivalent continuous a weighting sound pressure level;
the expression of the sound pressure level is:
wherein L is p Represents sound pressure level, p e Representing the effective value of the sound pressure to be measured, p ref Representing a reference sound pressure;
the expression of the equivalent continuous sound level is:
wherein L is eq Represents equivalent continuous sound level, T represents prescribed measurement time period, L A Representing the instantaneous sound level at time t;
the equivalent continuous A weighting sound pressure level has the expression:
wherein L is AeqT Representing equivalent continuous A weight sound pressure level within a certain period of time, T' representing noise measurement time, p A And (t) represents the instantaneous A sound pressure at time t.
In this embodiment 2, in order to sufficiently ensure that the data has good representativeness, the continuous equivalent a weight sound pressure level is used to evaluate the noise, considering that it is difficult to ensure a completely continuous steady state condition in practical use.
In this example 2, the three-way vibration acceleration of the floor surface of the railway vehicle body and the noise in the vehicle were measured in real time, and the vibration and noise signals were analyzed and the evaluation results of the stability index and the noise evaluation results were given.
As shown in fig. 3, the vehicle lateral acceleration is detected, and vibration data is obtained. By performing index analysis on the vibration data, a stability index is obtained, and as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the stability of the train is different at different running speeds.
On the basis of the stability index, the assessment of the riding comfort of the passengers is also supported, and the simplified comfort index shown in fig. 5 can be seen to increase with time and reduce the comfort.
And meanwhile, the acquired vibration signals are subjected to time-frequency spectrum analysis to obtain the vibration energy distribution condition of the vehicle body in each frequency band, so that the abnormal vibration phenomenon of the vehicle body can be conveniently analyzed and researched, and the analysis is shown in fig. 6.
After the noise is collected by the vehicle data collector, not only the weight A sound pressure level analysis and the noise time-frequency characteristic analysis of the noise in the vehicle can be performed, but also the quick diagnosis of the noise-based line abnormality problems, such as rail wave grinding, curve howling and the like, can be performed. 7-10 are examples of rail wave wear problem diagnosis, i.e., real-time diagnosis of rail irregularity levels.
Meanwhile, the vehicle data acquisition device is used for carrying out angle acquisition and phase analysis, and is used for identifying the vibration mode of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle, and the vibration of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle is evaluated to be mainly in shaking or rolling through analyzing the phase difference of the transverse vibration of the front end and the rear end of the vehicle body and the phase difference of the vertical vibration of the left end and the right end of the vehicle body.
The acquisition precision and reliability of the method of the invention have passed the test verification of the standard test bed and the field comparison verification, and the verification result shows that the equipment has the test precision meeting the requirements, and can be used for the test of trains. As shown in fig. 11, in the vibration time domain, the portable tester of the invention is compared with the standard sensor, and in the noise time domain and the noise frequency spectrum, the portable tester of the invention is compared with the B & K noise equipment, so that the lateral acceleration and the vertical acceleration collected by the portable tester and the B & K noise equipment are highly consistent in amplitude and phase, the accuracy of the portable tester is high, the analysis of the collected data is accurate, and the use requirement can be met. The tester can detect the comfort, the stability and the like of each place when the train runs, has wide application range, can be used as simple, portable and effective checking equipment for the running quality of the vehicle, is simple to operate, is convenient to apply, does not need to be fixedly installed, and has an early warning effect on potential faults.
Claims (10)
1. The portable vibration noise tester for the railway vehicle is characterized by comprising a vehicle data collector and a display terminal;
the vehicle data collector is used for collecting and storing vibration data, noise data and angle data and transmitting the vibration data, the noise data and the angle data to the display terminal;
the display terminal is used for receiving and storing the data of the collector, analyzing and processing the data, diagnosing the abnormal circuit, checking the running quality of the vehicle and outputting a test report.
2. The portable vibration and noise tester for railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle data collector comprises an antenna, a vibration sensor, a noise sensor, an angular velocity posture sensor, a data processor, a data memory, and a positioning module;
the antenna is used for transmitting the data stored in the data memory to the display terminal;
the vibration sensor is used for collecting vibration of the vehicle;
the noise sensor is used for collecting the noise of the vehicle;
the angular velocity gesture sensor is used for acquiring the angle of the vehicle;
the data processor is used for processing the collected vibration signals, noise signals and angle signals;
the data storage is used for storing data acquired by the vibration sensor, the noise sensor and the angular velocity posture sensor;
the positioning module is used for positioning the vehicle position;
the display terminal adopts a tablet personal computer.
3. The portable vibration noise tester for railway vehicles according to claim 2, wherein the positioning module adopts a dual mode of GPS and beidou.
4. The portable vibration noise tester for railway vehicles according to claim 2, wherein the vibration range collected by the vibration sensor is ±6g, wherein the vibration data screening accuracy is 0.0001g; the noise collected by the noise sensor ranges from 40dB to 120dB and from 30Hz to 8000Hz; the angular speed and gesture sensor acquires an angular range of +/-250 deg/s, wherein the screening precision of the angular data is +/-0.02 deg/s; the precision of the positioning module is 2.5m, the capturing time is 30s, and the speed measuring precision is 0.1m/s.
5. The portable vibration noise testing method for the railway vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, placing a portable vibration noise tester of a railway vehicle in any carriage in the railway vehicle, acquiring vehicle data in real time through a vehicle data acquisition device, and transmitting the vehicle data to a display terminal;
s2, performing time-frequency domain analysis, index analysis and phase analysis on the vehicle data through a display terminal, and calculating a time frequency spectrum, a stability index, a simplified comfort index, a noise level index and a vibration mode of a vehicle body under a sloshing vehicle;
s3, analyzing abnormal vibration phenomena of the vehicle body according to the time spectrum;
s4, evaluating the riding comfort of the vehicle body according to the stability index and the comfort index of the simplified method;
s5, diagnosing the line abnormality according to the noise level index, and evaluating the motion gesture of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle according to the vibration mode of the vehicle body under the shaking vehicle;
s6, generating a test report through a display terminal according to the time spectrum, the stability index, the comfort index of the simplified method, the noise level index, the abnormal vibration phenomenon analysis of the vehicle body, the riding comfort of the vehicle body and the movement posture under the shaking condition of the vehicle, and completing the inspection of the running quality of the vehicle.
6. The method for testing portable vibration noise of railway vehicles according to claim 5, wherein the specific steps of step S1 are as follows:
s11, placing a portable vibration noise tester of the railway vehicle in any carriage in the railway vehicle;
s12, vehicle noise collection is carried out through a noise sensor of the vehicle data collector, noise data are obtained, and the noise data are stored in a data memory;
s13, vehicle noise collection is carried out through a noise sensor of the vehicle data collector, noise data are obtained, and the noise data are stored in a data memory;
s14, acquiring the angle of the vehicle through an angular velocity posture sensor of the vehicle data acquisition device to obtain angle data, and storing the angle data in a data memory;
and S15, transmitting the vibration data, the noise data and the angle data to the display terminal through the antenna.
7. The method for testing portable vibration noise of railway vehicles according to claim 6, wherein the specific steps of step S2 are as follows:
s21, performing time-frequency domain analysis on vibration data and noise data by using a short-time Fourier transform STFT through a display terminal, and calculating a time spectrum containing the periodic non-round order and amplitude characteristics of the wheel;
s22, carrying out index analysis on the vibration data, and calculating a stability index and a comfort index of a simplified method;
s23, performing index analysis on the noise data, and calculating a noise level index;
s24, carrying out phase analysis on the angle data to obtain a transverse vibration phase difference and a vertical vibration phase difference, and identifying the vibration mode of the lower vehicle body of the sloshing vehicle according to the transverse vibration phase difference and the vertical vibration phase difference.
8. The method for testing portable vibration noise of railway vehicles according to claim 7, wherein the expression of the short-time fourier transform STFT in step S21 is:
wherein STFT (θ, f) represents a short-time Fourier variation of a vehicle vibration signal or a noise signal,vibration signal or noise signal representing the time domain, +.>Represents an integral variable, θ represents time, f represents sampling frequency, j represents an imaginary number,/and so on>Representing an analysis window function.
9. The method for testing portable vibration noise of railway vehicles according to claim 7, wherein the expression of the stability index in step S22 is:
wherein W is p The stability index is represented by A, the vibration acceleration is represented by A, the frequency correction coefficient is represented by F (F '), and the vibration frequency is represented by F';
the expression of the simplified method comfort index in the step S22 is:
wherein N is MV The comfort level index of the simplified method is represented,representing the lateral vibration acceleration using a horizontal-direction frequency weighting coefficient W d And 95% confidence treated valid value,/->Representing the longitudinal vibration acceleration using a horizontal-direction frequency weighting coefficient W d And 95% confidence treated valid value,/->Representing the vertical vibration acceleration using the vertical frequency weighting coefficient W b And 95% confidence processed effective value, W d Represents the frequency weighting coefficient in the horizontal direction, W b Representing the vertical frequency weighting coefficients.
10. The method for testing portable vibration noise of railway vehicles according to claim 7, wherein the noise level indicators in the step S23 include sound pressure level, equivalent continuous sound level, and equivalent continuous a weight sound pressure level;
the expression of the sound pressure level is:
wherein L is p Represents sound pressure level, p e Representing the effective value of the sound pressure to be measured, p ref Representing a reference sound pressure;
the expression of the equivalent continuous sound level is:
wherein L is eq Representing equivalent continuitySound level, T denotes a prescribed measurement period, L A Representing the instantaneous sound level at time t;
the equivalent continuous A weighting sound pressure level has the expression:
wherein L is AeqT Representing equivalent continuous A weight sound pressure level within a certain period of time, T' representing noise measurement time, p A And (t) represents the instantaneous A sound pressure at time t.
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