CN117728685A - Photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on multi-winding forward converter - Google Patents

Photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on multi-winding forward converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117728685A
CN117728685A CN202311707191.0A CN202311707191A CN117728685A CN 117728685 A CN117728685 A CN 117728685A CN 202311707191 A CN202311707191 A CN 202311707191A CN 117728685 A CN117728685 A CN 117728685A
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diode
voltage
photovoltaic
inductance
equalizer
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赵犇
崔浩然
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter, and relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation. The invention solves the problem of mismatching of the photovoltaic system caused by local shadow and the like, thereby greatly reducing the generated energy. The integrated topology of the photovoltaic equalizer and the inverter based on the multi-winding forward converter is provided, and the two converters of the micro inverter and the photovoltaic equalizer are combined. Compared with the current commonly used two-stage micro-inverter topology, the topology only involves 4 switching tubes, so that the number of switches is obviously reduced. The multi-winding equalizer is introduced to solve the problem of mismatching between photovoltaic panels, and the generating capacity of the system under the working conditions of partial shadow and the like is effectively improved. The equalizer and the inverter are integrated by a topology fusion technology, so that the number of converter components is greatly reduced, the system loss is reduced, the system efficiency is improved, and the volume cost is reduced.

Description

Photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on multi-winding forward converter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter.
Background
Generally, photovoltaic systems typically employ series-connected photovoltaic modules to achieve higher voltage outputs. However, considering that factors such as clouds, trees, dust and the like may cause local shading of the photovoltaic module and ageing of the battery module to different degrees, the series modules may have a phenomenon of unmatched electrical characteristics. This mismatch can significantly reduce the power generated by the photovoltaic system, which can result in a significant loss of power generation.
In order to reduce the generated power loss under the unmatched working condition caused by the series connection of the photovoltaic modules, a micro inverter is arranged. Each photovoltaic module is connected with an independent inverter, the serial structure of the system is changed, and the tracking control of the maximum power point of each photovoltaic module is realized, so that the generating capacity of the system is improved. However, these inverters need to handle the total power generated by the photovoltaic module, the losses of which are proportional to the power of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, large-scale applications are limited because the cost of the micro-inverter is still relatively high.
In order to overcome the shortages of the full power conversion structure, the scholars have recently proposed the concept of a photovoltaic equalizer. The photovoltaic equalizer adopts an energy conversion transmission device to transfer partial power of the non-shielded component to the shielded component, and changes the working point of the shielded component, thereby improving the generating capacity of the system. The device uses a DC-DC converter to replace an anti-parallel diode of the photovoltaic module, so that current flows through an equalizer, the voltage at two ends of the photovoltaic module is controlled near a maximum power point, and a non-bypassed diode clamp is positioned at a negative value. In this way, the shielded photovoltaic module does not consume power any more, but outputs power, thereby significantly improving the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system under the shielding condition. The photovoltaic equalizer only processes the unmatched power between the photovoltaic modules, so that the power level of the converter can be reduced, and the power loss is correspondingly reduced. With little or no power mismatch, the power handled by the photovoltaic equalizer is very small, even zero. However, it can only handle the unmatched power, and cannot transmit the output power of the photovoltaic module to the subsequent stage. Therefore, it is necessary to use the inverter in parallel with the subsequent inverter, which results in an increase in the number of system converters and a corresponding increase in system cost.
The integrated topology based on the multi-winding equalizer and the inverter becomes an effective solution, and the integrated topology of the equalizer and the inverter based on the multi-winding flyback converter is representative thereof. However, since the multi-winding flyback converter needs to ensure that the secondary side voltage of the transformer is greater than the voltage of the shaded photovoltaic panel, the transmission of the balanced energy can be achieved. Because the primary side voltage of the transformer is the difference between the direct current bus voltage and the input voltage, the secondary side voltage of the transformer can not be always kept larger than the voltage of the shielded photovoltaic panel under the condition of large bus voltage change, and the integral topology working range based on the multi-winding flyback equalizer is limited.
The primary side voltage of the transformer is the input voltage of the photovoltaic panel group string, and the secondary side inductance voltage of the transformer can be always ensured to be larger than the voltage of the shielded photovoltaic panel, so that energy can be always transferred to the shielded photovoltaic panel, and the balance function is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter, which can solve the problem of high cost of one micro inverter per photovoltaic panel and realize power balance among the photovoltaic panels so as to solve the problem of mismatch among the panels.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the integrated topology of the photovoltaic equalizer and the inverter based on the multi-winding forward converter is formed by four switching tubes Q 1 ～Q 4 Full bridge structure, multi-winding transformer T and eight diodes D 1 ～D 8 DC bus capacitor C dc Inductance L 1 ～L 3 Output filter inductance L o Composition is prepared. Wherein the turns ratio of the transformer T is shown in the figure as: n (N) 1 :N 2 :N 3 :N 4 =3:1:1:1. The input end of the inverter is three photovoltaic panels PV 1 ～PV 3 The output being the electric network (in the figure, V grid Ac source representation).
The invention solves the problem of mismatching of the photovoltaic system caused by local shadow and the like, thereby greatly reducing the generated energy. The equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on the multi-winding forward converter is provided, and two converters of a micro inverter and a photovoltaic equalizer are combined. Compared with the current commonly used two-stage micro-inverter topology, the topology only involves 4 switching tubes, so that the number of switches is obviously reduced. The multi-winding equalizer is introduced to solve the problem of mismatching between photovoltaic panels, and the generating capacity of the system under the working conditions of partial shadow and the like is effectively improved. The equalizer and the inverter are integrated by a topology fusion technology, so that the number of components of the converter is greatly reduced, the system loss is reduced, the system efficiency is improved, and the volume cost is reduced; the multi-winding forward converter is used, and the problem that the working range is affected due to the fact that the bus voltage changes on the basis of the integrated topology of the multi-winding flyback converter is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a proposed multi-winding forward converter-based photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology;
FIGS. 2 (a) -2 (f) are operational mode diagrams of the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) modality a;
fig. 2 (B) modality B;
fig. 2 (C) modality C;
fig. 2 (D) modality D;
fig. 2 (E) modality E;
fig. 2 (F) modality F;
the main waveforms of the topology of fig. 3;
Detailed Description
The invention provides a photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, modality a: switch Q 2 And Q 3 On, and switch Q 1 And Q 4 Disconnection, D 8 Conduction, D 7 Cut-off. During this state, the primary winding N of the transformer 1 The voltages at two ends are positive and negative from top to bottom, and the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 The voltage at the two ends is positive and negative from top to bottom due to the PV 1 With partial shadow masking, which produces a voltage less than that of winding N 2 Voltage, diode D 1 Conduction, diode D 4 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Is gradually increased, and part of the power flows to the panel PV 1 Thereby changing the working point to make the output of the light source approximate to the maximum power and avoiding lightThe photovoltaic panel is bypassed by its internal bypass diode. At this time, the DC bus C dc Voltage is applied to the filter inductance L o And an alternating voltage V grid The output terminal is a forward voltage.
Step 2, modality B: switch Q 3 Disconnection, Q 1 On, and Q 2 Keep on, D 7 And D 8 Are all conductive. During this state, the equalizer continues to maintain the state of modality a. Filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Is shorted together and freewheels, output terminal V grid The forward voltage is maintained.
Step 3, modality C: switch Q 3 、Q 4 On, switch Q 1 、Q 2 Off, diode D 7 、D 8 All are conducted; photovoltaic panel PV 1 ～PV 3 Through diode D 7 、D 8 Switch tube Q 3 、Q 4 Direct current bus capacitor C dc Charging, and realizing voltage boosting; filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Still maintain the freewheel state, output terminal V grid Maintaining a forward voltage; at the same time, inductance L 1 Through diode D 4 Freewheel, diode D 1 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Gradually decreasing the current of (c).
Step 4, modality D: switch Q 1 And Q 4 On, and switch Q 2 And Q 3 Disconnection, D 7 Conduction, D 8 Cut-off. During this state, the primary winding N of the transformer 1 The voltages at two ends are positive and negative from top to bottom, and the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 The voltage at the two ends is positive and negative from top to bottom due to the PV 1 With partial shadow masking, which produces a voltage less than that of winding N 2 Voltage, diode D 1 Conduction, diode D 4 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Is gradually increased, and part of the power flows to the panel PV 1 Thereby changing its operating point to make its output approximate maximum power, avoiding the photovoltaic panel from being bypassed by its internal bypass diode. At this time, the DC bus C dc The voltage being applied to an alternating voltage V grid Output terminal and filter inductance L o Is a negative voltage.
Step 5, modality E: switch Q 3 Disconnection, Q 1 On, and Q 2 Keep on, D 7 And D 8 Are all conductive. During this state, the equalizer continues to maintain the state of modality a. Filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Is shorted together and freewheels, output terminal V grid Maintaining a negative voltage.
Step 6, modality F: switch Q 3 、Q 4 On, Q 1 、Q 2 Off, diode D 7 、D 8 All are conducted; photovoltaic panel PV 1 ～PV 3 Through diode D 7 、D 8 Switch tube Q 3 、Q 4 Direct current bus capacitor C dc Charging, and realizing voltage boosting; filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Still maintain the freewheel state, output terminal V grid Maintaining a negative voltage; at the same time, inductance L 1 Through diode D 4 Freewheel, diode D 1 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Gradually decreasing the current of (c).
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic equalizer and the inverter based on the multi-winding forward converter realize integrated topology through a topology fusion technology, so that the number of converter components is greatly reduced, and the volume cost is reduced. Four switch tubes Q 1 ～Q 4 Full bridge structure, multi-winding transformer T and eight diodes D 1 ～D 8 DC bus capacitor C dc Inductance L 1 ～L 3 Output filter inductance L o Composition is prepared. Wherein the turns ratio of the transformer T is shown in the figure as: n (N) 1 :N 2 :N 3 :N 4 =3:1:1:1. The input end of the inverter is three photovoltaic panels PV 1 ～PV 3 The output being the electric network (in the figure, V grid Ac source representation).
When the photovoltaic panel powers match, three secondary sides N of the multi-winding transformer T 2 ～N 4 Rectifier diode D 1 ～D 3 And flywheel diode D 4 ～D 6 The topology is not operated in inverter mode, specifically described by taking the output forward voltage as an example.
Modality a: switch Q 2 And Q 3 On, and switch Q 1 And Q 4 Disconnection, D 8 Conduction, D 7 Cut-off. During this state, the DC bus C dc Voltage is applied to the filter inductance L o And an alternating voltage V grid The output is a forward voltage as shown in fig. 2 (a).
Modality B: switch Q 3 Disconnection, Q 1 On, and Q 2 Keep on, D 7 And D 8 Are all conductive. During this state, the filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Is shorted together and freewheels, output terminal V grid The forward voltage is maintained as shown in fig. 2 (b).
Modality C: switch Q 3 、Q 4 On, switch Q 1 、Q 2 Off, diode D 7 、D 8 All are conducted; photovoltaic panel PV 1 ～PV 3 Through diode D 7 、D 8 Q and Q 3 、Q 4 Direct current bus capacitor C dc Charging, and realizing voltage boosting; filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Still maintain the freewheel state, output terminal V grid The forward voltage is maintained as shown in fig. 2 (c).
By adjusting Q 1 Q and Q 2 Can adjust the DC bus voltage V dc By adjusting Q 3 And Q 4 The duty cycle of (2) can be adjusted to output voltage V grid Is a sinusoidal voltage.
When the photovoltaic panel is power mismatched due to local shadowing, the topology will operate in the equalizer and inverter co-operating mode. At this time, assume PV 1 With partial shadow masking, which produces a voltage less than that of winding N 2 Voltage, diode D 1 Conduction, diode D 4 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Is gradually increased, and part of the power flows to the panel PV 1 Thereby changing the operating point of the device,so that it outputs approximately maximum power. Thus, mode A and mode B add diode D 1 Conducting to photovoltaic panel PV 1 The charging working state realizes self-balancing, and the mode C increases the inductance L 1 Through diode D 4 And (5) freewheeling. The main waveforms in one cycle of the topology are shown in fig. 3.
When photovoltaic panel PV 2 Or PV (photovoltaic) 3 When the partial shadow occurs, the working state is similar and will not be described again.

Claims (4)

1. A photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter is characterized in that: comprises four switch tubes Q 1 ～Q 4 Full bridge structure, multi-winding transformer T and eight diodes D 1 ～D 8 DC bus capacitor C dc Inductance L 1 ～L 3 Output filter inductance L o . Wherein the turns ratio of the transformer T is shown in the figure as: n (N) 1 :N 2 :N 3 :N 4 =3:1:1:1. The input end of the inverter is three photovoltaic panels PV 1 ～PV 3 The output being the electric network (in the figure, V grid Ac source representation).
2. A photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter is characterized in that: the PV is provided with 1 Positive electrode of (d) and inductance L 1 Left end of (2) and N 1 The homonymous ends of the windings are connected; PV (photovoltaic) system 1 Negative pole, PV of (2) 2 Positive electrode of (D) diode D 4 Anode, inductance L of (2) 2 Left end of (2) and N 2 The non-homonymous ends of the windings are connected; PV (photovoltaic) system 2 Negative pole, PV of (2) 3 Positive electrode of (D) diode D 5 Anode, inductance L of (2) 3 Left end of (2) and N 3 The non-homonymous ends of the windings are connected; PV (photovoltaic) system 3 Cathode of (D) diode D 6 Anode, N of (2) 4 Non-homonymous end of winding, switch tube Q 1 Source electrode of (C) and switch tube Q 2 Source electrode of (C) and DC bus capacitor (C) dc Is connected with the negative electrode of the battery; switch tube Q 3 Drain electrode of (B), switch tube Q 4 Drain electrode of (d) and dc bus capacitorC dc Is connected with the positive electrode of the battery; diode D 1 Cathode, diode D of (2) 4 Cathode and inductance L of (2) 1 Is connected with the right end of the frame; diode D 2 Cathode, diode D of (2) 5 Cathode and inductance L of (2) 2 Is connected with the right end of the frame; diode D 3 Cathode, diode D of (2) 6 Cathode and inductance L of (2) 3 Is connected with the right end of the frame; diode D 1 Anode and N of (2) 2 The homonymous ends of the windings are connected; diode D 2 Anode and N of (2) 3 The homonymous ends of the windings are connected; diode D 3 Anode and N of (2) 4 The homonymous ends of the windings are connected; commutation diode D 7 Anode of (D) commutation diode D 8 Anode and N of (2) 1 The non-homonymous ends of the windings are connected; switch tube Q 1 Drain electrode of (B), switch tube Q 3 Source electrode of (D) commutation diode 7 Cathode and output filter inductance L of (2) o Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; output filter inductance L o The other end of the power grid is connected with one end of the power grid; the other end of the power grid and a switch tube Q 2 Drain electrode of (B), switch tube Q 4 Source electrode of (D) and commutation diode D 8 Is connected to the cathode of the battery.
3. A photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on a multi-winding forward converter is characterized in that: when the output voltage is in the forward direction, the topology has three working modes in the time, namely modes A, B, C; when the output voltage is negative, the topology has three working modes, namely modes D, E, F, in the time.
4. A multi-winding forward converter based photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology as recited in claim 3, wherein: with photovoltaic panel PV 1 The occurrence of partial shadows is exemplified by:
(4-1) modality a: switch Q 2 And Q 3 On, and switch Q 1 And Q 4 Disconnection, D 8 Conduction, D 7 Cut-off. During this state, the primary winding N of the transformer 1 The voltages at two ends are positive and negative from top to bottom, and the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 The voltages at the two ends are also positive from top to bottomNegative due to PV 1 With partial shadow masking, which produces a voltage less than that of winding N 2 Voltage, diode D 1 Conduction, diode D 4 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Is gradually increased, and part of the power flows to the panel PV 1 Thereby changing its operating point to make its output approximate maximum power, avoiding the photovoltaic panel from being bypassed by its internal bypass diode. At this time, the DC bus C dc Voltage is applied to the filter inductance L o And an alternating voltage V grid The output terminal is a forward voltage.
(4-2) modality B: switch Q 3 Disconnection, Q 1 On, and Q 2 Keep on, D 7 And D 8 Are all conductive. During this state, the equalizer continues to maintain the state of modality a. Filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Is shorted together and freewheels, output terminal V grid The forward voltage is maintained.
(4-3) modality C: switch Q 3 、Q 4 On, switch Q 1 、Q 2 Off, diode D 7 、D 8 All are conducted; photovoltaic panel PV 1 ～PV 3 Through diode D 7 、D 8 Switch tube Q 3 、Q 4 Direct current bus capacitor C dc Charging, and realizing voltage boosting; filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Still maintain the freewheel state, output terminal V grid Maintaining a forward voltage; at the same time, inductance L 1 Through diode D 4 Freewheel, diode D 1 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Gradually decreasing the current of (c).
(4-4) modality D: switch Q 1 And Q 4 On, and switch Q 2 And Q 3 Disconnection, D 7 Conduction, D 8 Cut-off. During this state, the primary winding N of the transformer 1 The voltages at two ends are positive and negative from top to bottom, and the secondary winding N of the transformer 2 The voltage at the two ends is positive and negative from top to bottom due to the PV 1 With partial shadow masking, which produces a voltage less than that of winding N 2 Voltage, diode D 1 Conduction, diode D 4 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Gradually increasing the current of (2)Long, partial power flow to panel PV 1 Thereby changing its operating point to make its output approximate maximum power, avoiding the photovoltaic panel from being bypassed by its internal bypass diode. At this time, the DC bus C dc The voltage being applied to an alternating voltage V grid Output terminal and filter inductance L o Is a negative voltage.
(4-5) modality E: switch Q 3 Disconnection, Q 1 On, and Q 2 Keep on, D 7 And D 8 Are all conductive. During this state, the equalizer continues to maintain the state of modality a. Filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Is shorted together and freewheels, output terminal V grid Maintaining a negative voltage.
(4-6) modality F: switch Q 3 、Q 4 On, Q 1 、Q 2 Off, diode D 7 、D 8 All are conducted; photovoltaic panel PV 1 ～PV 3 Through diode D 7 、D 8 Switch tube Q 3 、Q 4 Direct current bus capacitor C dc Charging, and realizing voltage boosting; filter inductance L o And output voltage terminal V grid Still maintain the freewheel state, output terminal V grid Maintaining a negative voltage; at the same time, inductance L 1 Through diode D 4 Freewheel, diode D 1 Turn-off, inductance L 1 Gradually decreasing the current of (c).
CN202311707191.0A 2023-12-13 2023-12-13 Photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on multi-winding forward converter Pending CN117728685A (en)

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CN202311707191.0A CN117728685A (en) 2023-12-13 2023-12-13 Photovoltaic equalizer and inverter integrated topology based on multi-winding forward converter

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CN117728685A true CN117728685A (en) 2024-03-19

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