CN117712406A - Battery heat radiation structure and fuel cell - Google Patents
Battery heat radiation structure and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117712406A CN117712406A CN202311706638.2A CN202311706638A CN117712406A CN 117712406 A CN117712406 A CN 117712406A CN 202311706638 A CN202311706638 A CN 202311706638A CN 117712406 A CN117712406 A CN 117712406A
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- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- electric pile
- cooling component
- battery heat
- heat dissipation
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells and discloses a battery heat dissipation structure and a fuel cell, wherein the battery heat dissipation structure comprises a plurality of bipolar plates and a plurality of membrane electrodes, the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes and the plate sides of two bipolar plates positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the membrane electrodes are combined to form single cells, and a cooling assembly is arranged between every two adjacent single cells; the width of the cooling component is not smaller than that of the single cell, and both sides of the cooling component in the width direction are provided with side wing parts positioned outside the single cell, and the side wing parts are provided with cooling flow channels; the cooling component is arranged between the two single cells to separate the two single cells, and the cooling component does not participate in electrochemical reaction, so that the cooling component is not a heat source for generating heat, and can disperse the heat generated in the power generation process of the single cells, thereby achieving the effect of heat dissipation; the flank portion of the cooling component can increase the heat radiating area and effect of the cooling component, inhibit the temperature of the electric pile, so that the upper limit of the output power of the electric pile is improved, and the volume power density of the electric pile is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular, to a heat dissipation structure for a fuel cell and a fuel cell.
Background
The development of human society requires sufficient energy to provide power, however, the extensive energy structure taking fossil fuel such as direct combustion of coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like as a main use mode causes a large amount of greenhouse gas emission, and simultaneously, a large amount of toxic and harmful substances such as smoke, dust, nitrogen oxide gas and the like generated by combustion also cause extremely serious environmental pollution problems. In order to realize sustainable development of human society, the transformation from non-renewable energy sources to green energy sources such as wind energy, water energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy and the like becomes a high consensus among countries around the world.
The hydrogen energy is a recognized clean energy, and can be flexibly and conveniently used green hydrogen by converting wind energy, solar energy and water energy into storability, so that the conversion from the traditional fossil energy into the green clean energy is promoted. The hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device which takes hydrogen as fuel and directly converts chemical energy in the fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and is also a key node in the field of hydrogen energy, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is paid attention to because of the characteristics of quick start, high energy conversion rate, strong environmental adaptability, high power density, relatively low operating temperature and the like, but about half of energy is dissipated into heat energy in the working process of the fuel cell, so that the heat dissipation and cooling of a galvanic pile are very important.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells can be divided into two types in terms of cooling form, one type uses liquid as a coolant, and is called liquid cooling for short; the other type uses air as a coolant, which is simply called air cooling. The liquid cooling has high heat dissipation efficiency, small volume of the electric pile, complex structure, high design and manufacturing difficulty and high cost; the air cooling structure is simple and low in cost, but the heat dissipation efficiency is low, a large amount of air is needed to take away the heat generated by the fuel cell, and the through-diameter section area of the air cooling electric pile cathode plate runner is often much larger than that of water cooling in order to meet the heat dissipation requirement, so that the volume of the air cooling cathode plate is larger, the volume power density of the air cooling electric pile is lower, and the space utilization rate is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a battery radiating structure and a fuel battery, which comprise a plurality of bipolar plates and a plurality of membrane electrodes, wherein the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes are combined with plate sides of two bipolar plates positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the membrane electrodes to form single cells, and a cooling assembly is arranged between the single cells;
the width of the cooling component is not smaller than that of the single cell, side wing parts positioned outside the single cell are arranged on two sides of the width direction of the cooling component, and cooling flow channels are arranged on the side wing parts.
Preferably, the number ratio between the cooling assembly and the single cells is 1:5 to 1:50.
preferably, the first side of the bipolar plate is provided with an air flow channel, and the second side of the bipolar plate is provided with a hydrogen flow channel; the first side serves as a cathode of the single cell and the second side serves as an anode of the single cell.
Preferably, the second side is compressively sealed with the membrane electrode within the corresponding cell.
Preferably, a thermocouple is provided in the air flow passage to monitor the temperature of the output air.
Preferably, the two sides of the cooling component in the height direction are respectively connected with the two bipolar plates in a sealing way, and an isolating film is arranged between the cooling component and the bipolar plates.
Preferably, the ratio between the flank width and the bipolar plate width is less than 2:1.
Preferably, the bipolar plate is made of graphite, graphite composite material or surface-modified metal material.
Preferably, the cooling assembly is made of a metallic material.
The invention also provides a fuel cell, which comprises a galvanic pile, an energy control unit, a hydrogen tank and an air inlet device;
the stack includes a battery heat dissipation structure as described previously;
the energy control unit is electrically connected with the electric pile to control the electric energy output by the electric pile;
the hydrogen tank is connected with the electric pile and is used for introducing hydrogen to the anode of the single cell in the electric pile;
the air inlet device is connected with the electric pile and used for introducing air to the cathodes of the single cells in the electric pile.
Compared with the prior art, the battery heat dissipation structure and the fuel battery provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:
the cooling component is arranged between the two single cells to separate the two single cells, and the cooling component does not participate in electrochemical reaction, so that the cooling component is not a heat source for generating heat, but is a cold point link in the series single cell stack, and can absorb and disperse the heat generated in the single cell power generation process, thereby achieving the effects of radiating and reducing the temperature of the electric stack; further, the flank portion of the cooling component can increase the heat dissipation area of the cooling component, the heat dissipation and cooling effects of the cooling component are further improved, the temperature of the electric pile is restrained, and therefore the upper limit of the power which can be output by the electric pile is improved, and the volume power density of the electric pile is also improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery heat dissipation structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of a unit cell in the electric stack of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the fuel cell of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a bipolar plate; 11. a first side; 12. a second side; 13. an air flow passage; 14. a hydrogen flow passage; 2. a membrane electrode; 3. a single cell; 4. a cooling assembly; 41. a wing portion; 42. a cooling flow passage; 5. a galvanic pile; 6. an energy control unit; 7. a hydrogen tank; 8. air is introduced into the device.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a heat dissipation structure for a battery, which comprises a plurality of bipolar plates 1 and a plurality of membrane electrodes 2, wherein the bipolar plates 1 and the membrane electrodes 2 are alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes 2 and the plate sides of the two bipolar plates 1 positioned on the upper and lower sides of the membrane electrodes 2 are combined to form a single cell 3, and a cooling assembly 4 is arranged between the single cells 3;
the width of the cooling component 4 is not smaller than the width of the single cell 3, and both sides of the cooling component 4 in the width direction are provided with side wing parts 41 positioned outside the single cell 3, and the side wing parts 41 are provided with cooling flow channels 42.
Specifically, in the hydrogen fuel cell actually operated, the actual energy conversion efficiency is more in the range of 40% to 60%, about half of the energy is dissipated as heat, the proper operating temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is generally 60 ℃ to 90 ℃, if the heat dissipation of the cell is poor, the temperature rises above the proper operating temperature range, the activity of the catalyst is reduced, the electrochemical reaction rate is slowed down, the cell efficiency is reduced, in addition, the proton exchange membrane is dried at too high temperature, and particularly under the air-cooled heat dissipation structure, the water on the proton exchange membrane is taken away by high-flow air, so that the proton conductivity is reduced, the internal resistance of the cell is increased, and the dry film phenomenon is deteriorated due to heat generation. Even resulting in damage to the membrane electrode 2. According to the invention, the cooling component 4 is additionally arranged between two adjacent single cells 3, the cooling component 4 does not participate in electrochemical reaction, heat is not generated, the cooling component 4 does not serve as a heat source, meanwhile, the cooling component 4 separates the original continuous single cells 3, so that the bipolar plates 1 between the two adjacent single cells 3 added with the cooling component 4 are independent, the cooling component 4 can serve as a cold point in the electric pile 5 to absorb and timely disperse heat generated by the single cells 3 within a certain range in the electric pile 5, the heat in the single cells 3 is prevented from being overhigh, the temperature in the electric pile 5 can be restrained from rising due to the arrangement of the cooling components 4, the upper limit of the output power of the electric pile 5 is further improved, and the volume power density of the electric pile 5 is improved.
In some embodiments, the number ratio between the cooling assembly 4 and the single cells 3 is 1:5 to 1:50. if the number of the cooling components 4 is too small, the cooling effect is poor, the effect of effectively inhibiting the temperature rise of the electric pile 5 cannot be achieved, and if the number of the cooling components 4 is too large, the volume of the electric pile 5 is too large, and the volume power density of the electric pile 5 is reduced; in a preferred embodiment, the number ratio between the cooling module 4 and the single cells 3 is 1:20.
In some embodiments, the first side 11 of the bipolar plate 1 is provided with an air flow channel 13 and the second side 12 of the bipolar plate 1 is provided with a hydrogen flow channel 14; the first side 11 serves as the cathode of the cell 3 and the second side 12 serves as the anode of the cell 3. Specifically, the two sides of the bipolar plate 1 are respectively flowed with hydrogen and air, the cross-sectional area of the air flow channel 13 is larger, the air is used as both an anode and a cathode of different single cells 3 for carrying out the heat dissipation function, and when the cooling component 4 is inserted between the two single cells 3, the side of the bipolar plate 1 close to the cooling component 4 is still introduced with hydrogen and air, while the side is not used as the anode or the cathode for carrying out the electrochemical reaction. In fact, in other embodiments, the cooling component 4 may be a single cell 3 with an insulating film instead of a proton exchange film in the middle, where no catalyst exists on the insulating film, so that electrochemical reaction of hydrogen or air can be avoided, and meanwhile, mixing of air and hydrogen at two ends can be insulated to ensure safety, meanwhile, since no proton exchange film is provided, the single cell 3 cannot perform electrochemical reaction, and at this time, the whole single cell 3 can serve as a cold source to perform heat absorption and heat dissipation effects for adjacent single cells 3 capable of performing electrochemical reaction.
In some embodiments, the second side 12 is compressively sealed with the membrane electrode 2 within the corresponding cell 3. Specifically, the second side 12 is tightly pressed and sealed with the membrane electrode 2 in the corresponding single cell 3, so that leakage of hydrogen can be avoided, and the safety of the cell is ensured.
In some embodiments, a thermocouple is provided in the air flow path 13 to monitor the temperature of the output air. The thermocouple can monitor the heat of the discharged air, and then monitor the heat in the single cells 3 in the electric pile 5, so that the power of the electric pile 5 can be timely adjusted, and the damage to the single cells 3 in the electric pile 5 caused by the overhigh temperature in the electric pile 5 is avoided.
In some embodiments, the cooling component 4 is hermetically connected to the two bipolar plates 1 on both sides in the height direction, and an insulating film is provided between the cooling component 4 and the bipolar plates 1. It should be noted that, the cooling component 4 is also provided with a manifold port and is in sealing connection with the bipolar plate 1, and the cooling component 4 is provided with a hydrogen flow channel 14 and an air flow channel 13 at two sides of the sealing connection of the bipolar plate 1, so that an isolation film is required to be arranged between the cooling component 4 and the bipolar plate 1, the sealing connection between the cooling component 4 and the bipolar plate 1 is realized, the danger caused by mixing air and hydrogen is avoided, the cooling component 4 can be corroded due to the fact that no catalyst is arranged on the isolation film, the cooling component 4 can be prevented from being corroded by the electrochemical reaction of air or hydrogen, the cooling flow channels 42 on the cooling component 4 and the side wing parts 41 can be filled with large-flow air, the air does not participate in the electrochemical reaction, and the contact area between the air and the cooling component 4 is larger due to the existence of the side wing parts 41, and more heat can be taken away.
In some embodiments, the ratio between the width of the flank 41 and the width of the bipolar plate 1 is less than 2:1. Specifically, when the ratio is too small, the cooling effect of the cooling component 4 is poor, and when the ratio is too large, the integration of the electric pile 5 with the system and the working environment in space is hindered, that is, the too large ratio can cause the too large width of the electric pile 5, thereby affecting the volume of the electric pile 5 and the space utilization rate, and further reducing the volume power density of the electric pile 5; in some embodiments, the width of the flank 41 may be 0, where the width of the cooling component 4 is consistent with the width of the bipolar plate 1, and no flank 41 exists, where the cooling component 4 may be a plate material with a part participating in electrochemical reaction, or may be a single cell 3 with a middle part not participating in electrochemical reaction and only playing a role of air cooling and heat dissipation.
In some embodiments, the bipolar plate 1 is made of graphite, a graphite composite material, or a surface-modified metal material.
In some embodiments, the cooling assembly 4 is made of a metallic material. Specifically, since the cooling component 4 is hermetically connected to the adjacent bipolar plate 1 through the insulating film, and the cooling component 4 does not participate in the electrochemical reaction, the cooling component 4 can be made of a metal material with better heat conductivity to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling component 4, and the structures of the cooling flow channel 42 and the air flow channel 13 on the cooling component 4 can be designed according to the heat dissipation requirement as much as possible without considering the requirement of facilitating the contact reaction.
The invention also provides a fuel cell comprising a stack 5, an energy control unit 6, a hydrogen tank 7 and an air inlet means 8;
the stack 5 includes a battery heat dissipation structure as described previously; the electric pile 5 is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells 3, and cooling assemblies 4 with different numbers are arranged between the single cells 3 in an inserted mode to serve as heat dissipation structures.
The energy control unit 6 is electrically connected with the electric pile 5 to control the electric energy output by the electric pile 5; the energy control unit 6 regulates and controls the current and power output by the electric pile 5, and ensures the stable operation of the electric pile 5.
The hydrogen tank 7 is connected with the electric pile 5 for introducing hydrogen to the anode of the single cell 3 in the electric pile 5; the hydrogen tank 7 is a high-pressure storage tank, hydrogen in the high-pressure storage tank is decompressed and then supplied to the anode of each single cell 3 in the electric pile 5 through a manifold, namely, the second side 12 of each bipolar plate 1, and uniformly flows on the second side 12 through the hydrogen flow channel 14 on the second side 12, and then the hydrogen participates in electrochemical reaction through the catalyst on the membrane electrode 2.
An air inlet device 8 is connected to the stack 5 for introducing air to the cathodes of the cells 3 in the stack 5. That is, a large amount of opening is introduced into the first side 11 of the bipolar plate 1, and the air participates in chemical reaction through the catalyst on the membrane electrode 2, and also serves as a coolant to take away a large amount of heat in the single cells 3, so that the single cells 3 are cooled.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a battery heat dissipation structure and a fuel cell, which improve the heat dissipation effect of a cell stack 5 by arranging a cooling component 4 which does not participate in an electrochemical reaction between single cells 3, thereby improving the volume power density of the cell stack 5, and further increasing the contact area between the cooling component 4 and air by a flank portion 41 on the cooling component 4, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling component 4.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The battery heat dissipation structure is characterized by comprising a plurality of bipolar plates and a plurality of membrane electrodes, wherein the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes are combined with the plate sides of the two bipolar plates positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the membrane electrodes to form single cells, and a cooling assembly is arranged between the single cells;
the width of the cooling component is not smaller than that of the single cell, side wing parts positioned outside the single cell are arranged on two sides of the width direction of the cooling component, and cooling flow channels are arranged on the side wing parts.
2. The battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein a number ratio between the cooling assembly and the single cells is 1:5 to 1:50.
3. the battery heat dissipation structure as defined in claim 1, wherein a first side of the bipolar plate is provided with an air flow channel and a second side of the bipolar plate is provided with a hydrogen flow channel; the first side serves as a cathode of the single cell and the second side serves as an anode of the single cell.
4. A battery heat dissipating structure according to claim 3, wherein the second side is compression sealed with the membrane electrode within the corresponding cell.
5. A battery cooling structure according to claim 3, wherein a thermocouple is provided in the air flow passage to monitor the temperature of the output air.
6. The battery heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein both sides of the cooling assembly in the height direction are respectively connected with two bipolar plates in a sealing manner, and an insulating film is provided between the cooling assembly and the bipolar plates.
7. The battery heat spreading structure according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between the flank width and the bipolar plate width is less than 2:1.
8. The battery heat dissipating structure of claim 1, wherein said bipolar plate is made of graphite, a graphite composite material, or a surface-modified metallic material.
9. The battery heat dissipating structure of claim 1, wherein the cooling assembly is made of a metallic material.
10. A fuel cell comprising a galvanic pile, an energy control unit, a hydrogen tank and an air inlet device;
the stack comprising the battery heat dissipation structure as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8;
the energy control unit is electrically connected with the electric pile to control the electric energy output by the electric pile;
the hydrogen tank is connected with the electric pile and is used for introducing hydrogen to the anode of the single cell in the electric pile;
the air inlet device is connected with the electric pile and used for introducing air to the cathodes of the single cells in the electric pile.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311706638.2A CN117712406A (en) | 2023-12-12 | 2023-12-12 | Battery heat radiation structure and fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311706638.2A CN117712406A (en) | 2023-12-12 | 2023-12-12 | Battery heat radiation structure and fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117712406A true CN117712406A (en) | 2024-03-15 |
Family
ID=90163274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311706638.2A Pending CN117712406A (en) | 2023-12-12 | 2023-12-12 | Battery heat radiation structure and fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117712406A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-12-12 CN CN202311706638.2A patent/CN117712406A/en active Pending
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