CN117722922A - Curved surface coordinate measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Curved surface coordinate measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117722922A CN117722922A CN202311515081.4A CN202311515081A CN117722922A CN 117722922 A CN117722922 A CN 117722922A CN 202311515081 A CN202311515081 A CN 202311515081A CN 117722922 A CN117722922 A CN 117722922A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification provides a measurement device and a measurement method for curved surface coordinates, relates to the technical field of irregular surface or contour measurement, and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a perforated flat plate, a first scale mark, a second scale mark, a third scale mark, a fourth scale mark, a fifth scale mark, a sixth scale mark, a seventh scale mark, a eighth scale mark, a third scale mark, a fourth scale mark, a fifth scale mark, a sixth scale mark, a seventh scale mark, a third scale mark, a fourth scale mark, a fifth scale mark, a sixth scale mark, and the fourth scale mark is arranged on the perforated flat plate, and the perforated flat plate is arranged on the perforated flat plate, and the perforated through holes are evenly arranged along the X axis and the Y axis direction of the perforated flat plate at certain intervals; the distance measuring needle comprises a needle body, wherein the needle body is a cylinder with the same upper and lower diameters, and a second scale mark is arranged on the cylinder. The curved surface coordinate data can be effectively measured through the cooperation of the perforated flat plate and the distance measuring needle, the perforated flat plate can be arranged in various operating environments, and the defects of high cost, limited operating environments and the like of electronic measuring equipment are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The specification relates to the technical field of irregular surface or contour measurement, in particular to a curved surface coordinate measuring device and a curved surface coordinate measuring method.
Background
In the reverse mapping work, there is a need for measuring curved coordinates (such as curved surfaces of the wing surface of the unmanned aerial vehicle), if advanced electronic equipment such as laser scanning is used for measuring the appearance of the complex curved surfaces, the method has the characteristics of high accuracy, high automation level and the like, but the economic cost is higher. Moreover, because the large electronic measurement device may not be placed around the surface to be measured due to the working environment, a simpler, more adaptable and portable mechanical curved surface coordinate measuring device is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a curved surface coordinate measuring device and a curved surface coordinate measuring method, so as to achieve the purposes of simple operation and suitability for curved surface coordinate measurement in more working environments.
The embodiment of the specification provides the following technical scheme:
a curved surface coordinate measuring device, comprising:
the device comprises a perforated flat plate, a first scale mark, a second scale mark, a third scale mark, a fourth scale mark, a fifth scale mark, a sixth scale mark, a seventh scale mark, a eighth scale mark, a third scale mark, a fourth scale mark, a fifth scale mark, a sixth scale mark, a seventh scale mark, a third scale mark, a fourth scale mark, a fifth scale mark, a sixth scale mark, and the fourth scale mark is arranged on the perforated flat plate, and the perforated flat plate is arranged on the perforated flat plate, and the perforated through holes are evenly arranged along the X axis and the Y axis direction of the perforated flat plate at certain intervals;
the distance measuring needle comprises a needle body, wherein the needle body is a cylinder with the same upper and lower diameters, and a second scale mark is arranged on the cylinder.
Further, the through hole is in transition fit with the needle body.
Further, the arrangement density of the through holes is proportional to the measurement accuracy of the curved surface coordinates.
Further, the distance measuring needle also comprises a needle tail limit and a needle point, the needle tail limit, the needle body and the needle point are connected in sequence, and the diameters of the needle tail limit, the needle body and the needle point are reduced in sequence.
Further, the diameter of the needle tail limit is larger than the aperture of the through hole.
Further, the elastic modulus of the ranging needle material is greater than 100GPa.
A curved surface coordinate measuring method is applied to a curved surface coordinate measuring device and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of arranging a perforated flat plate above a to-be-measured curved surface, and adjusting the perforated flat plate and the to-be-measured curved surface by using a horizontal auxiliary positioning device, so that the flat surface of the whole perforated flat plate and the to-be-measured curved surface are in horizontal positions and are relatively fixed in positions;
inserting a ranging needle into the through hole of the perforated flat plate until the needle body contacts the curved surface to be measured;
reading X-axis coordinate data of a measuring needle on a flat surface of a flat plate with holes, wherein Y-axis scale of the flat surface is used as Y-axis coordinate data of the measuring result, and the numerical value of a second scale mark on a needle body of the measuring needle is used as Z-axis coordinate data of the measuring result;
according to the requirement of measurement precision, a plurality of distance measuring needles are inserted into the perforated flat plate, the coordinate data of all the distance measuring needles are read to form a coordinate lattice, and the coordinate lattice is used as the curved surface coordinate data of the curved surface to be measured.
Further, according to the Z-axis coordinate data of the measurement result and the Z-axis coordinate data of the installation position of the flat plate with the hole, calculating to obtain the Z-axis absolute coordinate data of the measurement result.
Further, according to the requirement of measurement precision, after one measurement is finished, the perforated flat plate can be moved by a fixed distance along the X-axis and/or Y-axis direction, a group of new coordinate lattices is obtained through re-measurement, and the coordinate lattices and the new coordinate lattices are summarized to generate curved surface coordinate data of the measured curved surface.
Further, the curved surface coordinate data of the measured curved surface is imported into three-dimensional modeling software, and the geometric shape of the measured curved surface is constructed by using the three-dimensional modeling software.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that above-mentioned at least one technical scheme that this description embodiment adopted can reach include at least:
the portable mechanical curved surface coordinate measuring device has the advantages that curved surface coordinate data can be effectively measured through the cooperation of the perforated flat plate and the distance measuring needle, meanwhile, the perforated flat plate can be arranged in various operating environments, and the defects of high cost, limited operating environments and the like of electronic measuring equipment are overcome.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the whole structure of a curved coordinate measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a perforated plate of a curved coordinate measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a distance measuring needle of a curved coordinate measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a perforated plate; 2. limiting the needle tail; 3. a needle body; 4. a needle tip; 5. a distance measuring needle; 6. and a curved surface to be measured.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other advantages and effects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, when the following description of the embodiments is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. The present application may be embodied or carried out in other specific embodiments, and the details of the present application may be modified or changed from various points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present application, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, apparatus may be implemented and/or methods practiced using any number and aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concepts of the application by way of illustration, and only the components related to the application are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
The following describes the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the distance measuring needle 5 is used in conjunction with the perforated plate 1 in measurement to measure the coordinates of the curved surface 6 to be measured.
The distance measuring needles 5 are inserted into the through holes of the perforated flat plate 1, and the matching between each distance measuring needle 5 and the through holes of the perforated flat plate 1 is transition matching (the maximum limit size of the distance measuring needle 5 is larger than the minimum limit size of the through holes, and the minimum limit size of the distance measuring needle 5 is smaller than the maximum limit size of the through holes), so that the needle body 3 of the distance measuring needle 5 can not incline in the measuring process, and the distance measuring needle 5 can not touch the curved surface 6 to be measured in the measuring process or damage the curved surface 6 to be measured in the pressing process due to over-tightening of the matching.
As shown in fig. 2, the perforated flat plate 1 is provided with through holes penetrating through the upper and lower surfaces of the perforated flat plate 1, and the through holes are uniformly arranged at a certain interval in the X-axis and Y-axis directions of the perforated flat plate 1. The size of the perforated plate 1 is not required, but the portability of the measuring device and the size of the single curved surface 6 to be measured need to be balanced (i.e., the measuring device is ensured to be conveniently arranged above the curved surface 6 to be measured while covering the curved surface 6 to be measured as once as possible). To ensure measurement accuracy, the positions of the through holes on the perforated plate 1 need to be accurate and uniform to accurately read out the coordinate values thereof on the plane (i.e., the coordinate values of the X-axis and the Y-axis). The greater the number of through holes used in measurement, the greater the coordinate lattice density in the direction of the X axis and the Y axis, the greater the measurement accuracy, but the longer the operation time during measurement, and conversely, the lower the measurement accuracy, but the simpler the operation, and the effective balance between the accuracy requirement and the measurement time is needed during practical use.
The size of the perforated flat plate 1 can be determined according to the size of the measuring curved surface area, and meanwhile, the whole portability of the measuring device and the settable working environment are achieved. In order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the positions of the through holes on the perforated flat plate 1 need to be accurate and uniform, the X axis and the Y axis are respectively provided with a first scale mark so as to accurately read the coordinate values of the through holes on the XY plane, the density of the through holes is not required, and the number of the through holes can be determined according to the actual measurement accuracy. The processing of the flat surface and the through hole portion of the perforated flat plate 1 needs to ensure hardness to prevent abrasion of multiple uses (repeated insertion and removal of the distance measuring needle 5) from causing inaccuracy of subsequent readings, and to ensure flatness of the flat surface and make it an upper surface of an auxiliary reading in measurement to accurately measure coordinate values perpendicular to the plate direction (Z-axis direction).
As shown in fig. 3, the distance measuring needle 5 is composed of a needle tail limit 2, a needle body 3 and a needle tip 4, the needle tail limit 2, the needle body 3 and the needle tip 4 are sequentially connected, and the diameters of the needle tail limit 2, the needle body 3 and the needle tip 4 are gradually reduced. The diameter of the needle tail limit 2 is larger than the diameter of the through hole on the perforated flat plate 1 so as to ensure that the distance measuring needle 5 is not completely separated from the perforated flat plate 1 in the working process. The needle body 3 has a uniform diameter and is marked with second scale marks on the side surface for reading out the coordinate values (i.e. the coordinate data of the Z axis) perpendicular to the perforated plate 1 in cooperation with the perforated plate 1. The needle tip 4 is thinner, so that the needle tip can be conveniently and directly contacted with each point on the tested curved surface 6. The material of the distance measuring needle 5 is required to ensure that the overall rigidity is ensured, and that no significant bending occurs during measurement so as to affect the measurement accuracy.
In some embodiments, taking the measured curved surface 6 in fig. 1 as an example, the hatched line is a section of the perforated plate 1, and the plurality of distance measuring pins 5 are vertically inserted into the through holes on the perforated plate 1, and the lower curve represents the measured curved surface 6.
In some embodiments, the material elastic modulus of the distance measuring needle 5 is greater than 100GPa. In order to keep the outer shape of the distance measuring needle 5 as unchanged as possible during measurement, it is necessary to ensure a certain rigidity against deformation caused by external force.
The method for measuring the curved surface coordinates comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging the perforated flat plate 1 above the curved surface 6 to be measured, and adjusting the perforated flat plate 1 and the curved surface 6 to be measured by using a horizontal auxiliary positioning device, so that the flat surface of the whole perforated flat plate 1 and the curved surface 6 to be measured are in horizontal positions and are relatively fixed in positions.
Specifically, the perforated flat plate 1 is arranged above the curved surface 6 to be measured, the relative positions of the perforated flat plate 1 and the curved surface 6 to be measured are kept fixed, and the upper surface of the perforated flat plate 1 and the reference surface of the curved surface 6 to be measured are parallel to each other (auxiliary equipment such as a level ruler is used for adjusting the horizontal reference surfaces of the perforated flat plate 1 and the curved surface 6 to be measured, so that the two surfaces are kept horizontal).
And step two, inserting the distance measuring needle 5 into the through hole of the perforated flat plate 1 until the needle body 3 contacts the measured curved surface 6.
Specifically, it is required to ensure that each distance measuring needle 5 contacts the curved surface 6 to be measured.
And step three, reading X-axis coordinate data of the X-axis scale of the ranging needle 5 on the flat surface of the perforated flat plate 1 as measurement results, Y-axis coordinate data of the Y-axis scale of the flat surface as measurement results, and taking the numerical value of the second scale mark on the needle body 3 of the ranging needle 5 as Z-axis coordinate data of the measurement results.
Specifically, the needle tip of the ranging needle 5 is contacted with the surface of the curved surface 6 to be measured after falling, the scale of the needle side at the junction of the upper surface (flat surface) of the flat plate 1 with the current ranging needle 5 is read, and the scale is taken as the Z-axis coordinate corresponding to the X-axis coordinate, thereby forming a pair of coordinates (X, Z).
And fourthly, inserting a plurality of distance measuring needles 5 into the perforated flat plate 1 according to the requirement of measurement precision, reading the coordinate data of all the distance measuring needles 5 to form a coordinate lattice, and taking the coordinate lattice as the curved surface coordinate data of the curved surface 6 to be measured.
And fifthly, calculating to obtain the absolute coordinate data of the Z axis of the measurement result according to the Z axis coordinate data of the measurement result and the Z axis coordinate data of the installation position of the flat plate 1 with the hole.
Specifically, the coordinate lattices obtained by the ranging needles 5 are summarized to obtain curved surface coordinate data. The obtained Z-axis coordinate is a relative coordinate, and the Z-axis absolute coordinate of the measured point can be obtained only by combining the obtained Z-axis coordinate with the Z-axis coordinate of the installation position of the perforated plate 1.
Specifically, in actual measurement, not only the X-axis coordinate but also the Y-axis coordinate (the Y-axis as shown in fig. 1) of the planar position of each distance measuring needle 5 is determined. During measurement, the distance measuring needles 5 placed in each through hole correspond to a group of (x, y, z) coordinates, and readings (x, y, z) measured by the distance measuring needles are summarized to obtain a curved surface.
And fifthly, according to the requirement of measurement precision, after one-time measurement is finished, the perforated flat plate 1 can be moved by a fixed distance along the X-axis and/or Y-axis direction, a group of new coordinate lattices are obtained through re-measurement, and the coordinate lattices and the new coordinate lattices are summarized to generate curved surface coordinate data of the measured curved surface.
Specifically, if the measurement accuracy of the coordinate data needs to be improved, the measurement of the coordinates of the surface of the curved surface needs to be encrypted, each ranging needle 5 needs to be moved out of the through hole, then the perforated flat plate 1 is moved in a translational manner along the X-axis and/or Y-axis direction by a fixed distance (the fixed distance is smaller than the distance between two adjacent through holes), and the ranging needles 5 are put into the through holes again for measurement and reading is summarized.
Step six, importing the curved surface coordinate data of the measured curved surface into three-dimensional modeling software, and constructing the geometric shape of the measured curved surface by using the three-dimensional modeling software.
Specifically, reverse engineering is finally performed, the obtained curved surface coordinate lattice is extracted in a convenient mode, the obtained curved surface coordinate lattice is led into a computer, and the geometric shape of the measured curved surface is constructed by using three-dimensional modeling software.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the portable mechanical curved surface coordinate measuring device has the advantages that curved surface coordinate data can be effectively measured through the cooperation of the perforated flat plate and the distance measuring needle, meanwhile, the perforated flat plate can be arranged in various operation environments, the defects of high cost, limited operation environments and the like of electronic measurement equipment are overcome, and the measuring device effectively obtains the balance between limited measuring conditions and measuring precision/equipment portability; by using the curved surface coordinate measuring method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the mapping work of the non-complex curved surface appearance can be conveniently completed. The defects of high instrument cost, limited use environment and the like of the traditional laser shape mapping method are overcome; the measurement accuracy of the coordinate data can be improved through simple movement and multiple measurements, and the method is simple and quick; and importing the measured coordinate data into modeling software to construct the geometric shape of the measured curved surface.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the method embodiments described later, since they correspond to the system, the description is relatively simple, and reference should be made to the description of some of the system embodiments.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A curved surface coordinate measuring device, comprising:
the device comprises a perforated flat plate (1), wherein through holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the perforated flat plate (1) are uniformly formed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions of the perforated flat plate (1) at certain intervals, at least one surface of the perforated flat plate (1) is a flat surface, and first scale marks are arranged on the X-axis and the Y-axis of the flat surface;
the distance measuring needle (5) comprises a needle body (3), wherein the needle body (3) is a cylinder with the same upper and lower diameters, and a second scale mark is arranged on the cylinder.
2. The curved surface coordinate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the through hole is in transition fit with the needle body (3).
3. The curved surface coordinate measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement density of the through holes is proportional to the measurement accuracy of the curved surface coordinates.
4. The curved coordinate measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring needle (5) further comprises a needle tail limit (2) and a needle tip (4), the needle tail limit (2), the needle body (3) and the needle tip (4) are sequentially connected, and the diameters of the needle tail limit (2), the needle body (3) and the needle tip (4) are sequentially reduced.
5. The curved surface coordinate measuring device according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the needle tail limit (2) is larger than the aperture of the through hole.
6. The curved surface coordinate measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic modulus of the material of the distance measuring needle (5) is greater than 100GPa.
7. A method for measuring curved surface coordinates, applied to the apparatus for measuring curved surface coordinates according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the steps of arranging a perforated flat plate (1) above a to-be-measured curved surface (6), and adjusting the perforated flat plate (1) and the to-be-measured curved surface (6) by using a horizontal auxiliary positioning device, so that the flat surface of the whole perforated flat plate (1) and the reference surface of the to-be-measured curved surface (6) are in horizontal positions and are relatively fixed in positions;
inserting a distance measuring needle (5) into the through hole of the perforated flat plate (1) until the needle body (3) contacts the curved surface (6) to be measured;
reading X-axis coordinate data of an X-axis scale of the ranging needle (5) on the flat surface of the perforated flat plate (1) as a measurement result, Y-axis coordinate data of a Y-axis scale of the flat surface as a measurement result, and taking the numerical value of the second scale mark on the needle body (3) of the ranging needle (5) as Z-axis coordinate data of the measurement result;
according to the requirement of measurement precision, a plurality of distance measuring needles (5) are inserted into the perforated flat plate (1), the coordinate data of all the distance measuring needles (5) are read to form a coordinate lattice, and the coordinate lattice is used as curved surface coordinate data of a curved surface (6) to be measured.
8. The method for measuring curved surface coordinates according to claim 7, wherein the absolute coordinate data of the Z axis of the measurement result is calculated from the Z axis coordinate data of the measurement result and the Z axis coordinate data of the installation position of the perforated flat plate (1).
9. The method for measuring curved surface coordinates according to claim 7, wherein after one measurement is finished, the perforated flat plate (1) is moved by a fixed distance along the X-axis and/or Y-axis direction according to the requirement of measurement precision, a set of new coordinate lattices is obtained by re-measurement, and the coordinate lattices and the new coordinate lattices are summarized to generate curved surface coordinate data of the measured curved surface (6).
10. The method for measuring curved surface coordinates according to claim 7, wherein the curved surface coordinate data of the curved surface (6) to be measured is imported into three-dimensional modeling software, and the geometric shape of the curved surface (6) to be measured is constructed using the three-dimensional modeling software.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311515081.4A CN117722922A (en) | 2023-11-14 | 2023-11-14 | Curved surface coordinate measuring device and measuring method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311515081.4A CN117722922A (en) | 2023-11-14 | 2023-11-14 | Curved surface coordinate measuring device and measuring method |
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| CN117722922A true CN117722922A (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN202311515081.4A Pending CN117722922A (en) | 2023-11-14 | 2023-11-14 | Curved surface coordinate measuring device and measuring method |
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