CN111120112B - Multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on combustion chamber secondary flow and ignition method - Google Patents
Multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on combustion chamber secondary flow and ignition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111120112B CN111120112B CN201911272687.3A CN201911272687A CN111120112B CN 111120112 B CN111120112 B CN 111120112B CN 201911272687 A CN201911272687 A CN 201911272687A CN 111120112 B CN111120112 B CN 111120112B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/264—Ignition
- F02C7/266—Electric
Abstract
The utility model provides a many positive poles sliding arc plasma body ignition ware based on combustor secondary flow is characterized in that, by negative pole (101), insulator (102), positive pole (103), jet hole (104), inlet port (107) are constituteed. Compared with the existing sliding arc plasma igniter, the 'igniter' changes the original number of anodes, utilizes the pressure difference between the secondary flow of the combustion chamber and the flame tube to drive the sliding arc to discharge, can generate a plurality of sliding arcs in the same time by matching with a certain ignition power supply, has simple structure, effectively improves the energy utilization rate of the power supply, increases the contact area of the plasma and the oil-gas mixture, increases the size of an initial fire core, and effectively improves the ignition capability of the sliding arc plasma igniter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design of aero-engine combustion chambers, and particularly relates to a multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on secondary flow of a combustion chamber and an ignition method, which are suitable for reliable ignition in the aero-engine combustion chamber under high altitude extreme conditions.
Background
Aircraft engines, as the "heart" of the aircraft, have a significant impact on aircraft performance. The combustion chamber is a power source of an aircraft engine and is one of key core components, and the ignition performance of the combustion chamber not only determines the working range of the combustion chamber, but also has important influence on other performances of the combustion chamber. The high-altitude starting performance of the engine is listed as one of main performance indexes of the engine. The success rate of ignition will be directly related to the safe and reliable operation of the entire aircraft engine and even to the safety of the entire aircraft. At present, the aeroengine mainly adopts a high-energy ignition electric nozzle, which has the advantages of simple structure and strong reliability, but has certain defects of high-altitude ignition performance. The ignition height of the igniter refers to the maximum height of the igniter which can be ignited after the engine is flamed out at high altitude, and is an important index of the ignition performance of the igniter. The ignition height of the existing high-energy igniter is only 8-9 km, and the ignition height can reach 12-13 km after oxygen supplement measures are taken. Obviously, this index is much smaller than the flight height of a fighter.
At present, plasmas based on sliding arcs have great potential in high-altitude ignition due to the advantages of large ignition energy and strong molecular activity. However, the sliding arc plasma igniter designed at present is of a single arc structure, and only one sliding arc acts on a gas mixing area at one moment.
In order to improve the ignition action area of the sliding arc, enhance the ignition energy and further improve the high-altitude ignition capability of the sliding arc plasma igniter, a sliding arc plasma igniter with a multi-arc structure is necessary to be designed. In addition, in order to simplify the structure, an air source system required by the sliding arc is removed, the air source system is combined with the structural depth of the combustion chamber, and an air source is formed by utilizing the secondary flow passage of the combustion chamber and the internal pressure difference of the flame tube to drive the sliding arc to generate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the reliability of high-altitude secondary ignition of an aeroengine and overcome the defects of the conventional single-arc sliding arc plasma igniter, the invention provides a multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on secondary flow of a combustion chamber, which is characterized by consisting of a cathode 101, an insulator 102, an anode 103, a jet hole 104 and an air inlet 107, wherein:
the igniter cathode 101 is also a shell part of the igniter and is integrally a cylinder with a hole in the middle, and an insulator 102 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the hole of the igniter cathode 101; one or more penetrating air inlets 107 are processed on the outer side of the shell of the igniter cathode 101 along the circumferential direction;
the base body of the insulator 102 is a hollow cylinder, and a plurality of electrode mounting holes or a plurality of electrode mounting grooves extending along the axial direction of the igniter cathode 101 are uniformly processed in the circumferential direction inside the insulator 102 and are used for fixedly mounting the anode 103;
the anode 103 is composed of a plurality of long strip metal electrodes, and is uniformly arranged in an electrode mounting hole or a groove of the insulator 102 along the edge circumference of the insulator 102, after the anode 103 is mounted, the length direction of the anode 103 is parallel to the axial direction of the igniter cathode 101, and a radial gap is left between the anode 103 and the igniter cathode 101, so that the gap is used for igniting a sliding arc on one hand and providing a passage for air flow circulation on the other hand while insulation is ensured; the rest part of the anode 103 is wrapped by the insulator 102 except that the discharge end at the front end of the anode 103 is exposed at the front end of the insulator 102;
the jet hole 104 is an axial non-through hole processed in the middle of the igniter cathode 101, into which the insulator 102 is inserted, the jet hole 104 being communicated with the inlet hole 107;
the air inlet holes 107 are one or more through holes punched in the middle of the igniter cathode 101, the punching axis direction is perpendicular to the axis of the igniter cathode 101 and is used for providing an air source for the sliding arc, the distance between the air inlet holes 107 and the end face of the igniter head needs to be determined according to the matched combustion chamber structure, secondary flow in the combustion chamber can enter the jet hole 104 through the air inlet holes 107, and then the electric arc is driven to slide to form sliding arc plasma.
In one embodiment of the present invention,
the positioning step 105 is positioned on the outer side of the igniter cathode 101, is integrally formed with the igniter cathode 101 and is used for accurately positioning the distance from the igniter head to the wall surface of the combustion chamber;
machining a combustion chamber mounting thread 108 and an ignition cable mounting thread 106 on the outer part of the igniter cathode 101, wherein the combustion chamber mounting thread 108 and the ignition cable mounting thread 106 are respectively positioned at the middle rear part and the bottom part of the outer wall of the igniter and are separated by a positioning step 105; wherein the ignition cable mounting threads 106 are located at the bottom of the igniter, the dimensions being determined by the cable connector to which it is connected, for securing the igniter and ignition cable; the combustion chamber mounting threads 108 are located forward of the locating step 105 and are sized according to the combustion chamber mounting interface to which they are mounted for securing the igniter to the combustion chamber wall.
In another embodiment of the invention, the igniter cathode 101 is made of high temperature resistant metal material, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is 14-20 mm; the insulator 102 is made of insulating ceramics, the outer diameter of a cylinder of the insulator is 8-14 mm, the insulator is fixedly connected with the internal thread at the bottom of the inner wall of the igniter cathode 101 through the external thread at the bottom of the outer wall of the insulator, a plurality of electrode mounting holes or mounting grooves are uniformly processed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the insulator 102, the hole diameter is 0.5-2 mm, and the groove width is 0.5-1 mm; the anode 103 is composed of a plurality of metal electrodes, and is made of high-temperature-resistant metal materials, and the radial gap between the anode 103 and the cathode 101 is 0.5-2 mm; the diameter of the jet hole 104 is 7-12 mm; the diameter of the air inlet hole 107 is 2-6 mm, and the distance from the end face of the igniter head is 50-100 mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, igniter cathode 101 is machined from a nickel alloy with a cylindrical outer diameter of 16 mm; the insulator 102 is made of alumina ceramic, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 8mm, 4 electrode mounting holes are formed, and the diameter of each hole is 1 mm; the anode 103 consists of 4 metal electrodes processed by nickel alloy, and the radial gap between the anode 103 and the cathode 101 is 1 mm; the diameter of the jet hole 104 is 10 mm; the four air inlet holes 107 have the hole diameter of 5mm and the distance from the end face of the igniter head of 50 mm.
The multi-anode sliding arc plasma ignition method based on the secondary flow of the combustion chamber is also provided, and is characterized in that after the ignition method is connected with an ignition power supply through an ignition cable, air between a cathode 101 and an anode 103 is broken down through applying pulse high voltage to form a plasma channel; the secondary flow of the combustion chamber enters the jet hole 104 through the air inlet hole 107 and acts on the cathode and the anode to discharge to form a plasma channel; the plasma channel is ejected from the jet hole under the action of the jet flow so as to form a plasma jet flow.
Compared with the existing sliding arc plasma igniter, the 'igniter' changes the original number of anodes, utilizes the pressure difference between the secondary flow of the combustion chamber and the flame tube to drive the sliding arc to discharge, can generate a plurality of sliding arcs in the same time by matching with a certain ignition power supply, has simple structure, effectively improves the energy utilization rate of the power supply, increases the contact area of the plasma and the oil-gas mixture, increases the size of an initial fire core, and effectively improves the ignition capability of the sliding arc plasma igniter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combustor secondary flow based multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter configuration of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1(a) is a three-dimensional perspective view of the igniter, FIG. 1(b) is a front view, and FIG. 1 (c) is a cross-sectional view;
reference numerals:
101-a cathode, which is a cathode,
102-an insulator body which is provided with a plurality of holes,
103-an anode of the cathode,
104-a jet hole,
105-a positioning step,
106-ignition cable mounting screw thread,
107-inlet hole
108-Combustion Chamber mounting screw
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to figure 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the igniter is composed of a cathode 101, an insulator 102, an anode 103, a jet hole 104, a positioning step 105, ignition cable mounting screw threads 106, an air intake hole 107, combustion chamber mounting screw threads 108, wherein:
the igniter cathode 101 is also a shell part of the igniter and is integrally a cylinder with a hole in the middle, and the bottom of the inner wall of the hole of the igniter cathode 101 is provided with internal threads for fixing the insulator 102. Four penetrating type air inlet holes 107 are processed at the middle position of the outer side of the shell of the igniter cathode 101 at uniform intervals along the circumferential direction. The insulator 102 has a hollow cylindrical body, a thread is formed at the bottom for fixedly connecting with the igniter cathode 101, and for example, 4 electrode mounting holes (or electrode mounting grooves extending along the axial direction of the igniter cathode 101) are uniformly formed in the insulator 102 in the circumferential direction for fixedly mounting the anode 103. The anode 103 is composed of 4 long metal electrodes, and is uniformly installed in the electrode installation hole of the insulator 102 along the edge circumference of the insulator 102, after installation, the length direction of the 4 anodes 103 is parallel to the axial direction of the igniter cathode 101, and a certain gap is left between the anode 103 and the igniter cathode 101, and the gap is used for igniting a sliding arc on one hand and providing a passage for air flow circulation on the other hand while insulation is ensured; the remaining portion of the anode 103 is covered with the insulator 102 except that the discharge end of the front end of the anode 103 is exposed at the front end of the insulator 102. The orifice 104 is an axial non-through hole formed in the middle of the igniter cathode 101, into which the insulator 102 is inserted, and the orifice 104 communicates with the gas inlet hole 107. The positioning step 105 is positioned on the outer side of the igniter cathode 101, is integrally formed with the igniter cathode 101 and is used for accurately positioning the distance from the igniter head to the wall surface of the combustion chamber; for example, the shape of a hexagonal prism. A combustion chamber mounting thread 108 and an ignition cable mounting thread 106 are formed on the outside of the igniter cathode 101, and the combustion chamber mounting thread 108 and the ignition cable mounting thread 106 are respectively formed in the outer wall of the igniter at the rear and bottom portions thereof, which are spaced apart by a positioning step 105. Where the ignition cable mounting threads 106 are located at the bottom of the igniter and are sized for attachment of the igniter to the ignition cable by the cable connector to which it is attached. The air inlet hole 107 is one or more through holes punched in the middle of the igniter cathode 101, the direction of the punching axis is perpendicular to the axis of the igniter cathode 101 and is used for providing an air source for the sliding arc, a plane determined by four symmetry axes of the air inlet hole 107 is perpendicular to the central axis of the insulator 102 (and the igniter cathode 101) before the combustion chamber is provided with threads 108, the distance between the air inlet hole 107 and the end face of the igniter head needs to be determined according to the matched combustion chamber structure, the secondary flow of the combustion chamber can enter the jet hole 104 through the air inlet hole 107, and then the electric arc is driven to slide to form the sliding arc plasma. The combustion chamber mounting threads 108 are located forward of the locating step 105 and are sized according to the combustion chamber mounting interface to which they are mounted for securing the igniter to the combustion chamber wall.
In one embodiment of the invention, the igniter cathode 101 is made of high-temperature resistant metal material, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is 14-20 mm; the insulator 102 is made of insulating ceramic, the outer diameter of a cylinder of the insulator is 8-14 mm, the insulator is fixedly connected with the inner thread at the bottom of the inner wall of the cathode through the outer thread at the bottom of the outer wall of the insulator, a plurality of electrode mounting holes are uniformly machined along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the insulator 102, and the diameter of each hole is 0.5-2 mm; the anode 103 is made of a plurality of metal electrodes, is made of high-temperature-resistant metal materials, is uniformly embedded in the inner wall of the insulator 102 in an annular mode along the circumferential direction of the edge of the insulator, except that the discharge end of the top of the anode 103 is exposed out of the top of the insulator 102, the rest part of the anode 103 is wrapped by the insulator 102, and a certain radial gap is reserved between the anode 103 and the cathode 101 and is 0.5-2 mm; the jet hole 104 is a non-through hole, has a diameter of 7-12 mm and is communicated with the air inlet hole 107; the shape of the positioning step 105 is not limited to a hexagonal shape, and a circular ring shape can be adopted; ignition cable mounting threads 106 such as a standard ignition cable interface of M18; the diameter of the air inlet hole 107 is 2-6 mm, and the distance between the air inlet hole and the end face of the igniter head is 50-100 mm; the combustor mounting threads 108 are, for example, M18 in size.
In one embodiment of the invention, igniter cathode 101 is machined from a nickel alloy with a cylindrical outer diameter of 16 mm; the insulator 102 is made of alumina ceramic, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 8mm, a plurality of electrode mounting holes are uniformly machined along the circumferential direction of the inner wall, and the diameter of each hole is 1 mm; the anode 103 is composed of a plurality of metal electrodes processed by nickel alloy, and the radial gap distance between the discharge anode 103 and the cathode 101 is 1 mm; the diameter of the jet hole 104 is 10 mm; the positioning step 105 is hexagonal; ignition cable mounting threads 106 are a standard ignition cable interface of M18; the diameter of the air inlet hole 107 is 5mm, and the distance between the air inlet hole and the end face of the igniter head is 50 mm; the combustion chamber mounting threads 108 have a dimension M18.
The igniter works as follows, when connected with an ignition power supply through an ignition cable, a plasma channel is formed by breaking down air between the cathode 101 and the anode 103 by applying a pulsed high voltage. The secondary flow of the combustion chamber enters the jet hole 104 through the air inlet hole 107, and acts on the cathode and the anode to discharge to form a plasma channel. The plasma channel is ejected from the jet hole under the action of jet flow so as to form plasma jet flow.
The multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on the secondary flow of the combustion chamber is mainly characterized by the number of anodes. Compared with the existing sliding arc plasma igniter, the traditional single anode is changed into a multi-anode structure by the igniter, when a certain driving power supply is matched, a plasma discharge channel is generated between each anode and each cathode, and secondary flow of a combustion chamber introduced through the air inlet hole acts on the plasma discharge channel, so that a jet flow driven multi-channel sliding arc structure can be generated.
Compared with the existing sliding arc plasma igniter, the 'igniter' has the following remarkable technical advantages: through increasing the discharge passage, increased the slip arc and acted on the region, can effectively increase the nuclear size of a fire and ignition energy, consequently the ignition ability is stronger.
Claims (5)
1. Multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on secondary flow of combustion chamber is characterized by consisting of cathode (101), insulator (102), anode (103), jet hole (104) and air inlet hole (107), wherein:
the igniter cathode (101) is also a shell part of the igniter and is integrally a cylinder with a hole in the middle, and an insulator (102) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the hole of the igniter cathode (101); one or more penetrating air inlet holes (107) are machined on the outer side of the shell of the igniter cathode (101) along the circumferential direction;
the base body of the insulator (102) is a hollow cylinder, a plurality of electrode mounting holes are uniformly machined in the circumferential direction in the insulator (102) or a plurality of electrode mounting grooves axially extend along the cathode (101) of the igniter, and the insulator is used for fixedly mounting the anode (103);
the anode (103) is composed of a plurality of long strip metal electrodes, and is uniformly arranged in an electrode mounting hole or a groove of the insulator (102) along the edge circumference of the insulator (102), after the anode (103) is mounted, the length direction of the anode (103) is parallel to the axial direction of the igniter cathode (101), and a radial gap is left between the anode (103) and the igniter cathode (101), so that the gap is used for igniting a sliding arc on one hand and providing a passage for air flow circulation on the other hand while insulation is ensured; except that the discharge end at the front end of the anode (103) is exposed at the front end of the insulator (102), the rest part of the anode (103) is wrapped by the insulator (102);
the jet hole (104) is an axial non-through hole processed in the middle of the igniter cathode (101), the insulator (102) is inserted into the axial non-through hole, and the jet hole (104) is communicated with the air inlet hole (107);
the air inlet holes (107) are one or more through holes punched in the middle of the igniter cathode (101), the punching axis direction is perpendicular to the axis of the igniter cathode (101) and is used for providing an air source for the sliding arc, the distance between the air inlet holes (107) and the end face of the igniter head needs to be determined according to the matched combustion chamber structure, secondary flow in the combustion chamber can enter the jet hole (104) through the air inlet holes (107), and then the electric arc is driven to slide to form sliding arc plasma.
2. The multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter of claim 1 wherein the igniter includes a locating step (105), a combustion chamber mounting thread (108), and an ignition cable mounting thread (106), and wherein
The positioning step (105) is positioned on the outer side of the igniter cathode (101), is integrally formed with the igniter cathode (101) and is used for accurately positioning the distance from the igniter head to the wall surface of the combustion chamber;
processing a combustion chamber mounting thread (108) and an ignition cable mounting thread (106) outside an igniter cathode (101), wherein the combustion chamber mounting thread (108) and the ignition cable mounting thread (106) are respectively positioned at the middle rear part and the bottom part of the outer wall of the igniter and are separated by a positioning step (105); wherein the ignition cable mounting thread (106) is located at the bottom of the igniter, the size being determined by the cable connector to which it is connected, for securing the igniter and the ignition cable; the combustion chamber mounting threads (108) are located forward of the locating step (105) and are sized according to the combustion chamber mounting interface to which they are mounted for securing the igniter to the combustion chamber wall.
3. The multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter according to claim 1, wherein the igniter cathode (101) is formed by processing a high temperature resistant metal material, and the outer diameter of a cylinder of the igniter is 14-20 mm; the insulator (102) is made of insulating ceramics, the outer diameter of a cylinder of the insulator is 8-14 mm, the insulator is fixedly connected with the internal thread at the bottom of the inner wall of the igniter cathode (101) through the external thread at the bottom of the outer wall of the insulator, a plurality of electrode mounting holes or mounting grooves are uniformly processed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the insulator (102), the hole diameter is 0.5-2 mm, and the groove width is 0.5-1 mm; the anode (103) is composed of a plurality of metal electrodes, and is made of high-temperature-resistant metal materials, and the radial gap between the anode (103) and the cathode (101) is 0.5-2 mm; the diameter of the jet hole (104) is 7-12 mm; the diameter of the air inlet hole (107) is 2-6 mm, and the distance between the air inlet hole and the end face of the igniter head is 50-100 mm.
4. The multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter of claim 3, wherein the igniter cathode (101) is machined from a nickel alloy and the cylindrical body has an outer diameter of 16 mm; the insulator (102) is made of alumina ceramic, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 8mm, 4 electrode mounting holes are formed, and the diameter of each hole is 1 mm; the anode (103) consists of 4 metal electrodes processed by nickel alloy, and the radial gap between the anode (103) and the cathode (101) is 1 mm; the diameter of the jet hole (104) is 10 mm; the four air inlet holes (107) have the hole diameter of 5mm and the distance from the end face of the igniter head of 50 mm.
5. Method for ignition of a multi-anode sliding arc plasma based on secondary flow in a combustion chamber, characterized in that it is based on a multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on secondary flow in a combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which, when connected to an ignition power supply by means of an ignition cable, forms a plasma channel by breaking down the air between the cathode (101) and the anode (103) by applying a pulsed high voltage; the secondary flow of the combustion chamber enters the jet hole (104) through the air inlet hole (107) and acts on the space between the cathode and the anode to discharge to form a plasma channel; the plasma channel is ejected from the jet hole under the action of the jet flow so as to form a plasma jet flow.
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| CN112443401B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-04-05 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Jet arc-striking type long-distance high-energy plasma igniter |
| CN113217196B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-20 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Self-air-entraining sliding arc plasma jet igniter of concave cavity flame stabilizer and ignition method |
| CN113464313B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-10-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Parallel type multipath sliding arc plasma igniter and scramjet engine |
| CN115614165A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-17 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Plasma flame stabilizing device for supersonic combustion of powdered fuel |
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