CN117718029A - Efficient uremic toxin adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Efficient uremic toxin adsorbent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117718029A CN117718029A CN202311741202.7A CN202311741202A CN117718029A CN 117718029 A CN117718029 A CN 117718029A CN 202311741202 A CN202311741202 A CN 202311741202A CN 117718029 A CN117718029 A CN 117718029A
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- uremic toxin
- activated carbon
- sodium alginate
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of uremic toxin adsorbent preparation, and particularly discloses a high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: step (1): dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and modified sodium alginate in deionized water, adding modified coconut shell activated carbon, uniformly stirring and dispersing, and then spreading to form a film; step (2): freezing the film in the step (1), taking out and putting into CaCl 2 The high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent is obtained by crosslinking, cleaning and shearing in the saturated boric acid solution, is safe and nontoxic, has a fast adsorption rate to uremic toxin,The adsorption capacity is high, the biocompatibility and the blood compatibility are good, and the method has a good application prospect in the field of wearable artificial kidneys.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of uremic toxin adsorbents.
Background
Uremia, also known as end stage renal disease, is a clinical syndrome at the end stage of chronic renal failure.
Traditional hemodialysis schemes can achieve effective removal of small molecule toxins, but have weaker removal capacity for medium and large molecule toxins. The combined artificial kidney treatment scheme is characterized in that the perfusion device is connected in series on the basis of the hemodialysis device, the complementary advantages are achieved by playing the roles of dispersion and adsorption, the blood purification effect is further improved, the toxin in the body of the uremic patient can be comprehensively removed in the treatment process of the uremic patient, the defect that the macromolecular toxin cannot be removed in single hemodialysis is overcome, and the body environment of the patient can be better purified.
At present, more than 90% of dialysis patients in China use hemodialysis methods, and the patients need to go to hospital frequently (3 times per week, about 4 hours per time), and the patients need to lie on a sickbed all the time during dialysis, which causes great inconvenience to the daily life of the patients. The appearance of wearable artificial kidneys can better solve this problem.
The wearable artificial kidney combines equipment and people together, is the development direction of end-stage kidney replacement equipment, and is a research hotspot at home and abroad at present. The core problem of the wearable artificial kidney is the cyclic regeneration of the dialysate, and the key of the cyclic regeneration of the dialysate is to remove uremic toxins such as urea, creatinine and the like, and the current common methods at home and abroad are a bioenzyme method, an electrooxidation method and a physical adsorption method. The biological enzyme method adopts biological enzyme to decompose uremic toxins to generate ammonium radical reactant which is dissolved in water to generate ammonia gas, so that the method has great harm to human bodies; electrooxidation to decompose uremiaThe toxin has high energy consumption and is not suitable for wearable equipment; the physical adsorption method is relatively safe, and activated carbon and Ti are usually adopted 3 C 2 Tx、Zn1-xMgxFe 2 O 4 Such as a certain adsorption capacity for creatinine, but the adsorption effect for urea is not ideal. Urea is a very inert compound that is not charged at physiological pH and is neither very nucleophilic nor very electrophilic, these properties of urea making it more difficult to remove. In addition, some of the adsorption materials, such as activated carbon and zeolite, have poor biocompatibility and blood compatibility, and are not suitable for application in wearable artificial kidneys.
Therefore, aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the adsorbent which has higher biocompatibility and better removal effect on uremic toxins is developed, and has practical significance in application to wearable artificial kidneys.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at a series of problems brought by uremia to patients, the invention provides a high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of an efficient uremic toxin adsorbent, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and modified sodium alginate in deionized water, adding modified coconut shell activated carbon, uniformly stirring and dispersing, and then spreading to form a film;
step (2): freezing the film in the step (1), taking out and putting into CaCl 2 Cross-linking in the saturated boric acid solution, cleaning, shearing and crushing to obtain the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent.
The preparation method of the modified sodium alginate in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step S1: dissolving sodium alginate in hydrochloric acid solution, and heating in water bath to obtain a basic reaction system;
step S2: using nitrogen to protect the basic reaction system obtained in the whole step S1, slowly dripping phosphorylcholine into the basic reaction system, and stirring for reaction;
step S3: and (3) after the reaction in the step (S2) is finished, placing the product obtained after the reaction in deionized water for dialysis treatment, collecting the product, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified sodium alginate.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1-2%, and the mass ratio of sodium alginate, phosphorylcholine and the hydrochloric acid solution is (5-10): (1-5): 100.
Further preferably, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2%, and the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the phosphorylcholine to the hydrochloric acid solution is 9:4:100.
The applicant finds that controlling the mass ratio of sodium alginate, phosphorylcholine and hydrochloric acid solution ensures the full mixing of phosphorylcholine and sodium alginate, and can reduce side reaction as much as possible, so that the modified sodium alginate has better comprehensive performance, on one hand, hydrochloric acid with proper concentration is used as a catalyst for reaction, and the reaction can be accelerated; on the other hand, the existence of a large amount of water is unfavorable for the reaction, and the proper amount of water can ensure that sodium alginate and phosphorylcholine are uniformly mixed to form a system with better fluidity, so that the reaction rate is quickened, and the high yield of the modified sodium alginate is ensured.
Preferably, in the step S1, the water bath temperature is 45-50 ℃, and the water bath duration is 1-2h.
The applicant finds that the reaction can be well carried out by controlling the water bath temperature to be 45-50 ℃ and the water bath time to be 1-2 hours. The viscosity of the sodium alginate solution is obviously reduced due to the too high water bath temperature or too long water bath time, the crosslinking effect can be influenced due to the reduced viscosity, and the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is further reduced.
Preferably, in the step (1) of the preparation method of the uremic toxin adsorbent, the polyvinyl alcohol and the modified sodium alginate are respectively 4-8wt% and 0.6-1.2wt% of deionized water, and the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the modified sodium alginate is (5-10): 1.
Further preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol is 6wt% of deionized water, and the modified sodium alginate is 0.8wt% of deionized water.
The applicant finds that controlling the addition amount of polyvinyl alcohol and modified sodium alginate can make the prepared adsorbent easier to form, and has better mass transfer performance, mechanical performance and biocompatibility, on one hand, the modified sodium alginate can increase anticoagulation effect and blood compatibility of the adsorbent, on the other hand, the modified sodium alginate and the polyvinyl alcohol generate a cross-linked structure through a cross-linking agent, and generate physical cross-linked nodes through hydrogen bonds and crystallization areas, so that a three-dimensional structure is formed, pores are formed inside, and the adsorption effect is improved, but if the addition amount of the modified sodium alginate exceeds a limited range, steric hindrance is formed inside the adsorbent for polyvinyl alcohol molecules, the effective range of cross-linking among the polyvinyl alcohol molecules is hindered, the internal pores are increased, the pore diameter is reduced, the wall thickness is reduced, and the mechanical performance and the adsorption effect of the adsorbent are reduced.
Preferably, caCl in the step (2) of the preparation method of the uremic toxin adsorbent 2 3-5wt% of saturated boric acid solution, and the crosslinking time is 18-24h.
Further preferably, caCl in the step (2) 2 4wt% of saturated boric acid solution, and the crosslinking time was 20h.
CaCl in the invention 2 The applicant found CaCl to be useful as a cross-linking agent in the form of a saturated boric acid solution 2 The concentration is controlled to be 4wt% of the saturated boric acid solution, and the prepared adsorbent has the advantages of good mechanical property, good internal crosslinking degree and uniform pore diameter, so that the adsorbent has good adsorption performance. In addition, the prepared adsorbent has better mechanical strength and is not easy to break by controlling the crosslinking time.
Preferably, the total mass ratio of the modified coconut shell activated carbon to the polyvinyl alcohol and the modified sodium alginate is 1 (2-4).
Further preferably, the total mass ratio of the modified coconut shell activated carbon to the polyvinyl alcohol and the modified sodium alginate is 1:3.
The addition amount of the modified coconut shell activated carbon is controlled, so that the modified coconut shell activated carbon is uniformly distributed in internal three-dimensional pores formed by the modified sodium alginate and the polyvinyl alcohol, the pores are not blocked, the adsorption of the adsorbent through the active site of the modified coconut shell activated carbon and the coordination bond formed by the loaded corn silk polysaccharide iron and toxin are facilitated, and uremic toxin is efficiently removed.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the modified coconut shell activated carbon are as follows:
step (1): drying coconut shells, putting the coconut shells into a carbonization furnace, heating, preserving heat, carbonizing, and cooling to obtain carbonized materials;
step (2): crushing the carbonized material, introducing nitrogen, heating, stopping introducing nitrogen, switching to steam for activation, stopping heating, cutting off the steam, introducing nitrogen, cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated material, rinsing and drying to obtain activated coconut shell activated carbon;
step (3): crushing activated coconut shell activated carbon, adding the crushed activated carbon into sulfuric acid solution, oscillating at constant temperature, washing with distilled water to neutrality, and drying to constant weight to obtain sulfuric acid modified activated carbon;
step (4): weighing corn silk, adding deionized water, carrying out constant-temperature water bath, carrying out suction filtration, repeating the above operation for 2 times, combining filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into concentrated solution, sealing, placing in a shade, filtering to obtain solid, washing, redissolving distilled water, dialyzing with flowing water, precipitating with alcohol, separating to obtain powdery corn silk polysaccharide, dissolving corn silk polysaccharide and trisodium citrate into deionized water, carrying out constant-temperature stirring, regulating pH, dropwise adding ferric trichloride solution until solid appears in the solution, stopping dropwise adding, continuing heating and stirring, carrying out suction filtration, adding equal volume absolute ethyl alcohol into filtrate, sealing, placing in a dark place, carrying out suction filtration, washing precipitate, dialyzing with deionized water, precipitating with alcohol, separating to obtain corn silk polysaccharide iron;
step (5): dissolving corn silk polysaccharide iron in acetic acid solution, adding sulfuric acid modified activated carbon, stirring in water bath, and drying to obtain modified coconut shell activated carbon.
The modification of the coconut shell activated carbon by sulfuric acid increases the total specific surface area of the coconut shell activated carbon, opens the closed pores in the activated carbon, simultaneously directly exposes a plurality of mesopore micropores, increases adsorption sites and improves the adsorption rate of the activated carbon on uremic toxins; and then corn silk polysaccharide and iron solution are synthesized to form corn silk polysaccharide iron which is loaded on sulfuric acid modified coconut shell activated carbon, so that the corn silk polysaccharide iron can form a coordination bond with amino nitrogen atoms in uremic toxins, and the adsorption efficiency of the coconut shell activated carbon on the uremic toxins is remarkably improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a highly potent uremic toxin adsorbent obtainable according to the above preparation method.
The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent obtained by the preparation method in the field of wearable artificial kidneys.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the modified coconut shell activated carbon added in the invention has high binding capacity and quick dynamic characteristics on uremic toxins, does not release toxic byproducts, and can adsorb uremic toxins more quickly and efficiently.
2. According to the invention, the modified sodium alginate is obtained by modifying the sodium alginate with phosphorylcholine, and the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent is obtained by crosslinking the polyvinyl alcohol and the modified sodium alginate, so that the modified sodium alginate can resist the adhesion of proteins and cells in blood, and the blood compatibility of the adsorbent is improved.
3. According to the invention, the polyvinyl alcohol-modified sodium alginate is used for embedding the modified coconut shell activated carbon, so that the adsorbent with good biocompatibility is obtained, the uremic toxin adsorption effect is good, the blood compatibility and the biocompatibility are good, and the method has a good application prospect in the field of wearable artificial kidneys.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following examples are provided for further illustration.
The modified coconut shell activated carbon used in examples 1-8 and comparative example 1 of the present invention was prepared as follows:
step (1): drying 1kg of coconut shell, putting into a carbonization furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preserving heat and carbonizing for 3 hours, and cooling to obtain carbonized materials;
step (2): crushing the carbonized material, introducing nitrogen for 25min, heating to 850 ℃, stopping introducing nitrogen, switching to steam for activation for 5h, stopping heating, cutting off the steam, introducing nitrogen, cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated material, rinsing and drying to obtain activated coconut shell activated carbon;
step (3): crushing activated coconut shell activated carbon, adding the crushed activated carbon with 200 meshes into a 6mol/L sulfuric acid solution, oscillating for 6 hours at constant temperature, washing with distilled water to be neutral, and drying to constant weight to obtain sulfuric acid modified activated carbon;
step (4): weighing 100g of corn silk, adding 1600mL of deionized water, carrying out suction filtration in a constant-temperature water bath at 90 ℃ for 3 hours, repeating the above operation for 2 times, combining the filtrates, concentrating the filtrate, adding absolute ethyl alcohol which is 3 times the volume of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution, sealing, placing in a shade place for 48 hours, filtering to obtain a solid, washing the solid with absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone and diethyl ether respectively, redissolving distilled water, dialyzing with flowing water, precipitating with alcohol, and separating to obtain brownish red and powdery corn silk polysaccharide; placing 10g of corn silk polysaccharide and 1.0g of trisodium citrate into a beaker, adding 50mL of deionized water, stirring at constant temperature of 80 ℃, adjusting pH to 8-9 with sodium hydroxide solution, and dripping 1 mol.L -1 Stopping dripping until solid appears in the ferric trichloride solution, continuing heating and stirring for 1h, performing suction filtration, adding equal volume of absolute ethyl alcohol into the filtrate, sealing, standing in the dark for 24h, performing suction filtration, washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone respectively, re-dissolving, dialyzing with deionized water, precipitating with alcohol, and separating to obtain powdery corn silk polysaccharide iron;
step (5): 6g of corn silk polysaccharide iron is dissolved in 100mL of 0.5% acetic acid solution, 210g of sulfuric acid modified activated carbon is added, the mixture is stirred for 2 hours in a water bath at 30 ℃, and the mixture is dried to obtain the modified coconut shell activated carbon.
The preparation steps of the modified sodium alginate used in the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
step S1: 9g of sodium alginate is dissolved in 100mL of 2% hydrochloric acid solution, and the solution is heated in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain a basic reaction system;
step S2: using nitrogen to protect the basic reaction system obtained in the whole step S1, slowly dripping 4g of phosphorylcholine into the basic reaction system, and stirring for reaction;
step S3: and (3) after the reaction in the step (S2) is finished, placing the product obtained after the reaction in deionized water for dialysis treatment, collecting the product, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified sodium alginate.
The polyvinyl alcohol used in examples 1-8 of the present invention was polyvinyl alcohol 124, purchased from national pharmaceutical chemicals Co., ltd.
Example 1
A preparation method of an efficient uremic toxin adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step (1): dissolving 4g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6g of modified sodium alginate in 100mL of deionized water, adding 2g of modified coconut shell activated carbon, uniformly stirring and dispersing, and then spreading to form a film;
step (2): freezing the film in the step (1), taking out and putting into 5wt% CaCl 2 Crosslinking for 18h in saturated boric acid solution, cleaning, shearing and crushing to obtain the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent.
Example 2
A preparation method of an efficient uremic toxin adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step (1): dissolving 6g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.8g of modified sodium alginate in 100mL of deionized water, adding 2.3g of modified coconut shell activated carbon, uniformly stirring and dispersing, and then spreading to form a film;
step (2): freezing the film in step (1), taking out and putting into 4wt% CaCl 2 Cross-linking for 20h in saturated boric acid solution, cleaning, shearing and crushing to obtain the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent.
Example 3
A preparation method of an efficient uremic toxin adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step (1): dissolving 8g of polyvinyl alcohol and 1g of modified sodium alginate in 100mL of deionized water, adding 3g of modified coconut shell activated carbon, uniformly stirring and dispersing, and then spreading to form a film;
step (2): freezing the film in step (1), taking out and putting into 3wt% CaCl 2 Crosslinking for 24 hours in the saturated boric acid solution, cleaning, shearing and crushing to obtain the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent.
Example 4
A preparation method of an efficient uremic toxin adsorbent comprises the following steps:
step (1): 7g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.7g of modified sodium alginate are dissolved in 100mL of deionized water, 2.6g of modified coconut shell activated carbon is added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred and dispersed and then tiled to form a film;
step (2): freezing the film in step (1), taking out and putting into 4wt% CaCl 2 Cross-linking for 20h in saturated boric acid solution, cleaning, shearing and crushing to obtain the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent.
Example 5
The adsorbent in this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 2 except that 4g of modified coconut shell activated carbon was added in step (1).
Example 6
The procedure for the preparation of the adsorbent in this example was identical to that of example 2, except that 10g of polyvinyl alcohol was added in step (2).
Example 7
The procedure for the preparation of the adsorbent in this example was identical to that of example 2, except that 2g of modified sodium alginate was added in step (1).
Example 8
The adsorbent preparation in this example was identical to that of example 2, except that 6wt% CaCl was used in step (2) 2 Is a saturated boric acid solution.
Comparative example 1
The procedure for the preparation of the adsorbent in this example was identical to that of example 2, except that ordinary sodium alginate was used instead of modified sodium alginate.
Performance test of high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent
The performances of the adsorbents prepared in examples and comparative examples were measured as follows:
1. mechanical strength: the adsorbents prepared in the above examples and comparative examples with similar sizes and the same amounts by mass were used to suck the surface moisture with filter paper and weighed as W 1 Placing into a centrifuge tube filled with ultrapure water, ultrasonically treating for 30min, taking out, sucking off surface water, and weighing to W 2 Ball mechanical strength=w 2 /W 1 *100％。
2. Adsorption performance: respectively taking 10mL of plasma solution containing urea and creatinine, adding 5g of the adsorbent prepared in the examples and the comparative examples and 5g of the adsorbent of the commercial product respectively, sealing, vibrating and adsorbing for 2 hours at 37 ℃ in a shaking table, respectively measuring the change of each toxin after the adsorption is completed, calculating the adsorption rate of the adsorbent to each toxin according to the concentration difference before and after the adsorption, repeating the experiment for three times, and taking the average value, wherein the result is shown in table 1;
3. haemocompatibility: the adsorbents were soaked in physiological saline for 30min, the surface moisture was filtered off with a sand core funnel, 1g of the adsorbents was weighed and added to 5mL of human blood provided by fresh volunteers, the mixture was put into a 37 ℃ water bath for constant temperature, the mixture was taken out from the blood cell analyzer for 2h to determine the change condition of blood cells, the compatibility of the adsorbents prepared in examples and comparative examples and the commercial adsorbents were determined respectively, and the above experiment was repeated three times to average the results shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in the results of Table 1, the adsorbents prepared in examples 1 to 4 have good molding effect and mechanical properties, and remarkably reduce adhesion to red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, so that not only is the compatibility of blood improved, but also the adsorption rate of urea and creatinine in the blood of uremic patients is remarkably improved, and particularly, the adsorbent has remarkable cleaning effect on urea, which is remarkably higher than that of the urea in the market products.
In example 5, the amount of the modified coconut shell activated carbon added was large, which resulted in difficulty in molding the prepared adsorbent, and in the difficulty in blocking the internal pores of the adsorbent, which resulted in a decrease in the adsorption rate of urea and creatinine by the adsorbent.
The excessive addition of polyvinyl alcohol in example 6 and the excessive addition of modified sodium alginate in example 7 result in the preparation of adsorbent with high mechanical strength and reduced pores in the internal structure, and may lower the adsorption performance of the adsorbent to urea and creatinine.
CaCl among the crosslinking agents used in example 8 2 The concentration of (2) is too high, and the crosslinking is excessive, so that the prepared adsorbent has higher mechanical strength, the pores in the internal structure are reduced, and the adsorption performance on urea and creatinine is reduced.
In comparative example 1, common sodium alginate is used to replace modified sodium alginate, so that the prepared adsorbent has lower mechanical strength, is easy to break, has higher adhesion to erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets and lower blood compatibility, which indicates that the modified sodium alginate can obviously improve the comprehensive absorption performance of the prepared adsorbent.
While the present invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and modified sodium alginate in deionized water, adding modified coconut shell activated carbon, uniformly stirring and dispersing, and then spreading to form a film;
step (2): cooling the film of step (1)Freezing, taking out and putting into CaCl 2 Cross-linking in the saturated boric acid solution, cleaning, shearing and crushing to obtain the high-efficiency uremic toxin adsorbent.
2. The method for preparing the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation steps of the modified sodium alginate are as follows:
step S1: dissolving sodium alginate in hydrochloric acid solution, and heating in water bath to obtain a basic reaction system;
step S2: using nitrogen to protect the basic reaction system obtained in the whole step S1, slowly dripping phosphorylcholine into the basic reaction system, and stirring for reaction;
step S3: and (3) after the reaction in the step (S2) is finished, placing the product obtained after the reaction in deionized water for dialysis treatment, collecting the product, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified sodium alginate.
3. The method for preparing the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1-2%, and the mass ratio of sodium alginate, phosphorylcholine and the hydrochloric acid solution is (5-10): 1-5): 100.
4. The method for preparing the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol and the modified sodium alginate in the step (1) are respectively 4-8wt% and 0.6-1.2wt% of deionized water.
5. The method for preparing the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the modified sodium alginate in the step (1) is (5-10): 1.
6. The method for preparing a highly potent uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein CaCl in step (2) 2 3-5wt% of saturated boric acid solution, and the crosslinking time is 18-24h.
7. The preparation method of the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the total mass ratio of the modified coconut shell activated carbon to the polyvinyl alcohol and the modified sodium alginate is 1 (2-4).
8. The method for preparing the efficient uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation steps of the modified coconut shell activated carbon are as follows:
step (1): drying coconut shells, putting the coconut shells into a carbonization furnace, heating, preserving heat, carbonizing, and cooling to obtain carbonized materials;
step (2): crushing the carbonized material, introducing nitrogen, heating, stopping introducing nitrogen, switching to steam for activation, stopping heating, cutting off the steam, introducing nitrogen, cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated material, rinsing and drying to obtain activated coconut shell activated carbon;
step (3): crushing activated coconut shell activated carbon, adding the crushed activated carbon into sulfuric acid solution, oscillating at constant temperature, washing with distilled water to neutrality, and drying to constant weight to obtain sulfuric acid modified activated carbon;
step (4): weighing corn silk, adding deionized water, carrying out constant-temperature water bath, carrying out suction filtration, repeating the above operation for 2 times, combining filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into concentrated solution, sealing, placing in a shade, filtering to obtain solid, washing, redissolving distilled water, dialyzing with flowing water, precipitating with alcohol, separating to obtain powdery corn silk polysaccharide, dissolving corn silk polysaccharide and trisodium citrate into deionized water, carrying out constant-temperature stirring, regulating pH, dropwise adding ferric trichloride solution until solid appears in the solution, stopping dropwise adding, continuing heating and stirring, carrying out suction filtration, adding equal volume absolute ethyl alcohol into filtrate, sealing, placing in a dark place, carrying out suction filtration, washing precipitate, dialyzing with deionized water, precipitating with alcohol, separating to obtain corn silk polysaccharide iron;
step (5): dissolving corn silk polysaccharide iron in acetic acid solution, adding sulfuric acid modified activated carbon, stirring in water bath, and drying to obtain modified coconut shell activated carbon.
9. A highly effective uremic toxin adsorbent obtainable by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of a highly potent uremic toxin adsorbent according to claim 9 in the field of wearable artificial kidneys.
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