CN117748110A - Ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection - Google Patents

Ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117748110A
CN117748110A CN202311738695.9A CN202311738695A CN117748110A CN 117748110 A CN117748110 A CN 117748110A CN 202311738695 A CN202311738695 A CN 202311738695A CN 117748110 A CN117748110 A CN 117748110A
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dielectric resonator
antenna
metal plates
radiation patch
dielectric
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李钦伟
丁德全
石玉萍
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Civil Aviation University of China
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Civil Aviation University of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a grounding metal plate and a dielectric resonator, wherein the radiation patch, the grounding metal plate and the dielectric resonator are fixed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate by adopting a printed circuit board technology, the radiation patch is positioned at the center of the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch is of an annular structure, and the dielectric resonator is positioned at the center of the radiation patch. The invention changes the current path by the way of connecting the metal plate in the middle of the radiation patch and the slot of the rectangular metal plate in a matched manner, so that the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent, thereby achieving the purpose of miniaturization, and then the dielectric resonator is introduced, so that the energy of a high-frequency part is fully radiated, finally the purposes of miniaturization and wide bandwidth are realized, and the invention is more beneficial to the application of a cerebral apoplexy detection system.

Description

Ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection.
Background
When microwave imaging is performed on cerebral apoplexy, the characteristics of the emitted electromagnetic waves and the received echoes can have important influence on the imaging effect. Because the human brain is a multi-layer composite tissue, when the human brain is close to the head, all parts of tissues of the head have the effect of reflecting electromagnetic waves and absorbing the electromagnetic waves, and in the research of detecting cerebral apoplexy by microwaves, the antenna performance directly influences the accuracy of cerebral hemorrhage detection results. Therefore, the selection of the proper structure and the working frequency of the antenna radiating microwaves is directly related to the effect of cerebral stroke detection.
In the existing microwave cerebral apoplexy detection research, the research on the prior manual related work content shows that the working frequency of a microwave antenna is not definitely specified, the detected electromagnetic wave needs to have stronger penetrability and higher detection precision, and the low-frequency-band antenna has higher penetrability, can radiate the electromagnetic wave into deeper parts of human brain, but can reduce the spatial resolution of the electromagnetic wave; the antenna at high frequency has higher spatial resolution, but most of the radiated electromagnetic waves can only enter the shallow brain of a person and be reflected back due to lack of sufficient penetrating power.
The current research shows that the frequency range of 0.5-4GHz is the frequency band most suitable for microwave cerebral apoplexy detection, especially the low frequency part, however, the size of the frequency band antenna of the low frequency part becomes an important problem, and the signal acquisition of a plurality of patch antennas attached to the brain is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection, which is used for solving the problem that the size of a frequency band antenna of a low-frequency part is difficult to meet the requirement of signal acquisition by attaching a plurality of patch antennas to the brain.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a grounding metal plate and a dielectric resonator, wherein the radiation patch, the grounding metal plate and the dielectric resonator are fixed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate by adopting a printed circuit board technology, the radiation patch is positioned at the center of the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch is of an annular structure, the dielectric resonator is positioned at the center of the radiation patch, and the bottom of the dielectric substrate is printed with a microstrip line which can form electric connection with the radiation patch by adopting the printed circuit board technology;
the grounding metal plate is formed by integrally forming rectangular metal plates, connecting metal plates and arc-shaped metal plates, wherein the number of the rectangular metal plates is two, the two rectangular metal plates are respectively located at two ends of the bottom of the medium substrate, rectangular grooves are formed in one corner of each rectangular metal plate corresponding to the radiation patch positions, so that distribution inductance and distribution capacitance of a transmission line are changed, the connecting metal plates are of a door-shaped structure, two ends of the connecting metal plates are respectively located at the tops of the two rectangular metal plates, the number of the arc-shaped metal plates is four, and the four arc-shaped metal plates are respectively located at two inner angles of the connecting metal plates and the rectangular metal plates, so that a current path is prolonged, the resonant frequency of an antenna is reduced, and the purpose of miniaturization is achieved.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate is an FR-4 material member with a dielectric constant of 4.3, and the length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate are l=40 mm, w=40 mm and h=1 mm, respectively.
Preferably, the dielectric resonator is a ceramic member with a dielectric constant of 10.2, and the dielectric resonator is a hollow cylinder with an outer radius r=6 mm, an inner radius r=3 mm, and a height h=5 mm.
Preferably, the radiation patch has an inner diameter r 1 =14 mm, and outer diameter r 2 =18mm。
Preferably, the arc-shaped metal plate in the grounding metal plate is of a quarter-circle structure, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped metal plate is 8mm, and the outer diameter of the arc-shaped metal plate is 10mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention changes the current path by the way of connecting the metal plate in the middle of the radiation patch and the slot of the rectangular metal plate in a matched manner, so that the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent, thereby achieving the purpose of miniaturization, and then the dielectric resonator is introduced, so that the energy of a high-frequency part is fully radiated, finally the purposes of miniaturization and wide bandwidth are realized, and the invention is more beneficial to the application of a cerebral apoplexy detection system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection;
FIG. 2 is a front view showing detailed parameters of the whole structure of an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the overall return loss of an antenna of an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the overall voltage standing wave ratio of an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the overall gain of an antenna of an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection;
fig. 6 is an E-plane and H-plane directional diagram of an ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection in the present invention at a resonant frequency.
In the figure: 1. a dielectric substrate; 2. a radiating patch; 3. a dielectric resonator; 4. and a grounded metal plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the research of detecting cerebral hemorrhage by microwaves, the antenna performance directly influences the accuracy of a cerebral hemorrhage detection result. The low-frequency ultra-wideband antenna has the advantages of strong anti-interference performance, high transmission rate, high precision positioning, strong penetrating capacity and the like, and is widely applied to communication systems and biomedical detection. Aiming at the research of microwave detection cerebral hemorrhage, according to the research result of the former, the invention firstly determines the specific technical index of the antenna, selects the proper antenna type, utilizes CST to carry out the structural design of the antenna, carries out the optimization of the model performance, and finally determines the structural shape and the size of the antenna.
Firstly, determining specific technical indexes of an antenna as follows:
working frequency range: 2-6.2 GHz;
full band in gain: 2 to 4.9dBi;
standing wave ratio in full band: 2 or less;
antenna size: 4 cm. Times.4 cm. Times.1 mm.
Secondly, determining the antenna type as a coplanar dielectric resonator antenna, and obtaining the complete main structure of the coplanar dielectric resonator antenna.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a radiation patch 2, a grounding metal plate 4 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the dielectric substrate 1 is an FR-4 material component with a dielectric constant of 4.3, the working frequency of the antenna is 2-6.2 GHz, the center frequency f=4.1 GHz, and the minimum wavelength is lambda min =48 mm, maximum wavelength λ max In order to meet the requirements of low frequency and miniaturization, the length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 are determined to be l=40 mm, w=40 mm and h=1 mm, respectively, and the resonant frequency of the dielectric substrate 1 can be approximated by the formula (1) because the thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 is much smaller than the wavelength.
f is the center frequency of the antenna, where c is the speed of light in vacuum, L is the patch length, and ε is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate 1. The specific value is brought into a formula to obtain the patch length L of 19mm, and the inner diameter r is determined in consideration of the complexity of antenna design 1 =14 mm, and outer diameter r 2 Ring of 18mm as shape of radiating patch 2, plus coplanar grounded metal plate4 and a coplanar microstrip line, wherein the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator 3 is a ceramic component of 10.2, the dielectric resonator 3 is a hollow cylinder with an outer radius r=6mm, an inner radius r=3mm and a height h=5mm, the radiation patch 2, the grounding metal plate 4 and the dielectric resonator 3 are fixed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 1 by adopting a printed circuit board technology, the radiation patch 2 is positioned at the central position of the dielectric substrate 1, the radiation patch 2 is in an annular structure, the dielectric resonator 3 is positioned at the central position of the radiation patch 2, the microstrip line is printed at the bottom of the dielectric substrate 1 by adopting a printed circuit board technology and can form electric connection with the radiation patch 2, and the microstrip line and the grounding metal plate 4 are electrically connected through a sma interface;
in order to increase the bandwidth and achieve the purpose of miniaturization, generally, the surface current distribution of the patch depends on the geometry of the microstrip patch, the frequency of the antenna is inversely proportional to the electrical size of the patch, the electrical size increases, and the resonant frequency of the antenna correspondingly decreases, so that the miniaturization of the antenna can be achieved. According to the technical scheme, the grounding metal plates 4 are integrally formed by rectangular metal plates, connecting metal plates and arc-shaped metal plates, wherein the number of the rectangular metal plates is two, the two rectangular metal plates are respectively located at two ends of the bottom of the medium substrate 1, rectangular grooves are formed in one corner of each rectangular metal plate corresponding to the position of the corresponding radiation patch 2 so as to change the distributed inductance and the distributed capacitance of a transmission line, the connecting metal plates are of a gate-shaped structure, two ends of each connecting metal plate are respectively located at the tops of the two rectangular metal plates, the number of the arc-shaped metal plates is four, the four arc-shaped metal plates are respectively located at two inner corners of the connecting metal plates and at two inner angles of the rectangular metal plates, so that a current path is prolonged, the resonant frequency of an antenna is reduced, the resonant frequency of the antenna is achieved, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped metal plates is 8mm, the outer diameter of the arc-shaped metal plates is 10mm, the rectangular grooves are formed in one corner of each rectangular metal plate corresponding to the position of the corresponding radiation patch 2, the distributed inductance and the transmission line is changed, the distributed capacitance is located at the tops of the two rectangular metal plates, the resonant frequency is further, the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is achieved.
Wherein the radiation patch 2 is of diameter r 1 =14 mm, and outer diameter r 2 The ring structure of 18mm enables the current to bend and bypass through the slot, directly changes the current propagation path, lengthens the current effective path, causes the resonance frequency to decrease, and cooperates with four arc-shaped metal plates arranged at the two inner angles of the connecting metal plates and the rectangular metal plates, and the two operations enable the current paths of the radiating patch 2 and the grounding metal plate 4 to be changed, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is further widened. Wherein, the detailed parameters in fig. 2: l=40 mm, w=40 mm, L 1 =29.2mm,l 2 =3.5mm,l 3 =1.5mm,l 4 =2.5mm,l 5 =1.5mm,l 6 =16.7mm,l 7 =17.5mm,l 8 =0.25mm,r 1 =14mm,r 2 =18mm,r 3 =4mm。
The use of the dielectric substrate 1 with a higher dielectric constant can make the miniaturization degree of the antenna higher, but with the reduction of gain and radiation efficiency, in order to make the energy of the high frequency part (near 5 GHz) radiate more sufficiently, it is necessary to consider that the material with a higher dielectric constant is added on the surface of the antenna, the non-guided wave transmitted by the conductor is converted into a guided wave, and then emitted from the dielectric structure, and the conductor loss is reduced, so as to obtain higher radiation efficiency, therefore, a ceramic member with a dielectric constant of 10.2 is used, and the dielectric resonator 3 is a dielectric resonator 3 with an outer radius r=6 mm, an inner radius r=3 mm, and a height h=5 mm and is a hollow cylinder, so as to reduce the conductor loss to obtain higher radiation efficiency.
Aiming at the design, the invention also provides the whole machine simulation of the scheme.
In the technical scheme, CST STUDIO SUITE (CST) software is used for carrying out integrated modeling on the antenna radiator and the dielectric resonator. After modeling and simulation, the return loss curve graph, the voltage standing wave ratio curve graph and the gain curve graph are shown as 3, 4 and 5.
The return loss curve graph of the whole antenna in FIG. 3 can be seen that the return loss curve graph of the antenna is smaller than-10 dB in the range of 2-6.2 GHz, namely the relative bandwidth is 102% (2-6.2 GHz), the resonance frequency points are 2.1GHz, 3.1GHz and 5.1GHz, the return loss of the antenna is lower, the energy can be better radiated, and the low return loss characteristic can bring better signal transmission efficiency;
the voltage standing wave ratio curve chart of the whole antenna in fig. 4 shows that the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) in the impedance bandwidth range is smaller than 2, and it can be seen from the chart that the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is relatively lower, which indicates that the antenna has better impedance matching performance. The good impedance matching can reduce signal reflection loss and improve signal transmission efficiency;
the overall gain graph of the antenna of fig. 5 shows that the gain of the antenna is near 4dBi, the peak gain reaches 4.9dBi, and the antenna has higher gain, which shows that the antenna has better signal focusing capability. The high gain characteristic can improve the signal receiving capability of the antenna, so that the antenna has better performance under specific application scenes.
In summary, the simulation results of the whole antenna shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5 have advantages of low return loss, low standing-wave ratio and high gain compared with the prior art, and these advantages are helpful for improving signal transmission efficiency, reducing signal reflection loss and improving signal receiving capability.
The E-plane and H-plane patterns at the resonant frequency were simultaneously tested as shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 6: e-plane and H-plane patterns of the antenna at resonant frequency:
(a) 2.1GHz E-plane pattern;
(b) 2.1GHz H face pattern;
(c) E-plane pattern at 3.1 GHz;
(d) 3.1GHz H face pattern;
(e) E-plane pattern at 5.1 GHz;
(f) H-face pattern at 5.1 GHz.
On the E-plane pattern, more symmetrical patterns are presented at 2.1GHz and 3.1GHz, and more complex patterns are presented at 5.1GHz, but the E-plane pattern has better symmetry and stability at the resonance frequency as a whole.
On the H-plane pattern, more symmetrical patterns are also presented at 2.1GHz and 3.1GHz, while more complex patterns are presented at 5.1GHz as well. But overall the H-plane pattern also has better symmetry and stability at the resonant frequency.
Generally, the size of an antenna is inversely proportional to its impedance bandwidth cut-off frequency, that is, the smaller the size of the antenna, the larger the cut-off frequency of the corresponding bandwidth, which is difficult to be applied in a low frequency band. According to the existing investigation and research, in order to be applied to cerebral apoplexy detection, the antenna needs to have a smaller size to meet the wearability of antenna integration, a lower bandwidth to meet the penetrability of microwaves, and an ultra-wideband characteristic to acquire more signal characteristics.
Common ultra-wideband antennas are exemplified by helical antennas, most typically archimedes double helical antennas, which require feeding in a balanced manner, as the two arms of the double helical antenna are symmetrical, while the coaxial feed line is unbalanced. Therefore, an unbalanced to balanced impedance conversion balun is matched on the back of the radiator to feed the antenna. This greatly increases the overall size and complexity of the antenna. Vivaldi antennas are also popular with researchers for their ultra wideband nature, stable radiation patterns, and low cost. Although the Vivaldi antenna has a low planarity, its dimension in the radiation direction is too large, which is disadvantageous for the miniaturization of the integration. Although helical antennas and Vivaldi antennas possess very wide bandwidths, their large size and high complexity disadvantages are unavoidable. This is very disadvantageous for the installation and integration of the portable device. The same type of coplanar antenna can simultaneously meet three characteristics of small size, low frequency band and ultra wideband, but the design and the optimization process are relatively difficult.
The antenna of this design has changed the current path through modes such as slotted cooperation connection metal sheet for antenna resonant frequency reduces to some extent, thereby reaches miniaturized purpose, introduces dielectric resonator 3 again afterwards, makes the energy of high frequency part fully radiate, finally realizes miniaturized and wide bandwidth's purpose, more does benefit to the use of being applied to cerebral apoplexy detecting system.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. Be applied to ultra wide band coplanar dielectric resonator antenna that microwave cerebral apoplexy detected, its characterized in that: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a radiation patch (2), a grounding metal plate (4) and a dielectric resonator (3), wherein the radiation patch (2), the grounding metal plate (4) and the dielectric resonator (3) are fixed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate (1) by adopting a printed circuit board technology, the radiation patch (2) is positioned at the central position of the dielectric substrate (1), the radiation patch (2) is of an annular structure, the dielectric resonator (3) is positioned at the central position of the radiation patch (2), and microstrip lines which can be electrically connected with the radiation patch (2) are printed at the bottom of the dielectric substrate (1) by adopting the printed circuit board technology;
the grounding metal plate (4) is formed by integrally forming rectangular metal plates, connecting metal plates and arc-shaped metal plates, wherein the number of the rectangular metal plates is two, the two rectangular metal plates are respectively located at two ends of the bottom of the dielectric substrate (1), rectangular grooves are formed in corners of the rectangular metal plates corresponding to the positions of the radiating patches (2) so as to change distributed inductance and distributed capacitance of the transmission line, the connecting metal plates are of a door-shaped structure, two ends of the connecting metal plates are respectively located at the tops of the two rectangular metal plates, the number of the arc-shaped metal plates is four, and the four arc-shaped metal plates are respectively located at two inner angles of the connecting metal plates and the rectangular metal plates so that current paths are prolonged, the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced, and the purpose of miniaturization is achieved.
2. The ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna for microwave cerebral stroke detection of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate (1) is an FR-4 material member with a dielectric constant of 4.3, and the length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate (1) are L=40 mm, W=40 mm and H=1 mm respectively.
3. The ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna for microwave cerebral stroke detection of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric resonator (3) is a ceramic component with a dielectric constant of 10.2, and the dielectric resonator (3) is a hollow cylinder with an outer radius R=6mm, an inner radius r=3mm and a height h=5mm.
4. The ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna for microwave cerebral stroke detection of claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter r of the radiation patch (2) 1 =14 mm, and outer diameter r 2 =18mm。
5. The ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna for microwave cerebral stroke detection of claim 1, wherein: the arc-shaped metal plate in the grounding metal plate (4) is of a quarter-circular ring structure, the inner diameter of the arc-shaped metal plate is 8mm, and the outer diameter of the arc-shaped metal plate is 10mm.
CN202311738695.9A 2023-12-18 2023-12-18 Ultra-wideband coplanar dielectric resonator antenna applied to microwave cerebral apoplexy detection Pending CN117748110A (en)

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CN117748110A true CN117748110A (en) 2024-03-22

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