CN117759150B - Technical method for exploring and finding water in water quality complex area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geological exploration, and particularly discloses a technical method for exploring water in a water quality complex area; the invention is based on the water quality vertical distribution characteristics of successful exploration holes, and explores and constructs a semi-quantitative identification system between ground geophysical parameters and underground water quality through the measurement of the ground geophysical profile beside the exploration holes, so as to provide a front-stage judgment basis for searching water-containing intervals and well position layout of water quality basically meeting the local drinking standards of people and livestock in water-quality complex areas, and on the basis, a complete exploration water-finding technical process system of the water-quality complex areas is formed, and fresh water intervals underground water in the fresh water intervals is identified and extracted from chalky water-containing rock groups which are wholly salty water, so that an effective way is provided for solving the drinking water difficulties of people and livestock in water-poor areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a technical method for exploration of water in a water quality complex area.
Background
Not all lands are suitable for human survival, and in some northwest areas of China, mountainous areas are rich, rainfall is less, weather is drought, water resources are barren, especially fresh water resources are very deficient, and drinking water and economic development water which are used for survival by local masses are seriously in shortage.
In order to meet the water demand of people, drilling water from a chalky water-containing rock group is needed, but the distribution layer position and thickness variation of a fresh water layer in the chalky water-containing rock group are large, the water quality distribution is extremely complex, and the fresh water intake layer sections which basically meet the drinking standards of local people and livestock are difficult to effectively and accurately judge only by means of comprehensive analysis such as geology, hydrogeology and the like.
Before the construction of the water intake well, the large-thickness chalk-system water-bearing rock group of the water intake well section can be pre-judged by exploring the ground geophysical prospecting method, and the water intake water-bearing layer section which can be drunk by local people and livestock is reserved, so that a basis is provided for the selection of the water intake well construction section, and blindness of the water intake well construction and loss and waste possibly caused by blindly digging a well are reduced.
In the chinese patent with publication number CN116201536a, a method for water exploration and well setting in a magma rock hilly area is mentioned, which comprises the following steps: step 1: satellite image identification; step 2: geomechanical analysis; step 3: tracking and field evaluation; step 4: geophysical prospecting; step 5: and determining the well position. The invention adopts new technical means such as satellite image recognition and geomechanical analysis, combines conventional technical methods such as hydrogeological investigation, ground geophysical prospecting, hydrogeological drilling and the like, and creates a whole set of water finding and well fixing technical method which is easy to master and convenient to operate and is used for satellite image recognition, geological stress analysis, investigation and verification, fracture network detection, well position confirmation and well drilling and well formation aiming at main water storage structures such as fracture zones, lithology contact zones and the like, thereby forming a three-dimensional comprehensive water finding technical system from space to ground, plate to section, region to local area and ground to underground.
The inventor finds that the water-finding well-locating method disclosed in the application has defects in the actual use process, and the method disclosed by the application is used for determining the well location through satellite identification, geological analysis, field investigation, field judgment and geophysical exploration, and the well location determined through the external environment is likely to find the well, but the water quality of the well cannot be determined due to the influence of underground veins, so that the water quality of the detection well is uneven, the water use standard of people cannot be met, the waste well is too much to damage the landform, and a large amount of drilling resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technical method for exploring water in a water quality complex area so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a technical method for exploring water in a water quality complex area specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, establishing a water exploration and finding technical process, namely, based on the water quality vertical distribution characteristics of successful exploration holes, exploring and constructing a semi-quantitative identification system between ground geophysical parameters and underground water quality through the ground geophysical profile measurement beside the exploration holes, providing a front-stage judgment basis for searching water-containing intervals and well position layout of water quality basically meeting the drinking standards of local people and livestock in a water quality complex region, and forming a complete set of complete water exploration and finding technical process system of the water quality complex region on the basis;
S2, in a primary selection stage of the well site target area, determining water taking requirements, and carrying out primary selection of the well site target area according to hydrogeological conditions, lithology ancient geography and ground investigation;
S3, in a well position determining stage, carrying out CSAMT (continuous variable flow drilling) survey on the ground, judging whether a mineable fresh water layer is distributed according to a groundwater mineralization degree and apparent resistivity response relation model, if so, determining the well position, and if not, reselecting a target area, and returning to S2;
s4, in the accurate recognition stage of the water intake layer section, core taking, hydrological logging, soluble salt analysis and a Packer layering system test are carried out, and the water intake layer section is determined;
s5, in the stage of layered water taking and well formation, layered water stopping, layered water taking and well formation, water pumping test and water taking well submitting.
Preferably, the process of establishing the exploration water-finding technology in the step S1 can be divided into:
S6, collecting data, analyzing hydrogeological conditions of the chalky area, and drilling after the data are complete;
S7, analyzing stratum column, soluble salt, hydrographic logging, packer layering test and pumping test according to data acquired by drilling, and establishing vertical distribution of the drilling column and water quality;
S8, while S7 is carried out, CSAMT profile measurement is carried out beside the drilling hole, the formation resistivity is inverted, the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity is established, main influence parameters are determined, electric measurement is carried out by using a CSAMT method, electromagnetic field amplitude and phase data of different directions under different frequencies of an observation point are acquired by adjusting secondary field observation frequency, and the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity is determined by finally reflecting the distribution characteristics of the underground resistivity through data processing and inversion means:
wherein: c, mineralization degree of underground water;
t 0, the temperature of the large surface layer (DEG C), is the normal temperature zone temperature of the crust of the working area;
t t -the ground temperature gradient, usually taking a value of 0.03 ℃/m as a constant;
h—depth at the data point (m);
ρ—formation resistivity;
f-the formation factor, Is the formation porosity;
S9, identifying and checking the response relation in S8 through the drilling experimental data in S7, if the response relation is qualified, forming a CSAMT detection technology for detecting the mineralization degree of the underground water, if the response relation is unqualified, returning to S8, inverting the formation resistivity again, reconstructing the response relation, and optimizing the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity to obtain the following components:
wherein: c, mineralization degree of underground water;
t 0, the temperature of the large surface layer (DEG C), is the normal temperature zone temperature of the crust of the research area;
t t -the ground temperature gradient, usually taking a value of 0.03 ℃/m as a constant;
h-calculating the depth (m) of the interval;
ρ—formation resistivity;
-formation porosity;
S10, performing entity engineering verification to form an exploration water finding technology.
Preferably, the hydrogeologic condition in S6 includes meteorological, hydrographic, topographic, geomorphic, geological, stratigraphic lithology, aquifer spatial distribution, chalky water chemistry and water control of sedimentary facies.
Preferably, in the step S7, the borehole column-shaped and water quality vertical distribution analysis is used for determining that the well-known borehole soluble salt content is compared with the water quality of the Packer, the mineralization degree of the underground water in the layer section with high soluble salt content is higher, the soluble salt in the aquifer is dissolved in a large amount according to the dissolving and filtering action of the underground water, the soluble salt content is gradually reduced along with the time, when the soluble salt content in the aquifer is determined to be lower, the underground water moves smoothly, the water quality is better, and when the soluble salt content in the aquifer is higher, the underground water moves slowly, and the water quality is worse.
Preferably, the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the resistivity of the stratum is selected to correct the porosity and the temperature of the stratum, wherein,
The porosity determination method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination from in-zone sonic logging
Wherein: Δt-the measured acoustic time difference of pure sandstone, μs/m;
Deltat ma -rock skeleton acoustic time difference, mu s/m;
deltat f -the sonic time difference of the rock pore fluid, μs/m;
-pure sandstone porosity;
cp-compaction correction factor;
(2) The porosity of mudstone and sandy mudstone is 0.1-0.15, the porosity of fine sandstone and siltstone is 0.1-0.2, the porosity of medium sandstone is 0.2-0.3, and the porosity of coarse sandstone is 0.3-0.5;
the temperature parameters are determined according to the weather data and the geographical position of the drill hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention is based on the water quality vertical distribution characteristics of successful exploration holes, and explores and constructs a semi-quantitative identification system between ground geophysical parameters and underground water quality through the measurement of the ground geophysical profile beside the exploration holes, so as to provide a front-stage judgment basis for searching water-containing intervals and well position layout of water quality basically meeting the local drinking standards of people and livestock in water-quality complex areas, and on the basis, a complete exploration water-finding technical process system of the water-quality complex areas is formed, and fresh water intervals underground water in the fresh water intervals is identified and extracted from chalky water-containing rock groups which are wholly salty water, so that an effective way is provided for solving the drinking water difficulties of people and livestock in water-poor areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method flow of the exploration water-finding technique of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the electrical formation resistivity measurement data processing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the mineralization of the groundwater detected by the CSAMT of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of exploration and water-finding technology of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a general flow chart of the exploration water-finding technique method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
Referring to fig. 1-5, a technical method for exploring water in a water quality complex area specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, establishing a water exploration and finding technical process, namely, based on the water quality vertical distribution characteristics of successful exploration holes, exploring and constructing a semi-quantitative identification system between ground geophysical parameters and underground water quality through the ground geophysical profile measurement beside the exploration holes, providing a front-stage judgment basis for searching water-containing intervals and well position layout of water quality basically meeting the drinking standards of local people and livestock in a water quality complex region, and forming a complete set of complete water exploration and finding technical process system of the water quality complex region on the basis;
S2, in a primary selection stage of the well site target area, determining water taking requirements, and carrying out primary selection of the well site target area according to hydrogeological conditions, lithology ancient geography and ground investigation;
S3, in a well position determining stage, carrying out CSAMT (continuous variable flow drilling) survey on the ground, judging whether a mineable fresh water layer is distributed according to a groundwater mineralization degree and apparent resistivity response relation model, if so, determining the well position, and if not, reselecting a target area, and returning to S2;
s4, in the accurate recognition stage of the water intake layer section, core taking, hydrological logging, soluble salt analysis and a Packer layering system test are carried out, and the water intake layer section is determined;
s5, in the stage of layered water taking and well formation, layered water stopping, layered water taking and well formation, water pumping test and water taking well submitting.
According to the data such as the vertical distribution characteristics of the water quality of the existing exploration hole, the semi-quantitative identification system between the physical parameters of the ground geophysical prospecting and the underground water quality is explored and constructed by combining the ground geophysical prospecting section measurement beside the exploration hole, so that a whole set of complete exploration water-finding technical method flow system in the water quality complex area is formed, and then the exploration water-finding technical method is used for exploration drilling water in the water-poor area.
The process of establishing the exploration water-finding technology in the S1 can be divided into the following steps:
S6, collecting data, analyzing hydrogeological conditions of the chalky area, and drilling after the data are complete;
S7, analyzing stratum column, soluble salt, hydrographic logging, packer layering test and pumping test according to data acquired by drilling, and establishing vertical distribution of the drilling column and water quality;
S8, carrying out CSAMT profile measurement beside the drilling hole while carrying out S7, inverting the formation resistivity, establishing the response relation between the mineralization degree of underground water and the formation resistivity, and determining main influence parameters;
S9, identifying and checking the response relation in the S8 through the drilling experimental data in the S7, if the response relation is qualified, forming a CSAMT detection groundwater mineralization detection technology, if the response relation is not qualified, returning to the S8, inverting the formation resistivity again, and reconstructing the response relation;
S10, performing entity engineering verification to form an exploration water finding technology.
The hydrogeological conditions in S6 include meteorological, hydrographic, topographical, geomorphic, geological, stratigraphic lithology, aquifer spatial distribution, chalky water chemistry and water control of sedimentary facies.
Taking Wu-take and edge-fixing areas as examples, the method belongs to a middle latitude north temperate zone and a typical arid and semiarid season weather zone of continental arid. The general characteristics are that the precipitation is less and concentrated, the evaporation capacity is large, the humidity is low, the climate is dry, the south area is a loess plateau area, the altitude is between 1400 and 1700 meters, the general topography is North west high, southeast is low, west high and east low, the North area is a desert plateau area, the altitude is more 1300 to 1400 meters, and the topography is gradually inclined from west to east and from south to north.
Under the control of runoff conditions, inherent salt content and other dominant factors of the stratum, chalk-based groundwater has various types of upper and lower salty, upper and middle and lower salty and the like.
In the step S7, the vertical distribution analysis of the drilled hole column and the water quality is used for determining that the well-known drilling hole soluble salt content is compared with the water quality of a Packer, the mineralization degree of underground water in an interval with high soluble salt content is higher, a large amount of soluble salt in an aquifer is dissolved according to the dissolving and filtering action of the underground water, the soluble salt content is gradually reduced along with the time, when the soluble salt content in the aquifer is determined to be lower, the underground water moves smoothly, the water quality is better, and when the soluble salt content in the aquifer is higher, the underground water moves slowly, and the water quality is poorer.
The Packer test is to intercept an interval in the well drilling, seal the upper end and the lower end of the well drilling of the interval by using air bags or sealing elements, further isolate the water flow of the interval, put into a water outlet pipe from top to bottom, extract the water flow in the interval for use, achieve the purpose of taking water samples at fixed depth and in layers, and can also be used for continuously measuring the water heads and water temperatures of different water bearing layers at different depths in the hole, so that the water quality, supply, runoff and drainage of underground water can be accurately researched.
In the S8, the CSAMT method is used for electric measurement, a V8 networked multifunctional electric meter produced by Canada phoenix geophysical company can be selected, the electric meter comprises a V8 networked multifunctional receiver, an RXU-3ER electric channel acquisition station and a TXU-30 high-power transmitter, the maximum transmitting power is 30kw, the operation method is that the set point distance is 200 m, a section with the length of 800 m is distributed by taking a known well or a pseudo-well point as a midpoint, 5 measuring points are distributed on each section, measuring electrodes MN=200 m, the receiving and transmitting distance r=3.5-5 Km, the field source electrode distance AB=1.5-2 Km, scalar measurement is adopted, the Ex component and the Hy component of a magnetic field are observed, the Carnesia resistivity with different frequencies is calculated, the observation frequency range is determined to be 1 Hz-7679 Hz according to the test condition, the effective depth is 6-1000 m, the observation time of each measuring point is 40 minutes, the observation time is reflected by adjusting the observation point with the secondary field frequency, the amplitude and phase position under different frequency are acquired, the final characteristic of the data and the mineralization degree of the ground water is reflected, and the characteristic of the underground water mineralization resistivity is determined by inverting means:
wherein: c, mineralization degree of underground water;
t 0, the temperature of the large surface layer (DEG C), is the normal temperature zone temperature of the crust of the working area;
t t -the ground temperature gradient, usually taking a value of 0.03 ℃/m as a constant;
h—depth at the data point (m);
ρ—formation resistivity;
f-the formation factor, Is the formation porosity.
And the response relation between the mineralization of the underground water and the formation resistivity is selected to correct the formation porosity and the temperature, wherein,
Formation porosity has a significant impact on resistivity. The larger the rock porosity is, the conductivity of the rock is enhanced, and the rock resistivity is reduced; and if the porosity is small, the rock conductivity is poor and the rock resistivity is high. Therefore, the porosity plays an important role in obtaining the mineralization of the underground water by using the formation resistivity, the porosity is accurate and precise, the obtained mineralization is relatively precise, and the porosity determination method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination from in-zone sonic logging
Wherein: Δt-the measured acoustic time difference of pure sandstone, μs/m;
Deltat ma -rock skeleton acoustic time difference, mu s/m;
deltat f -the sonic time difference of the rock pore fluid, μs/m;
-pure sandstone porosity;
cp-compaction correction factor;
(2) The porosity of mudstone and sandy mudstone is 0.1-0.15, the porosity of fine sandstone and siltstone is 0.1-0.2, the porosity of medium sandstone is 0.2-0.3, and the porosity of coarse sandstone is 0.3-0.5;
the temperature parameters are determined according to the weather data and the geographical position of the drill hole.
And optimizing the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity to obtain:
wherein: c, mineralization degree of underground water;
t 0, the temperature of the large surface layer (DEG C), is the normal temperature zone temperature of the crust of the research area;
t t -the ground temperature gradient, usually taking a value of 0.03 ℃/m as a constant;
h-calculating the depth (m) of the interval;
ρ—formation resistivity;
-formation porosity.
The method establishes a relation response model between the formation resistivity serving as a main control factor, the formation porosity, the normal-temperature zone temperature and the ground temperature gradient serving as correction factors and the mineralization degree of the groundwater of the aquifer, and is well verified by combining with the existing investigation demonstration well.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The technical method for exploring water in the water quality complex area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, establishing a water exploration and finding technical process, namely, based on the water quality vertical distribution characteristics of successful exploration holes, exploring and constructing a semi-quantitative identification system between ground geophysical parameters and underground water quality through the ground geophysical profile measurement beside the exploration holes, providing a front-stage judgment basis for searching water-containing intervals and well position layout of water quality basically meeting the drinking standards of local people and livestock in a water quality complex region, and forming a complete set of complete water exploration and finding technical process system of the water quality complex region on the basis;
S2, in a primary selection stage of the well site target area, determining water taking requirements, and carrying out primary selection of the well site target area according to hydrogeological conditions, lithology ancient geography and ground investigation;
S3, in a well position determining stage, carrying out CSAMT (continuous variable flow drilling) survey on the ground, judging whether a mineable fresh water layer is distributed according to a groundwater mineralization degree and apparent resistivity response relation model, if so, determining the well position, and if not, reselecting a target area, and returning to S2;
s4, in the accurate recognition stage of the water intake layer section, core taking, hydrological logging, soluble salt analysis and a Packer layering system test are carried out, and the water intake layer section is determined;
S5, in a layered water-taking well-forming stage, stopping water in a layered manner, performing a layered water-taking well-forming, pumping a water test, and submitting the water-taking well;
the process of establishing the exploration water-finding technology in the S1 can be divided into the following steps:
S6, collecting data, analyzing hydrogeological conditions of the chalky area, and drilling after the data are complete;
S7, analyzing stratum column, soluble salt, hydrographic logging, packer layering test and pumping test according to data acquired by drilling, and establishing vertical distribution of the drilling column and water quality;
S8, while S7 is carried out, CSAMT profile measurement is carried out beside the drilling hole, the formation resistivity is inverted, the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity is established, main influence parameters are determined, electric measurement is carried out by using a CSAMT method, electromagnetic field amplitude and phase data of different directions under different frequencies of an observation point are acquired by adjusting secondary field observation frequency, and the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity is determined by finally reflecting the distribution characteristics of the underground resistivity through data processing and inversion means:
wherein: c, mineralization degree of underground water;
t 0, the temperature of the large surface layer (DEG C), is the normal temperature zone temperature of the crust of the working area;
t t -the ground temperature gradient, usually taking a value of 0.03 ℃/m as a constant;
h—depth at the data point (m);
ρ—formation resistivity;
f-the formation factor, Is the formation porosity;
S9, identifying and checking the response relation in S8 through the drilling experimental data in S7, if the response relation is qualified, forming a CSAMT detection technology for detecting the mineralization degree of the underground water, if the response relation is unqualified, returning to S8, inverting the formation resistivity again, reconstructing the response relation, and optimizing the response relation between the mineralization degree of the underground water and the formation resistivity to obtain the following components:
wherein: c, mineralization degree of underground water;
t 0, the temperature of the large surface layer (DEG C), is the normal temperature zone temperature of the crust of the research area;
t t -the ground temperature gradient, usually taking a value of 0.03 ℃/m as a constant;
h-calculating the depth (m) of the interval;
ρ—formation resistivity;
-formation porosity;
S10, performing entity engineering verification to form an exploration water finding technology.
2. The method for exploring water in a complex water quality area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogeological conditions in S6 include meteorological, hydrographic, topographical, geomorphic, geological, stratigraphic lithology, aquifer spatial distribution, chalky water chemistry and water control of sedimentary facies.
3. The method for exploring water in a complex water quality area according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S7, the vertical distribution analysis of the drilled hole column and the water quality is used for determining that the well-known drilling hole soluble salt content is compared with the water quality of a Packer, the mineralization degree of underground water in an interval with high soluble salt content is higher, a large amount of soluble salt in an aquifer is dissolved according to the dissolving and filtering action of the underground water, the soluble salt content is gradually reduced along with the time, when the soluble salt content in the aquifer is determined to be lower, the underground water moves smoothly, the water quality is better, and when the soluble salt content in the aquifer is higher, the underground water moves slowly, and the water quality is poorer.
4. A method for exploring water in a complex water quality area according to claim 3, wherein: and the response relation between the mineralization of the underground water and the formation resistivity is selected to correct the formation porosity and the temperature, wherein,
The porosity determination method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination from in-zone sonic logging
Wherein: Δt-the measured acoustic time difference of pure sandstone, μs/m;
Deltat ma -rock skeleton acoustic time difference, mu s/m;
deltat f -the sonic time difference of the rock pore fluid, μs/m;
-pure sandstone porosity;
cp-compaction correction factor;
(2) The porosity of mudstone and sandy mudstone is 0.1-0.15, the porosity of fine sandstone and siltstone is 0.1-0.2, the porosity of medium sandstone is 0.2-0.3, and the porosity of coarse sandstone is 0.3-0.5;
the temperature parameters are determined according to the weather data and the geographical position of the drill hole.
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| CN103343687B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-12-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院 | A kind of well-log information obtains the method for sandstone brine layer equivalence sodium chloride salinity |
| CN108019204B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2021-03-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Neutron-gamma gas layer identification method based on physical property and formation water mineralization correction |
| CN114086938B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2024-03-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for predicting gas saturation of heterogeneous sandstone reservoir |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 劣质地下水区地球物理勘查技术模式探讨;武毅;朱庆俊;李凤哲;李国占;;地震地质;20100915(第03期);500~505 * |
| 激电测深法在张家口某村庄地下水勘查中的应用;夏凡;;地下水;20140125(01);115~116 * |
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