CN1177558A - Universal propeller - Google Patents

Abstract

The universal thruster as power device for driving ship and boat is characterized by that 1. its thrust direction is perpendicular to the axis direction of its power shaft; and 2. according to the requirements operator can change thrust direction of said thruster at all times and places ,and the change of the thrust direction is implemented under the conditions of that the axis direction of its power shaft is not changed, and the rotation direction of said power shaft is also not changed. Because said invented universal thruster possesses said specific functions, it can make the ship or boat in which said invented thruster is used possess several specific functions.

Description

Universal propeller

Universal propeller is a kind of engine installation that boats and ships or naval vessels are advanced that promotes, and its basic characteristics and features are:

1, its thrust direction is perpendicular to the axis direction of its dynamical axis;

2, operating personal can be whenever and wherever possible according at that time needs, change the thrust direction of universal propeller, and the change of thrust direction is constant at the axis direction of dynamical axis, carries out under the rotation direction unmodified situation of dynamical axis.

Because universal propeller has above features, thereby use its naval vessel to have all extraordinary technical ability.

Universal propeller, the difference according to the axis direction of its dynamical axis can be divided into two kinds of horizontal shaft type and vertical axis.

The axis direction of the dynamical axis of horizontal shaft type universal propeller is the horizontal of hull, and the parallel axes of dynamical axis is in horizontal surface;

The axis normal of the dynamical axis of vertical axis universal propeller is in horizontal surface.

The horizontal shaft type universal propeller should be installed under the hull bottom of fore-body.

Fig. 1 is the lateral plan of horizontal shaft type universal propeller, and Fig. 2 is a front elevation.In Fig. 1, Fig. 2:

(1) is hull bottom;

(2) be the train case;

(9) be wheel disc;

(12) be blade.

Fig. 3 is the internal anatomy of horizontal shaft type universal propeller, and this figure is a first half of having peelled off train case shell, and each train supporter has been peelled off half, resulting diagram, in Fig. 3:

(1) is hull bottom;

(2) be the shell of train case, it is fixed under the hull bottom of fore-body;

(3) be the train supporter, its shape resembles like a pan, and " pot mouth " is buckled on the inwall of train case.Its effect is supporting wheel systems and blocks seawater.

(4), the integral body that constituted of (5), (6) is called power to hinge, wherein:

(4) be that power is to receiving gear;

(5) be that power is to axle;

(6) be that power is to gear.

Power can not relatively rotate to three component parts of hinge.Power is passed from the center of train supporter to axle, and power can be rotated on supporter to hinge, and two power are located on the same line to the axis of hinge.Power should be connected with corresponding mechanical drive medium mutually to receiving gear, thereby makes operating personal carry out control operation to power to hinge by the mechanical drive medium.

(7) be power gear;

(8) be dynamical axis;

(9) be wheel disc.

Power gear is fixed on the middle part of dynamical axis, and two wheel discs are separately fixed at the two ends of dynamical axis.Dynamical axis passes two power to hinge along power to the axis of hinge, and the axis of dynamical axis and power are located on the same line to the axis of hinge, and dynamical axis can rotate to hinge with respect to power.Power gear can drive wheel disc by dynamical axis and rotate.Power gear should be connected mutually with corresponding mechanical drive medium, thereby accepts the power by the driving engine generation.

(10) be blade gear;

(11) be sharf;

(12) be blade.

Blade gear is fixed on an end of sharf, and blade gear, sharf, blade three constitute an integral body, and this can not relatively rotate the three.Sharf passes wheel disc, and can rotate on wheel disc.

(13) be mesomerism gear, it is installed on the wheel disc, and can rotate on wheel disc.

Mesomerism gear is meshed to gear with power, is meshed with blade gear again simultaneously.The number of teeth of blade gear must be 2 to 1 with power to the ratio of the number of teeth of gear.

For the horizontal shaft type universal propeller, the number of blade of train case both sides should equate that each side will have two blades at least, and four blades promptly will be arranged altogether at least, and the blade on the same wheel disc should equal angles distribute.

If cook a tangent plane along power to the plane at gear, mesomerism gear and blade gear place, this tangent plane will be as shown in Figure 4 so, and the parts label among Fig. 4 is consistent with Fig. 3, can more clearly find out the meshing relation between each gear from Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 is another form of horizontal shaft type universal propeller wheel train structure, and the parts label among Fig. 5 is consistent with Fig. 3.In Fig. 5, mesomerism gear (13) is fixed mutually with mesomerism gear (14), forms an integral body, can not relatively rotate between the two, and gear (13) and gear (14) can rotate on wheel disc jointly.The character of other parts among Fig. 5 and the relation between the parts and Fig. 3 are corresponding to.In Fig. 5, power must strictly be observed following relational expression to the number of teeth of gear (6), mesomerism gear (13), mesomerism gear (14) and blade gear (10):

The vertical axis universal propeller should be installed in the rear portion of hull, and blade is positioned at the below of hull bottom.

Fig. 6 is the upward view of vertical axis universal propeller.Among the figure:

(9) be wheel disc;

(12) be blade;

Fig. 7 is the internal anatomy of vertical axis universal propeller.This figure cuts hull bottom open and the train supporter is peelled off half resulting diagram.Among the figure:

(1) is hull bottom;

(3) be the train supporter, its shape resembles like a pan, and " pot mouth " is buckled on the inboard of hull bottom, and its effect is supporting wheel systems and blocks seawater.

(4), the integral body that constituted of (5), (6) is called power to hinge, wherein:

(4) be that power is to receiving gear;

(5) be that power is to axle;

(6) be that power is to gear.

Power can not relatively rotate to three component parts of hinge.Power is passed from the center of train supporter to axle, and power can be rotated on supporter to hinge.Power should be connected with corresponding mechanical drive medium mutually to receiving gear, thereby makes operating personal carry out control operation to power to hinge by the mechanical drive medium.

(7) be power gear;

(8) be dynamical axis;

(9) be wheel disc.

Power gear is fixed on the top of dynamical axis, and wheel disc is fixed on the bottom of dynamical axis, and is in the same plane with hull bottom; Dynamical axis passes power to hinge along power to the axis of hinge; The axis of dynamical axis and power are located on the same line to the axis of hinge, and dynamical axis can rotate to hinge with respect to power; Power gear can drive wheel disc by dynamical axis and rotate; Power gear should be connected mutually with corresponding mechanical drive medium, thereby accepts the power by the driving engine generation.

(10) be blade gear;

(11) be sharf;

(12) be blade.

Blade gear is fixed on an end of sharf, and blade gear, sharf, blade three constitute an integral body, can not relatively rotate between the three.Sharf passes wheel disc, and can rotate on wheel disc.

(13) be mesomerism gear, it is installed on the wheel disc, and can rotate on wheel disc.

Mesomerism gear is meshed to gear with power, is meshed with blade gear again simultaneously.The number of teeth of blade gear must be 2 to 1 with power to the ratio of the number of teeth of gear.

The vertical axis universal propeller will have two blades at least, and blade should equal angles distribute on wheel disc.

If cook a tangent plane along power to the plane at gear, mesomerism gear and blade gear place, so, this tangent plane will be as shown in Figure 4, and in other words, Fig. 4 both had been suitable for the horizontal shaft type universal propeller, also was suitable for the vertical axis universal propeller.Parts label among Fig. 4 is consistent with Fig. 7.

Fig. 8 is another form of vertical axis universal propeller wheel train structure, and the parts label among Fig. 8 is consistent with Fig. 7.In Fig. 8, mesomerism gear (13) is fixed mutually with mesomerism gear (14), forms an integral body, can not relatively rotate between the two; Gear (13) and gear (14) can rotate on wheel disc jointly; The character of other parts among Fig. 8 and the relation between the parts and Fig. 7 are corresponding to.In Fig. 8, power to gear (6), mesomerism gear (13), mesomerism gear (14), and the number of teeth of blade gear (10) must strictly observe following relational expression;

The dynamical axis of vertical axis universal propeller can not be positioned on the center line of hull, between the axis of dynamical axis and the center line of hull certain distance should be arranged, and this is apart from the distance between the axis of axis that should be slightly larger than dynamical axis and sharf.Should be positioned at the left side or the right side of hull center line as for dynamical axis, this rotation direction with dynamical axis is relevant, see Fig. 9, Figure 10, this two width of cloth figure is a upward view, the sensing of arrow is the fore direction among the figure, and the straight line at arrow place is the center line of hull, the revolution track of the circle expression sharf among the figure, the center of circle is the position at dynamical axis axis place, and curved arrow is represented the rotation direction of dynamical axis.

According to the wheel train structure of universal propeller and the ratio of the gear number of teeth, can push away the running rule of demonstrate,proving out universal propeller: when power under the fixed situation of hinge, dynamical axis rotates the α angle, so, blade is when following wheel disc revolution α angle, and blade also rotation will take place.The angle of rotation is:

1, with respect to the external world, rotation α/2 angles;

2, with respect to wheel disc, rotation-α/2 angles.

If with the A among Figure 11 ₀As the dotted state that rises of universal propeller, and bed knife is motionless to hinge, and so, according to the running rule, we just can determine, after dynamical axis rotates any one angle, and the state that corresponding blade is occurred.A ₁, A ₂, A ₃, A ₄Be with A ₀State is a starting point, after dynamical axis rotates 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 ° by the direction shown in the curved arrow 1, and the state that blade occurred.

When the normal on plane, blade place paralleled with the tangent line of blade revolution, the phase place at blade place was called peak phase.As A ₀, A ₄In the state, the blade that is positioned at the below just is on the peak phase just.

From A ₀, A ₁, A ₂, A ₃, A ₄In each state as can be seen, when blade movement is on each phase place, from the antagonistic force of seawater to blade, can decomposite the thrust that direction is as shown in arrow 2, seawater to the thrust of blade certainly just blade to the thrust on carrier (general reference naval vessel).Blade can be determined with following rule the thrust direction of carrier: be in the blade of peak phase, the reversing sense of its revolution linear velocity direction is the thrust direction of blade to carrier.

Blade is to the size of the thrust of carrier, changes with the variation of the residing phase place of blade.The instant phase place of blade approaches peak phase, and blade is also just big more to the thrust of carrier, and when blade was in peak phase, its thrust to carrier reached maxim; Blade is away from peak phase, and its thrust to carrier is also just more little, and when 180 ° of blade pitch peak phases, its thrust is reduced to 0, as A ₀, A ₄In be positioned at the top blade.

According to the wheel train structure of universal propeller and the ratio of the gear number of teeth, can push away the rotation rule of demonstrate,proving out the universal propeller blade:

1, when dynamical axis maintains static, turning effort is to hinge β angle, and rotation just takes place blade thereupon so, and the direction of rotation is identical to the direction that hinge rotates with power, and the angle of rotation is β/2;

If 2 when dynamical axis rotates the α angle, power is rotated the β angle to hinge, and blade also rotation will take place when following wheel disc revolution α angle so, and the angle of rotation is (alpha+beta)/2.

If with the A among Figure 11 ₀The dotted state that rises as universal propeller, and under the fixed situation of dynamical axis, press the direction turning effort shown in the curved arrow 3 to 90 ° at hinge, just can learn according to the rotation rule of blade so, in power when hinge rotates, rotation will take place in blade thereupon, and the direction of rotation is identical to the direction that hinge rotates with power, and the angle of rotation is 45 °.

After finishing above rotation, the state of blade will be as B ₀Shown in.At this moment again with B ₀As the dotted state that rises of universal propeller, and bed knife is motionless to hinge, and dynamical axis is rotated by the direction shown in the curved arrow 4, so according to the running rule, we just can determine, after dynamical axis rotates any one angle, and the state that corresponding blade is occurred.B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄Be with B ₀State is a starting point, after dynamical axis rotates 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, and the state that blade occurred.Here, B ₂State inside is on the peak phase in the blade in the place ahead.

According to the thrust rule as can be known, this moment blade to the thrust direction of carrier with as shown in arrow 5.From then in the example as can be seen, power is rotated great angle to hinge, peak phase and thrust direction also just change great angle thereupon; Power maintains static to hinge, and peak phase and thrust direction also just immobilize.This is a thrust direction change rule.According to this rule, operating personal just can change the thrust direction of blade by turning effort to hinge, can be by operating effort to hinge, come whenever and wherever possible to obtain the thrust on needed any direction.

The horizontal shaft type universal propeller can also be given carrier with lift when the promotion carrier is advanced, make the major part of carrier lift away from the water surface, thereby reduces resistance, raising speed.

If when need run at high speed in the naval vessel, can make the thrust direction of blade point to the front upper place by operating effort correspondingly to hinge so, like this, the naval vessel is when advancing, and fore also will be held up, as shown in figure 12.Because fore is held up, thereby hull bottom is receded, and well imagine among advancing so on the naval vessel, from the application force of seawater to hull bottom, must decomposite the lift that a direction makes progress, this lift holds up the rear portion of hull, as shown in figure 13.Thereby make the major part of hull lift away from the water surface, thereby reduced resistance, improved speed.

When if the naval vessel does not need to run at high speed, so, in order to save energy consumption, can be by operating effort to hinge, the thrust direction that makes blade is the dead ahead, as shown in figure 14.The naval vessel just is in the state of saving energy consumption, low speed driving like this.

By operating effort to hinge, the thrust direction that can also make blade backward, thereby realize falling back or anxious the deceleration.

The naval vessel that the vertical axis universal propeller is installed is not need rudder, when needing to turn, only needs turning effort to hinge, changes the thrust direction of blade, just can realize turning.

When the naval vessel is straight when travelling, to hinge, the thrust direction of blade is got final product forward by control effort.As shown in figure 15, this figure is a upward view.

When the naval vessel needs right-hand corner, can make the thrust direction of blade point to the left front by operating effort to hinge, just can realize right-hand corner.This is because the vertical axis universal propeller is positioned at the rear portion of hull.Diagram when Figure 16 is the naval vessel right-hand corner.

When the naval vessel needs turnon left, can make the thrust direction of blade point to the right front by operating effort to hinge so, just can realize turnon left.As shown in figure 17.

If the thrust direction of blade is pointed to front-left or front-right, so under the situation about can also not advance on the naval vessel, realize flicker to or flicker to.

If the thrust direction that makes blade backward, can also realize so falling back or anxious the deceleration.

When the operating speed of dynamical axis was invariable, the mechanics parameter of universal propeller was followed following formula: ${F=F}_0{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="cos"\; filenames="A9611156300141.png,A9611156300171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}}^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ $.....\left(1\right)$ $F_1=F_0{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="cos"\; filenames="A9611156300171.png,A9611156300191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}}^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}.....\left(2\right)$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A9611156300141.png,A9611156300171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2=F_0{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="cos"\; filenames="A9611156300171.png,A9611156300191.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}}^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}.....\left(3\right)$

F ₁＝0.4244F ₀。(4)

F ₂＝0.4244F ₀ (5)

Above various in:

F ₀When-blade was in peak phase, seawater was to the antagonistic force of blade, and the direction of this power is perpendicular to the plane at the blade place that is in peak phase;

The instant phase place of α-blade and the phase difference between the peak phase (0 °≤α≤180 °);

F-seawater is to the instant antagonistic force of blade, and the direction of this power is perpendicular to the plane at blade place;

F ₁-seawater is to the instant resistance of blade, and the direction of this power is opposite with the revolution linear velocity direction of blade;

F ₂-seawater is to the instant effective thrust of blade (also being that blade is to carrier);

F ₁-mean drag;

F ₂-average effective thrust.

The proof of formula is as follows:

In Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 21:

The position of O-dynamical axis axis;

The position of the axis of the sharf of P-be in peak phase;

The position of the axis of the sharf of certain instant phase place of Q-be in;

Line segment AB-blade;

α among the figure, F, F ₁, F ₂Four existing illustrated in front;

Curved arrow among the figure is represented the rotation direction of dynamical axis.Proof at Figure 18: ∵ ∠ POQ=α just has according to the running rule so:

According to the thrust rule as can be known: ∠ OEQ=90 ° of ∴ ∠ OQF ₂=180 °-α-∠ OEQ=180 °-α-90 °=90 °-α In view of: So: $F=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ $F_1=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ In view of:

So: $F_2=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ That is, formula (1), (2), (3) must be demonstrate,proved.Proof at Figure 19: ∵ ∠ POQ=α just has according to the running rule so: ,

According to the thrust rule as can be known: ∠ OEQ=90 °, ∴ ∠ OQF ₂=α-∠ OEQ=α-90 °

In view of:

So: $F=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ $F_1=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ In view of: So: $F_2=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ That is, formula (1), (2), (3) must be demonstrate,proved.Proof at Figure 20: ∵ ∠ POQ=α just has according to the running rule so: According to the thrust rule as can be known: ∠ OEQ=90 ° of ∴ ∠ OQF ₂OEQ=180 °-α of=∠ QOE+ ∠+90 °=270 °-α In view of:

So: $F=$ $F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ $F_1=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ In view of

So: $F_2=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ That is, formula (1), (2), (3) must be demonstrate,proved.Proof at Figure 21: ∵ ∠ POQ=α just has according to the running rule so: According to the thrust rule as can be known: ∠ OEQ=90 ° of ∴ ∠ OQF ₂=α+∠ OEQ=α+90 °

In view of:

So: ${F=F}_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ $F_1=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ In view of:

So: $F_2=F\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^2\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\&CenterDot;\cos \frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}$ That is, formula (1), (2), (3) must be demonstrate,proved.Because $F_1=F_2=F_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2},$ So: $\stackrel{-}{F_1}=\stackrel{-}{F_2}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}\underset{0}{\overset{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}}{F}_0{\cos }^3\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{2}\mathrm{d\&alpha;}$ Ask this definite integral to get: O.4244F ₀That is, formula (4), (5) must be demonstrate,proved.

Claims (3)

1, universal propeller is a kind of engine installation that boats and ships or naval vessels are advanced that promotes.Its thrust direction is perpendicular to the direction of its dynamical axis axis; In addition, operating personal can change the thrust direction of universal propeller whenever and wherever possible according to needs at that time, and the change of thrust direction is constant at the axis direction of dynamical axis, carries out under the rotation direction unmodified situation of dynamical axis.Why universal propeller has above function, and this is that inner characteristic by universal propeller is determined, it is characterized in that: blade is being followed when wheel disc revolves round the sun, and blade also will carry out rotation according to the rule of determining.

2, according to the content of claim 1, the running rule that universal propeller is then arranged, the law characteristic of running rule is: when power under the fixed situation of hinge, dynamical axis rotates the α angle, so, blade is when following wheel disc revolution α angle, and blade also rotation will take place, and the angle of rotation is: with respect to the external world be , with respect to wheel disc be

3, according to the content of claim 1, then vaned rotation rule, the law characteristic of rotation rule is: if when dynamical axis rotates the α angle, power is rotated the β angle to hinge, and so, blade is when following wheel disc revolution α angle, rotation also will take place in blade, and the angle of rotation is

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