CN117727989A - High performance fuel cell - Google Patents
High performance fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN117727989A CN117727989A CN202410174709.7A CN202410174709A CN117727989A CN 117727989 A CN117727989 A CN 117727989A CN 202410174709 A CN202410174709 A CN 202410174709A CN 117727989 A CN117727989 A CN 117727989A
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- air inlet
- polar plate
- fuel cell
- air
- outlet structures
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance fuel cell, which comprises at least two groups of stacked battery units, wherein each group of battery units comprises a polar plate assembly and a membrane electrode, the polar plate assembly comprises an anode polar plate and a cathode polar plate, and the membrane electrode is arranged between the anode polar plate and the cathode polar plate; at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are respectively arranged on each polar plate assembly, the arrangement modes of the air inlet and outlet structures of the groups of polar plate assemblies on different polar plate assemblies are the same, and the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding polar plate assemblies connected with the flow channels of the cathode polar plates in at least part of the battery units are different from the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding polar plate assemblies connected with the flow channels of the cathode polar plates in other battery units. The invention can ensure that the air which is introduced flows in the adjacent different battery units in a staggered way when the high-performance fuel battery works, further ensure that parameters such as the flow speed, the temperature, the pressure and the like of the whole fuel battery can be distributed more uniformly, and the service life of the membrane electrode is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a high-performance fuel cell.
Background
The main principle of the fuel cell is that chemical energy is converted into electric energy, the most important part in the fuel cell unit is a membrane electrode, in practical application, a plurality of single cells can be combined into a fuel cell stack according to the design requirement to meet the power output requirements of different sizes, hydrogen is mainly used as main fuel at present, compared with methane or petroleum gas which is used as raw materials, carbon deposition occurs on an anode due to insufficient reaction so as to be attached to the surface of a catalyst active site of the anode, the activity decay of the fuel cell is accelerated, and the advantage of the hydrogen is that the generated water vapor by the reaction is very clean.
When the fuel cell in the prior art is used, the situation that the distribution of the amounts and the flow rates of the hydrogen gas and the air which are fed into the fuel cell are uneven in the Z-axis direction (namely, the direction perpendicular to the membrane electrode in the fuel cell) is easy to occur, and the situation is more obvious in the fuel cell with longer length (namely, the larger number of single cell combinations).
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-performance fuel cell, which aims to solve the problem that the uniformity of the whole fuel cell is affected due to uneven distribution of the hydrogen and air quantity and flow velocity of the fuel cell in the prior art.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high performance fuel cell comprising at least two sets of stacked cells, each set of cells comprising a plate assembly comprising an anode plate and a cathode plate, and a membrane electrode disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate;
at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are respectively arranged on each polar plate assembly, the arrangement modes of the air inlet and outlet structures of the groups of polar plate assemblies on different polar plate assemblies are the same, and the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding polar plate assemblies connected with the flow channels of the cathode polar plates in at least part of the battery units are different from the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding polar plate assemblies connected with the flow channels of the cathode polar plates in other battery units.
According to the high-performance fuel cell stack, at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged on the polar plate component, the distribution condition of air on each cell unit in the high-performance fuel cell can be controlled by utilizing the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups, so that the air is differentiated when distributed in each cell unit in the fuel cell, the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the X, Y two-dimensional direction (namely the length and width directions of the membrane electrode) in the fuel cell can be improved on the whole, the flow velocity distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the Z-axis direction in the fuel cell can be improved, the distribution of parameters such as the flow velocity, the temperature and the pressure of the whole fuel cell can be more uniform, the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is more uniform, the occurrence of heat generation non-uniformity of each cell unit in the X, Y two-dimensional direction is not easy, and the service life of the membrane electrode is prolonged. It will be understood to those skilled in the art that, for a general fuel cell structure, the ratio of the inlet to the outlet on the polar plate assembly is generally considered in structural design, so that the smaller the size of the inlet and the outlet is, the better the requirements of small voltage drop and high volume ratio power density of the stack can be met, while the innovative addition of a group of air inlets and outlets can definitely increase the ratio of the size of the inlet and the outlet, but by such design, the distribution times of air when the air is introduced and distributed on the polar plate assembly by the same common pipeline can be reduced, so that the distribution amount of air when the air is introduced and distributed on the polar plate assembly by the same common pipeline can be more uniform, thereby effectively improving the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the whole fuel cell, and the innovative design belongs to development.
In some embodiments, the flow channels of the cathode plates in the adjacent battery units are respectively connected with different groups of air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assemblies.
Therefore, through the arrangement, the number of the polar plate assemblies connected with the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups is similar, so that the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the whole fuel cell can be better improved.
In some embodiments, the flow direction of air flowing in the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures is set to be different.
Therefore, by the arrangement, the heat generating points can be uniformly distributed at all positions in the X, Y two-dimensional direction when the whole fuel cell reacts, the heat distribution in the whole fuel cell is uniform, and the service life of the whole fuel cell is prolonged.
In some embodiments, the flow directions of air flowing in the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures are set to be non-parallel to each other.
Thus, by providing the above arrangement, the degree of the cross flow of the air introduced into the high-performance fuel cell during operation can be enhanced, and the distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the fuel cell can be improved as a whole.
In some embodiments, the flow channel directions of the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures are set to be different.
By designing the flow passage direction of the flow passage in this manner, the degree of the staggered flow of the air introduced into the high-performance fuel cell during operation can be enhanced, and the distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the fuel cell can be improved as a whole.
In some embodiments, the flow directions of air flowing in the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged to be perpendicular to each other.
Thus, by providing the above arrangement, the degree of the cross flow of the air introduced into the high-performance fuel cell during operation of the high-performance fuel cell can be enhanced, and the distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid of the whole fuel cell can be increased.
In some embodiments, the flow channel directions of the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged to be non-parallel to each other.
By designing the flow passage direction of the flow passage in this manner, the degree of the staggered flow of the air introduced into the high-performance fuel cell during operation can be enhanced, and the distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the fuel cell can be improved as a whole.
In some embodiments, two air inlet and outlet structure groups are respectively arranged on the anode plate and the cathode plate of each plate assembly.
Therefore, through the arrangement, the fuel cells adjacently arranged in the high-performance fuel cells can be arranged in the two groups of different air inlet and outlet structures in a staggered manner, so that the structural performance of the polar plate assembly is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the number of the air inlet and outlet structures is too large, the manufacturing cost of the polar plate assembly is increased, and the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the fuel cells can be effectively improved.
In some embodiments, the flow channel directions of the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged to be perpendicular to each other.
Therefore, by designing the flow passage direction of the flow passage, the positions of the flow passages of the air in the high-performance fuel cell are staggered, so that the staggered flow degree of the air in the high-performance fuel cell is enhanced when the high-performance fuel cell is in operation, and the distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the fuel cell is improved as a whole.
In some embodiments, each set of air inlet and outlet structures is disposed through the anode and cathode plates of the respective plate assembly, and all sets of air inlet and outlet structures located at the same position of the plate assemblies of all the battery cells in the stacked arrangement form a common set of ducts for introducing air into and removing air from the flow channels of each cathode plate.
Thus, by the arrangement, the common duct can be formed by the air inlet and outlet structure, so that air can be introduced into the flow channel of the cathode plate and discharged from the flow channel of the cathode plate.
In some embodiments, each set of air inlet and outlet structures includes an air inlet and an air outlet;
the air inlets of the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups on the same polar plate assembly are respectively arranged on different sides of the polar plate assembly, and the air outlets of the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups on the same polar plate assembly are respectively arranged on different sides of the polar plate assembly.
Thus, by providing the above arrangement, the arrangement positions of the air inlet and the air outlet of the different air inlets and outlets can be shifted, and it is possible to ensure that air on the adjacent battery cells in the high-performance fuel cell can flow alternately.
In some embodiments, the air inlets and air outlets of the same set of air inlet and outlet structures on the same plate assembly are disposed on opposite sides of the plate assembly, respectively.
By this arrangement, the positions of the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged opposite to each other, so that the flow direction of the air flowing on the cathode plate of the plate assembly is ensured, and the air flowing in the adjacent different battery units can be distributed and flowed in a staggered manner.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of cathode plates of two adjacent cells in a high performance fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of cathode plates on adjacent cells of a high performance fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of cathode plates on adjacent cells of a high performance fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of cathode plates on adjacent cells of a high performance fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a stacked battery cell in a high-performance fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 11. a first air inlet; 12. a first air outlet; 21. a second air inlet; 22. a second air outlet; 3. a cathode plate; 31. a flow passage; 4. and sharing the pipeline.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," comprising, "or" includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The fuel cell comprises at least two groups of stacked battery units, each battery unit comprises a polar plate component and a membrane electrode, the polar plate component comprises an anode polar plate and a cathode polar plate, and the membrane electrode is arranged between the anode polar plate and the cathode polar plate.
For a general battery unit, only one group of air inlet and outlet structures, one group of hydrogen inlet and outlet structures and one group of coolant inlet and outlet structures are arranged on the polar plate component. The anode plate is provided with an anode flow passage on one surface facing the membrane electrode, hydrogen enters from a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen inlet and outlet structure, flows along the anode flow passage to react with the membrane electrode, hydrogen is catalyzed and oxidized to release electrons and form hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through a proton exchange membrane of the membrane electrode to reach a cathode side, the electrons are conducted to the cathode side through an external circuit, and the hydrogen which does not get to react is discharged from a hydrogen outlet. The cathode flow channel is arranged on one surface of the cathode plate facing the membrane electrode, oxygen enters from the air inlet of the air inlet and outlet structure, flows along the cathode flow channel to react with the membrane electrode, is reduced by electrons and reacts with hydrogen ions of the proton exchange membrane passing through the membrane electrode to generate water to be discharged from the air outlet, and oxygen which does not reach the reaction is discharged from the air outlet.
In the fuel cell having such a structure, the pressure drop in the common conduit of the fuel cell is high during actual operation, which may cause maldistribution of the gas amount and flow rate of the entire fuel cell in the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the membrane electrode in the fuel cell), and this situation may become more remarkable in the fuel cell having a longer length (i.e., the greater number of single cell combinations). In order to solve the technical problems, the invention newly adds a group of air inlets and outlets in the fuel cell so that air can be differentiated when being distributed in each cell unit in the fuel cell, thereby improving the uniformity of distribution of gas and fluid in the X, Y two-dimensional direction (namely the length and width directions of the membrane electrode), effectively solving the problems of uneven distribution of gas and flow velocity in the Z-axis direction of the fuel cell and ensuring that the distribution of the flow velocity, temperature, pressure and the like of the gas and the fluid in the whole fuel cell is more uniform.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic structure of a cathode plate 3 of two adjacent battery units in a high performance fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, in the present invention, at least two sets of air inlet and outlet structures are disposed on a plate assembly, wherein each set of air inlet and outlet structures on different plate assemblies are disposed in the same manner, that is, for a set of air inlet and outlet structures disposed on a plate assembly, the disposition positions of the air inlet and outlet structures disposed on different plate assemblies are the same, and the disposition structures on different plate assemblies are the same. And at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged on the polar plate assemblies, and each group of air inlet and outlet structures is provided with a corresponding arrangement position on each polar plate assembly. Therefore, the arrangement positions of the same group of air inlet and outlet structures on the anode plate and the cathode plate 3 are the same, namely at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged on the anode plate, and the at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are also arranged on the same position on the cathode plate 3. And the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assemblies connected with the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in at least part of the battery units are different from the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assemblies connected with the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in other battery units. It should be noted that, the difference here refers to that the positions of the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assemblies connected to the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in some battery units are different from the positions of the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assemblies connected to the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in other battery units, and the plate assemblies include two sets of air inlet and outlet structures, where one set of air inlet and outlet structures is located at the upper and lower ends of the plate assemblies and the other set of air inlet and outlet structures is located at the left and right sides of the plate assemblies, for example, the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 of at least some battery units are connected to the set of air inlet and outlet structures located at the upper and lower ends, and the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 of other battery units are connected to the set of air inlet and outlet structures located at the left and right sides. Therefore, the distribution times when the air is introduced and distributed to the polar plate assembly through the same common pipeline 4 can be reduced, so that the distribution quantity of each time when the air is introduced and distributed to the polar plate assembly through the same common pipeline 4 can be more uniform, and the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the whole fuel cell can be effectively improved.
As a preferred embodiment, the plate assemblies in each battery unit may be arranged such that the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in the adjacent battery units are respectively connected with different groups of air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assemblies. At this time, the air inlet and outlet structures connected with the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in the two adjacent battery units are different, so that the number of the plate assemblies connected with the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups is similar, and further the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the whole fuel cell can be better improved. Further, the flow direction of the air when flowing in the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 connecting different groups of air inlet and outlet structures is set to be different. At this time, the heat generating points of the whole fuel cell can be uniformly distributed at each position in the X, Y two-dimensional direction during the reaction, so that the heat distribution in the whole fuel cell is uniform, and the service life of the whole fuel cell is prolonged. In combination with the above, that is, in the high-performance fuel cell stack of this embodiment, the structure of the cathode plate 3 to which the two membrane electrode structures disposed adjacently are connected is different, and the difference in structure may be embodied in particular in the design of the disposition position of the air inlet and outlet structure, and in the difference in the flow direction when air flows in the flow passage 31 on the cathode plate 3. Illustratively, referring to fig. 1, a schematic structure of a cathode plate 3 of a plate assembly of two adjacent groups of cells in a fuel cell is shown in fig. 1, wherein two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged on the plate assembly, channels 31 on the cathode plate 3 of the two adjacent groups of cells are connected with different groups of air inlets and outlets, and directions of the channels 31 on the cathode plate 3 of the two adjacent groups of cells are different. By the arrangement, the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 of the adjacent battery units are respectively connected with the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups on the corresponding plate assemblies, and the flowing directions of the air flowing in the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 of the adjacent battery units are different, so that when the oxygen flows in the adjacent battery units, the flowing directions of the oxygen are different under the guiding action of the air inlet and outlet structures and the flow channels 31, and further, in the integral high-performance fuel cell, the oxygen in the adjacent battery units can form cross distribution when flowing, the gas and the fluid of each battery unit in the fuel cell can flow from different directions, therefore, the distribution uniformity of gas and fluid in the X, Y two-dimensional direction (namely the length and width directions of the membrane electrode) of the fuel cell can be improved on the whole, the heat distribution in the whole fuel cell is uniform, the flow velocity distribution uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the fuel cell in the Z-axis direction (namely the direction perpendicular to the membrane electrode in the fuel cell) can be improved, parameters such as the flow velocity, the temperature and the pressure of the whole fuel cell can be distributed more uniformly, the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is more uniform, hot spots in the X, Y two-dimensional direction are not easy to cause, and the service life of the membrane electrode is prolonged.
As a possible embodiment, the arrangement of the flow direction when the air flows in the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 on the adjacent battery cells may be arranged in such a manner that the flow directions are opposite. The arrangement mode that the flow direction of air flows in the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 on the adjacent arranged battery units is opposite, so that the flows of the internal air can be staggered when the formed high-performance fuel battery works, the flow speed and the flow quantity of gas and fluid in the whole fuel battery can be compensated from different directions, and the uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the whole fuel battery is improved. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the left and right drawings in fig. 2 are two different cathode plate 3 structures, and the flow direction is opposite to the flow direction when air flows in the flow channel 31, so that the flow channel 31 is similar, but the flow channels 31 are connected to different groups of air inlet and outlet structures. The air inlet and outlet structure connected with the flow channel 31 on the cathode plate 3 in the left drawing in fig. 2 is the first air inlet 11 positioned at the left upper corner of the left drawing in fig. 2 and the first air outlet 12 positioned at the right lower corner of the left drawing in fig. 2, and the air inlet and outlet structure connected with the flow channel 31 on the cathode plate 3 in the right drawing in fig. 2 is the second air inlet 21 positioned at the left lower corner of the right drawing in fig. 1 and the second air outlet 22 positioned at the right upper corner of the right drawing in fig. 2. During operation, air can flow into the flow channel 31 from the first air inlet 11 and the second air at the same time, and because the air inlets communicated with the flow channel 31 in the two different cathode plates 3 are different, the flowing directions of the air in the cathode plates 3 are also different after the air enters the cathode plates 3, so that the flowing directions of oxygen in the two flowing directions are opposite, and the flowing directions of the internal air are staggered, so that the flow rate and the air quantity of the gas and the fluid in the whole fuel cell can be compensated from different directions, and the uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the whole fuel cell is improved.
Further, in order to increase the degree of the staggered flow of oxygen when oxygen in the adjacently disposed battery cells flows, the flow direction when air flows in the flow channels 31 of the cathode electrode plates 3 on the adjacently disposed battery cells may also be optimally set such that the flow directions when air flows in the flow channels 31 are not parallel to each other. The non-parallel arrangement is understood to mean that the air flow direction is not in the same direction or in opposite directions when flowing through the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 on adjacent cells. At this time, a certain angle is formed between the flowing directions of the air flowing in the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 in the adjacent battery cells, so that the degree of oxygen crossing is higher when the oxygen in the adjacent battery cells flows. The flow directions of the air flowing in the flow channels 31 are not parallel to each other, and can be embodied by different structures of the flow channels 31 on the cathode plate 3, specifically, referring to fig. 3, in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the left and right diagrams in fig. 3 are two different structures of the cathode plate 3, and it can be seen that the flow channels 31 directions of the two structures have an included angle, so that the air flowing in the flow channels 31 of the two different cathode plates 3 has an included angle of a certain angle. The direction of the flow channel 31 on the cathode plate 3 in the left view in fig. 3 is the vertical direction in the drawing, the connected air inlet and outlet structures are the first air inlet 11 positioned at the upper left corner in the left view in fig. 2 and the first air outlet 12 positioned at the lower right corner in the left view in fig. 3, while the direction of the flow channel 31 on the cathode plate 3 in the right view in fig. 3 is arranged at an angle with respect to the vertical direction, and the connected air inlet and outlet structures are the second air inlet 21 positioned at the upper right corner in the right view in fig. 3 and the second air outlet 22 positioned at the lower left corner in the right view in fig. 3.
As a preferred embodiment, to further increase the degree of the staggered flow of oxygen when oxygen flows in the adjacent cells, the flow direction of air when flowing in the flow channels 31 of the cathode plates 3 on the adjacent cells may be set to be perpendicular to each other in the flow channel 31 direction, thereby enabling the degree of the cross distribution of oxygen to be maximized. Specifically, referring to fig. 4, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the left and right diagrams in fig. 4 are two different cathode plate 3 structures, and it can be seen that the flow channels 31 of the two structures are arranged vertically. The direction of the flow channel 31 on the cathode plate 3 in the left view in fig. 4 is the vertical direction in the drawing, the connected air inlet and outlet structures are the first air inlet 11 positioned at the upper left corner in the left view in fig. 3 and the first air outlet 12 positioned at the lower right corner in the left view in fig. 4, while the direction of the flow channel 31 on the cathode plate 3 in the right view in fig. 4 is the horizontal direction in the drawing, and the connected air inlet and outlet structures are the second air inlet 21 positioned at the upper right corner in the right view in fig. 4 and the second air outlet 22 positioned at the lower left corner in the right view in fig. 4.
And for the air inlet and outlet structure on the polar plate assembly, only two groups of air inlet and outlet structures can be arranged, so that the difference of the air inlet and outlet structures connected with the flow channels 31 of the cathode polar plates 3 on the adjacently arranged battery units can be realized. By the arrangement, the manufacturing difficulty and cost in the process of designing and manufacturing the polar plate assembly can be effectively reduced, and the formed effect can be more stable. It will be appreciated that, since in the fuel cell, the air inlet and outlet structure, the hydrogen inlet and outlet structure and the coolant inlet and outlet structure on each group of the battery cells form a group of the common duct 4, so that the oxygen, the hydrogen and the coolant are distributed to the plate assemblies of the respective battery cells by introducing the oxygen, the hydrogen and the coolant into the common duct, and the oxygen, the hydrogen and the coolant are discharged from the plate assemblies of the respective battery cells, for the two groups of the air inlet and outlet structures on the plate assemblies, although the hydrogen inlet and outlet structure on the anode plate does not need to be provided with a plurality of groups, the corresponding air inlet and outlet structure still needs to be provided on the anode plate at the same time. Specifically, referring to fig. 5, air inlet and outlet structures are provided through the anode plate and the cathode plate 3, and the same group of air inlet and outlet structures on the anode plate and the cathode plate 3 on the stacked battery cells form a common duct 4, wherein an air inlet in the air inlet and outlet structure forms the common duct 4 for introducing air into the flow channel 31 of the cathode plate 3, and an air outlet in the air inlet and outlet structure forms the common duct 4 for discharging air from the flow channel 31 of the cathode plate 3.
The air inlet and outlet structure comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet which are positioned on the same polar plate component can be respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the polar plate component. And the air inlets of different groups on the same polar plate assembly can be respectively arranged on different sides of the polar plate assembly, and the air outlets of different groups on the same polar plate assembly can also be respectively arranged on different sides of the polar plate assembly. Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the first air inlets 11 of the first group of air inlet and outlet structures are disposed at the upper side, and the first air outlets 12 are disposed at the lower side, so that the air inlets and air outlets of the same group are disposed at opposite sides of the plate assembly, respectively, while the second air inlets 21 of the second group of air inlet and outlet structures are disposed at the right side, and the second air outlets 22 are disposed at the left side, so that the air inlets and air outlets between the different groups are disposed at different sides of the plate assembly. The arrangement is such that the air inlets and the air outlets of the two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are respectively arranged on four sides of the polar plate assembly, so that when oxygen in the adjacent battery units flows, the direction of the oxygen flow has a crossed trend under the guiding action of the air inlet and outlet structures, and meanwhile, under the guiding action of the flow channel 31 of the cathode polar plate 3, the oxygen in the adjacent battery units can form crossed distribution when flowing, thereby making up the flow velocity and the air quantity of the gas and the fluid in the integral fuel cell from different directions and improving the uniformity of the gas and the fluid in the integral fuel cell.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting thereof; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (10)
1. The high-performance fuel cell is characterized by comprising at least two groups of stacked battery units, wherein each group of battery units comprises a polar plate assembly and a membrane electrode, the polar plate assembly comprises an anode polar plate and a cathode polar plate, and the membrane electrode is arranged between the anode polar plate and the cathode polar plate;
at least two groups of air inlet and outlet structures are respectively arranged on each polar plate assembly, the arrangement modes of the air inlet and outlet structures of the groups of polar plate assemblies on different polar plate assemblies are the same, and the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding polar plate assemblies connected with the flow channels of the cathode polar plates in at least part of the battery units are different from the air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding polar plate assemblies connected with the flow channels of the cathode polar plates in other battery units.
2. The high performance fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the flow channels of the cathode plates in adjacent cells are each connected to a different set of air inlet and outlet structures on the corresponding plate assembly.
3. The high performance fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the flow direction of the air flowing in the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting the different groups of air inlet and outlet structures is set to be different.
4. A high performance fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the flow direction of the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting the different sets of air inlet and outlet structures is set to be different.
5. A high performance fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the flow directions of the air flowing in the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting the different sets of air inlet and outlet structures are set to be non-parallel to each other.
6. The high performance fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the flow directions of the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting the different sets of air inlet and outlet structures are set not parallel to each other.
7. The high performance fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein flow directions when flowing in the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting the different sets of air inlet and outlet structures are set to be perpendicular to each other.
8. The high performance fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the flow directions of the flow channels of the cathode plates connecting the different sets of air inlet and outlet structures are arranged to be perpendicular to each other.
9. The high performance fuel cell of claim 1, wherein each of the anode and cathode plates of each plate assembly is provided with two sets of air inlet and outlet structures, each set of air inlet and outlet structures being disposed through the anode and cathode plates of the corresponding plate assembly, all sets of air inlet and outlet structures located at the same position of the plate assemblies of all the battery cells in the stacked arrangement forming a common set of ducts for introducing air into and removing air from the flow channels of each cathode plate.
10. The high performance fuel cell of claim 9, wherein each set of air inlet and outlet structures includes an air inlet and an air outlet;
the air inlets of the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups on the same polar plate assembly are respectively arranged on different sides of the polar plate assembly, and the air outlets of the air inlet and outlet structures of different groups on the same polar plate assembly are respectively arranged on different sides of the polar plate assembly.
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