CN117724209A - Butt joint method suitable for large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents
Butt joint method suitable for large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of light guide coupling, and particularly relates to a butt joint method suitable for a large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber. Stripping end coating layers of two sections of optical fibers to be butted and precisely cutting end surfaces; cutting two sections of glass tubes with inner diameters larger than the outer diameters of the optical fibers to enable the end surfaces of the two sections of glass tubes to be neat; placing the optical fiber right opposite to each other, sleeving a corresponding glass tube, and ensuring that the glass tube is not contacted with the optical fiber; aligning the optical fibers and adjusting the distance; aligning the glass tube and adjusting the distance; welding the glass tube; bonding the glass tube and the optical fiber. The butt joint method provided by the invention can be used for butt joint of large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers, and can overcome the problems of hole collapse and mechanical strength reduction in the butt joint process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of light guide coupling, and particularly relates to a butt joint method suitable for a large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber.
Background
Arc discharge fusion technique is the most common optical fiber fusion method in the current optical fiber communication engineering. Firstly, the end faces of two optical fibers to be welded are precisely cut and flattened through a professional optical fiber cutting tool, and the end faces are ensured to be free of dust, grease and other impurities. And then placing the cleaned optical fibers into an optical fiber fusion splicer, and realizing the precise alignment of the end faces of the two optical fibers through a microscopic imaging system. As illustrated in fig. 1, during the alignment process, the optical fibers are respectively clamped and driven by the clamps at both sides of the motor alignment system to perform fine adjustment, so that the axes of the two optical fibers are overlapped as much as possible. When the end face of the optical fiber reaches an ideal alignment state, the welding machine generates arc discharge through the electrode, and high temperature generated by the arc acts on a welding part to melt and weld the end faces of the optical fiber together, and a stable welding joint is formed after cooling.
The arc discharge welding is convenient to implement and low in cost, and is suitable for batch welding of conventional optical fibers. However, unlike conventional optical fibers, photonic crystal fibers (Photonic Crystal Fiber, PCFs) have a series of tiny air hole structures axially ordered within their cladding to achieve efficient guiding and axial transmission of the light beam. This unique waveguide configuration imparts a range of unique properties to photonic crystal fibers beyond conventional fibers, such as infinite single mode transmission capability, temperature-independent stability, bend insensitivity, and good radiation resistance. The special porous internal structure in the photonic crystal fiber brings serious challenges to fusion, for example, the conventional fiber fusion technology is directly applied, so that the problems of collapse of the porous structure, great increase of fusion loss, reduction of the overall strength of the fiber and the like are caused. The arc discharge instantaneous temperature is high, the temperature field near the electrode is uneven and difficult to control accurately, hole collapse of welding parts is aggravated, the optical fiber structure is changed, and welding loss is increased. Although the hole collapse can be reduced to a certain extent by adjusting welding parameters such as discharge time, discharge current and the like, the reduction is limited, and the mechanical strength of a welding part is always required to be sacrificed, so that the practical engineering application is not facilitated.
For fusion splicing of photonic crystal fibers, as described in patent publications such as CN102890309A, CN1969208A, CN101571611A, CN104166183A, CN104297849a, there are many studies on fusion splicing of photonic crystal fibers with ordinary fibers and fusion splicing of small-diameter photonic crystal fibers. For example, patent CN104297849a proposes a method suitable for fusion splicing of 125 μm diameter photonic crystal fiber and 125 μm photonic crystal fiber, in which the end faces of the fiber need to be pushed toward each other and the overlapping degree needs to be precisely controlled. The method can reduce pore collapse to a certain extent in the process of small-size optical fiber fusion, but still is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of pore collapse and mechanical strength reduction caused by local high-temperature fusion. And it is expected that as the fiber size increases, the amount of discharge required for fusion splicing increases, causing the photonic crystal fiber air hole collapse to further increase.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a butt joint method suitable for large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber, and solves the problems of hole collapse and mechanical strength reduction in the butt joint process.
The invention provides a butt joint method suitable for a large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing two sections of large-mode-field photonic crystal fibers to be spliced, stripping coating layers from the spliced ends of the fibers to form a coating-removed section, and cutting the end surfaces of the coating-removed section well;
step S2: preparing two sections of glass tubes to be butted, and cutting the butted end of each section of glass tube well; the inner diameter of the glass tube is larger than the outer diameter of the optical fiber;
step S3: arranging the two sections of optical fibers prepared in the step S1 in a manner of opposite facing each other, wherein the coating-removed sections of the two sections of optical fibers are opposite to each other; sleeving the two sections of glass tubes prepared in the step S2 on the two sections of optical fibers respectively, wherein butt joint ends of the two sections of glass tubes are opposite to each other; controlling the coating removal section to expose the glass tube, and controlling the glass tube not to contact with the optical fiber inside; the extending direction of the glass tube is marked as the Z-axis direction;
step S4: aligning stress axes of the two sections of optical fibers, aligning the two sections of optical fibers in a direction perpendicular to a Z axis, and adjusting the distance between the end surfaces of the uncoated sections of the two sections of optical fibers in the Z axis to be 8-26 mu m;
step S5: aligning the two sections of glass tubes in the direction vertical to the Z axis, and adjusting the distance between the end faces of the two sections of glass tubes in the Z axis to be 2-5 mu m;
step S6: welding the two sections of glass tubes together;
step S7: and respectively bonding the two sections of optical fibers and the welded glass tube together by using an adhesive.
The method can thoroughly solve the problems of hole collapse and mechanical strength reduction in the butt joint process of the large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber by introducing the glass tube as a welding medium. When the traditional method is used for arc discharge welding, the high temperature can directly influence the air hole structure in the photonic crystal fiber, so that the holes collapse, the welding loss is increased, and the overall strength of the fiber is reduced. The optical fiber is arranged in the glass tube, and only the glass tube is welded, so that the direct effect of the high Wen Duiguang fiber internal hole structure in the welding process is avoided, and the hole collapse is prevented. The optical fiber and the welded glass tube are tightly adhered together by using the adhesive, so that the optical fiber is kept at a stable position, and meanwhile, the welded glass tube is wrapped outside the optical fiber to effectively protect the optical fiber, so that the mechanical strength of a welding part is obviously enhanced, and the optical fiber is prevented from being broken when being impacted by external force in the subsequent use process. In the step S4, the distance between the end faces of the coating-removed sections of the two sections of optical fibers in the Z axis direction is required to be adjusted to 8-26 μm, and experiments prove that the distance can prevent the end faces of the optical fibers from being damaged due to optical fiber shaking and can avoid overlarge loss of laser during transmission of the distance. Therefore, the method successfully bypasses the damage of the traditional welding technology to the special structure in the photonic crystal fiber, and realizes the butt joint of the high-quality and low-loss large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber.
The butt joint method provided by the invention can be used for butt joint of large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers and shows remarkable advantages (large-mode-field fibers are commonly referred to as fibers with a fiber core diameter of more than 10 mu m and a cladding diameter of more than 125 mu m). However, it should also be understood that the method is not limited by the type and size of the optical fiber because the optical fiber is not directly fused, and can be widely applied to the butt joint of other types of optical fibers besides the butt joint of photonic crystal fibers with different diameters.
Further, in step S1, the length of the fiber stripping layer forming the coating removal section is preferably 20mm to 30mm, and the length remaining after cutting the coating removal section is preferably 3mm to 8mm, more preferably 5mm.
Further, in step S1, the angle of the optical fiber after the end face of the coating-removed section is cut does not exceed 1 degree.
Further, in step S2, the difference between the inner diameter of the glass tube and the outer diameter of the optical fiber is 300 μm to 1000. Mu.m, more preferably 400 μm to 600. Mu.m.
Further, in step S2, the glass tube has a wall thickness of 0.2mm to 0.8mm, more preferably 0.4mm to 0.6mm.
Further, in step S2, the cutting angle of the butt end of the glass tube is defined to be within 1 degree.
Further, in step S3, two lengths of optical fiber and two lengths of glass tubing are placed on a fusion device having two sets of motor alignment systems and one set of electrode discharge systems; a first set of motor alignment systems in the fusion apparatus having two clamps each clamping a length of optical fiber for aligning the optical fiber; a second set of motor alignment systems in the fusion apparatus has two clamps each clamping a length of glass tubing for aligning the glass tubing.
Further, in step S4, the distance between the end faces of the uncoated sections of the two optical fibers in the Z-axis direction is 9 μm to 16 μm, further 10 μm to 15 μm, for example 10 μm, 12 μm.
Further, in step S5, the distance between the end faces of the two glass tubes in the Z-axis direction is preferably 4 μm to 5. Mu.m.
Further, in step S6, an arc generated by an electrode discharge system of the welding device is applied to a joint portion of the two glass tubes, and the two glass tubes are welded together.
Further, in step S6, the electrode discharge system of the welding device has three discharge electrodes having an included angle of 120 degrees with each other, and discharge tips of the discharge electrodes are directed to the welding portion.
Further, in step S7, the adhesive used for bonding the optical fiber and the welded glass tube is a flowable adhesive.
Further, in step S7, an adhesive is applied to the end surfaces of both ends of the welded glass tube, and the adhesive is applied over the optical fiber; the adhesive fills in the gap between the glass tube and the optical fiber under the capillary action.
Advantageous effects
The method of the invention avoids the direct action of high temperature on the air hole structure in the photonic crystal fiber during the traditional arc discharge welding, thereby preventing hole collapse and reducing welding loss.
The method of the invention welds the optical fiber in the glass tube, and then uses the adhesive to tightly bond the optical fiber with the welded glass tube, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the joint part and protecting the optical fiber from being broken easily when the optical fiber is subjected to external force.
The method of the invention not only prevents the end surface damage caused by the fiber shake, but also avoids the excessive loss in the laser transmission process by accurately adjusting the distance between the end surfaces of the fibers, thereby realizing the butt joint with high quality and low loss.
The method of the invention is not limited by the type and the size of the optical fiber because the optical fiber is not directly welded, and can be applied to the butt joint of photonic crystal optical fibers with different diameters and other types of optical fibers.
The large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber obtained by butt joint through the method provided by the invention has excellent performance in experimental tests, and the optical-optical efficiency of part of samples is close to that of unwelded photonic crystal fibers with the same length.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of fusion-splicing optical fibers using a conventional arc discharge fusion-splicing technique.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spliced optical fiber during a fiber alignment stage using the method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the docking area of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a butt-jointed optical fiber at a fusion stage of a glass tube using the method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the sizing region.
Fig. 6 is a physical diagram of the optical fibers after splicing.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the results of performance testing of the samples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Taking the DC-200-40-PZ-Yb fiber produced by NKT company as an example, the fiber core diameter is 40 μm, the inner cladding diameter is 200 μm, the outer cladding diameter is 450 μm, and the coating diameter is 540 μm.
Two sections of DC-200-40-PZ-Yb optical fibers with the length of 1 meter are selected, namely an optical fiber G1 and an optical fiber G2. The coating layer at one end of each section of optical fiber is stripped, the stripping length of the coating layer is 20mm, and a special optical fiber cutting knife CT106 of vine warehouse company is used for cutting the stripping part after wiping cleanly, so that the cutting length is 15mm.
After the cutting is completed, the angle of the cut end faces of the optical fibers G1 and G2 is measured by using a rattan bin 100P+ optical fiber fusion splicer, and the angle of the optical fibers is ensured not to exceed 1 degree, and the end faces are used for subsequent butt joint. If the fiber angle exceeds 1 degree, a re-cut is required until the fiber angle does not exceed 1 degree.
And (3) taking a glass tube with the inner diameter of 1.0mm and the wall thickness of 0.50mm, wiping, and cutting to obtain two sections of glass tubes with the length of 10mm, namely a glass tube B1 and a glass tube B2. When the special optical fiber cutter CT106 is used for cutting the glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2, the cutting angle of one end is limited to be within 1 degree for subsequent butt joint.
The cut optical fibers G1, G2, glass tube B1, and B2 were placed on a fusion device having two sets of motor alignment systems and one set of electrode discharge systems. As shown in fig. 2, the first set of motor alignment systems has a clamp J1 and a clamp J2, wherein clamp J1 clamps fiber G1 and clamp J2 clamps fiber G2; the second set of motor alignment systems has a clamp J3 and a clamp J4, wherein the clamp J3 clamps the glass tube B1 and the clamp J4 clamps the glass tube B2. Clamp J3 and clamp J4 are closer to the central docking area than clamp J1 and clamp J2. The optical fiber G1 passes through the glass tube B1, the optical fiber G2 passes through the glass tube B2, and the optical fiber G1 is directly opposite to the optical fiber G2 at the central butt region. As shown in fig. 3, the coating layer stripped portion of the optical fiber G1 is exposed with respect to the glass tube B1, and the coating layer stripped portion of the optical fiber G2 is exposed with respect to the glass tube B2.
The ends of the optical fibers G1 and G2 were aligned using a first set of motor alignment systems, including alignment of stress axes and alignment in XY directions, and the distance in the z-axis direction was adjusted after alignment so that the distance between the end faces of the optical fibers G1 and G2 was 10 μm.
The positions of the glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2 were adjusted using a second set of motor alignment system so that the glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2 were aligned in the XY direction and the end face distance was reduced to 5 μm.
The glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2 were welded using an electrode discharge system. As shown in fig. 4, the electrode discharge system has three discharge electrodes having an included angle of 120 degrees with each other, namely, an electrode D1, an electrode D2 and an electrode D3, wherein the discharge tips of the discharge electrodes are directed toward the welding portion, and the arc generated by the discharge welds the end surfaces of the glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2 together. During discharging, the clamp J3 and the clamp J4 clamp the glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2 and rotate around the axis so as to improve the uniformity of welding parts, the clamp J1 and the clamp J1 clamp the optical fiber G1 and the optical fiber G2 and keep static, and the aligned optical fiber G1 and the aligned optical fiber G2 are prevented from shifting.
After welding, dispensing is performed on the outer end surfaces of the glass tube B1 and the glass tube B2, and the dispensing positions are located right above the optical fibers G1 and G2. Taking dispensing on the outer end face of the glass tube B1 as an example, as shown in fig. 5, the glue applying region S1 is located on the outer end face of the glass tube B1 and directly above the optical fiber G1. The adhesive has fluidity, and after the adhesive is applied to the gluing area S1, the adhesive flows to the surface of the optical fiber G1 under the action of gravity and further enters a gap between the glass tube B1 and the optical fiber G1 under the action of capillary force to bond the glass tube B1 and the optical fiber G1 together. The same method is used to glue the glass tube B2 to the optical fiber G2. And after the adhesive is completely solidified, obtaining the large-mode-field polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber which is in butt joint, as shown in fig. 6.
Examples 2 to 5
The procedure of reference example 1 was followed to butt-joint large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers, except that the first motor alignment system was used to adjust the Z-axis positions of the optical fibers G1 and G2 so that the end face distances of the optical fibers G1 and G2 were different. Specifically, the end face distance of the optical fibers G1 and G2 in example 2 was adjusted to 5 μm, the end face distance of the optical fibers G1 and G2 in example 3 was adjusted to 15 μm, the end face distance of the optical fibers G1 and G2 in example 4 was adjusted to 20 μm, and the end face distance of the optical fibers G1 and G2 in example 5 was adjusted to 25 μm.
Performance testing
Five samples were randomly selected for each example for performance testing as follows. One end of the sample prepared in the example was welded to a common polarization maintaining fiber PLMA-GDF-30/250, and the other end was welded to an end cap, and the sample was connected to a fiber laser as a main amplification stage, and the measured optical efficiency was averaged, and the result was shown in FIG. 7.
The result shows that when the distance between the end faces of the optical fibers is adjusted to be 10 μm or 15 μm, the optical efficiency of a sample (the length is about 2 m) can reach about 70 percent, and the optical efficiency of the photonic crystal fiber joint is close to that of the photonic crystal fiber joint of 2m (about 72.3 percent); when the fiber end face distance is adjusted to 20 μm or 25 μm, the optical-optical efficiency exceeds 60%. When the distance between the end faces of the optical fibers is adjusted to 5 μm, the end faces of the optical fibers are likely to be scratched by shaking (three out of five samples extracted) because the end face distance is too small, which is not practical.
The above embodiments are illustrative for the purpose of illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The butt joint method for the large-mode-field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: preparing two sections of optical fibers to be spliced, stripping coating layers from the spliced ends of the optical fibers to form a coating-removing section, and cutting the end surfaces of the coating-removing section;
step S2: preparing two sections of glass tubes to be butted, and cutting the butted end of each section of glass tube well; the inner diameter of the glass tube is larger than the outer diameter of the optical fiber;
step S3: arranging the two sections of optical fibers prepared in the step S1 in a manner of opposite facing each other, wherein the coating-removed sections of the two sections of optical fibers are opposite to each other; sleeving the two sections of glass tubes prepared in the step S2 on the two sections of optical fibers respectively, wherein butt joint ends of the two sections of glass tubes are opposite to each other; controlling the coating removal section to expose the glass tube, and controlling the glass tube not to contact with the optical fiber inside; the extending direction of the glass tube is marked as the Z-axis direction;
step S4: aligning stress axes of the two sections of optical fibers, aligning the two sections of optical fibers in a direction perpendicular to a Z axis, and adjusting the distance between the end surfaces of the uncoated sections of the two sections of optical fibers in the Z axis to be 8-26 mu m;
step S5: aligning the two sections of glass tubes in the direction vertical to the Z axis, and adjusting the distance between the end faces of the two sections of glass tubes in the Z axis to be 2-5 mu m;
step S6: welding the two sections of glass tubes together;
step S7: and respectively bonding the two sections of optical fibers and the welded glass tube together by using an adhesive.
2. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: the two sections of optical fibers to be spliced are large-mode-field photonic crystal fibers, the diameter of the fiber core is more than 10 mu m, and the diameter of the cladding is more than 125 mu m.
3. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the length of a coating removing section formed by the optical fiber stripping layer is 20 mm-30 mm, and the length reserved after the cutting of the coating removing section is 3 mm-8 mm; after the end face of the coating-removed section is cut, the angle of the optical fiber is not more than 1 degree.
4. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the difference between the inner diameter of the glass tube and the outer diameter of the optical fiber is 300-1000 mu m; the wall thickness of the glass tube is 0.2 mm-0.8 mm.
5. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the cutting angle of the butt end of the glass tube is defined to be within 1 degree.
6. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, two lengths of optical fiber and two lengths of glass tubing are placed on a fusion device having two sets of motor alignment systems and one set of electrode discharge system; a first set of motor alignment systems in the fusion apparatus having two clamps each clamping a length of optical fiber for aligning the optical fiber; a second set of motor alignment systems in the fusion apparatus has two clamps each clamping a length of glass tubing for aligning the glass tubing.
7. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the distance between the end faces of the uncoated sections of the two sections of optical fibers in the Z-axis direction is 9-16 μm.
8. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in step S6, the arc generated by the electrode discharge system of the welding device acts on the joint part of the two sections of glass tubes, and the two sections of glass tubes are welded together; the electrode discharge system of the welding device is provided with three discharge electrodes with an included angle of 120 degrees, and the discharge tips of the discharge electrodes are all directed to the welding part.
9. The method for butt-jointing large mode field polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibers according to claim 1, wherein: in step S7, the adhesive used for bonding the optical fiber and the welded glass tube is a flowable adhesive.
10. The method for splicing large mode area polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber according to claim 9, wherein: in step S7, an adhesive is applied to the end surfaces of the two ends of the welded glass tube, and the adhesive is applied above the optical fiber; the adhesive fills in the gap between the glass tube and the optical fiber under the capillary action.
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| CN1969208A (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2007-05-23 | 株式会社藤仓 | Connection method and connecting structure for photonic crystal fiber |
| CN101251623A (en) * | 2008-03-22 | 2008-08-27 | 燕山大学 | Fusion splicing devices and methods of photon crystal optical fiber |
| CN101571611A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2009-11-04 | 阮双琛 | All-fiber coupling implementation device and method of photonic crystal fiber |
| US20130195409A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2013-08-01 | Sei Optifrontier Co., Ltd | Method for fusion splicing optical fibers |
| CN103033200A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Forming method of optical fiber method-perot sensor and optical fiber method-perot cavity |
| CN102890309A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber and panda fiber welding method |
| CN103676003A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 北京航天时代光电科技有限公司 | Welding method of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber |
| CN104166183A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-11-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Double-clad fiber and photonic crystal fiber connecting method |
| CN104297849A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-01-21 | 成磊 | Welding method for photonic crystal fibers |
| CN116520495A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Connection structure and connection method of photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber |
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