CN117716624A

CN117716624A - Solar power device and system for building

Info

Publication number: CN117716624A
Application number: CN202280051061.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梅纳什·阿尔苏斯
Original assignee: Solar Fence Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Solar Fence Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-05
Filing date: 2022-08-04
Publication date: 2024-03-15

Abstract

A prefabricated solar structural element is disclosed comprising a building structural element ready for integration into a building, a plurality of solar cell carriers, and a plurality of solar cells attached to the plurality of solar cell carriers, wherein the plurality of solar cells generate electricity in response to light. The prefabricated solar structural element is prefabricated by integrating the structural element, the plurality of solar cell carriers and the plurality of solar cells prior to integrating the prefabricated solar structural element into the building.

Description

Solar power device and system for building

Technical Field

The present subject matter relates to solar energy. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to the use of multiple 3D multi-faceted solar cells to generate electrical energy in multiple pens, multiple buildings, multiple walls, multiple roofs, and the like, and to multiple modular structural units incorporating multiple solar cells.

Background

Solar energy plays an important role in a variety of applications in many energy-related fields: many remote regional energy sources, agriculture, utility grid support, telecommunications, many industrial processes, and other many green environmental energy sources.

A number of Photovoltaic (PV) cells are the leading technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy. A plurality of photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used; however, their main disadvantages are high price and low efficiency.

Multiple solar cell concentrators can be used to increase collection efficiency, but are not yet mature due to the high cost of constructing multiple high efficiency collectors and multiple solar trackers.

Various solar photovoltaic panels of the prior art are typically deployed as flat structures on roofs or other substantially horizontal surfaces facing radiation from the sun. These structures are not suitable for any roof, as some roofs, such as greenhouse roofs, cannot block natural sunlight through the plurality of flat structures. Furthermore, these structures cannot be used for a plurality of structures perpendicular to the direction of sunlight. These structures are relatively heavy structures and are relatively expensive because they must withstand high winds and accumulate dust and dirt easily and accumulate on the flat structures. Furthermore, not every roof can withstand the plurality of heavy structures supporting the plurality of solar panels.

Disclosure of Invention

According to a first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a prefabricated solar energy structural element comprising: a building construction element ready for integration into a building; a plurality of solar cell carriers; and a plurality of solar cells attached to the plurality of solar cell carriers, wherein the plurality of solar cells generate electricity in response to light, wherein the prefabricated solar structural element is prefabricated by integrating the structural element, the plurality of solar cell carriers and the plurality of solar cells prior to integrating the prefabricated solar structural element into the building.

The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein the building is a modular industrial building.

In some exemplary embodiments, the modular industrial building is a warehouse.

In some exemplary embodiments, the modular industrial building is a residence.

In some exemplary embodiments, the building structural element comprises: an inner plate; an outer plate; and a thermal insulating layer sandwiched between the inner and outer plates, and wherein the plurality of solar cell carriers are attached to the outer plates.

In some exemplary embodiments, the building structural element comprises: an inner plate; an outer plate; and a thermal insulating layer sandwiched between the inner and outer plates, and wherein the plurality of solar cell carriers are part of the outer plates.

The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein the building structural element comprises a transparent panel.

In some exemplary embodiments, the architectural structural element is a transparent panel that allows a portion of the light to pass through the prefabricated solar structural element.

In some exemplary embodiments, at least a portion of the transparent plate is zigzag shaped such that all of the zigzagged portions are at a first angle with respect to the plate and all of the turning portions are at a second angle with respect to the plate, and wherein the plurality of zigzagged portions are the plurality of solar cell carriers.

In some exemplary embodiments, the transparent plate is double glazing to provide thermal insulation.

In some exemplary embodiments, the transparent plate is colored.

In some exemplary embodiments, the prefabricated solar structural element is used as a window.

In some exemplary embodiments, the prefabricated solar energy structural element is used as part of a roof.

In some exemplary embodiments, the roof is a roof of a greenhouse.

In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of solar cell carriers are made of metal.

In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of solar cell carriers are tilted at an oblique angle with respect to the prefabricated solar structural element.

In some exemplary embodiments, the tilt angle is selected based on the latitude at which the building is located.

In some exemplary embodiments, the tilt angle is selected according to one of: in northern europe, the sun is only 55 to 60 degrees from the horizon, the tilt angle is between 50 and 60 degrees; in central europe, the sun is only 65 to 70 degrees from the horizon, the tilt angle is between 35 and 45 degrees; the tilt angle is between 20 and 30 degrees when the sun at noon is 80 degrees from the horizon in israel; in china, the tilt angle is between 20 and 30 degrees when the sun at noon is 95 degrees from the horizon; and in new york, the tilt angle is between 35 and 45 when sun noon is 72 degrees from the horizon.

In some exemplary embodiments, the prefabricated solar structural element is used as part of a wall.

In some exemplary embodiments, the prefabricated solar structural element is used as part of a fence.

In some exemplary embodiments, the enclosure is a sound-dampening enclosure.

In some exemplary embodiments, the three-dimensional structure of the sound-dampening rail face has better sound absorption properties than a planar sound-dampening rail.

In some exemplary embodiments, the weight of the prefabricated solar structural element is less than 50% of the weight of an equally sized solar structure.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a bifacial solar unit comprising: at least a first transparent plate, the first transparent plate being three-dimensional in structure having a first face including a plurality of facets oriented at a plurality of angles relative to the first transparent plate; and a plurality of solar cells attached to at least some of the plurality of facets, and wherein the plurality of solar cells generate electricity in response to light falling on either side of the bifacial solar unit.

In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of solar cells is a plurality of thin film solar cells.

In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of solar cells is a plurality of bifacial solar cells intended to generate electricity in response to light received on either side of the plurality of bifacial solar cells.

In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of solar cells is a plurality of single-sided solar cells intended to generate electricity in response to light received on the active faces of the plurality of single-sided solar cells, wherein the plurality of active faces of the plurality of single-sided solar cells face the sun facing side of the first transparent plate, and wherein at least a portion of the light reaching the sun facing side opposite to the sun facing side of the first transparent plate is reflected or refracted to fall on the plurality of active faces of the plurality of single-sided solar cells.

In some exemplary embodiments, the bifacial solar unit further comprises a second transparent plate that is three-dimensional in structure and has a first face comprising a plurality of facets, wherein the plurality of facets are oriented at a plurality of angles relative to the second transparent plate, wherein the three-dimensional structure of the first face of the second plate matches the three-dimensional structure of the first face of the second plate, and wherein the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate are laminated together such that the plurality of solar cells are sandwiched between the two transparent plates.

In some exemplary embodiments, the bifacial solar unit is used to generate solar energy when placed vertically.

In some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first transparent panel or the second transparent panel is a thick explosion-proof panel.

In some exemplary embodiments, the explosion proof panel is made of a polycarbonate (polycarbonate) material.

One aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter is related to a plurality of modular solar panel structures. More particularly, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to three-dimensional susceptors for use as multiple solar cell panel structures.

In some embodiments, to overcome these drawbacks, there is a need for multiple lightweight structures that can be positioned as multiple vertical structures as the basis for multiple photovoltaic cells.

Another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter is to provide a three-dimensional structure having a first surface and an opposing surface that serve as a basis for a plurality of solar cells. The plurality of solar cells are adhered to one or both of the surfaces. The plurality of solar panels are incorporated within the structure, so that a special additional support is not required to place the structure of the plurality of solar panels.

Another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter is to provide a solar structure comprising a three-dimensional sheet having a first surface and an opposing surface; and a plurality of solar cells adhered to at least a portion of at least one of the first surface and the opposing surface.

Yet another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter is to provide a solar three-dimensional structure that can be used as multiple roofs, multiple partially transparent roofs, multiple wall coverings, multiple fences, multiple building sections, a combination thereof, and the like.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although a variety of methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presently disclosed subject matter, a variety of suitable methods and materials are described below. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

The above-described features may be combined singly or in combination in total.

Drawings

Some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter are described herein, by way of example only, with reference to the various drawings. Referring now in specific detail to the several drawings, it is emphasized that the various details are shown merely to provide a schematic discussion of the various preferred embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, and are presented to provide a most useful and readily understood description of the various principles and conceptual aspects of the presently disclosed subject matter. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the disclosed subject matter in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the disclosed subject matter, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the disclosed subject matter may be embodied in practice.

In the various figures:

fig. 1A schematically depicts a house according to the prior art having a plurality of solar panel structures mounted on its roof with respect to the solar track.

Fig. 1B schematically depicts a solar panel array structure according to the prior art mounted on a horizontal surface with respect to the solar track.

Fig. 2A schematically depicts a sound insulation barrier according to the prior art.

Fig. 2B schematically depicts a safety barrier according to the prior art.

Fig. 3A schematically illustrates various surfaces of different types to be provided with a plurality of solar cells, according to various embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3B (i) schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a solar rail in accordance with embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3B (ii) schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a solar rail with improved ballistic protection in accordance with embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3C schematically illustrates a three-dimensional solar structure according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3D schematically illustrates a 3D structure that may be used in multiple roofs, animal farming, or skylights used as greenhouses in the agricultural field, according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3E schematically illustrates a 3D structure including a sheet of a material that may be transparent or opaque in animal farming or in a skylight, according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3F schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flexible prism array in a rolled-up state according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3G (i) schematically illustrates an isometric view of a flexible prism array deployed on a surface, according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3G (ii) schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flexible prism array disposed on a surface, showing some light paths, according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3H (i) schematically illustrates an isometric view of a semi-transparent shell according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3H (ii) schematically illustrates an isometric view of a semi-transparent shell according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 4A schematically depicts an electrical power generation industrial building mounted with a flexible array of at least one triangular housing according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 4B schematically depicts an electrical power generation industrial building having a plurality of prefabricated solar structural elements according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 5A schematically illustrates a photo view of a prefabricated solar element having a plurality of oblique solar strips according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 5B schematically illustrates a photo view of a prefabricated solar element having a plurality of shallow slanted solar bars according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 6A schematically illustrates a photographic view of a prefabricated translucent solar element having a plurality of solar strips according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 6B schematically illustrates a photo view of a prefabricated translucent solar element having a plurality of solar strips installed as a window according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 6C schematically depicts a solar 3D structure that may be used in greenhouses or skylights according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 6C schematically illustrates a photo view of a mold for molding the 3D solar structure according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 7A (i) to 7A (ii) schematically illustrate a plurality of solar pens of different types provided with a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 8A schematically shows a roofing material according to the prior art.

Fig. 8B schematically illustrates a plurality of solar cells attached to a plurality of corrugated roofing materials, in accordance with an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 8C schematically illustrates a plurality of corrugated roofing materials having a plurality of facets of different directions, in accordance with an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 9 schematically illustrates a 3D solar panel attached to a vehicle according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 10A schematically illustrates damage to a plurality of solar cells when the plurality of solar cells are bonded to a support structure according to the prior art.

Fig. 10B schematically illustrates a mold for bonding a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 10C schematically illustrates a 3D mold for bonding a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 10D schematically illustrates a 3D mold and a 3D rigid support structure according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 10E schematically illustrates a soft pressure application device according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Detailed Description

Before explaining at least one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter in detail, it is to be understood that the disclosed subject matter is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The disclosed subject matter is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The figures are not generally drawn to scale. For purposes of clarity, a number of unnecessary elements have been omitted from some of the figures.

The terms "comprising (comprise, comprising)", "including (include, including)", and "having (having)" as well as a plurality of their cognate words mean "including but not limited to". The term "consisting of" and "consisting of" have the same meaning as "including and limited to".

The term "consisting essentially of (consisting essentially of)" means that the composition, method, or structure may include additional ingredients, steps, and/or parts, provided that such additional ingredients, steps, and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method, or structure.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term "a compound" or "at least one compound" may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

Throughout this application, various embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description of the range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of the disclosed subject matter. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges as well as individual values within the range.

It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosed subject matter, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the disclosed subject matter, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or in any other described embodiment suitable for use in the disclosed subject matter. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered as essential features of those embodiments, unless those elements are not present in the described embodiments.

In the discussion of the various figures described below, like reference numerals refer to like parts. Specifically, a number followed by a letter such as "a" or "b" may mark the symmetric element. In order not to confuse the text, a number followed by the letter "x" will refer to any of the letters following the number in the figures, e.g., 10x may represent any of 10A and 10b, 10A, etc.

Referring now to fig. 1A, a house according to the prior art is schematically depicted having a plurality of solar panel structures mounted on its roof with respect to the solar track.

A house or other structure such as 801 is shown having an inclined roof 802 upon which is constructed a structure of a plurality of solar panels 803. The structure itself is heavy and its installation is cumbersome and expensive. During the day, the sun 812 is travelling along a trajectory 814 from east to west and a plurality of solar panels must be mounted on the roof, preferably at an angle pointing south, in order to effectively maximize the effective collection of light radiation. This significantly limits the number of areas in which the plurality of solar panels may be installed to operate efficiently. In some cases, a metal structure is built under the main structure with the plurality of solar cells in order to obtain the correct angle towards the south. This increases the cost of the power generation system.

Another limitation of the prior art plurality of solar panels is that the plurality of solar cells are packaged within the structure that blocks the passage of light. If the roof has a skylight, a plurality of windows, or a plurality of openings, this limits the area in which the plurality of panels may be installed, as it invalidates the skylight or any other opening on the roof. In addition, some roofs require the ability to pass sunlight through the roof, so a structure as shown in fig. 1 cannot be used in this situation because they block sunlight. Some roofs are not strong enough to support multiple solar structures of the prior art.

The efficiency of the energy collection may be affected because not all houses employ optimally sloped or oriented roofs. It should be noted that the efficiency of the energy collection is affected when the sun changes its position in the sky during the day (at any location) and during the year (away from the equator).

Referring now to fig. 1B, a solar panel array structure according to the prior art is schematically depicted mounted on a horizontal surface relative to the solar track.

The solar array 820 includes a plurality of flat solar panels 838 (here in side view), each mounted on a support structure surface 830, the support structure surface 830 being mounted on a corresponding support structure 835. To optimize the energy generation, the plurality of panels are oriented such that the angle 841 between the solar ray 852 and the surface of the plurality of solar panels 838 is approximately 90 degrees when the sun 812 is in its highest position. To avoid one panel being obscured by an adjacent panel, the distance 855 between adjacent panels needs to be maintained. This results in a plurality of gaps between adjacent panels and incomplete coverage of the surface 851 where the array 820 is located. In large solar arrays, surface 851 is the ground, while in smaller arrays, surface 851 may be a roof. Shadows between multiple panels and/or unused gaps are unavoidable as the sun moves along daily and seasonal trajectories.

The seasonal adjustment of the tilt of a plurality of panels 838 requires periodically tilting the orientation of the support surface 830 relative to the structure 835. This increases the complexity and cost of the solar energy system and increases the maintenance costs.

Because the support surface 830 is opaque, sunlight, whether direct or diffuse, cannot pass through it to illuminate the plurality of solar panels 838 from behind.

It should be noted that multiple "bifacial" solar cells may be used, which are designed to generate electricity when illuminated on both sides. However, these are expensive. Multiple solar panels designed for single-sided illumination do generate electricity (less efficiently) when illuminated from the back side. However, in a conventional solar panel with an opaque support surface, back lighting is not possible.

Reference is now made to fig. 1C, which schematically depicts an industrial building according to the prior art.

The industrial building 860 typically includes a plurality of prefabricated panels 862 from which the plurality of walls 864 and/or roofs 861 are constructed. Adding solar panels to such industrial buildings is typically accomplished by mounting a solar array of the art on the roof 86, as shown in fig. 1B. This is particularly the case because the roofs of industrial buildings are generally flat and do not slope south, as shown in fig. 1A. The installation costs are very high and complex. In addition, the added weight of the solar array and the plurality of support structures must also be considered and reinforcement of the roof may be required. Some roofs cannot support the added weight at all, such as multiple roofs made of corrugated plastic or corrugated fiberglass material.

Since the solar array 820 is primarily opaque, a plurality of skylights in the roof are substantially obscured by it.

Multiple walls are rarely used for multiple solar panels because of the high cost of installing multiple solar arrays on the multiple vertical walls and the fact that the multiple walls may not be optimally facing the sun. It should be noted that simply covering multiple vertical walls with multiple flat solar panels is an inefficient use of the multiple expensive solar cells due to the unfavorable angle to the sun. It should also be noted that mounting multiple inclined solar panels on multiple existing roofs, especially on multiple existing walls, is time consuming, expensive, requires engineering testing and/or compliance with regulations, and is aesthetically unattractive.

It is an object of the present subject matter to provide a plurality of solar structures comprising a plurality of three-dimensional features that overcome at least some of the drawbacks of the prior art solar arrays seen in fig. 1A, 1B and 1C.

Referring now to fig. 2A, a sound insulation barrier according to the prior art is schematically depicted.

A plurality of sound insulation barriers as shown are typically built near or along a train track or highway to reduce the noise level in nearby public or residential areas. The sound barrier 870 includes a plurality of frame structures 871 anchored to the ground 851. Then, a plurality of transparent plates 872 and/or a plurality of translucent plates 871 are attached to the frame 871.

Since the sound insulation barriers must follow nearby train tracks or highways, their direction depends on the path of the train tracks or highways and they cannot always face south. Thus, simply covering the plurality of vertical plates with a plurality of flat solar panels is an inefficient use of the plurality of expensive solar cells. In the east-west sound barrier, since the solar rays in noon are mainly parallel to the barrier, the efficiency of power generation is further reduced. It should also be noted that mounting multiple inclined solar panels of the art on multiple sound insulation barriers is time consuming, expensive and aesthetically unattractive. In addition, mounting multiple solar cells over a large portion of the panels 871 and 872 greatly reduces the transparency of the barrier.

Reference is now made to fig. 2B, which schematically depicts a safety barrier according to the prior art.

A plurality of security barriers as shown are typically built around a boundary or along a line or around sensitive equipment to provide small arms protection and intrusion deterrence. The safety barrier 880 includes a plurality of panels 881 that are securely anchored to the ground 851. Barbed wire fence 882 is typically mounted on top of a plurality of panels 881.

Various intrusion sensors such as various surveillance cameras, various motion detectors, various proximity sensors, various radars, various searchlights, a combination thereof, and the like are typically mounted on the various security barriers. Such electronic devices require electrical power and because these safety barriers are typically located in remote areas, providing electrical power from the main grid is both expensive and potentially dangerous.

Since a plurality of safety barriers must be along the plurality of boundaries of the protection zone, their direction depends on the boundaries of the protection zone and cannot always face south. Thus, simply covering the plurality of vertical plates with a plurality of flat solar panels is an inefficient use of the plurality of expensive solar cells. In the east-west safety barrier, since the solar rays are mainly parallel to the barrier at noon, the efficiency of power generation is further reduced. It should also be noted that in some cases, mounting multiple solar cells on the side of the safety barrier remote from the protection zone, such as the boundary, may subject it to enemy fire or damage.

It is a further object of the present subject matter to provide a solar structure comprising a three-dimensional structure that overcomes at least some of the plurality of disadvantages of barrier solar power generation as seen in fig. 2A and 2B.

Fig. 3A-3H (ii) disclose some efficiency-enhanced solar cells and systems that use multiple 3D surfaces or multiple prisms that can be used in a variety of building structures and that allow at least some of the above-described drawbacks to be overcome.

Referring now to fig. 3A, a schematic illustration of multiple surfaces of different types to be provided with multiple solar cells is shown, according to various embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Multiple surfaces with different shapes of the 3D structure may be used, with multiple sides oriented in multiple directions, with the multiple solar cells disposed on some of the multiple sides, optionally using light transmission within the structure.

The structure 900 may be a block or a housing 901 to which the plurality of solar cells are adhered or embedded. The front face of the structure can be seen, as well as the cross-sectional view (B) and the enlarged view (C), showing the many sides of the structure and its depth.

Vertically oriented structures, such as those disclosed in this document, including prismatic or angled structures, may be used as solar fences that combine solar power generation with a physical barrier.

The plurality of geometries increases the area of the plurality of solar cells by a factor of three compared to the area of structure 900; thus, the fence has a higher light utilization than a standard panel because it has more solar cell space and optionally acts as a double sided.

Referring now to fig. 3B (i), a cross-sectional view of a solar rail in accordance with embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

In this example it is seen that the solar rail 950 is anchored vertically to the ground 960. In the cross-sectional view of the solar rail 950, it can be seen how the panel 951 is made of two transparent plastic or glass panels 952a and 952b in a three-dimensional shape, and between the two panels 952a and 952b, a double-sided solar cell 953 is provided, which receives light from both sides of the rail, so that there is more time to be exposed to light. The fence will receive more sunlight than a normal panel because it receives sunlight throughout the day even when the sun is east, south, and west.

The fence provides a good solution to the problem of being unsuitable for placement of ordinary panels on roadsides, along rails, near electric vehicle charging stations, in farms, etc., and wherever there is insufficient space to place ordinary panels.

The solar rail may be partially transparent or have multiple portions that are transparent or translucent, or a combination thereof. The plurality of solar fences may be installed in an agricultural area as an insulated fence for roads, walls, sound insulation walls, electric public transportation vicinity, electric vehicle charging vicinity, sports facilities, etc., to provide physical structural benefits as well as to provide solar energy.

It should be noted that the plurality of solar cells are embedded between the two side rails or are stuck to one side of the rails. The two-sided rail fully utilizes sunlight in any direction.

The plurality of transparent materials used in the plurality of solar fences can be polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC), acrylic (acryl), glass, a combination thereof, and the like. These vertical structures provide more exposed surface in a relatively small area on the floor.

It should be noted that the energy production of the plurality of solar cells may be performed on a plurality of corrugated and differently oriented surfaces. Another advantage of the plurality of solar fences with structured surfaces is that they lack or reduce reflection of sunlight, as well as reflection of automotive headlights of people using the roadway.

An additional advantage of the structured face of the solar rail seen herein is its multiple sound absorbing properties. Unlike a flat surface that primarily reflects sound, a structured surface disperses and absorbs multiple sound waves.

Referring now to fig. 3B (ii), a cross-sectional view of a solar rail provided with improved ballistic protection according to other embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

In this example it is seen that the solar rail 950' provided with improved ballistic protection is anchored vertically to the ground 960. In the cross-sectional view of a solar enclosure 950 'provided with improved ballistic protection, it can be seen how the panel 951' is made of two transparent plastic or glass panels 952'a and 952' b in a three-dimensional shape, while between the two panels 952'a and 952' b a bifacial solar cell 953 is provided, which receives light from both sides of the enclosure, thus allowing more time for exposure to sunlight. However, a single-sided solar cell may be used. Specifically, when the rail 950' is installed in the east-west direction, sunlight mainly falls on one of its sides. In addition, some single-sided solar cells do generate electricity (are less efficient) when illuminated from the back side. In general, a plurality of single-sided solar cells are cheaper than a plurality of double-sided solar cells.

It should be noted that some of the plurality of prisms disclosed in this document provide double sided operation for the energy harvesting unit without using the plurality of more expensive double sided solar cells. Furthermore, while several experiments have shown that using multiple bifacial solar cells can only increase efficiency by 10% to 20%, using multiple prisms can increase efficiency by up to 60%. This is particularly important for countries where the sun is lower in the sky.

All of the attributes and advantages of solar pens 950 and 950' are the same or similar.

However, panels 952' a and 952' b are thicker than the respective panels 952a and 952b and, preferably, provide improved ballistic protection 950' when combined to form the solar enclosure, which interlock to form a thick enclosure having a plurality of substantially planar outer surfaces.

The solar rail 950' provided with improved ballistic protection may provide protection against small arms fire, explosions, and explosive ammunition fragments. Multiple transparent portions without multiple solar cells may be included to allow viewing while partially obscuring enemy vision and remaining protected. A plurality of firing portholes may also be provided for the plurality of defenders. The thickness of the solar rail 950' provided with improved ballistic protection may be selected to provide the desired strength and protection. Additional multiple blast resistant panels or laminates may be added, for example on both sides or only on the old side. The solar rail 950' provided with improved ballistic protection may be made of a strong and non-breakable polycarbonate material. The sincere-friendly improved ballistic protection solar rail 950' may be used in military installations, multiple boundaries, and multiple places where vandalism may occur. The solar rail 950' provided with improved ballistic protection may be used as a robust solar power system rather than as part of a rail.

Referring now to fig. 3C, a three-dimensional solar structure in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

The sun 812 can be seen to travel from east to west along a trajectory 814. A solar energy system 980 including a three-dimensional solar structure 910 having a saw-tooth profile is vertically positioned. The area on the ground is minimal compared to the area occupied by the multiple solar panels of the prior art, since the flat standard structure must be positioned with the surface of the panel up. The current structure is vertical and thus occupies about 5-10% of the surface of the prior art.

The saw-tooth profile structure 916 is a relatively thin structure that includes, for example, a first surface 916A that is positionable facing west and an opposite surface 916B that is substantially identical to the first surface and positionable facing east. Other directions are possible and depend on the positioning of the structure.

The thickness of the thin structure may be from about 2mm thick to a few centimeters or more. In the case of using a sheet of about 2 to 5mm, the width of the saw-tooth profile may be about 60mm + -5 mm. The angle between the plurality of continuous surfaces may be about 90 degrees and the distance between the plurality of continuous low or high points may be about 125mm + -5 mm. However, other parameters may be used.

The saw tooth profile structure 916 may be positioned as a fence that separates or limits multiple areas of private, municipal, or national use. A plurality of solar cells 918 are attached to a first surface 916A on the plurality of faces facing upward. A plurality of solar cells 920 are attached to the opposing surface 916B and to the plurality of faces facing upward. As such, the plurality of solar cells 920 on the opposing surface 916B are actively generating electricity when the sun is in the east, and the plurality of solar cells 918 on the first surface 916A are active when solar is in the west, in the afternoon. In this way, the effectiveness of collecting the radiation from the traveling sun is maintained despite the vertical positioning of the structure 910 and the minimal area it occupies on the ground.

It should be mentioned that the 3D structure 910 is light relative to the heavier structures of the prior art and may be as much as 50% lighter than a plurality of prior art structures. Therefore, the device is convenient to transport and install. In addition, it can be placed in a variety of locations where a variety of structures that reduce weight are desired, such as water and structures made of a variety of materials that are not strong but cost effective.

It should be mentioned that not all upwardly facing surfaces need to be covered with a plurality of solar cells, the spreading of which depends on the requirements of the system.

According to another embodiment, only one side is covered with a plurality of solar cells, while the other side is used for adhering the 3D structure to cover a wall with any element in the vertical direction.

On the light-facing surfaces not covered by the solar cells, mirrors may be glued (or the surfaces may be coated with a reflective material) to increase the reflection of the light in the solar cell areas, further improving the efficiency of the day.

Referring now to fig. 3D and 3E, a three-dimensional structure having a plurality of solar cells adhered to or on portions of the three-dimensional structure, respectively, is schematically illustrated in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Fig. 3D illustrates a 3D structure 930, which may be used, for example, in multiple roofs, animal farming, or skylights used as greenhouses in the agricultural field, according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The thin structure 932 is made of a material that is transparent, such as glass, polycarbonate, a combination thereof, and the like. The 3D structure 30 includes a sheet 932 of transparent material having an upper surface with a saw-tooth profile. The upper surface of the sheet 932 is partially covered by a plurality of solar cells 934. The plurality of covered surfaces are the plurality of surfaces all facing the same direction, while the surfaces facing the other directions are uncovered. Since the sheet 932 is transparent, light can penetrate to the other side of the 3D structure 930. The beam of light, as indicated by arrow 936, penetrates the roof structure 930.

According to other various embodiments, the sheet 932 may be transparent but colored such that light passing through the plurality of transparent surfaces is colored. This can be used for certain crops that grow better under colored light.

According to a further embodiment, the plurality of transparent portions not covered by the plurality of solar cells may be provided with a plurality of optical filters. Alternatively, the plurality of transparent portions not covered by the plurality of solar cells may be open or made of paste, or have a plurality of holes for ventilation.

Fig. 3E shows a 3D structure 940 that includes a sheet of material 942 that may be transparent or opaque. The entire upwardly facing surface is covered with a plurality of solar cells. The plurality of solar cells 944 is oriented in one direction and the plurality of solar cells 946 is oriented in the opposite direction. Also in this case, according to another embodiment, some of the plurality of surfaces may be covered with a plurality of mirrors that reflect the light beam only to another direction, instead of some of the plurality of solar cells 944 and/or the plurality of solar cells 946.

The 3D structure 940 may be used to cover multiple warehouses where unwanted light passes through the structure through the roof. The same structure may also be used to cover the plurality of walls of the building or the warehouse.

It should be mentioned that the length or width of the 3D structure is not limited.

It should be emphasized that in some embodiments, the plurality of solar cells are adhered to or embedded in the building structure to be used for building a roof or wall, rather than being embedded in a support structure that is subsequently mounted to the plurality of existing roofs or walls, as is known in the art. This is one of the reasons for the lighter weight of the 3D structure than the conventional structures.

Another disadvantage associated with the prior art construction is that the plurality of panels become very hot, and therefore, a plurality of hot spots are formed on the plurality of solar cells, which limits the effectiveness of the plurality of panels. The plurality of panels may need to be cooled, sometimes by a plurality of sprinklers. This increases the cost and complexity of the solar energy system. According to some embodiments of the present subject matter, a solar panel is provided that is incorporated into the roof such that the air conditioning from the warehouse or building interior cools the plurality of solar cells. Over time, this also makes the plurality of solar cells more efficient and reduces their degradation.

Another advantage of the present subject matter over the plurality of conventional solar panels is that the entire roof and/or wall may be covered by the plurality of solar cells, as the orientation of the plurality of panels is not limited to the south. Other directions are possible and thus more likely.

Fig. 3F, 3G (i), and 3G (ii) schematically illustrate a flexible prism array according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Referring now to fig. 3F, a cross-sectional view of a flexible prism array in a rolled state is schematically illustrated according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The flexible prism array 970 includes a plurality of rigid or semi-rigid prisms 972, each prism having a solar cell 973 attached to its lower surface. The plurality of prisms 972 are then attached to a flexible sheet 971, the flexible sheet 971 allowing the flexible prism array 970 to be rolled up for shipping or storage. In addition, the flexibility of the flexible sheet 971 enables its deployment on multiple curved surfaces (convex or concave). The flexible sheet 971 may be opaque, for example, for deployment on a roof, or transparent for deployment on a transparent panel for deployment as a partially transparent skylight, partially transparent window, or a solar rail. In these cases, multiple translucent solar cells are used, or not all areas of the flexible prism array are covered by multiple solar cells.

Note that other types of multiple prisms may be used, such as those seen in the other multiple figures of this document.

Referring now to fig. 3G (i), an isometric view of a flexible prism array deployed on a surface is schematically illustrated, according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

In this example, the flexible prism array 970 is unfolded and attached to a surface 960. The surface 960 may be a roof or a wall. The attachment may be accomplished using an adhesive or fastener (not shown herein). The large flexible prism array 970 may be cut to size between two adjacent prisms. The plurality of large areas may be covered by a plurality of flexible prism arrays.

Referring now to fig. 3G (ii), a cross-sectional view of a flexible prism array deployed on a surface, showing some light paths, is schematically illustrated according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The flexible array 970 (seen here deployed on a horizontal surface, but inclined or curved surfaces may be used) may utilize light arriving from any direction as the sun 812 travels along its daily and seasonal path 814. To reduce the clutter of the figure, the ray paths reflected from one prism to the adjacent prism are omitted.

Fig. 3H (i) through 3H (ii) schematically illustrate semi-transparent housings according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter. In some embodiments, the plurality of prisms are hollow and optionally filled with water.

Referring now to fig. 3H (i), an isometric view of a semi-transparent shell is schematically illustrated, according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The translucent prism 1010 has a bottom surface 1011, two side surfaces 1012 and 1013, and two ends 1015 and 1016.

In the depicted example, solar cell 1020 is attached to and covers a portion of one of the side surfaces 1012 or 1013. This allows some of the light impinging on the translucent prism 1010 to pass through the translucent prism. Thus, translucent housing 1010 may be used alone or in an array as a partially transparent roof, skylight or window, a combination thereof, or the like.

Referring now to fig. 3H (ii), an isometric view of a semi-transparent shell is schematically illustrated, according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The translucent housing 1030 has a bottom surface 1011, two side surfaces 1012 and 1013, and two ends 1015 and 1016. In the depicted example, solar cell 1020 is attached to and covers a portion of the bottom surface 1011. This allows some of the light impinging on the translucent housing 1030 to pass through the translucent housing. Thus, translucent housing 1010 may be used alone or in an array as a partially transparent roof, skylight, or window.

It should be noted that the locations, dimensions, and cover portions of the solar cells 1020 as seen herein are used as a number of non-limiting examples, and other parameters may be used. Alternatively, multiple solar cells may be used on the same housing, optionally on different surfaces. Alternatively, the solar cell may cover the entire surface.

One advantage of the rectangular solar cells used with the elongated housings 1010 and 1030 is the ease of manufacturing the plurality of solar cell patches 1020. A plurality of solar cells are typically purchased as a plurality of large sheets cut to size. The plurality of large solar panels are typically pre-grooved so that they can be easily cut into a plurality of rectangular patches. In contrast, cutting multiple triangles or patches with multiple non-right angle shapes can be difficult and can result in wastage of solar cell material. Cutting multiple octagonal patches may result in up to 50% loss of solar cell material.

Alternatively, the elongated housing is made as a hollow housing with both ends 1015 and 1016 open. The hollow housing may be filled with water when deployed. The water filled housing has a plurality of optical characteristics similar to a solid prism because the refractive index of water is close to that of plastic and glass. The prismatic housing can be produced by extrusion, is lighter to transport and is cheaper due to the lower cost of water compared to glass or plastic.

Additionally, the hollow housing may be used to direct a flow of water from one end to the other. The water flow may be used to cool the plurality of solar cells, thereby increasing their efficiency.

Additionally and alternatively, the hollow housing with water circulation or water flow may be part of a solar collector of a solar water heating system, providing both electrical power and hot water.

In many high-rise buildings, the roof may be too small to install a plurality of solar collectors for all apartments, and the path of the hot water from the roof to the plurality of lower floors may become cold. In these cases, the water filled solar housing may be mounted on the wall facing the sun, providing hot water directly to the apartment while providing electricity.

Alternatively, the hollow housing is left empty and a plurality of optional holes are drilled in at least one of its surfaces to allow air to circulate or flow to cool the plurality of solar cells.

In applications where only one side of the housing is exposed to sunlight, a metal plate (e.g., aluminum) may be used, optionally with multiple heat sinks exposed to air.

These translucent lamp housings can achieve efficiencies of up to 18% and light transmittance of 50%.

Fig. 4A and 4B disclose an industrial building having multiple solar power generation capabilities that overcomes at least some of the multiple disadvantages associated with the prior art seen in fig. 1A-1C, according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Referring now to fig. 4A, an electrical generation industrial building is schematically depicted with a flexible array of at least one triangular prism mounted in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

A flexible triangular prism array 970 may be placed on the roof 861 of the power generation industrial building 470. The lightweight flexible triangular prism array 970 does not require a support structure and may be directly bonded or fastened to the roof. The flexible triangular prism array 970 can be transported in its rolled state to be unrolled in situ.

Additional pluralities of flexible triangular prism arrays 970 can be easily attached to the plurality of walls 864 of the power generation industrial building 470.

The flexible triangular prism array 970 may cover the entire wall or roof, or it may cover portions of the plurality of walls. In particular, the plurality of walls facing away from the sun need not cover the plurality of flexible triangular prism arrays. Alternatively, it may be desirable to keep the plurality of walls away from the plurality of flexible triangular prism arrays near the floor 851, thereby preventing the plurality of arrays from being weakened or damage to the arrays caused by activity near the building.

It should be noted that while the examples seen herein are presented with respect to an industrial building, a plurality of residential buildings may also be equipped with a plurality of flexible triangular prism arrays.

Referring now to fig. 4B, a power generation modular industrial building having a plurality of prefabricated solar structural elements is schematically depicted in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

According to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, and in order to overcome the difficulties described in converting an industrial building into multiple power generation buildings, multiple prefabricated structural elements are produced that combine structural cells and solar cells into one integrated unit.

The dimensions, strength, thermal insulation and other parameters of the plurality of prefabricated solar elements 462 and 463 may be similar or identical to a plurality of prefabricated panels 862 available commercially, the walls 864 and/or roof 861 of the industrial building 860 being constructed from the plurality of prefabricated panels 862, and a plurality of electrical connectors or wires for connection to an electricity generating controller unit being added. Thus, it is easy to replace one prefabricated panel 862 with the plurality of corresponding solar elements 462.

Alternatively, the modular industrial building 460 may be built from the beginning using a plurality of solar roof elements 463 and/or a plurality of solar wall elements 462. The plurality of roof elements 463 and/or the plurality of solar wall elements 462 may be combined with conventional prefabricated panels 862 and non-solar roof units or with conventional construction techniques such as carpentry, brickwork, concrete, a combination thereof, and the like. Similarly, a plurality of solar roof elements 463 and/or a plurality of solar wall elements 462 may be integrated within homes, offices, and high-rise buildings.

A number of power generation controller units in the art may be used and will not be further discussed in this document.

Fig. 5A-5B schematically illustrate prefabricated solar elements 500a and 500B, respectively, according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The prefabricated solar elements 500a and 500b differ in the inclination of the plurality of solar cells in order to optimize the efficiency as described above. Prefabricated solar elements 500a and 500b may be used as a plurality of roof solar elements and/or a plurality of wall solar elements.

Referring now to fig. 5A, a photo view of a prefabricated solar structural element 500a having a plurality of oblique solar strips according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

The prefabricated solar structural element 500a comprises a structural panel 510, said structural panel 510 comprising an inner panel 511 and an outer panel 513 and an insulating layer 512 sandwiched therebetween. On the outer plate 513, there are a plurality of solar cell carriers 521a to which a plurality of solar cell strips 520 are attached. The plurality of carriers 521a are preferably made of a lightweight, thermally conductive material, such as aluminum. However, other metals (e.g., copper or iron sheets) or plastics, a combination thereof, and the like may be used. The optional cavity 522a between the carrier 521a and the outer plate 513 enables cooling air circulation to reduce overheating of the plurality of solar strips 520. The plurality of angles 550a of the plurality of carriers 521a and the outer plate 513 may be selected for energy generation optimization, as disclosed above. In this non-limiting example, the plurality of carriers 521a are at about 45 degrees relative to the plurality of angles 550a of the outer plate 513.

Alternatively, the outer plate may be formed as a zigzag plate and the plurality of solar bars 520 may be directly attached thereto. A cable or electrical connector 501a and an optional cable or electrical connector 501b are used to connect the plurality of solar strips 520 of the prefabricated solar element 500a to an adjacent plurality of prefabricated solar elements or to a power generation controller unit.

Referring now to fig. 5B, a photo view of a prefabricated solar structural element 500B having a plurality of shallow slanted solar bars is schematically illustrated according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The prefabricated solar element 500b differs from the prefabricated solar element 500a in that the plurality of angles 550b between the plurality of carriers 521b and the outer plate 513 are shallower. Thus, the cavity 522b between the carrier 521b and the outer plate 513 is narrower.

In this non-limiting example, the plurality of carriers 521b are about 25 degrees relative to the plurality of angles 550b of the outer plate 513.

Also seen in this figure is the optional structural interface 530, which allows for the connection of the prefabricated solar element 500b to the building frame or adjacent prefabricated element. Similar optional structural interfaces that allow for connecting the prefabricated solar element 500b to the building frame or adjacent prefabricated elements are not seen in these figures.

Fig. 6A-6C schematically illustrate prefabricated translucent solar elements according to some example embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Referring now to fig. 6A, a photo view of a prefabricated translucent solar element 500a having a plurality of solar strips according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

The prefabricated translucent solar element 600a differs from the prefabricated solar elements 500a/b in that the transparent plate 560 replaces the structural plate 510, the structural plate 510 comprising an inner plate 511 and an outer plate 513 with a thermal insulation layer 512 sandwiched therebetween. Alternatively, transparent panel 560 may be a double glazing structure to provide better insulation for a variety of extreme weather conditions. The prefabricated translucent solar element 600a may be used as a plurality of windows, skylights, a combination thereof, and the like.

Referring now to fig. 6B, a photo view of a prefabricated translucent solar element 600B having a plurality of solar strips installed in a wall as a window according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

The prefabricated translucent solar element 600b is considered herein to be installed as a window in the wall 864. Alternatively, the translucent solar element 600b may be rotated about a pivot or hinge 602 in the window frame 603 from the closed state visible to an open state. Other pluralities of window frames and hinges may be used.

Referring now to fig. 6C, a solar 3D structure that may be used in greenhouses or skylights is depicted in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The 3D solar structure 650 comprises a transparent sheet of transparent material, in this case polycarbonate. For example, the polycarbonate is transparent, so the structure can be used in a plurality of greenhouses and the like. The structure 650 is made of a saw tooth profile in which there are a plurality of continuous surfaces, one pointing to one side and the other to the other side. The surfaces pointing to one side may be covered by a plurality of adhered solar cells 654 and the other surface 652 facing in the opposite direction remains intact and transparent. As such, half of the surface of the roof, skylight or window is generating electricity, while the other half is transparent, allowing the light beam to pass through the roof.

It should be mentioned that it is possible to determine how many of the surfaces to cover and how many surfaces to reserve according to the various requirements of the system.

As previously mentioned, the transparent sheet may be made in a variety of colors so that if it is actually used in a greenhouse, the light entering the greenhouse and reaching the plurality of crops may be partially or fully colored to prevent the plurality of crops from growing better in those situations.

It should be mentioned that the saw tooth profile shown here is only an example and that other various three-dimensional surfaces, such as a plurality of pyramids, may be realized.

It should be mentioned that the saw-tooth profile may be different in a plurality of different areas of the sheet forming the structure, such that in a single sheet, a plurality of angles of the saw-tooth profile may be presented.

It should be appreciated that multiple solar cells of different colors may be adhered to the multiple surfaces or portions of the multiple surfaces, and that multiple colored or tinted translucent materials may be used.

For example, in the depicted embodiment, the 3D solar structure 650 is molded, forged, or vacuum formed as a single piece of transparent plastic to which the plurality of solar strips 654 are attached.

Referring now to fig. 6D, a photo view of a mold 690 for molding the 3D solar structure 650 according to some exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically shown.

The transparent 3D solar structure 650 seen in fig. 6C may be formed in a mold 690.

As noted throughout this document, the plurality of tilt angles of the plurality of solar cells may be employed in accordance with the plurality of local conditions. For example, in northern europe, the sun in noon is only 55 to 60 degrees from the horizon, and an angle of 50 to 60 degrees for attaching the plurality of solar cells may be suitable for these sites.

For example, in mid-europe, the sun reaches only 65 to 70 degrees above the horizon, and it may be appropriate to attach the plurality of solar cells at an angle of 35 to 45 degrees.

For example, in israel, the sun at noon is 80 degrees from the horizon, and it may be suitable to attach the plurality of solar cells at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees.

For example, in china, it may be suitable for the sun noon to be at 95 degrees to the horizon and for the lower surface of the structure to which the plurality of solar cells are attached to be at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees.

For example, in new york, the sun at noon is 72 degrees from the horizon, and an angle of 35 to 45 degrees of the lower surface of the structure to which the plurality of solar cells are attached may be suitable.

Referring to fig. 7A (i) to 7A (ii), different types of solar fences provided with a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter are schematically illustrated.

The solar rail 770 is vertically placed on the ground, for example using a plurality of frame structures 871, and is provided with a plurality of tops and surfaces 772 that increase the surface area facing the sunlight. This compensates for the inefficiency of the vertical positioning as compared to positioning multiple solar cells towards the light source (in this case the sun). The enclosure may be transparent, translucent, opaque, or a combination of transparent, translucent, and/or opaque portions.

The plurality of solar fences may be installed in a plurality of agricultural areas, a plurality of isolation fences in a road, a wall, a plurality of soundproof walls, electric public transportation, a plurality of electric vehicle charging points vicinity, and the like.

It should be noted that the plurality of solar cells are embedded within a rail, or adhered to one side of the rail. Two-sided or one-sided fences can be used. The two-sided rail fully utilizes sunlight in any direction. Optionally, the plurality of top surfaces of the plurality of solar fences are provided with a plurality of solar cells (not shown in these figures).

The plurality of materials from which the plurality of pens are made may be polycarbonate, PVC, acrylic, glass, a combination thereof, and the like. These vertical structures provide more exposed surface in a relatively small area on the floor.

It should be noted that the production of the plurality of solar cells may be performed on a plurality of corrugated and differently oriented surfaces.

Another advantage of the plurality of structured solar pens is that the plurality of structured solar pens reduce or lack light reflection from people using the roadway due to the structured surface of the solar pens. An additional advantage of the structured surface of the solar rail seen herein is its multiple sound absorbing properties. Unlike a flat surface that primarily reflects sound, the structured surface disperses and absorbs multiple sound waves.

The different types of multiple surfaces have multiple tops and multiple sides oriented in multiple directions, and the multiple solar cells may be disposed on some of the multiple sides while utilizing light transmission within the structure. The structure may be a block or a housing in which the plurality of solar cells are adhered or embedded.

The plurality of solar fences can be designed in different three-dimensional geometries and be constructed from two transparent or translucent plastic or glass sheets with a plurality of bifacial solar cells therebetween, such as seen in fig. 3B (i) and/or 3B (ii) or any other 3D design disclosed herein.

The multiple geometries increase the effective area of the multiple solar cells to three times the solar rail surface area, so the rail has higher light utilization than a standard panel because it has more solar cell space and can operate on both sides.

The enclosure is able to receive more sunlight than a conventional panel because it is exposed to sunlight throughout the day: when the sun is on the east, when the sun is on the south, and when the sun is on the west. The rail provides a good solution for a plurality of places where the common panel is not easy to place, such as roadsides, rail sides, electric vehicle charging stations, farmlands, etc., and any place where there is insufficient space to place the common panel.

Referring to fig. 8A, a corrugated roofing material according to the prior art is schematically shown.

Corrugated clear and colored roofing materials 891 and 892 are known in the art as roofing materials having other contours.

Referring to fig. 8B, a plurality of solar cells 894 attached to a plurality of corrugated solar roofing materials 893 is schematically illustrated according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

The present invention utilizes corrugated, wavy, convex, or other surfaces of roofs used as logistics warehouses, greenhouses, public transportation columns, etc. to act as solar concentrators rather than a solar energy system placed on the roof that is relatively expensive and requires a large amount of installation facilities.

It can be seen that the corrugated structure is provided with a plurality of differently angled surfaces. This may be used to be placed on top of the structure itself, or embedded within the structure, so that the plurality of solar cells are oriented in multiple directions, some of which are very efficient and some of which are less efficient, but still operate at any given time of day.

In a plurality of existing light roofs using prior art corrugated roofing materials 891 or 892, a plurality of corrugated solar roofing materials 893 may be substituted for the existing corrugated roofing materials, thereby retrofitting the roof with a plurality of energy generating units. Alternatively, a plurality of corrugated solar roofing materials 893 may be used from the beginning without changing the design.

The plurality of solar cells may be adhered to a surface of the corrugated structure on the outer side. The plurality of solar cells may be adhered to a surface of a transparent structure, as seen herein. If the structure is transparent, the plurality of cells may adhere to a surface beneath the structure. It can be seen that the plurality of cells are oriented in the plurality of directions of the corrugated structure such that there are always a plurality of solar cells pointing towards the sun as it travels from side to side. The plurality of solar cells 894 may cover the entire surface of the corrugated material 893, or only a portion thereof, making the structure translucent.

Referring to fig. 8C, a plurality of corrugated roofing materials 895 having multiple facets of different directions is schematically illustrated according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.

A plurality of roofing materials 895 having a plurality of facets of different directions is another example of a structure that may be used to adhere or embed the plurality of solar cells in different directions for efficient use of light throughout the day.

Referring to fig. 9, a 3D solar panel attached to a vehicle according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

In the non-limiting example depicted, a 3D solar panel 98 is attached to the roof 99 of a bus 97. It should be noted that any electric or hybrid vehicle, automobile or track may be used, and that the 3D solar panel 98 may be of the type disclosed herein.

Referring to fig. 10A, damage to the plurality of solar cells when the plurality of solar cells are bonded to a support structure or when the plurality of cells become hot, according to the prior art, is schematically illustrated.

Because the plurality of solar cells 1001 are thin and fragile, they often develop multiple cracks 1002 during the process of bonding them to a support structure and/or during the process of applying a laminate layer to protect the plurality of solar cells, as required in the various exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

Furthermore, such cracks 1002 are caused by differences in thermal expansion between the solar cell and the plastic carrier structure on which the solar cell is applied, or the plastic laminate for protecting the plurality of solar cells from the environment. To this end, various embodiments of the present subject matter use metal backings of the plurality of solar cells.

Referring to fig. 10B, a mold for bonding a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

Vacuum forming is commonly used for multiple laminated solar cells, or attaching them to multiple support structures thereof. However, it was found that when a vacuum was applied, the laminate layer did not adhere to all facets of the plurality of 3D structures used in the various embodiments of the present subject matter. Furthermore, the concentrated stresses caused by the processes of the prior art often lead to cracking of the plurality of solar cells, resulting in reduced efficiency or dysfunction. A soft silicon or foam mold shaped to fit the 3D surface structure can be used to solve this problem.

In the depicted embodiment, two such complementary molds 1010a and 1010b are each adapted to the respective sides of the 3D structure, e.g., 893, 910, 9530, 940, and 950, for exerting gentle forces on the plurality of solar cells and the plurality of surfaces of the plurality of support structures. Two such moulds are preferred when the support structure is flexible. When the support structure is rigid, one mould is sufficient.

Referring to fig. 10C, a 3D mold for bonding a plurality of solar cells according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

The mold 1011 depicted is used with 3D structures such as structures 900, 895, and the like.

Referring to fig. 10D, a 3D mold and a 3D rigid support structure according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter are schematically illustrated.

When processing a rigid support structure such as transparent 3D structure 952' a or 1020, only a single mold 1021 may be applied to the sides where the plurality of solar cells are to be bonded.

Referring to fig. 10E, a soft pressure application device according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter is schematically illustrated.

When a plurality of solar cells are adhered to a rigid carrier such as 521a, 521b, 521c or 652, the pressure applying device 1031b may be used and applied only to the sides to which the plurality of solar cells are to be adhered.

While the subject matter has been described in conjunction with a number of specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated solar structural element, characterized in that: the prefabricated solar structural element comprises: a building construction element ready for integration into a building;

a plurality of solar cell carriers; and

A plurality of solar cells attached to the plurality of solar cell carriers,

wherein the plurality of solar cells generate electricity in response to light,

wherein the prefabricated solar structural element is prefabricated by integrating the structural element, the plurality of solar cell carriers and the plurality of solar cells prior to integrating the prefabricated solar structural element into the building.

2. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the building is a modular industrial building.

3. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 2, wherein: the modular industrial building is a warehouse.

4. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 2, wherein: the modular industrial building is a residence.

5. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the building construction element comprises:

an inner plate;

an outer plate; and

A heat insulating layer sandwiched between the inner plate and the outer plate,

and wherein the plurality of solar cell carriers are attached to the outer plate.

6. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the building construction element comprises:

an inner plate;

an outer plate; and

A heat insulating layer sandwiched between the inner plate and the outer plate,

and wherein the plurality of solar cell carriers are part of the outer sheet.

7. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the building construction element comprises a transparent panel.

8. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the building construction element is a transparent panel allowing a portion of the light to pass through the prefabricated solar construction element.

9. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: at least a portion of the transparent plate is zigzag shaped such that:

all of the zigzagged parts being at a first angle with respect to the plate, and

all of the turning portions are at a second angle relative to the plate,

and wherein the plurality of zigzagged parts are the plurality of solar cell carriers.

10. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 7, wherein: the transparent plate is double glazing to provide thermal insulation.

11. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 7, wherein: the transparent plate is colored.

12. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 7, wherein: the prefabricated solar structural element is used as a window.

13. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 7, wherein: the prefabricated solar energy structural element is used as part of a roof.

14. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 13, wherein: the roof is a roof of a greenhouse.

15. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of solar cell carriers are made of metal.

16. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of solar cell carriers are tilted at an oblique angle with respect to the prefabricated solar structural element.

17. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 16, wherein: the tilt angle is selected in accordance with the latitude of the building.

18. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 16, wherein: the tilt angle is selected according to one of:

in northern europe, the sun is only 55 to 60 degrees from the horizon, the tilt angle is between 50 and 60 degrees;

in central europe, the sun is only 65 to 70 degrees from the horizon, the tilt angle is between 35 and 45 degrees;

the tilt angle is between 20 and 30 degrees when the sun at noon is 80 degrees from the horizon in israel;

in china, the tilt angle is between 20 and 30 degrees when the sun at noon is 95 degrees from the horizon; and

In new york, the tilt angle is between 35 and 45 when the sun is 72 degrees from the horizon.

19. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 6, wherein: the prefabricated solar structural element is used as part of a wall.

20. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 6, wherein: the prefabricated solar energy structural element is used as part of a roof.

21. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 6, wherein: the prefabricated solar energy structural element is used as part of a fence.

22. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 21, wherein: the enclosure is a sound-insulating enclosure.

23. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 22, wherein: the three-dimensional structure of the sound-dampening rail face has a plurality of sound-absorbing properties that are better than a planar sound-dampening rail.

24. The prefabricated solar structural element according to claim 1, wherein: the weight of the prefabricated solar structural element is less than 50% of the weight of an equally sized solar structure.

25. A bifacial solar cell, characterized in that: the bifacial solar unit comprises:

at least a first transparent plate, the first transparent plate being three-dimensional in structure having a first face including a plurality of facets oriented at a plurality of angles relative to the first transparent plate; and

A plurality of solar cells attached to at least some of the plurality of facets, and wherein the plurality of solar cells generate electricity in response to light falling on either side of the bifacial solar unit.

26. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 24, wherein: the plurality of solar cells are a plurality of thin film solar cells.

27. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 24, wherein: the plurality of solar cells is a plurality of bifacial solar cells intended to generate electricity in response to light received on either side of the plurality of bifacial solar cells.

28. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 24, wherein: the plurality of solar cells is a plurality of single-sided solar cells intended to generate electricity in response to light received on the active faces of the plurality of single-sided solar cells, wherein the plurality of active faces of the plurality of single-sided solar cells face the sun facing side of the first transparent plate, and wherein at least a portion of the light reaching the sun facing side opposite side of the first transparent plate is reflected or refracted to fall on the plurality of active faces of the plurality of single-sided solar cells.

29. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 24, wherein: the bifacial solar cell further comprises a second transparent sheet being three-dimensionally structured and having a first face comprising a plurality of facets, wherein said plurality of facets are oriented at a plurality of angles with respect to said second transparent sheet, wherein said three-dimensional structure of said first face of said second sheet matches said three-dimensional structure of said first face of said second sheet,

And wherein the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate are bonded together such that the plurality of solar cells are sandwiched between the two transparent plates.

30. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 28, wherein: the bifacial solar unit is used to generate solar energy when placed vertically.

31. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 28, wherein: at least one of the first transparent panel or the second transparent panel is a thick explosion-proof panel.

32. The bifacial solar unit according to claim 30, wherein: the explosion-proof panel is made of polycarbonate material.