CN108253915B - Calibration method - Google Patents
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- CN108253915B CN108253915B CN201810050776.2A CN201810050776A CN108253915B CN 108253915 B CN108253915 B CN 108253915B CN 201810050776 A CN201810050776 A CN 201810050776A CN 108253915 B CN108253915 B CN 108253915B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a calibration method, which comprises a substrate and six standard balls, wherein the six standard balls are divided into two groups, each group comprises three standard balls, and the three standard balls in each group are enclosed together, so that a measurement ball can be tangent with the three standard balls at the same time, and the two groups of standard balls are respectively fixed in two directions of the substrate; in the calibration process, three standard balls in the measuring head and the six-ball template are used for carrying out contact measurement, the three standard balls are easier to limit the sliding of the measuring head, the positioning precision is high, the defect that the measuring head slides easily in the traditional tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration can be effectively avoided, and therefore the precision of the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of calibration of measuring instruments, in particular to a six-ball template and a calibration method.
Background
The measuring instrument is an essential tool for the fields of scientific research, education and teaching, engineering measurement and the like, various measuring instruments are greatly developed along with the development of science and technology and the progress of times, the application range of the measuring instrument in social life is wider and wider, and the measuring instrument with high precision and high reliability is always the focus of research and exploration of scientific researchers in the field.
The measuring instrument is usually provided with a measuring head, the measuring head is used as a sensor for collecting relevant parameters of a measured object, and the development level of the measuring head directly influences the measuring precision and the measuring efficiency of the measuring instrument. The precision measuring head is generally divided into a contact measuring head and a non-contact measuring head, wherein the contact measuring head is divided into a mechanical measuring head, a triggering measuring head and a scanning measuring head; the non-contact measuring head is divided into a laser measuring head and an optical video measuring head.
The mechanical measuring head is a measuring head which is used earlier in a precision measuring instrument; the measuring head is used for measuring through the direct contact of the measuring end of the measuring head and a measured object, and is mainly used for manual measurement; the measuring head has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, and has the defects of low precision and low measuring efficiency, and is rarely used in the field of industrial measurement at present. The trigger type measuring head and the scanning type measuring head are most widely applied in the industrial field; the trigger type measuring head and the scanning type measuring head generally comprise a measuring needle and a measuring ball, and in the measuring process, the measuring ball is used for contacting with a measured object to realize the collection of related parameters; the trigger type measuring head has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, higher trigger precision and the like, and compared with the trigger type measuring head, the scanning type measuring head has higher precision, stronger function and wider adaptability, and simultaneously has the functions of single-point measurement and continuous scanning measurement.
One important parameter in gear measurement is pitch and thickness, which is usually achieved by using standard gears, i.e. measurement is performed on a standard gear pitch circle by a measuring instrument. However, due to the positioning accuracy of the measuring instrument and the sliding problem of the measuring head when the measuring head contacts with the tooth surface, a certain deviation exists between the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness calibration value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a six-ball template and a calibration method, wherein in the calibration process, three standard balls in the six-ball template are used for carrying out contact measurement, the three standard balls are easier to limit the sliding of a measuring head, the positioning precision is high, the defect that the measuring head is easy to slide in the traditional tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration can be effectively avoided, and the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration precision is effectively improved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the six-ball template comprises a base plate and six standard balls, wherein the six standard balls are divided into two groups, each group comprises three standard balls, and the three standard balls in each group are enclosed together, so that the measuring balls can be tangent with the three standard balls at the same time, and the two groups of standard balls are respectively fixed in two directions of the base plate.
In the six-ball template, two groups of standard balls are arranged, each group of standard balls comprises three standard balls, the three standard balls are respectively arranged on the substrate and are enclosed together, the three standard balls can be tangent or separated, and when the three standard balls are separated, only the diameter of the standard ball and the center distance between the two balls are balanced, so that the measuring ball of the measuring head can be tangent with the three standard balls at the same time; when the measuring instrument is used for calibrating the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness, the measuring balls of the measuring head can be contacted with three measuring balls in a group at the same time to form three contact points, and the three contact points form three-point support for the measuring balls, so that the sliding of the measuring balls in the measuring process is more easily limited, the positioning precision is improved, and the precision of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness calibration is further effectively improved.
Preferably, the substrate is a flat plate. When the substrate is a flat plate, the substrate is convenient to be arranged or fixed on a measuring instrument so as to calibrate the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness; and the distance between the two groups of standard balls is conveniently measured by using a standard measuring instrument.
Preferably, the three standard spheres in each set are tangent two by two. The three standard balls in each group are arranged on the base plate in a tangential position relation, and in the production and manufacturing process of the six-ball template, the three standard balls can be conveniently divided into one group and fixed at a proper position, so that the processing time is shortened; in addition, after the three standard balls in each group are arranged on the substrate in a tangent mode, each ball is conveniently positioned in the later tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration process, so that the process of calculating the theoretical position when the measuring head is simultaneously contacted with the three standard balls in each group is simplified, and the calculation is simpler and more convenient.
Preferably, the six standard spheres are the same diameter. The diameters of the standard balls in the six-ball sample plate are the same, so that the production and manufacturing processes are simplified, meanwhile, in the later tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration process, the measuring balls on the measuring head are contacted with the three standard balls in each group at the same time, and the process of calculating the theoretical positions of the measuring head when the measuring head is contacted with the three standard balls in each group at the same time can be simplified.
Preferably, the precision of the standard ball is not lower than the precision of the ball on the measuring head. The standard ball in the six-ball sample plate is a reference ball for the measuring instrument to perform the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration, the precision of the standard ball has great influence on the precision of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness calibration, so the influence needs to be reduced or eliminated as much as possible at the beginning of the design of the six-ball sample plate, and the influence of the standard ball serving as the reference ball on the precision of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness calibration can be reduced to the minimum only when the precision of the standard ball is not lower than the manufacturing precision of the measuring ball.
Preferably, the accuracy of the standard ball is one level higher than the accuracy of the ball on the probe. The higher the precision of the standard ball, the more troublesome the manufacturing process, the longer the period and the higher the cost; when the precision of the standard ball is one level higher than the precision of the measuring ball, the precision of the standard ball has small influence on the error of the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost of the six-ball template can be well balanced.
Preferably, the standard ball is made of ruby or ceramic or glass or tungsten carbide material. Because the precision requirement on the standard ball is very high, the standard ball also has various characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, static resistance, magnetism resistance, good insulating property, low thermal conductivity, good acid and alkali resistance, extremely low surface roughness and the like, so that the influence of environmental factors on the standard ball in the six-ball template can be prevented, and the precision of tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration is further influenced; among the common materials, ruby, ceramic, glass, tungsten carbide and other materials have the characteristics, and meet the requirements of standard balls.
Preferably, the substrate is marked with parameters of radius or diameter of standard balls and parameters of standard spacing between two groups of standard balls. The radius or diameter parameters of the standard balls and the standard interval parameters between the two groups of standard balls are data measured by a standard measuring instrument after the six-ball template is manufactured, the data is reliable and high in precision, and the six-ball template is convenient to use and refer to.
A calibration method comprising the steps of:
(1) And obtaining the radius or diameter parameters and the center position parameters of each standard sphere in the six-sphere template.
(2) Obtaining radius or diameter parameters of a measuring ball in a measuring instrument;
(3) According to the data obtained in the steps (1) and (2), calculating to obtain theoretical position parameters when the measuring ball is contacted with three standard balls in each group simultaneously;
(4) The method comprises the steps of controlling a measuring ball of a measuring instrument to measure three standard balls in a corresponding group at a theoretical position, respectively obtaining position parameters A and B of the two groups of standard balls, and obtaining a measuring interval parameter L between the two groups of standard balls through calculation, wherein L= |A-B|;
(5) The measurement distance L in the step (4) is compared with the standard distance L 0 Comparing and determining the measurementThe accuracy of the measuring instrument is achieved, and the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration is completed; wherein, the standard distance L 0 Is the spacing between two sets of standard balls in the six-ball template obtained using standard measuring instruments.
The whole process of calibrating the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness of the measuring instrument by adopting the six-ball template is simple, and three standard balls in the six-ball template can form three-point stable support for the measuring ball, so that the sliding error of the measuring ball of the measuring instrument is greatly reduced, and the calibrating precision of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness can be effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the six-ball template and the calibration method provided by the invention have the advantages that in the calibration process, the three standard balls in the six-ball template are used for carrying out contact measurement, the sliding of the measuring head is more easily limited by the measuring head, the positioning precision is high, the defect that the measuring head is easy to slide in the traditional tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration can be effectively avoided, and the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration precision is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a probe commonly used in a measuring instrument according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a six-ball template provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a six-ball template provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the test ball provided in example 1 of the present invention when it is simultaneously contacted with three standard balls in a six-ball template.
Fig. 5 is a geometric diagram of the measurement of the theoretical position of a sphere calculated by using a six-sphere template according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the measurement distance between two standard balls measured by the measuring instrument when the tooth pitch and tooth thickness are calibrated by using the six-ball template in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a six-ball template provided in example 4 of the present invention, in which six standard balls are different in diameter, but three standard balls in each set are tangent to each other.
Fig. 8 is a geometric diagram of the theoretical position of the ball calculated when the pitch and the tooth thickness are calibrated by using the six-ball template according to another embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Description of the drawings
A first standard ball 1; a second standard ball 2; a third standard ball 3; a fourth standard ball 4; a fifth standard ball 5; a sixth standard ball 6; a substrate 7; a gauge head 8; a stylus 9; a gauge head 10; the information 11 is marked.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
In the measuring instrument described in the background art, as shown in fig. 1, a common measuring head structure is shown, in which a reference numeral 8 is a measuring head, a reference numeral 9 is a measuring needle, and a reference numeral 10 is a measuring ball.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in this embodiment, a six-ball template is provided, which includes a substrate 7, six standard balls, and the six standard balls are divided into two groups, each group includes three standard balls, and the three standard balls in each group are enclosed together, so that the test ball 10 can be tangent to the three standard balls at the same time, and the two groups of standard balls are respectively fixed in two directions of the substrate 7.
In the present embodiment, the three standard balls in each group are tangent two by two, such as the first standard ball 1, the second standard ball 2 and the third standard ball 3 in fig. 2 are tangent two by two, and the fourth standard ball 4, the fifth standard ball 5 and the sixth standard ball 6 are tangent two by two; each standard ball is fixed on the base plate 7, three standard balls in each group are arranged on the base plate 7 in a tangential position relation of every two, when the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness of the measuring instrument are calibrated, the measuring balls 10 of the measuring head 8 can be simultaneously contacted with three measuring balls 10 in one group, as shown in fig. 4, three contact points are formed, and three contact points form three-point support for the measuring balls 10, so that the sliding of the measuring balls 10 in the measuring process is more easily limited, the positioning precision is improved, and the precision of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness calibration is further effectively improved; in addition, after the three standard balls in each group are arranged on the base plate 7 in a pairwise tangent mode, each ball is conveniently positioned in the later tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration process, so that the process of calculating the theoretical position when the measuring head 8 is simultaneously contacted with the three standard balls in each group is simplified, and the calculation is simpler and more convenient.
In a further aspect, the diameters of the six standard balls in the six ball template are the same; thus, on the one hand, it is advantageous to simplify the production and manufacturing process; on the other hand, in the later tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration process, the measuring balls 10 on the measuring head 8 are simultaneously contacted with the three standard balls in each group, and the process of calculating the theoretical position when the measuring head 8 is simultaneously contacted with the three standard balls in each group can be simplified.
In the present embodiment, the substrate 7 is a flat plate; because when the substrate 7 is a flat plate, the substrate 7 is convenient to be arranged or fixed on a measuring instrument so as to calibrate the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness; and the distance between the two groups of standard balls is conveniently measured by using a standard measuring instrument.
The precision of the standard ball is not lower than that of the ball 10 on the measuring head 8; the standard ball in the six-ball template is a reference ball when the measuring instrument performs the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration, the accuracy of the standard ball has great influence on the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration accuracy, so the influence needs to be reduced or eliminated as much as possible at the beginning of the design of the six-ball template, and the influence of the standard ball serving as the reference ball on the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration accuracy can be reduced to be negligible only when the accuracy of the standard ball is not lower than the manufacturing accuracy of the measuring ball 10.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the accuracy of the standard ball is one level higher than the accuracy of the ball 10 on the gauge head 8. The higher the precision of the standard ball, the more troublesome the manufacturing process, the longer the period and the higher the cost; when the precision of the standard ball is one level higher than that of the measuring ball 10, the precision of the standard ball has small influence on the error of the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost of the six-ball template can be well balanced.
Because the precision requirement on the standard ball is very high, the standard ball also has various characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, static resistance, magnetism resistance, good insulating property, low thermal conductivity, good acid and alkali resistance, extremely low surface roughness and the like, so that the influence of environmental factors on the standard ball in the six-ball template can be prevented, and the precision of tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration is further influenced; among the common materials, ruby, ceramic, glass, tungsten carbide and other materials have the characteristics and meet the requirements of standard balls, so that ruby, ceramic, glass, tungsten carbide and other materials can be preferentially adopted to manufacture the standard balls; in this embodiment, the standard ball is made of a ceramic material, specifically, a silicon nitride material in the ceramic material; silicon nitride is a very hard and wear-resistant ceramic material, can be processed into spheres with high precision, and can also be polished to extremely smooth surface finish, so that the precision of a standard sphere is improved as much as possible, and the influence of the precision of the standard sphere on the tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration precision is reduced.
In a further embodiment, the substrate 7 is further marked with a diameter parameter (or radius parameter) of the standard ball and a standard spacing parameter between two groups of standard balls, as shown in fig. 2 or 3; the radius or diameter parameters of the standard balls and the standard interval parameters between the two groups of standard balls are data measured by a standard measuring instrument after the six-ball template is manufactured, the data is reliable and high in precision, and the six-ball template is convenient to use and refer to.
Example 2
The main difference between this embodiment 2 and the above embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the three standard balls in each group of the six-ball template may be separated, i.e. the three standard balls are not necessarily tangential; the three standard balls are arranged on the base plate and are enclosed together, and the diameter of the standard ball and the center distance between the two balls are required to be balanced at the moment, so that the ball measurement of the measuring head can be tangential to the three standard balls at the same time; so that when the measuring instrument performs tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration, the measuring balls of the measuring head can be simultaneously contacted with three measuring balls in a group to form three contact points, and the three contact points form three-point support for the measuring balls, thereby more easily limiting the sliding of the measuring balls in the measuring process, improving the positioning precision, and further effectively improving the precision of tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration.
Example 3
The main difference between this embodiment 3 and the above embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the diameters of the six standard balls in the six-ball template are not necessarily all equal; the three standard balls are arranged on the base plate and are enclosed together, and the diameter of the standard balls and the center distance between the two balls are required to be balanced at the moment, so that the ball measurement of the measuring head can be tangential to the three standard balls at the same time; so that when the measuring instrument performs tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration, the measuring balls of the measuring head can be simultaneously contacted with three measuring balls in a group to form three contact points, and the three contact points form three-point support for the measuring balls, thereby more easily limiting the sliding of the measuring balls in the measuring process, improving the positioning precision, and further effectively improving the precision of tooth pitch and tooth thickness calibration.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a calibration method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And obtaining the radius or diameter parameters and the center position parameters of each standard sphere in the six-sphere template.
(2) Obtaining radius or diameter parameters of a measuring ball in a measuring instrument;
(3) According to the data obtained in the steps (1) and (2), calculating to obtain theoretical position parameters when the measuring ball is contacted with three standard balls in each group simultaneously;
(4) The method comprises the steps of controlling a measuring ball of a measuring instrument to measure three standard balls in a corresponding group at a theoretical position, respectively obtaining position parameters A and B of the two groups of standard balls, and obtaining a measuring interval parameter L between the two groups of standard balls through calculation, wherein L= |A-B|;
(5) The measurement distance L in the step (4) is compared with the standard distance L 0 Comparing, determining the precision of the measuring instrument, and finishing the calibration of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness; wherein, the standard distance L 0 Is the spacing between two sets of standard balls in the six-ball template obtained using standard measuring instruments.
Example 1: for the six-ball template in example 1, the diameters of the six standard balls are the same, and the three standard balls in each group are tangent to each other, the calibration process is as follows:
step 1: and obtaining the radius or diameter parameters and the center position parameters of each standard sphere in the six-sphere template.
In the step, the diameter parameter (or radius parameter) of the standard ball in the six-ball template can be measured by a standard measuring instrument, or the diameter parameter (or radius parameter) of the standard ball marked on the substrate is directly referenced, so that the radius R of the standard ball can be conveniently obtained;
further, after establishing a proper coordinate system, it can be known that the center coordinates of the first standard sphere 1 are D (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) The second standard sphere 2 has a center coordinate of E (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) The second standard sphere 3 has a center coordinate of F (x 3 ,y 3 ,z 3 )。
Step 2: the radius or diameter parameter of the measuring ball in the measuring instrument is obtained.
In the step, the radius or diameter parameter of the measuring ball in the measuring instrument can be directly obtained from the matched instruction book of the measuring head, or can be measured on site by using a standard measuring instrument, so that the radius r of the measuring ball is obtained.
Step 3: based on the data obtained in steps 1 and 2, the theoretical position parameters of the test ball when the test ball is simultaneously contacted with three standard balls in each group are obtained through calculation.
In this step, the theoretical position when the test ball is simultaneously in contact with three standard balls is assumed to be O, and the coordinates of the O point are assumed to be (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Waiting for a solution;
as shown in FIG. 5, when the test ball is simultaneously contacted with three standard balls, the line between the centers of the three standard balls and the center of the test ball may form a triangular pyramid O-DEF, wherein(wherein->The modulus of the vector, representing the distance between the D point and the E point, and the rest is similar, and will not be described in detail further herein), and +.>Wherein the coordinates of D, E, F have been obtained in the first step, so:
the co-ordinates of the O-point (x) 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Thereby obtaining the theoretical position parameters when the measuring ball is contacted with three standard balls in each group simultaneously.
Step 4: the measuring balls of the measuring instrument are controlled to measure at three standard balls corresponding to the theoretical position O, and the measuring method of the other position is the same, so that the measuring instrument can obtain position parameters A and B of two groups of standard balls respectively, and obtain a measuring interval parameter L between the two groups of standard balls through calculation, wherein L= |A-B|, as shown in figure 6.
Step 5: the measurement distance L in the step 4 is compared with the standard distance L 0 Comparing, determining the precision of the measuring instrument, and finishing the calibration of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness; wherein, the standard distance L 0 Is the standard spacing between two sets of standard balls in the six-ball template obtained using standard measuring instruments.
The whole process of calibrating the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness of the measuring instrument by using the six-ball template is simple, and three standard balls are used for forming three-point stable support for the measuring ball, so that the sliding error of the measuring ball of the measuring instrument is greatly reduced, and the calibrating precision of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness can be effectively improved.
From the above formula, it can be seen that the position parameter of the theoretical position O point when the measuring ball contacts with the three standard balls in each group at the same time is related to the radius R of the measuring ball and the radius R of the standard ball, and is irrelevant to whether the three standard balls are tangent to each other, so it can be understood that, for example 2, when the six standard balls in the six ball template have the same diameter, but the three standard balls in each group are separated (i.e. are not tangent to each other), the step of calibrating the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness by the measuring instrument is the same as that of example 1.
Example 2: for the six-ball template in example 3, the diameters of the six standard balls are different, but the three standard balls in each group are tangent to each other, as shown in fig. 7, the calibration process is as follows:
step 1: and obtaining the radius or diameter parameters and the center position parameters of each standard sphere in the six-sphere template.
In this step, the diameter parameter (or radius parameter) of the standard sphere in the six-sphere template can be measured by a standard measuring instrument, or the diameter parameter (or radius parameter) of the standard sphere marked on the substrate can be directly referenced, so that the radius R of the first standard sphere can be conveniently obtained 1 The radius of the second standard sphere is R 2 The radius of the third standard sphere is R 3 (only one set of standard balls is calculated and the other set of standard balls is calculated in the same way).
Further, after establishing a proper coordinate system, it can be known that the center coordinates of the first standard sphere 1 are D (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) The second standard sphere 2 has a center coordinate of E (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) The second standard sphere 3 has a center coordinate of F (x 3 ,y 3 ,z 3 )。
Step 2 is the same as step 2 above;
step 3: based on the data obtained in steps 1 and 2, the theoretical position parameters of the test ball when the test ball is simultaneously contacted with three standard balls in each group are obtained through calculation.
In this step, the theoretical position when the test ball is simultaneously in contact with three standard balls is assumed to be O, and the coordinates of the O point are assumed to be (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Waiting for a solution;
as shown in FIG. 8, when the test ball is simultaneously contacted with three standard balls, the line between the centers of the three standard balls and the center of the test ball may form a triangular pyramid O-DEF, wherein And->Wherein the coordinates of D, E, F have been obtained in the first step, so:
the co-ordinates of the O-point (x) 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Thereby obtaining the theoretical position parameters when the measuring ball is contacted with three standard balls in each group simultaneously.
Step 4 and step 5 are the same as step 4 and step 5, respectively, and are not described here again.
Similarly, it can be understood that when the diameters of the six standard balls in the six-ball template are different, and the three standard balls in each group are separated (i.e. not tangential to each other), the step of calibrating the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness by the measuring instrument is the same as that of example 2.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The calibration method is characterized by comprising a six-ball template, wherein the six-ball template comprises a substrate and six standard balls, the six standard balls are divided into two groups, each group comprises three standard balls, the three standard balls in each group are enclosed together, so that a measuring ball can be tangent with the three standard balls at the same time, and the two groups of standard balls are respectively fixed in two directions of the substrate; the calibration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining radius or diameter parameters and center position parameters of each standard ball in the six-ball template;
(2) Obtaining radius or diameter parameters of a measuring ball in a measuring instrument;
(3) According to the data obtained in the steps (1) and (2), calculating to obtain theoretical position parameters when the measuring ball is contacted with three standard balls in each group simultaneously;
(4) The method comprises the steps of controlling a measuring ball of a measuring instrument to measure three standard balls in a corresponding group at a theoretical position, respectively obtaining position parameters A and B of two groups of standard balls, and obtaining a measuring interval parameter L between the two groups of standard balls through calculation, wherein L=A-B;
(5) The measurement distance L in the step (4) is compared with the standard distance L 0 Comparing, determining the precision of the measuring instrument, and finishing the calibration of the tooth pitch and the tooth thickness; wherein, the standard distance L 0 Is the spacing between two sets of standard balls in the six-ball template obtained using standard measuring instruments.
2. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a flat plate.
3. The method of calibrating according to claim 1, wherein the three standard spheres in each set are tangential in pairs.
4. The calibration method according to claim 1, wherein the six standard spheres have the same diameter.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the accuracy of the standard ball is not lower than the accuracy of the ball on the probe.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the standard sphere has a precision one level higher than the sphere on the probe.
7. The method of calibrating according to claim 6, wherein the standard sphere is made of ruby or ceramic or glass or tungsten carbide material.
8. The method of calibrating according to claim 7, wherein the substrate is marked with parameters of radius or diameter of standard balls and parameters of standard spacing between two sets of standard balls.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810050776.2A CN108253915B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Calibration method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810050776.2A CN108253915B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Calibration method |
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| CN115170665B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-08-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | Image-based spherical object pose determination method and system |
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