CN117759951A - Low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on rotational flow semiconductor - Google Patents

Abstract

A low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on a cyclone semiconductor comprises a jet hole (101), a shell (102), an external gas guide tube (103), mounting threads (104), a cathode (105), an insulator (106), an anode (107), a gas flow channel (108), the semiconductor cyclone (109), a gas inlet hole (110), a positioning step (111) and a gas inlet channel (112). The working process of the igniter is also provided. The invention solves the problem that the existing sliding arc igniter needs high voltage breakdown by utilizing the low voltage arcing characteristic of the semiconductor, thereby solving the problem that the power supply design difficulty is increased due to large impedance change in the working process of the existing sliding arc igniter; the invention also utilizes the characteristics of the semiconductor device, effectively reduces the requirements on power supply design, improves engineering practicability and reduces the volume and weight of a power supply system.

Description

Low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on rotational flow semiconductor

Technical Field

The invention is mainly applied to the fields of plasma ignition combustion supporting, plasma cracking, plasma waste gas treatment and the like, and particularly relates to a low-voltage sliding arc igniter of a cyclone semiconductor.

Background

Unlike conventional spark discharge, sliding arc discharge is a typical representation of non-thermal arc discharge, and sliding arc discharge is capable of not only releasing high temperature plasma but also generating more active particles. There are two modes of operation during operation, a concomitant breakdown mode and a steady slip mode. The sliding arc discharge igniter is widely applied to the fields of surface treatment of materials, toxic waste removal, ignition combustion supporting, cracking and the like. The sliding arc discharge is divided into three phases: the first stage is to break down air to form a plasma discharge channel; the second stage is to develop a plasma discharge channel under the drive of the cyclone gas; the third stage is arc extinction, new arc is formed while the arc is extinguished, and the sliding arc is formed.

At present, a sliding arc excitation system generally adopts air gap discharge, and a conductive channel is formed by using high-voltage breakdown air, so that conditions are created for forming a sliding arc. Because air does not belong to an insulator before breakdown, the whole excitation system presents a high impedance characteristic. To achieve reliable breakdown, the power supply system of the sliding arc must provide a high voltage in the initial stage. But once air breaks down, the air gap resistance drops rapidly and the overall excitation system exhibits a low impedance characteristic. At this point the arc drop decreases rapidly. But a large current is required to be supplied in order to ensure stable sliding arc. Thus, the sliding arc power supply is required to provide a high current at low voltage.

In summary, because the impedance of the current sliding arc igniter in the breakdown process and the stable discharge process has a large difference, the power supply needs to be switched between two working modes, the complexity of the power supply design is increased, and the volume and the weight of the power supply are increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, in order to solve the problem that the impedance change is large in the working process of the existing sliding arc igniter, which leads to the increase of the power supply design difficulty, the invention provides a low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on a rotational flow semiconductor, which comprises a jet hole 101, a shell 102, an external gas-guiding pipe 103, mounting threads 104, a cathode 105, an insulator 106, an anode 107, a gas flow channel 108, a semiconductor cyclone 109, a gas inlet hole 110, a positioning step 111 and a gas inlet channel 112; wherein the method comprises the steps of

The shell 102 is in a hollow cylinder shape as a whole, and is provided with an upper end face, and a hole is punched in the center of the end face; an internal thread is arranged at the lower end of the interior of the shell 102, and the internal thread is matched and fixed with the mounting thread 104;

the outer air-inducing pipe 103 is fixedly connected with the shell 102 from the lower part of the shell 102 and the position close to the upper part of the internal thread of the shell 102, the outer air-inducing pipe 103 is not contacted with the internal thread of the shell 102, and the outer air-inducing pipe 103 is obliquely inserted into the shell 102 from bottom to top; the outer shell 102 is provided with a through hole at the introduction position of the external gas-guiding pipe 103 for introducing external gas through the external gas-guiding pipe 103;

the cathode 105 is a hollow cylinder, the two ends of the head and the tail are open, the outside of the cathode 105 is in a cylinder shape, and a gap is reserved between the outer wall surface of the cathode 105 and the inner wall surface of the shell 102 along the circumferential direction to form an air inlet channel 112; the inner cavity of the cathode 105 is divided into a head section, a middle section and a tail section, the inner cavity of the head section of the cathode 105 is gradually folded towards the outlet of the head section, and the radius is gradually reduced; the diameter of the middle part of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 is smaller than that of the tail part, and a step is naturally formed in the middle; a positioning step 111 is processed at the tail part inside the cathode 105 and is used for clamping the insulator 106, and the lower end surface of the positioning step 111 is kept at a certain distance from the lower end surface of the cathode 105;

the through hole of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 close to the head and the through hole of the head of the shell 102 jointly form a jet hole 101;

machining a mounting thread 104 at the tail of the outer part of the cathode 105; the mounting screw thread 104 is positioned below the air inlet hole 110 and keeps a certain distance from the air inlet hole 110;

an upper air inlet hole and a lower air inlet hole 110 are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 near the head, each group of air inlet holes comprises a plurality of air inlet holes uniformly distributed along the circumference, the air inlet holes are through holes penetrating the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the cathode 105, and the air inlet holes 110 are communicated with an air inlet channel 112, an air flow channel 108 and a jet hole 101;

insulator 106 is a hollow structure located between cathode 105 and anode 107 and is rotationally symmetrical about the igniter axis; the outer wall of the insulator 106 is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section of cylinder structure, and the diameters of the cylinder structures are sequentially increased from top to bottom; the outer wall surface of the upper section cylinder is kept at a certain distance from the inner wall surface of the cathode 105; the adjacent parts of the middle section cylinder and the upper section cylinder are outwards protruded to form a boss, and the boss is positioned below the two groups of air inlets 110 and is in interference fit with the inner wall surface of the middle part of the inner cavity of the cathode 105; the step formed at the junction of the middle section cylinder and the lower section cylinder corresponds to the step formed between the middle part and the tail part of the cathode 105, so that the lower section cylinder is in close contact with the inner wall of the cathode 105; the internal cavity of insulator 106 forms two hollow cylinder structures of different diameters, the upper hollow cylinder structure being smaller in diameter than the lower hollow cylinder structure, the two together forming a through hole; the upper end face of the insulator 106 is kept at a certain distance from the upper end face of the cathode 105, and the upper end face of the insulator 106 is lower than the upper end face of the cathode 105; the lower end surface of the insulator 106 is flush with the upper end surface of the positioning step 111;

the anode 107 is integrally formed by a hemispherical discharge end, a thin solid cylinder and a thick solid cylinder; the head is a hemispherical discharge end, protrudes upwards from the upper end surface of the insulator 106 and is arranged close to the jet hole 101; below the head is a thin solid cylinder with the diameter equal to the diameter of the hemispherical head; a thick solid cylinder is arranged below the thin solid cylinder, and the diameter of the thick solid cylinder is larger than that of the thin solid cylinder; the hemispherical discharge end of the anode 107 and the thick and thin solid cylinder long rod are inserted into the large hole at the lower part of the insulator 106 from bottom to top, pass through the hole and enter the small hole at the upper part of the insulator 106; a gap is reserved between the head hemispherical discharge end of the anode 107 and the cathode 105 in the radial direction; the outer wall surface of the anode 107 and the outer wall surface of the insulator 106 are connected smoothly; the gas flow passage formed between the anode 107 and the cathode 105, and the gas flow passage formed between the insulator 106 and the cathode 105 together constitute a gas flow passage 108;

the semiconductor cyclone 109 is composed of a hollow cylinder and a plurality of fan-shaped blades fixed outside the hollow cylinder and uniformly distributed along the radial direction, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder is equal to the outer diameter of the thin solid cylinder of the anode 107, the semiconductor cyclone 109 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode 107 through the hollow cylinder, and is embedded between the cathode 105 and the hemispherical head of the anode 107, and the semiconductor cyclone 109 is axially positioned at the upper end position of the insulator 106 but is not in contact with the insulator 106; the semiconductor cyclone 109 shields only a small portion of the airflow channel 108.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the group of air intake holes 110 is 3 to 6; the diameter of the air inlet hole 110 is 1-5 mm; the distance between the first group of air inlets 110 and the end face of the head of the igniter is 15-40 mm; the distance between the second group of air inlets 110 and the end face of the head of the igniter is 30-60 mm; the distance between the mounting screw 104 and the air inlet hole 110 is 60-180 mm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the group of air intake holes 110 is 4; the diameter of the air inlet hole 110 is 2mm; the distance between the first group of air inlets 110 and the end face of the head of the igniter is 20mm; the distance between the second group of air inlet holes 110 and the end face of the head of the igniter is 35mm; the distance between the mounting screw 104 and the air inlet aperture 110 is 80mm.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the upper end surface of the insulator 106 is 10 to 40mm from the upper end surface of the cathode 105, and the outer diameter of the insulator 106 is 5 to 25mm; the diameter of the hollow cylinder above the insulator 106 is 1-7 mm; the diameter of the hollow cylinder at the lower part is 4-15 mm.

In another embodiment of the invention, the insulator 106 is formed from aluminum oxide ceramic, with the upper end of the insulator 106 being 25mm from the upper end of the cathode 105; the diameter of the hollow cylinder above insulator 106 is 4mm; the diameter of the lower hollow cylinder is 9mm.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the anode 107 has a head hemisphere diameter of 1-8 mm and a bottom long bar maximum radial length of 4-10 mm; the gap between the anode 107 and the cathode 105 is 0.5-3 mm in radial direction.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the anode 107 is fabricated from a nickel alloy with a head hemisphere diameter of 4mm and a bottom long bar maximum radial length of 7mm; the gap between the anode 107 and the cathode 105 in the radial direction was 1.5mm.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the outer diameter of the housing 102 is 20-30 mm; the inclination angle of the external air suction pipe 103 ranges from 15 degrees to 80 degrees; the inner diameter of the external air-inducing pipe 103 is 5-15 mm;

a flange is arranged at the outer gas-introducing pipe 103 and is coaxial with the igniter;

the diameter of the jet hole 101 is 6-12 mm;

the positioning step 111 is 2-5mm from the end face of the tail inside the cathode 105.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention,

the outer diameter of the housing 102 is 25mm; the inclination angle of the outer air introducing pipe 103 is 60 degrees; the inner diameter of the outer air introducing pipe 103 is 6mm;

the center angle of the shielding airflow channel 108 of the semiconductor cyclone 109 is not more than 10 degrees, and the material of the semiconductor cyclone 109 is ceramic with semiconductor characteristics;

jet hole 101 has a diameter of 8mm;

the positioning step 111 is 3mm from the end face of the tail inside the cathode 105.

The working process of the low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on the cyclone semiconductor is as follows: the high voltage provided by the power supply system is connected with the anode 107 of the firearm through a cable, and the grounding end of the power supply system and the cathode 105 are grounded; when the power is on, one end of the igniter semiconductor cyclone 109 is in contact with the cathode 105, and the other end of the igniter semiconductor cyclone 109 is in contact with the anode 108, so that the voltage at two ends of the igniter semiconductor cyclone 109 is increased, the semiconductor cyclone 109 is positioned at a gap position between the cathode 105 and the anode 107, and as the voltage between the two ends of the cathode 105 and the anode 107 is increased, a flashover phenomenon randomly occurs due to the low resistance characteristic of a semiconductor, so that an arc striking effect is generated, and the cathode 105 and the anode 107 start to strike an arc from the flashover position; at the same time of the arc starting, the external bleed air is led through the external bleed air pipe 103, and the bleed air enters the air inlet channel 112 between the shell 102 and the cathode 105 through the external bleed air pipe 103, then enters the air inlet hole 110, and then enters the air flow channel 108 for ignition to form a sliding arc, and the sliding arc slides in the jet hole 101 under the pneumatic action, so that finally a sliding arc excitation output is formed.

The invention introduces a semiconductor arcing device based on the traditional sliding arc igniter. The problem that the existing sliding arc igniter needs high-voltage breakdown is solved by utilizing the low-voltage arcing characteristic of a semiconductor. Meanwhile, the semiconductor device is wholly presented in kiloohm magnitude before the surface low-voltage arcing is not realized. By utilizing the unique advantages of the semiconductor, the low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on the rotational flow semiconductor can effectively reduce the requirements on power supply design, improve engineering practicability and reduce the volume weight of a power supply system.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on a cyclone semiconductor according to the present invention, wherein fig. 1 (a) shows a perspective view of the igniter, fig. 1 (b) shows a sectional view of the igniter in an axial direction, and fig. 1 (c) shows a partially enlarged view of a head portion of the igniter.

Detailed Description

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on a cyclone semiconductor, which is technically characterized in that the traditional inter-electrode air breakdown is changed into semiconductor auxiliary breakdown, so that the igniter is a resistive load before and after the breakdown, and the power supply design is facilitated.

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the low-voltage sliding arc igniter (hereinafter, simply referred to as "igniter") based on a swirling semiconductor of the present invention is composed of a jet hole 101, a housing 102, an external gas introduction pipe 103, mounting screw threads 104, a cathode 105, an insulator 106, an anode 107, a gas flow passage 108, a semiconductor swirler 109, a gas intake hole 110, a positioning step 111, a gas intake passage 112, etc.

The housing 102 is generally hollow cylindrical in shape with an upper end surface with a central aperture for forming a sliding arc. The lower end of the interior of the housing 102 is provided with internal threads that mate with the mounting threads 104. The dimensions of the housing 102 should be greater than the outer peripheral dimensions of the overall internal structure, with an outer diameter of 20-30 mm, preferably 25mm.

The outer air-inducing pipe 103 is fixedly connected with the outer shell 102 from the lower part of the outer shell 102 at a position approximately close to the upper part of the internal thread of the outer shell 102, the outer air-inducing pipe 103 does not contact with the internal thread of the outer shell 102, and the outer air-inducing pipe 103 is obliquely inserted into the outer shell 102 from bottom to top, and the inclination angle ranges from 15 degrees to 80 degrees, preferably 60 degrees. The housing 102 is perforated at the introduction point of the external gas introduction pipe 103 for introducing external gas through the external gas introduction pipe 103. The inner diameter of the outer gas-introducing tube 103 is 5 to 15mm, preferably 6mm.

The disk adjacent to the outer gas-introducing tube 103 is a flange for butt-mounting, the flange being coaxial with the igniter. In order to realize stable connection between the external gas-introducing pipe 103 and the shell 102, a transition joint part is formed at the joint part of the flange plate and the shell 102, the transition joint part is a hollow round table without upper and lower bottoms, the round table is coaxial with the igniter, the diameter of the upper bottom circumference of the round table is the same as that of the outer circumference of the shell 102 and is fixedly connected with the outer circumference of the shell, the diameter of the lower bottom circumference of the round table is larger than that of the upper bottom circumference of the round table, and the lower bottom circumference of the round table is fixedly connected with the flange plate. The transition joint may be welded to the housing 102 and flange, for example, by welding.

The cathode 105 is a hollow cylinder formed by processing, for example, a nickel alloy, and has both ends open, the outside of the cathode 105 is in a cylindrical shape, and a gap is left between the outer wall surface of the cathode 105 and the inner wall surface of the housing 102 in the circumferential direction, and serves as an air intake passage 112, as shown in fig. 1 (c). The inner cavity of the cathode 105 is divided into a head section, a middle section and a tail section, the inner cavity of the head section of the cathode 105 is gradually folded towards the outlet of the head section, and the radius is gradually reduced; the diameter of the middle part of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 is smaller than that of the tail part, and a step is naturally formed between the middle part and the tail part so as to adapt to the shape of the insulator 106; a positioning step 111 is machined at a proper position at the tail part inside the cathode 105 and is used for clamping the insulator 106, the distance between the positioning step 111 and the tail end face inside the cathode 105 is 2-5mm, preferably 3mm, and the lower end face of the positioning step 111 is kept at a certain distance from the lower end face of the cathode 105.

The through hole of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 near the head of the cathode 105 is a jet hole 101, and the diameter of the jet hole 101 is 6-12 mm, preferably 8mm. Jet aperture 101 is also a through hole in the head of housing 102.

Mounting threads 104, such as M15, are machined in place at the tail of the exterior of the cathode 105 for threaded connection with the internal threads of the housing 102. The mounting screw thread 104 is positioned below the air inlet hole 110 and keeps a certain distance from the air inlet hole 110; the distance between the mounting screw 104 and the air inlet aperture 110 is about 60-180 mm, preferably 80mm.

An upper air inlet hole and a lower air inlet hole 110 are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 near the head, each air inlet hole comprises a plurality of air inlet holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the air inlet holes are through holes penetrating through the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the cathode 105, and the air inlet holes 110 are communicated with an air inlet channel 112, an air flow channel 108 (described below) and the jet holes 101. The number of the group of air inlets 110 is usually 3 to 6, preferably 4. The diameter of the air inlet hole 110 is 1 to 5mm, preferably 2mm. The air inlet holes 110 are positioned above the mounting screw threads 104, and the distance between the first group of air inlet holes 110 and the end face of the head of the igniter is 15-40 mm, preferably 20mm; the second set of air inlet holes 110 is spaced from the igniter head end face by a distance of 30 to 60mm, preferably 35mm. The air inlet 110 is used for providing an air source for the sliding arc, so that secondary flow of the combustion chamber is ensured to enter the jet hole 101 through the air inlet 110, and the electric arc is driven to slide to form sliding arc plasma.

Insulator 106 is a hollow structure located between cathode 105 and anode 107 and is rotationally symmetrical about the igniter axis. The outer wall of the insulator 106 is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section of cylinder structure, and the diameters of the cylinder structures are sequentially increased from top to bottom; the outer wall surface of the upper section cylinder is kept at a certain distance from the inner wall surface of the cathode 105, and a gap between the upper section cylinder and the inner wall surface of the cathode 105 is used for generating an electric arc; the middle cylinder and the upper cylinder are protruded outwards to form a boss, the boss is positioned below the two groups of air inlets 110 and is in interference fit with the inner wall surface of the middle part of the inner cavity of the cathode 105 (the inner diameter of the cathode 105 is equal to the outer diameter of the boss, and a section of cavity is formed between the outer wall of the insulator 106 and the inner wall of the cathode 105 from the lower part of the boss to the lower part of the cylinder, and the cavity is not communicated with the air inlets 110 (the purpose of reducing the weight of materials can be understood); the step formed at the junction of the middle section cylinder and the lower section cylinder corresponds to the step formed between the middle part and the tail part of the cathode 105, so that the lower section cylinder is in close contact with the inner wall of the cathode 105. The internal cavity of insulator 106 forms two hollow cylinder structures of different diameters, the upper hollow cylinder being smaller in diameter than the lower hollow cylinder structure, which together form a through hole for mounting anode 107. The upper end surface of the insulator 106 is kept at a certain distance from the upper end surface of the cathode 105, and the upper end surface of the insulator 106 is lower than the upper end surface of the cathode 105 so as to leave a sufficient size for the semiconductor cyclone below the air inlet 110 for the development of an electric arc; the upper end surface of the insulator 106 is 10 to 40mm, preferably 25mm, from the upper end surface of the cathode 105, and the lower end surface of the insulator 106 is flush with the upper end surface of the positioning step 111. The outer diameter of the insulator 106 is 5-25 mm, and as mentioned above, the outer diameter of the insulator 106 varies from top to bottom, and is selected according to practical needs, and care should be taken to match the inner diameter of the cathode 105 during the selection process. The insulator 106 may be fabricated from, for example, aluminum oxide ceramic. The diameter of the hollow cylinder above the insulator 106 is 1-7 mm, preferably 4mm; the diameter of the lower hollow cylinder is 4-15 mm, preferably 9mm.

The anode 107 is a metal electrode processed by nickel alloy, for example, and is integrally formed by three parts of a hemispherical discharge end, a thin solid cylinder and a thick solid cylinder; or as shown in fig. 1 (b), the discharge end of which the head is hemispherical is disposed near the jet hole 101; below the head is a thin solid cylinder with the diameter equal to the diameter of the hemispherical head; below the thin solid cylinder is a thick solid cylinder with a diameter larger than the diameter of the thin solid cylinder. In practice, the anode 107 is formed by a solid cylindrical long rod except for a hemispherical head, and the cross section is not limited to a circular shape, preferably a circular shape, but the cross section must be a center symmetrical pattern. In one embodiment of the invention, the head hemisphere has a diameter of 1 to 8mm, preferably 4mm, and the bottom cylindrical wand has a maximum radial length of 4 to 10mm, preferably 7mm. The hemispherical discharge end of the anode 107 and the thick and thin solid cylinder long rod are inserted into the large hole at the lower part of the insulator 106 from bottom to top, pass through the hole and enter the small hole at the upper part of the insulator 106, and the external wire enters from outside to inside and is connected with the lower end of the anode 107. The hemispherical discharge end of the anode 107 is required to ensure a radial clearance with the cathode 105, typically 0.5 to 3mm, preferably 1.5mm. A smooth connection is formed between the outer wall surface of the anode 107 and the outer wall surface of the insulator 106. The gas flow passage formed between the anode 107 and the cathode 105, and the gas flow passage formed between the insulator 106 and the cathode 105 together constitute a gas flow passage 108. The inlet aperture 110 is a cylindrical through hole, the external bleed air is bleed air through the external bleed air duct 103, the bleed air enters the air inlet channel 112 between the housing 102 and the cathode 105 via the external bleed air duct 103, then enters the inlet aperture 110, then enters the air flow channel 108 for ignition, forming a sliding arc, and finally the sliding arc progresses from the jet aperture 101 to the outside of the igniter.

The semiconductor cyclone 109 is composed of a hollow cylinder and a plurality of fan-shaped blades fixed outside the hollow cylinder and uniformly distributed along the radial direction, the cyclone 109 is known to a person skilled in the art, the semiconductor cyclone 109 is made of semiconductor materials, the purpose of the invention is to solve the problem that the existing sliding arc igniter needs high-voltage breakdown by utilizing the low-voltage arcing characteristic of semiconductors, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder is equal to the outer diameter of the thin solid cylinder of the anode 107, the semiconductor cyclone 109 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode 107 through the hollow cylinder, and is embedded between the hemispherical heads (namely discharge ends) of the cathode 105 and the anode 107, and the semiconductor cyclone 109 is axially positioned at the upper end position of the insulator 106 but is not in contact with the insulator 106. The semiconductor cyclone 109 shields only a small portion of the gas flow channel 108, preferably by a center angle of not more than 10 °, which is the center of the circumference formed by the inner wall of the cathode 105. The material of the semiconductor cyclone 109 can be selected from ceramics with semiconductor characteristics such as zinc oxide, silicon carbide and the like, and the main function is to change the original air gap into semiconductor connection and change the impedance characteristic at the time of breakdown. The semiconductor cyclone 109 shown in fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view, and thus appears to be asymmetric in shape, but is shown as a real-world representation.

The igniter works as follows: the high voltage provided by the power system is connected to the firearm's anode 107 via a cable, the power system ground and cathode 105 are grounded. When the igniter is powered on, one end of the semiconductor cyclone 109 is in contact with the cathode 105, and the other end of the semiconductor cyclone 109 is in contact with the anode 107, so that the voltage of the two ends of the semiconductor cyclone 109 is increased, the semiconductor cyclone 109 is positioned at a gap between the cathode 105 and the anode 107, and a flashover phenomenon randomly occurs during ignition, so that an arc striking effect is generated, and the cathode 105 and the anode 107 start to strike an arc from the flashover position. At the same time of the arc starting, the external bleed air is led through the external bleed air pipe 103, and the bleed air enters the air inlet channel 112 between the shell 102 and the cathode 105 through the external bleed air pipe 103, then enters the air inlet hole 110, and then enters the air flow channel 108 for ignition to form a sliding arc, and the sliding arc slides in the jet hole 101 under the pneumatic action, so that finally a sliding arc excitation output is formed.

Aiming at the problem of difficult power supply design caused by large impedance change in the working process of the traditional sliding arc igniter, the invention provides a low-voltage sliding arc igniter of a cyclone semiconductor. The igniter is introduced with a semiconductor arcing device based on the traditional sliding arc igniter, and the problem that the traditional sliding arc igniter needs high-voltage breakdown is solved by utilizing the low-voltage arcing characteristic of the semiconductor. By virtue of the unique advantages of the semiconductor device, the requirements on the power supply design are reduced, the engineering practicability is improved, and the volume and the weight of the power supply system are further reduced.

Claims (10)

1. The low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on the cyclone semiconductor is characterized by comprising a jet hole (101), a shell (102), an external gas guide pipe (103), mounting threads (104), a cathode (105), an insulator (106), an anode (107), a gas flow channel (108), a semiconductor cyclone (109), a gas inlet hole (110), a positioning step (111) and a gas inlet channel (112); wherein the method comprises the steps of

The shell (102) is integrally hollow and cylindrical, and is provided with an upper end face, and a hole is punched in the center of the end face; an internal thread is arranged at the lower end of the interior of the shell (102), and the internal thread is matched and fixed with the mounting thread (104);

the external air guide pipe (103) is fixedly connected with the shell (102) from the lower part of the shell (102) and the position close to the upper part of the internal thread of the shell (102), the external air guide pipe (103) is not contacted with the internal thread of the shell (102), and the external air guide pipe (103) is obliquely inserted into the shell (102) from bottom to top; the shell (102) is provided with a through hole at the introduction position of the external gas-guiding pipe (103) for introducing external gas through the external gas-guiding pipe (103);

the cathode (105) is a hollow cylinder, the two ends of the head and the tail are open, the outside of the cathode (105) is in a cylinder shape, and a gap is reserved between the outer wall surface of the cathode (105) and the inner wall surface of the shell (102) along the circumferential direction to form an air inlet channel (112); the inner cavity of the cathode (105) is divided into a head section, a middle section and a tail section, the inner cavity of the head of the cathode (105) is gradually folded towards the outlet of the head, and the radius is gradually reduced; the diameter of the middle part of the inner cavity of the cathode (105) is smaller than the diameter of the tail part, and a step is naturally formed in the middle; a positioning step (111) is processed at the tail part inside the cathode (105) and is used for clamping the insulator (106), and the lower end surface of the positioning step (111) is kept at a certain distance from the lower end surface of the cathode (105);

the through hole of the inner cavity of the cathode (105) close to the head part and the through hole of the head part of the shell (102) form a jet hole (101) together;

machining a mounting thread (104) on the tail part outside the cathode (105); the mounting screw thread (104) is positioned below the air inlet hole (110) and keeps a certain distance from the air inlet hole (110);

an upper air inlet hole and a lower air inlet hole (110) are arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the cathode (105) near the head, each air inlet hole comprises a plurality of air inlet holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the air inlet holes are through holes penetrating through the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the cathode (105), and the air inlet holes (110) are communicated with an air inlet channel (112), an air flow channel (108) and jet holes (101);

the insulator (106) is a hollow structure body positioned between the cathode (105) and the anode (107) and has a rotationally symmetrical structure around the axis of the igniter; the outer wall of the insulator (106) is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section of cylinder structure, and the diameters of the cylinder structures are sequentially increased from top to bottom; the outer wall surface of the upper section cylinder is kept at a certain distance from the inner wall surface of the cathode (105); the adjacent parts of the middle section cylinder and the upper section cylinder are outwards protruded to form a boss, and the boss is positioned below the two groups of air inlets (110) and is in interference fit with the inner wall surface of the middle part of the inner cavity of the cathode (105); the step formed at the junction of the middle section cylinder and the lower section cylinder is just corresponding to the step formed between the middle part and the tail part of the cathode (105), so that the lower section cylinder is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the cathode (105); the inner cavity of the insulator (106) forms two hollow cylinder structures with different diameters, the diameter of the upper hollow cylinder is smaller than that of the lower hollow cylinder structure, and the upper hollow cylinder and the lower hollow cylinder form a through hole together; the upper end face of the insulator (106) is kept at a certain distance from the upper end face of the cathode (105), and the upper end face of the insulator (106) is lower than the upper end face of the cathode (105); the lower end surface of the insulator (106) is flush with the upper end surface of the positioning step (111);

the anode (107) is formed by integrating a hemispherical discharge end, a thin solid cylinder and a thick solid cylinder; the head part is a hemispherical discharge end, protrudes upwards from the upper end surface of the insulator (106) and is arranged close to the jet hole (101); below the head is a thin solid cylinder with the diameter equal to the diameter of the hemispherical head; a thick solid cylinder is arranged below the thin solid cylinder, and the diameter of the thick solid cylinder is larger than that of the thin solid cylinder; the hemispherical discharge end of the anode (107) and the thick and thin solid cylinder long rod are inserted into the large hole at the lower part of the insulator (106) from bottom to top, and pass through the hole to enter the small hole at the upper part of the insulator (106); a gap is reserved between the head hemispherical discharge end of the anode (107) and the cathode (105) in the radial direction; the outer wall surface of the anode (107) and the outer wall surface of the insulator (106) are connected in a smooth manner; the gas flow channel formed between the anode (107) and the cathode (105), and the gas flow channel formed between the insulator (106) and the cathode (105) together form a gas flow channel (108);

the semiconductor cyclone (109) is composed of a hollow cylinder and a plurality of fan-shaped blades which are fixed outside the hollow cylinder and uniformly distributed along the radial direction, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder is equal to the outer diameter of the thin solid cylinder of the anode (107), the semiconductor cyclone (109) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall surface of the anode (107) through the hollow cylinder, and is embedded between the cathode (105) and the hemispherical head of the anode (107), and the semiconductor cyclone is axially positioned at the upper end position of the insulator (106) but is not contacted with the insulator (106); the semiconductor cyclone (109) shields only a small part of the airflow channel (108).

2. The low voltage sliding arc igniter based on a cyclone semiconductor of claim 1 wherein the number of a set of air inlet holes (110) is 3-6; the diameter of the air inlet hole (110) is 1-5 mm; the distance between the first group of air inlets (110) and the end face of the head of the igniter is 15-40 mm; the distance between the second group of air inlets (110) and the end face of the head of the igniter is 30-60 mm; the distance between the mounting screw thread (104) and the air inlet hole (110) is 60-180 mm.

3. The low voltage, sliding arc igniter based on a swirl semiconductor of claim 2 wherein the number of air inlet holes (110) in a set is 4; the diameter of the air inlet hole (110) is 2mm; the distance between the first group of air inlet holes (110) and the end face of the head part of the igniter is 20mm; the distance between the second group of air inlet holes (110) and the end face of the head of the igniter is 35mm; the distance between the mounting screw thread (104) and the air inlet hole (110) is 80mm.

4. The low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on the cyclone semiconductor according to claim 1, wherein the upper end surface of the insulator (106) is 10-40 mm away from the upper end surface of the cathode (105), and the outer diameter of the insulator (106) is 5-25 mm; the diameter of the hollow cylinder above the insulator (106) is 1-7 mm; the diameter of the hollow cylinder at the lower part is 4-15 mm.

5. The low-voltage sliding arc igniter based on cyclone semiconductor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper end surface of the insulator (106) is 25mm from the upper end surface of the cathode (105), and the insulator (106) is made of aluminum oxide ceramic; the diameter of the hollow cylinder above the insulator (106) is 4mm; the diameter of the lower hollow cylinder is 9mm.

6. The low voltage sliding arc igniter based on the cyclone semiconductor according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hemispherical head of the anode (107) is 1-8 mm, and the maximum radial length of the bottom long rod is 4-10 mm; the gap between the head hemispherical discharge end of the anode (107) and the cathode (105) in the radial direction is 0.5-3 mm.

7. A low voltage sliding arc igniter based on a swirl semiconductor according to claim 6 wherein the anode (107) is machined from nickel alloy with a head hemisphere diameter of 4mm and a bottom long bar maximum radial length of 7mm; the gap between the head hemispherical discharge end of the anode (107) and the cathode (105) in the radial direction is 1.5mm.

8. A low voltage sliding arc igniter based on a swirl semiconductor as defined in claim 1,

the outer diameter of the shell (102) is 20-30 mm; the inclination angle range of the external air suction pipe (103) is 15-80 degrees; the inner diameter of the external air guide pipe (103) is 5-15 mm;

a flange is arranged at the external gas-introducing pipe (103), and the flange is coaxial with the igniter;

the diameter of the jet hole (101) is 6-12 mm;

the tail end face of the positioning step (111) from the inside of the cathode (105) is 2-5mm.

9. The low voltage, spiral-flow semiconductor-based sliding arc igniter of claim 8,

the outer diameter of the shell (102) is 25mm; the inclination angle of the external air suction pipe (103) is 60 degrees; the inner diameter of the external air guide pipe (103) is 6mm;

the center angle of the gas flow channel (108) is not more than 10 degrees, and the semiconductor cyclone (109) is made of ceramics with semiconductor characteristics;

the diameter of the jet hole (101) is 8mm;

the positioning step (111) is 3mm away from the tail end face inside the cathode (105).

10. The low voltage, swirl semiconductor-based sliding arc igniter of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the igniter operates as follows: the high voltage provided by the power supply system is connected with an anode (107) of the igniter through a cable, and the grounding end of the power supply system and the cathode (105) are grounded; when the power is on, one end of the igniter semiconductor cyclone (109) is contacted with the cathode (105), and the other end of the igniter semiconductor cyclone is contacted with the anode (107), so that the voltage at two ends of the igniter semiconductor cyclone is increased, the semiconductor cyclone (109) is positioned at a gap position between the cathode (105) and the anode (107), and as the voltage between the two ends of the cathode (105) and the anode (107) is increased, a flashover phenomenon randomly occurs due to the low resistance characteristic of a semiconductor, so that an arc striking effect is generated, and the cathode (105) and the anode (107) start to strike an arc from the flashover position; at the same time of arcing, external air bleed is carried out through an external air bleed pipe (103), the air bleed enters an air inlet channel (112) between the shell (102) and the cathode (105) through the external air bleed pipe (103), then enters an air inlet hole (110) and then enters an air flow channel (108) for ignition, a sliding arc is formed, the sliding arc slides in the jet hole (101) under the pneumatic action, and finally, a sliding arc excitation output is formed.