CN117729850A - 用于疏果的1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸 - Google Patents
用于疏果的1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117729850A CN117729850A CN202280051181.3A CN202280051181A CN117729850A CN 117729850 A CN117729850 A CN 117729850A CN 202280051181 A CN202280051181 A CN 202280051181A CN 117729850 A CN117729850 A CN 117729850A
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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Abstract
本发明涉及减少多年生木本植物的作物负载的方法，包括在开花之前将1‑氨基‑1‑环丙烷羧酸施加至植物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及减少多年生木本植物的作物负载的方法，包括在开花之前将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
背景技术
在美国和在世界各地，核果比如扁桃、杏、樱桃、油桃、桃和李子是重要的多年生水果作物。越来越重视生产更大的高质量水果，而不是水果的量(总吨数)。随着消费者整年越来越期望高质量的水果，种植者现在面临着生产具有充分的颜色和最佳风味的均匀大水果的作物的挑战。
减少树上的作物负载(疏果)通常用于生产高质量果树水果。在开花和坐果期间，种植者通常物理或化学去除花朵(疏花)或幼果(小果疏果)，以使剩余水果的尺寸和质量最大化(Dennis，2000，Plant Growth Reg.31：1-16)。一般而言，越早“疏果”作物负载，收获时水果的质量越好。手动去除每棵树上的花朵或小果(手动疏果)通常提供一致性的结果，但是成本可过分昂贵。
使用用于成本有效的疏花或小果疏果的化学品是优选的。细胞分裂素6-苄基腺嘌呤(6BA)是重要的开花后疏果化学品并且对于增加水果尺寸尤其有效。然而，6BA-诱导的疏果对于生理和天气条件敏感(Yuan和Greene，2000，J.Amer.Soc.Hort.Sci.125：169-176)。化学杀虫剂西维因通常用于开花后疏果苹果小果(Petracek等，2003，HortScience.38：937-942)。然而，西维因面临监管挑战并且因为其对于蜜蜂有害，在一些地区种植者不再可用。对于蜜蜂有害也是为什么西维因不能在开花期间施加的原因。对于核果比如桃，1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸已经表明当在开花期间或开花之后施加时诱导疏果。见，美国专利号8,435,929。
大部分化学蔬果剂在开花后施加。迄今，还没有广泛地接受的开花前施加的化学蔬果剂。然而，开花前疏果具有数种益处，包括减少花朵数量导致较少浪费输送给最终被疏果的小果的资源。进一步，应有足够的剩余花蕾，以经受来自霜冻的损失。
因此，本领域需要当在开花之前施加时能够减少作物负载的有效的化学蔬果剂。
发明内容
本发明涉及减少多年生木本植物的作物负载的方法，包括在开花之前将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
本发明进一步涉及减少核果类果树或仁果类果树的作物负载，包括在开花之前将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
具体实施方式
申请人已经出人意料地发现在开花之前施加1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸(“ACC”)有效减少作物负载，使得在收获时水果更大和或具有更高的质量。
ACC已经是申请人最近的用于包括水果疏果的数个专利申请的主题，包括WO2010144779、WO2018183674、WO2018183680、WO2018183686、WO2018207693和WO2018207694。这些列举的专利申请中的每一篇通过引用并入本文，在这些专利申请中公开的ACC盐、水合物、多晶型和制剂可在本发明的方法中使用。
可以衍生自无机酸或无机碱或有机酸或有机碱的盐的形式使用ACC。可在最终分离和纯化本发明的化合物期间，原位制备本发明的活性成分的酸加成盐，或通过游离碱官能团与适当的有机酸反应分开制备本发明的活性成分的酸加成盐。代表酸加成盐包括，但不限于乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、双葡萄糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、延胡索酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟乙烷磺酸盐(异硫代硫酸盐)、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、特戊酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、磷酸盐、谷氨酸盐、碳酸氢盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。并且，碱性含氮基团可用以下试剂季铵化：如低碳烷基卤化物(比如甲基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物，乙基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物，丙基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物以及丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)；二烷基硫酸盐(如二甲基硫酸盐、二乙基硫酸盐、二丁基硫酸盐和二戊基硫酸盐)；长链卤化物(比如癸基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物，月桂基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物，肉豆蔻基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物以及硬脂酰氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)；芳烷基卤化物(如苄基溴化物和苯乙基溴化物)等等这类试剂。从而获得水溶性产物或油溶性产物或者水可分散的产物或油可分散的产物。可用于形成酸加成盐的酸的示例包括比如盐酸、氢溴酸、透明质酸和磷酸的这类无机酸以及比如草酸、马来酸、甲烷磺酸和琥珀酸的这类有机酸。可通过含羧酸部分与适当的碱(比如药学上可接受的金属阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐)反应或与氨或有机伯胺、仲胺或叔胺反应，在最终分离和纯化本发明的化合物期间原位制备碱加成盐。盐包括但不限于阳离子类碱金属或碱土金属(比如锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐和铝盐等)和非毒性季胺和胺阳离子，包括铵、四甲基铵、四乙铵、甲铵、二甲铵、三甲铵、三乙铵、二乙铵和乙铵等。用于形成碱加成盐的其他代表性有机胺包括乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌啶、哌嗪等。
适合在本发明中使用的ACC的水合物包括ACC三水合物和ACC无水物。
本发明涉及减少多年生木本植物的作物负载的方法，包括在开花之前将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
多年生木本植物指具有不会死亡回到它们生长的土壤中的茎干的植物，并且包括但不限于葡萄藤、猕猴桃藤、核果类果树、仁果类果树、蓝莓灌木和黑莓灌木(包括树莓和黑莓)和其栽培品种、其变种和杂交种。
核果类果树，包括但不限于，桃树、油桃树、李子树、杏树和樱桃树以及其栽培品种、变种和杂交种。
仁果类果树，包括但不限于，苹果树、南欧山楂果树、海棠树、枇杷树、夏花山楂树、欧楂树、梨树、亚洲梨树、柑橘、木瓜、日本海棠、墨西哥山楂(tejocote)以及其栽培品种、变种和杂交种。
在优选的实施方式中，本发明涉及减少核果类果树或仁果类果树的作物负载，包括在开花之前将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
在甚至更优选的实施方式中，本发明涉及减少核果类果树的作物负载，包括在开花之前将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
在甚至更优选的实施方式中，本发明涉及减少桃树的作物负载，包括在开花之前将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
在本发明的方法中，在开花之前将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。在优选的实施方式中，在长出花蕾之后和在开花之前施加ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐。在最优选的实施方式中，在粉红色花蕾阶段将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至桃树。
如在本文中使用的，术语“花蕾”或“长出花蕾”指在植物的发育生命周期中第一次见到花蕾直到就第一次见到花蕾中的花瓣的时间之前的阶段。
如在本文中使用的，术语“开花(bloom)”或“开花(blooming)”指在植物的发育生命周期中其中第一次见到花瓣至花瓣开始从植物掉落的时间的阶段。
桃树花蕾生长阶段如下：1)休眠-花蕾紧致而没有可见的膨胀；2)花蕾膨胀-花蕾为膨胀的；3)绿色花萼、绿色花蕾或花蕾爆出—花蕾顶已经开放；4)粉红色花蕾-花蕾膨大并且延伸；5)第一朵花-第一朵花开放时；6)盛开-当树上的大部分花朵开放时；7)花瓣掉落-当花瓣从树上掉落时；8)壳分离-果实的生长已经使花壳分离；和9)脱落-果实的生长已经将花壳从果实的花末端推落掉下。
在另一优选的实施方式中，以约1至5,000百万分之一(“ppm”)，更优选地约10ppm至约2,000ppm，甚至更优选地约100ppm至约1,000ppm和仍甚至更优选地约300ppm至约600ppm的率，将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至植物。
李子树花蕾生长阶段与桃树的花蕾生长阶段类似，只是粉红色花蕾阶段称为白色花蕾阶段。
如在本文中使用的，“有效率”指施加ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐将使得减少作物负载或疏果的率。“有效率”将取决于处理的植物物种或变种、期望的结果和植物的生命阶段等其他因素而改变。因此，可能无法总是指出精确的“有效率”。
可通过任何方便的方式施加ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐。本领域技术人员熟悉施加的模式，包括叶面施加，比如喷雾、撒粉和粒状施加；土壤施加包括喷雾、起沟处理或侧施。在优选的实施方式中，将ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐作为喷雾和甚至更优选地作为叶面喷雾施加至植物。
如在本文中使用的，与量、重量百分数等相关的所有数值限定为“约”或“近似”各自特定的值，即，加或减10％(±10％)。例如，短语“按重量计至少5％”理解为“按重量计至少4.5％至5.5％”。所以，权利要求的范围囊括在要求的值的10％以内的量。
在整个本申请中，除非上下文另外清楚地指示，否则单数形式“一个(a)”、“一个(an)”和“所述”包括复数提及。
如在本文中使用的，与量、重量百分数等相关的所有数值限定为“约”或“近似”各自特定的值，表示该特定值加或减10％。例如，短语“约10％w/w”理解为囊括9％w/w至11％w/w的值。所以，本发明的范围囊括在要求的值的10％以内的量。
通过下述代表性实施例阐释本发明。仅通过例示的方式提供这些实施例并且绝不是限制性的。
实施例
用作2-丁氧乙醇、泊洛扎林、单丙二醇的来源(Regulaid为注册商标并且可获得自Kalo有限公司)。
实施例1-桃树疏果
方法
于2018年5月，在密歇根州Coloma进行疏果试验。具体地，以300ppm和600ppm ACC溶液制备1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸，并含有0.05％2-丁氧基乙醇、泊洛扎林、单丙二醇作为表面活性剂。将这些溶液作为叶面喷雾施加至粉红色花蕾阶段、盛开和花瓣掉落之后的GlenGlo桃树。在八个重复树上为每个处理标记三个一年龄芽。在开花施加之后四周评估果实和落叶并且在花瓣掉落后施加之后两周评估果实和落叶。下面的表1表明了施加300ppm或600ppm ACC溶液对这些核果类果树的效果。疏果活性表达为坐果(每100朵花大水果的数量)。下面的表2表明了ACC施加对叶子质量的效果，其中1为最好并且3为最差。
表1
| 处理 | 施加时机 | ％坐果 |
| 0.05％表面活性剂对照 | 粉红色花蕾阶段 | 41 |
| 300ppm ACC | 粉红色花蕾阶段 | 10 |
| 600ppm ACC | 粉红色花蕾阶段 | 6 |
| 0.05％表面活性剂对照 | 盛开 | 46 |
| 300ppm ACC | 盛开 | 10 |
| 600ppm ACC | 盛开 | 1 |
| 0.05％表面活性剂对照 | 花瓣掉落之后 | 48 |
| 300ppm ACC | 花瓣掉落之后 | 57 |
| 600ppm ACC | 花瓣掉落之后 | 45 |
表2
结果
如上面的表1中表明的，当在粉红色花蕾阶段或在盛开期间施加时，相比仅表面活性剂对照，ACC的施加以剂量依赖性方式使桃树显著疏果。具体地，在粉红色花蕾阶段以300ppm施加ACC与对照相比减少了坐果310％并且以600ppm施加ACC与对照相比减少了坐果583％。然而，花瓣掉落之后施加没有提供有效的疏果活性。因此，开花前施加ACC提供有效疏果的核果类果树。进一步，如上面的表2中表明，在粉红色花蕾阶段施加ACC没有显著减少核果类果树的叶子质量。
实施例2-桃树和油桃树疏果
方法
于2020年在希腊、意大利和西班牙进行疏果试验。具体地，以200ppm、300ppm、400ppm、500ppm、800ppm和1,000ppm ACC溶液制备1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸。将这些溶液作为叶面喷雾在粉红色花蕾阶段施加至桃树(即西班牙北方、西班牙南方#1和希腊#2)和油桃树(即西班牙南方#1和希腊#1)。下面的表3表明了ACC溶液的施加对这些核果类果树的效果。疏果活性表达为坐果(每100朵花的大水果的数量)。
表3
结果
如上面的表3表明的，当在粉红色花蕾阶段施加时，与未处理的对照相比，ACC的施加以剂量依赖性方式使桃树和油桃树显著疏果。具体地，与对照相比在粉红色花蕾阶段以200ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果18％，与对照相比在粉红色花蕾阶段以300ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果30％，与对照相比在粉红色花蕾阶段以400ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果49％，与对照相比在粉红色花蕾阶段以500ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果58％，与对照相比在粉红色花蕾阶段以800ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果108％，并且与对照相比在粉红色花蕾阶段以1,000ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果117％。因此，开花前施加ACC提供了核果类果树的有效疏果。
实施例3-李子树疏果
方法
于2020年在智利进行疏果试验。具体地，以300ppm和450ppm ACC溶液制备1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸。在白色花蕾阶段、盛开阶段或花瓣掉落阶段，将这些溶液作为叶面喷雾施加至两个不同变种的李子树(即糖果条和威严黑(Black Majesty))。下面的表4表明了ACC溶液的施加对这些核果类果树的效果。疏果活性表达为坐果(每100朵花的大水果的数量)。
表4
如上面的表4中表明的，当在白色花蕾阶段施加时，与未处理的对照相比，ACC的施加使李子树显著疏果。具体地，与对照相比在白色花蕾阶段以300ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果21.5％，并且与对照相比在白色花蕾阶段以450ppm施加ACC平均减少坐果21％。因此，开花前施加ACC提供了核果类果树的有效疏果。
Claims (20)
1.一种减少多年生木本植物的作物负载的方法，包括在开花之前将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸(ACC)或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐以有效率施加至所述植物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多年生木本植物选自由下述组成的组中：葡萄藤、猕猴桃藤、核果类果树、仁果类果树、蓝莓灌木和黑莓灌木以及其栽培品种、变种和杂交种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述多年生木本植物为核果类果树。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述核果类果树为桃树、油桃树或李子树。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中从花蕾阶段至在开花之前将所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至所述植物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述有效率为约1百万分之一(ppm)至约5,000百万分之一(ppm)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述有效率为约10ppm至约2,000ppm。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述有效率为约100ppm至约1,000ppm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐作为喷雾施加至植物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述喷雾为叶面喷雾。
11.一种减少桃树或李子树的作物负载的方法，包括在开花之前将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸(ACC)或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐以有效率施加至所述树。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中从花蕾阶段至在开花之前将所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至所述树。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中在粉红色花蕾阶段将所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至所述桃树或所述油桃树或在白色花蕾阶段将所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐施加至所述李子树。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述有效率为约1百万分之一(ppm)至约5,000百万分之一(ppm)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述有效率为约10ppm至约2,000ppm。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述有效率为约100ppm至约1,000ppm。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐作为喷雾施加至所述树。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述喷雾为叶面喷雾。
19.一种减少桃树、油桃树或李子树的作物负载的方法，包括在粉红色花蕾阶段将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸(ACC)或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐以约100ppm至1,000ppm的率施加所述桃树或所述油桃树，或在白色花蕾阶段将1-氨基-1-环丙烷羧酸(ACC)或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐以约100ppm至1,000ppm的率施加所述李子树。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中将所述ACC或其水合物、其多晶型或其盐作为叶面喷雾施加至所述树。
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| PCT/US2022/042313 WO2023034482A1 (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2022-09-01 | 1-amino-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid for thinning of fruits |
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| NZ597311A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2013-02-22 | Valent Biosciences Corp | 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid as a fruit thinner |
| SI24959A (sl) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-10-28 | Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije | Okolju prijazno sredstvo za kasno kemično redčenje plodičev v sadjarstvu |
| CN108419806A (zh) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-21 | 金华市众鑫农业科技有限公司 | 一种橘子疏果剂的制备方法 |
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