CN117736139A - Synthesis method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride - Google Patents

Synthesis method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117736139A
CN117736139A CN202211114173.7A CN202211114173A CN117736139A CN 117736139 A CN117736139 A CN 117736139A CN 202211114173 A CN202211114173 A CN 202211114173A CN 117736139 A CN117736139 A CN 117736139A
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pyridine
chloride
sulfonyl chloride
compound
diazonium salt
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魏峰
葛二鹏
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Changzhou Ruibo Bio Technology Co ltd
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Changzhou Ruibo Bio Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a synthetic method for synthesizing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride. The synthesis of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride takes 3-aminopyridine as a starting material, and the separated intermediate zinc chloride diazonium salt is subjected to sulfonyl chlorination reaction. The method has the advantages of low cost, high product content, convenient operation and less three wastes, and is suitable for industrialized amplified production.

Description

Synthesis method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride
Technical field:
the invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, in particular to a novel synthesis method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride.
The background technology is as follows:
the pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride has the structural formula:
pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, which is widely used in the synthesis of drugs, and is mainly used for preparing TAK-438.
Regarding the synthesis of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride, it is currently synthesized mainly by the following route:
route one: reference may be made to the method of CN 201810991672.1:
the method has the advantages that the cost is low due to the use of sodium hydrosulfide or potassium hydrosulfide and the like, but in the industrial production process, the smell of the sulfhydryl compound is heavy, the chlorine needs to be introduced in the second step, the safety risk is high, and the factors are not beneficial to industrial production.
Route two: journal of the American Chemical Society,1992, vol.114, #12, p.4889-4898
In the first step of the route, sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid is used for generating pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, and in the second step, phosphorus trichloride and the like are used for chlorination. When pyridine-3-sulfonic acid is generated in the first step, a small amount of pyridine-3-sulfonic acid is positioned at the 2 position or the 4 position, so that the pyridine-3-sulfonic acid is not easy to separate; and the pollution is large, a lot of waste acid water is generated, and the safety risk is also large when dangerous chemicals such as concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphorus oxychloride are used.
Route three: organic Process Research and Development,2009, vol.13, #5, p.875-879; CN106432067, etc
The method is characterized in that diazotization reaction is carried out, chlorinated heavy chloride salt generated in the middle is unstable, side reactions are more, and the pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride product is colorless liquid, but the sulfonyl chloride product can be deteriorated when distilled at high temperature, so that the purity requirement on the reaction process is higher, that is, side reactions cannot be carried out when the reaction occurs, and obviously, the route cannot meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride with high yield and environmental protection, which is mainly an improvement on a diazotization route, and the specific reaction equation is as follows:
the synthesis scheme comprises the following preferable steps:
the first step (preparation of ferric chloride diazonium salt or zinc chloride diazonium salt):
adding 3-aminopyridine into dilute hydrochloric acid, cooling to-5-0 ℃, dropwise adding sodium nitrite aqueous solution, controlling the temperature below 0 ℃, then dropwise adding 30% zinc chloride aqueous solution, controlling the temperature to 0-5 ℃, filtering, washing a filter cake once with dilute acid, washing once with a small amount of methanol, and drying. Thus obtaining zinc chloride diazonium salt.
And a second step of:
dropwise adding thionyl chloride into water, then cooling to about 0 ℃, adding cuprous chloride after dropwise adding, cooling to-5 ℃, adding zinc chloride diazonium salt prepared in the previous step into the solution in batches, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, then reacting overnight at the same temperature, extracting with ethyl acetate for 2 times after the reaction is finished, washing with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 1 time, washing with water for one time, and finally washing with saturated salt for 1 time. Concentrating the ethyl acetate, stirring, cooling to-5 ℃, crystallizing, filtering, and drying. Obtaining pure pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride.
Wherein the mole ratio of the 3-aminopyridine, sodium nitrite, zinc chloride aqueous solution and dilute hydrochloric acid in the first step is 1 (1.0-1.1): 1.0-1.2): 3-4; the molar ratio of the zinc chloride diazonium salt, the sulfoxide chloride and the cuprous chloride in the second step is 1 (2-2.2) (0.005-0.01), wherein the reaction temperature in the first step and the second step is controlled at 0-5 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the traditional diazonium salt is unstable and can be slowly decomposed even at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ so as to generate side reaction, thereby increasing the post-treatment difficulty; the Lewis acid diazonium salt is quite stable, does not have any danger, can prepare the pure fluoboric acid diazonium salt without decomposition even under the room temperature condition
2. Meanwhile, due to higher stability, pure products can be separated out, and then when the product is put into the next reaction, the side reaction is reduced greatly compared with the traditional diazonium salt, and the yield is improved correspondingly. The total yield of the traditional hydrochloric acid diazotization or dilute sulfuric acid diazotization reaction is generally 40-60%, and the yield of the Lewis acid diazotization reaction can reach 70-90%.
3. After separating out diazonium salt, the reaction liquid of preparing Lewis acid diazonium salt may be further thrown into the next batch to reduce acid waste water. Because of high stability, even if a small amount of Lewis acid diazonium salt still exists in the reaction liquid, the next batch of reaction is not influenced; the diazonium salt prepared by the prior art is usually dissolved in water, and can only be put into the next reaction by using an aqueous solution of the diazonium salt.
4. Because the diazotization reaction is an exothermic reaction, the heat exchange efficiency and the temperature control of the traditional diazonium salt on the reaction kettle are very high, namely the reaction time and the temperature are required at the same time, the reaction time for preparing the diazonium salt is not suitable for more than 4 hours, the temperature is different according to different reaction substrates, and the temperature for preparing the diazonium salt is usually controlled below-5 ℃, namely the temperature is required to be ensured to be not more than-5 ℃ and the time is required to be ensured to be not more than 4 hours, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the reaction kettle is very high. The preparation condition of the Lewis acid diazonium salt is mild, and the 3-aminopyridine is taken as an example, so that the reaction temperature can be controlled below 10 ℃ generally, side reactions can not occur, the requirements on a refrigerator are not high, the temperature controllable range is much larger, and the reaction time can be prolonged to 6-8 hours and can not be decomposed.
5. Among the Lewis acid diazonium salts, only the fluoroboric acid diazonium salt, the zinc chloride diazonium salt, the ferric chloride diazonium salt, etc. are available at present in consideration of the operability, the yield, the byproducts, the three wastes, etc., and the zinc chloride diazonium salt has lower cost than the ferric chloride diazonium salt and the fluoroboric acid diazonium salt, and the same effect can be obtained.
Drawings
In the drawings of the specification: FIG. 1 is an HPLC profile of compound C (i.e., pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride) and related data.
FIG. 2 is a synthetic route diagram for pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed drawings, in order to make the technical means, authoring features, workflow, and usage method of the invention achieve the purpose and efficacy easily understood.
Synthesis of Compound B:
94 g (1 mol) of 3-aminopyridine and 670ml of 6mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid are added into a reaction bottle, cooled to 0-5 ℃, then an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite (72.45g+150 ml of water) is added dropwise, the temperature is controlled to 0-5 ℃, then an aqueous solution of zinc chloride (136.4 g, 300 ml) is added dropwise, the temperature is controlled to 0-5 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30-60 minutes at 0-5 ℃ after the dripping is finished, suction filtration is carried out, a filter cake is leached for 1 time by 100ml of 6mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid (0-5 ℃) of ice, and the compound B180.9g is obtained after drying, and the yield is 95.3%.
Synthesis of Compound C:
238 g (2 mol) of thionyl chloride is added dropwise to 500ml of water, then cooled to about 0-5 ℃, 1g (0.01 mol) of cuprous chloride is added after the dropwise addition, zinc chloride diazonium salt prepared in the first step is added into the solution in batches, the temperature is controlled between 0 and 5 ℃, then the reaction is carried out overnight at 0 to 5 ℃, after the reaction is finished, dichloromethane (300 ml is used for 2 times) is used for extraction, the organic layers are combined, the organic layers are washed with 300ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 1 time, then 300ml of water is used for one time, finally 300ml of saturated salt water is used for 1 time, then anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for drying, suction filtration is carried out, and the filtrate is concentrated to remove the dichloromethane, thus 161.0g of compound C, namely pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride, and the yield is 90.7%. The HPLC detection spectrogram is shown in figure 1 in the drawings of the specification. Nuclear magnetic data: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ),δ:7.70-7.74(dd,1H),8.43-8.45(dd,1H),9.03-9.05(dd,1H),9.31-9.32(d,1H).
the foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. The synthesis method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride is characterized in that the pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride is prepared by taking 3-aminopyridine as a starting material and performing zinc chloride diazotization reaction:
the first step is that the compound A reacts with sodium nitrite aqueous solution and zinc chloride aqueous solution in acid solution to generate zinc chloride diazonium salt with a compound B structure. . The second step is that the compound B and thionyl chloride are reacted under the condition of catalyst to generate the compound C.
2. The method for preparing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein the acidic solution is diluted hydrochloric acid of 6 to 10 mol/L.
3. The method for preparing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the aqueous solution of sodium nitrite to the aqueous solution of zinc chloride to the compound a is 1.0 to 1.1:1.0 to 1.2:1.
4. The method for producing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein the diazotization reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 5 ℃ or less.
5. The method for preparing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein the compound B, namely zinc chloride diazonium salt, is subjected to acyl chlorination reaction to obtain the compound C, namely pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride.
6. The method for preparing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein the zinc chloride diazonium salt with the structure of formula II and the thionyl chloride solution containing the catalyst undergo the acyl chlorination reaction to form the compound C, pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride.
7. The method for preparing pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is cuprous chloride or cupric chloride.
CN202211114173.7A 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 Synthesis method of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride Pending CN117736139A (en)

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Publications (1)

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CN117736139A true CN117736139A (en) 2024-03-22

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