CN117742051A - Composite transparent electrode layer, manufacturing method thereof, electronic paper and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Composite transparent electrode layer, manufacturing method thereof, electronic paper and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic display equipment, in particular to a composite transparent electrode layer and a manufacturing method thereof, electronic paper and the technical field of electronic equipment. The invention provides a composite transparent electrode layer, a manufacturing method thereof, electronic paper and electronic equipment, so that the obtained electrode has better electrical property and optical property and is simple to prepare. The composite transparent electrode layer has high light transmittance and low hardness, and can be used for flexible devices. The multilayer stacking process required by the second electrode layer is avoided, the process is simple, the advantages of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are combined, the light transmittance is remarkably improved, the flexible electrode is suitable for preparing the flexible electrode, and the development trend of electronic paper is met. The application also provides a preparation method of the composite transparent electrode layer, and electronic paper and electronic equipment comprising the composite transparent electrode layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic display equipment, in particular to a composite transparent electrode layer and a manufacturing method thereof, electronic paper and the technical field of electronic equipment.
Background
Electronic paper is a special display screen, and the basic principle is that charged nano particles suspended in liquid are subjected to an electric field to migrate. The electronic ink is coated on a layer of plastic film, then a Thin Film Transistor (TFT) circuit is attached, and pixel patterns are formed through control of a drive IC, so that the electronic paper display screen is formed. The core components of the electronic paper comprise an electronic paper membrane, a TFT back plate and a driving chip. In the electronic paper film, a transparent conductive oxide film typified by an ITO (indium tin oxide) conductive film can be used as both an electrode and a light-transmitting layer of electronic ink.
As the ITO conductive film of the transparent conductive oxide film which has better comprehensive performance and is commonly used in the prior art, the ITO conductive film is supplied with gradually scarce and high price water rise. In addition, the transparent conductive oxide film is easy to break and damage due to the ceramic property of the film, and is not suitable for preparing flexible devices. The electrical property (such as resistivity) and the optical property (such as light transmittance) of the transparent conductive oxide film are contradictory, the resistivity is gradually reduced and the electrical property is better along with the increase of the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film, but the light transmittance is reduced and the optical property is worse, namely, only the transparent conductive oxide film with proper film thickness is selected, the contradiction between the electrical property and the optical property can be balanced, and the excellent photoelectric property can be obtained.
Therefore, providing a flexible transparent electrode layer scheme with both optical performance and electrical performance is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a composite transparent electrode layer, a manufacturing method thereof, electronic paper and electronic equipment, so that the obtained electrode has better electrical property and optical property and is simple to prepare.
The application first provides a composite transparent electrode layer comprising: a first electrode layer;
and a second electrode layer laminated with the first electrode layer, wherein the second electrode layer is at least one selected from graphene, carbon nanotubes, nano silver wires, PEDOT (polyethylene dioxythiophene), PEDOT/PSS (poly 3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate).
Further, the transmittance range of the composite transparent electrode layer formed by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the visible light range is more than 93%.
Further, the substrate is at least one selected from PI (polyimide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
Further, the first electrode layer is selected from at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), IGTO (indium gallium tin oxide), ZTO (zinc tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide);
further, the thickness of the first electrode layer ranges from 80nm to 100nm, and the thickness of the second electrode layer ranges from 5nm to 10nm. In order to enable the composite transparent electrode layer to meet the use requirements in the field of electronic paper equipment, the resistivity, ductility and transparency of the composite transparent electrode layer are required to be in reasonable ranges. The inventors found that the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have a thickness range in this region that has a performance superior to other thickness ranges, and are particularly suitable for preparing electronic paper.
Further, the strain resistance value delta R/R0 of the composite transparent electrode layer ranges from 15 to 20, wherein R0 represents an initial resistance, and delta R represents a difference between 10% of the resistance after stretching and the initial resistance.
The application also provides a preparation method of the composite transparent electrode layer, which comprises the following steps: providing a substrate, wherein the surface of the substrate is provided with a first electrode layer; forming a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer; the method for forming the second electrode layer on the first electrode layer comprises the following steps: manufacturing a second electrode layer on a substrate, wherein the second electrode layer is at least one selected from graphene, carbon nano tubes, nano silver wires, PEDOT and PEDOT/PSS; forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer; removing the substrate to obtain the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer; and transferring the second electrode layer to the first electrode layer, and removing the transfer medium layer, wherein the composite transparent electrode layer is formed on the substrate.
Further, the transmittance range of the composite transparent electrode layer formed by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the visible light range is more than 93%.
Further, the method for manufacturing the second electrode layer on the substrate comprises the following steps: placing the substrate in a closed container; and (3) reacting hydrogen and a carbon source in the closed container, and chemically reacting the hydrogen and the carbon source in a high-temperature environment to form the second electrode layer to be deposited on the substrate. The method is used for preparing graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), wherein the substrate is selected from substrates used for preparing graphene by CVD, and comprises metal substrates such as copper, nickel, platinum and the like and nonmetal substrates such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, glass and the like. The carbon source is selected from gaseous hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethylene, acetylene, etc.), liquid carbon sources (such as ethanol, benzene, toluene, etc.), or solid carbon sources (such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), amorphous carbon, etc.). The chemical vapor deposition method can also be used for preparing the second electrode layer such as carbon nanotubes, but the reaction conditions are different from those for preparing graphene.
Further, the method for forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer comprises the following steps: providing a first solution, coating the first solution on a second electrode layer of the substrate, drying the substrate coated with the first solution, forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer, and forming the transfer medium layer after the first solution is dried. The second electrode layer usually has a smaller thickness, and cannot realize large-area support, and needs to be supported and transferred by using a transfer medium, for example: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyphenyl dialdehyde (PPA) and Polycarbonate (PC).
Further, the method of removing the substrate includes: and placing the substrate with the second electrode layer and the transfer medium layer in a second solution, wherein the second solution is used for carrying out chemical reaction with the substrate, the material of the substrate comprises metal, and metal ions with the metal are removed from the second solution after the substrate is removed.
Further, the method of transferring the second electrode layer onto the first electrode layer includes: drawing out the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer through a bearing plate, wherein the transfer medium layer is positioned between the bearing plate and the second electrode layer; and contacting the bearing plate with the first electrode layer and separating from the bearing plate.
The application also provides electronic paper which comprises a flexible substrate, a light filtering layer formed on the flexible substrate and the composite transparent electrode layer.
The application also provides an electronic device comprising: a panel and the composite transparent electrode layer; the composite transparent electrode layer is formed on the panel. When the panel is used as a cover plate, the composite transparent electrode layer can be used as a touch electrode; when the panel is a driving panel, the composite transparent electrode layer may be used as a common electrode.
The beneficial effects of this application lie in:
1. the application provides a composite transparent electrode layer, comprising: a substrate, wherein the surface of the substrate is provided with a first electrode layer; the first electrode layer is provided with a second electrode layer; the second electrode layer is selected from at least one of graphene, carbon nano tubes, nano silver wires, PEDOT and PEDOT/PSS. The second electrode layer has excellent carrier mobility, so that the composite electrode is formed with the first electrode layer, the conductivity of the electrode layer can be improved, and on the other hand, the second electrode layer also has better transmittance, so that the composite electrode with the first electrode layer is also beneficial to improving the transmittance of the whole electrode layer. In a third aspect, the second electrode layer counteracts the brittleness of the first electrode layer to a certain extent, and the presence of the first electrode layer adds a certain mechanical strength to the second electrode layer. In addition, since the resistance value of the second electrode layer is high, the resistance is advantageously reduced by stacking with the first electrode layer. The transmittance range of the composite transparent electrode layer formed by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the visible light range is more than 93%, and the strain resistance delta R/R0 range is 15-20. The composite transparent electrode layer has high light transmittance and low hardness, and can be used for flexible devices. The advantages of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are combined, the light transmittance is remarkably improved, the flexible electrode is suitable for preparing the flexible electrode, and the development trend of electronic paper is met. The present application also provides several preferred embodiments of the composite transparent electrode layer.
2. The application also provides a preparation method of the composite transparent electrode layer, which comprises the steps of forming a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer; the method for forming the second electrode layer on the first electrode layer comprises the following steps: manufacturing a second electrode layer on a substrate; forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer; removing the substrate to obtain the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer; and transferring the second electrode layer onto the first electrode layer, and removing the transfer medium layer. The preparation method can be used for preparing the composite transparent electrode layer, and has simple and reliable process. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the composite transparent electrode layer prepared by the method are well combined, and the composite transparent electrode layer has quite high reliability and usability. The application also provides a plurality of preferable schemes of the preparation method of the composite transparent electrode layer.
The application also provides electronic paper and electronic equipment comprising the composite transparent electrode layer, and the application scheme of the composite transparent electrode layer is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a composite transparent electrode layer of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a wavelength-transmittance plot of a sample of one embodiment of a composite transparent electrode layer of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing a composite transparent electrode layer according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic paper according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present application;
in the figure:
100. a composite transparent electrode layer; 101. a first electrode layer; 102. a second electrode layer; 200. a substrate;
1. a cover plate; 2. a light scattering layer; 3. a glue layer; 4. a filter layer; 5. a transparent electrode layer; 6. an electrophoretic display layer; 7. a microcapsule; 8. a driving layer; 9. a flexible substrate.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, embodiment 1 is a composite transparent electrode layer 100, including a first electrode layer 101 and a second electrode layer 102, where the second electrode layer 101 is laminated with the first electrode layer 102. In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode layer 102 are formed on the substrate 200.
In this embodiment, the second electrode layer is a single-layer graphene. In other embodiments, the second electrode layer is selected from at least one of graphene, carbon nanotubes, nano silver wires, PEDOT (polyethylene dioxythiophene), PEDOT/PSS (poly 3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate).
In this embodiment, the first electrode layer is at least one selected from ITO (indium tin oxide), IGTO (indium gallium tin oxide), ZTO (zinc tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide); the transmittance range of the composite transparent electrode layer formed by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the visible light wavelength range is more than 93%.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the first electrode layer ranges from 80nm to 100nm, and the thickness of the second electrode layer ranges from 5nm to 10nm. In order to enable the composite transparent electrode layer to meet the use requirements in the field of electronic paper equipment, the resistivity, ductility and transparency of the composite transparent electrode layer are required to be in reasonable ranges. The inventors found that the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer have a thickness range in this region that has a performance superior to other thickness ranges, and are particularly suitable for preparing electronic paper. Therefore, the thicknesses of the first and second electrode layers of the three samples prepared in this example are shown in the following table:
the transparent electrode layer of the comparative example was an uncomplexed transparent electrode layer of the same composition as the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the example 1 sample, and the thickness thereof was as shown in the following table:
the visible light transmittance of the pure ITO transparent electrode is 70% -90%, the resistivity is reduced, the electrical property is increased along with the increase of the film thickness, but the light transmittance is reduced, and the optical property is weakened. For an ITO transparent electrode with a certain thickness, the optical performance and the electrical performance of the ITO transparent electrode are contradictory. And the ITO electrode is not suitable for preparing flexible electronic paper due to brittleness and high hardness, and does not accord with the current development trend of the electronic paper. The light transmittance of the graphene is basically above 90%, and the graphene has good mechanical properties and is suitable for preparing flexible electrodes. However, a multi-layer stacking process is generally required to satisfy the resistance condition as an electrode. The single-layer graphene is introduced into the ITO electrode layer which is commonly used for preparing the transparent electrode at present to serve as the second electrode layer, so that the ITO electrode layer is a preferable technical scheme and can be used for combining electrical, optical and mechanical properties. And the graphene has strong environmental stability, and better performance in terms of surface roughness and surface uniformity, and is superior to other second electrode layer materials.
Test examples
The composite transparent electrode layer was measured for sheet resistance, transmittance in the visible wavelength range, and strain resistance Δr/R0. Wherein the measurement result of the transmittance in the visible wavelength range includes the minimum value of the transmittance in the range and the transmittance at 570 nm; in the measurement of the strain resistance value ΔR/R0, R0 represents the initial resistance, and ΔR represents the difference between the resistance after stretching of 10% and the initial resistance.
The results are summarized in the following table:
from the table, the ITO-single-layer graphene composite transparent electrode layer provided by the application has better sheet resistance performance and tensile strain performance obviously superior to that of single-layer ITO, and the transmittance in the visible light wavelength range is hardly affected by forming single-layer graphene on the single-layer ITO. The wavelength-transmittance graph of the example of the composite transparent electrode layer of sample 1 is shown in fig. 2.
In this embodiment, the second electrode layer has excellent carrier mobility, so that the composite electrode is formed with the first electrode layer, so that the conductivity of the electrode layer can be improved, and on the other hand, the second electrode layer also has better transmittance, so that the composite electrode with the first electrode layer is also beneficial to improving the transmittance of the whole electrode layer. In a third aspect, the second electrode layer counteracts the brittleness of the first electrode layer to a certain extent, and the presence of the first electrode layer adds a certain mechanical strength to the second electrode layer. In addition, since the resistance value of the second electrode layer is high, the resistance is advantageously reduced by stacking with the first electrode layer. The transmittance range of the composite transparent electrode layer formed by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the visible light range is more than 93%, and the strain resistance delta R/R0 range is 15-20. The composite transparent electrode layer has high light transmittance and low hardness, and can be used for flexible devices. The advantages of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are combined, the light transmittance is remarkably improved, the flexible electrode is suitable for preparing the flexible electrode, and the development trend of electronic paper is met.
Embodiment 2 is a method for preparing a composite transparent electrode layer, please refer to fig. 3, comprising the following steps:
step S01: providing a substrate, wherein the surface of the substrate is provided with a first electrode layer;
in this embodiment, the substrate is PET. In other embodiments, the substrate is selected from flexible substrates such as PI (polyimide), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and the like.
In this embodiment, the first electrode layer is ITO, and in other embodiments, the first electrode layer may be a transparent electrode layer such as IGTO (indium gallium tin oxide), ZTO (zinc tin oxide), or IZO (indium zinc oxide).
S02, forming a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer;
in this embodiment, the second electrode layer is a single-layer graphene.
The method for forming the second electrode layer on the first electrode layer comprises the following steps:
s021, manufacturing a second electrode layer on a substrate;
in this embodiment, the method for fabricating the second electrode layer on the substrate includes:
placing the substrate in a closed container; and (3) reacting hydrogen and a carbon source in the closed container, and performing vapor deposition reaction on the hydrogen and the carbon source in a high-temperature environment to form the second electrode layer to be deposited on the substrate.
In this embodiment, the substrate is copper, and in other embodiments, other substrates may be used to prepare graphene, such as silver, iron, cobalt-nickel alloy, and the like.
In this example, the closed vessel was a tube furnace, and the carbon source was methane (CH) 4 ) The chemical formula of the vapor deposition reaction is:
CH 4 ===2H 2 +C↓
the process of manufacturing the second electrode layer on the substrate specifically comprises the following steps: the copper foil was inserted into a quartz tube in a tube furnace, and the tube was filled with 16sccm hydrogen (H 2 ) The flow was heated to 1024℃and the sample was left in hydrogen for 15 minutes and a 20sccm methane gas flow was introduced into the tube for 15 minutes. The tube furnace heat source was then turned off and the tube furnace chamber in the presence of hydrogen and methane was waited for cooling to a furnace temperature of 700 ℃. The methane pump was turned off. And then continuously cooling the sample to room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere to prepare the single-layer graphene (C) on the copper foil.
In other embodiments, the tube furnace can be replaced by a closed container, the heating temperature of the hydrogen gas flow can be 800-1200 ℃, and the time for introducing methane gas can be controlled according to the flow rate.
In other embodiments, the second electrode layer may not be graphene or carbon nanotubes, and other second electrode layers may be prepared using other corresponding methods.
S022, forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer;
in this embodiment, the method for forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer includes: providing a first solution, coating the first solution on a second electrode layer of the substrate, drying the substrate coated with the first solution, forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer, and forming the transfer medium layer after the first solution is dried.
In this embodiment, the first solution is a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) solution, and the solid molded transfer medium is PMMA after drying. In other embodiments, the transfer medium may also be at least one of polylactic acid (PLA), polyphenedioldehyde (PPA), and Polycarbonate (PC).
Step S023, removing the base material to obtain the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer;
in this embodiment, the method for removing the substrate includes: and placing the substrate with the second electrode layer and the transfer medium layer in a second solution, wherein the second solution is used for carrying out chemical reaction with the substrate, the material of the substrate comprises metal, and metal ions with the metal are removed from the second solution after the substrate is removed. That is, in this embodiment, the substrate is removed by dissolving the metal and changing the substrate into a form of metal ions.
In this embodiment, the second solution is an ammonium persulfate solution. The chemical formula of the chemical reaction is as follows:
Cu+(NH 4 )2S 2 O 8 →CuSO 4 +H 2 SO 4 +2NH 4+
in other embodiments, the second solution may also be other solutions that may chemically react with the metal substrate.
And S03, transferring the second electrode layer to the first electrode layer, and removing the transfer medium layer.
In this embodiment, the method of transferring the second electrode layer onto the first electrode layer includes: drawing the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer out by using a clean glass plate, transferring the second electrode layer to the surface of the first electrode layer, then gently drawing the glass plate out, ensuring that the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer is completely attached without bubbles, and naturally drying at room temperature.
In other embodiments, a method of transferring the second electrode layer onto the first electrode layer includes: drawing out the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer through a bearing plate, wherein the transfer medium layer is positioned between the bearing plate and the second electrode layer; and contacting the bearing plate with the first electrode layer and separating from the bearing plate.
The carrier plate may be another carrier plate having a smooth surface.
The composite transparent electrode layer obtained by the preparation method and the preparation conditions of example 2 corresponds to sample 1 of example 1.
Embodiment 3 is an electronic paper. Referring to fig. 4, the electronic paper of embodiment 3 of the present application is composed of a flexible substrate 9, a driving layer 8, microcapsules 7, an electrophoretic display layer 6, a transparent electrode layer 5, a filter layer 4, an adhesive layer 3, a light diffusion layer 2 and a cover plate 1 from bottom to top. The microcapsule 7, the electrophoresis display layer 6, the transparent electrode layer 5, the filter layer 4 and the glue layer 3 form electronic ink.
Among them, the transparent electrode layer was the composite transparent electrode layer of example 3 of the present application.
Wherein the microcapsules contain black/white electrophoretic particles; the electrophoretic display layer comprises a plurality of electrophoretic pixels, and the electrophoretic pixels comprise a driving circuit and a display element filter layer, and pass through the filter layer in the reflecting process after a small amount of front light is incident, so that the human eyes can perceive colors; the adhesive layer adopts optical adhesive OCA, has high light transmittance (full light transmittance is more than 99%), high adhesion, high temperature resistance, ultraviolet resistance and good stability; the light scattering layer is composed of a micro lens array, and the micro lenses are convex lenses and are used for amplifying and enhancing the image of the electrophoresis display layer; the cover plate has high light transmittance and certain mechanical strength.
There are millions of microcapsules in electronic ink, each microcapsule contains positively charged black electrophoretic particles and negatively charged white electrophoretic particles suspended in a transparent electrophoretic fluid. When a driving voltage is applied between the driving layer and the transparent electrode layer, the black or white electrophoretic particles move to the top of the microcapsules when the microcapsules are subjected to an electric field, thereby exhibiting black or white color. The particles with different colors moving to different positions at the top end of the microcapsule can be combined to present different pictures.
The electrode layer in the driving layer in this embodiment may be made of the same material as the transparent electrode layer 5. In other embodiments, the electrode layer in the driving layer may be another electrode layer such as an ITO electrode.
Embodiment 4 is an electronic device including a touch panel. Referring to fig. 5, the display device includes a composite transparent electrode layer 100 and a glass panel 300, wherein the composite transparent electrode layer 100 is composed of a first electrode layer 101 and a second electrode layer 102. In this embodiment, the glass panel 300 is used as a cover plate, the composite transparent electrode layer 100 is used as a touch electrode, and the touch electrode and the cover plate form a touch panel. In other embodiments, the panel 300 may also be a driving panel, and the composite transparent electrode layer 100 may be used as a common electrode on the driving panel.
The above description may be implemented alone or in various combinations and these modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
In addition, "formed on" in the present application may mean "formed directly" or "formed indirectly", that is, for example, if a is formed on B, a may be formed directly on B, or other structures may be formed between a and B, and thus, the formation in the present application does not mean only formed directly.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific examples described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method of preparing a composite transparent electrode layer, comprising:
providing a substrate, wherein the surface of the substrate is provided with a first electrode layer;
forming a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer; wherein,
the method for forming the second electrode layer on the first electrode layer comprises the following steps:
manufacturing the second electrode layer on a substrate, wherein the second electrode layer is at least one selected from graphene, carbon nano tubes, nano silver wires, PEDOT and PEDOT/PSS;
forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer;
removing the substrate to obtain the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer;
and transferring the second electrode layer to the first electrode layer, and removing the transfer medium layer to obtain the composite transparent electrode layer.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the method of manufacturing the second electrode layer on the substrate includes:
placing the substrate in a closed container; and introducing hydrogen and a carbon source into the closed container, heating the closed container, and carrying out chemical reaction on the hydrogen and the carbon source to form the second electrode layer to deposit on the substrate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein forming a transfer dielectric layer on the second electrode layer comprises:
providing a first solution, coating the first solution on a second electrode layer of the substrate, drying the substrate coated with the first solution, forming a transfer medium layer on the second electrode layer, and forming the transfer medium layer after the first solution is dried.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the method of removing the substrate comprises:
and placing the substrate with the second electrode layer and the transfer medium layer in a second solution, wherein the second solution is used for carrying out chemical reaction with the substrate, the material of the substrate comprises metal, and metal ions with the metal are removed from the second solution after the substrate is placed.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the method of transferring the second electrode layer onto the first electrode layer comprises:
drawing out the second electrode layer with the transfer medium layer through a bearing plate, wherein the transfer medium layer is positioned between the bearing plate and the second electrode layer;
and contacting the second electrode layer on the bearing plate with the first electrode layer, and separating the bearing plate from the transfer medium layer.
6. A composite transparent electrode layer, comprising:
a first electrode layer;
and the second electrode layer is arranged in a lamination manner with the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer is selected from at least one of graphene, carbon nano-tubes, nano-silver wires, PEDOT and PEDOT/PSS.
7. The composite transparent electrode layer of claim 6, wherein the first electrode layer has a thickness in the range of 80nm to 100nm and the second electrode layer has a thickness in the range of 5nm to 10nm.
8. The composite transparent electrode layer of claim 6, wherein the composite transparent electrode layer formed from the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer has a transmittance range of greater than 93% in the visible wavelength range.
9. The composite transparent electrode layer according to claim 6, wherein the composite transparent electrode layer has a strain resistance value Δr/R0 ranging from 15 to 20, wherein R0 represents an initial resistance, and Δr represents a difference between a tensile resistance obtained by stretching the composite transparent electrode layer by 10% and the initial resistance.
10. An electronic paper, comprising:
a flexible substrate;
and a composite transparent electrode layer according to any one of claims 6-9 formed on a flexible substrate.
11. An electronic device, comprising:
a panel; and
The composite transparent electrode layer of any one of claims 6-9; the composite transparent electrode layer is formed on the panel.
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