CN117709287A - Dimension optimization design method for flexible bipolar plate of high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell - Google Patents
Dimension optimization design method for flexible bipolar plate of high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dimension optimization design method of a flexible bipolar plate of a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: s1, building a bipolar plate geometric model; s2, determining the size of the bipolar plate structure to be optimized; s3, establishing a total voltage loss calculation model consisting of bipolar plate voltage loss, gas distribution layer voltage loss and bipolar plate-interface voltage loss; s4, determining an optimal ridge width/runner width ratio, an optimal inclination angle of the flexible connector, an optimal thickness of the flexible connector and an optimal thickness of the middle partition plate by taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard; s5, calculating an effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cell, and determining a control equation of the flow channel height and the flow channel number through the effective reaction volume. The invention establishes a bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model, analyzes the influence rule of the key geometric dimension of the bipolar plate on the total voltage loss, and takes the geometric dimension of the bipolar plate with the minimum total voltage loss as the optimal choice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell structure optimization, in particular to a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell flexible bipolar plate size optimization design method.
Background
The solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC) cogeneration system is a new generation subverted power generation technology for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, can widely adopt various hydrocarbon fuels such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, natural gas, liquefied gas, coal gas, methanol, ethanol, gasoline, diesel oil and the like, is easily compatible with the existing energy resource supply system, and is a key way for realizing high-efficiency utilization of hydrogen energy and constructing a new energy safety system. The energy-saving system has excellent comprehensive performances such as small volume, cleanliness, high efficiency and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of residential, building and community distributed energy supply, including but not limited to small-sized domestic cogeneration systems, distributed power generation or data center standby power supplies and industrial large-sized fixed power stations.
The bipolar plate is used as a key core component of the SOFC, plays roles of providing a fuel gas reaction place, connecting a plurality of cells in series, supporting and the like, and is a key for efficient power generation and high-reliability stable operation of the cells; meanwhile, the volume of the bipolar plate in the whole power generation system is 60 percent, and the cost is 30 percent, so that the bipolar plate becomes one of the keys for controlling the production cost in the commercialized application process. However, the design and optimization of the existing bipolar plate structure mostly adopts a finite element simulation method, and the problem of low net output power of the fuel cell caused by voltage loss of the bipolar plate is solved by analyzing the influence of the geometric structure size on the uniformity and flow characteristics of gas in a flow channel and the temperature field and stress field. Based on the method, a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell flexible bipolar plate size optimization design method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell flexible bipolar plate dimension optimization design method, a bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model is established, the influence rule of the key geometric dimension of the bipolar plate on the total voltage loss is analyzed, and the geometric dimension of the bipolar plate with the minimum total voltage loss is obtained as the optimal selection, so that the influence of the voltage loss of the bipolar plate on the net output power of the fuel cell is effectively reduced.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a dimension optimization design method for a flexible bipolar plate of a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell comprises the following steps:
s1, a bipolar plate three-dimensional model is built, the bipolar plate three-dimensional model comprises an anode flexible connector and a cathode flexible connector, an intermediate baffle is arranged between the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector, and anode flow channels and cathode flow channels are respectively arranged on the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector;
s2, determining dimension parameters of the bipolar plate to be optimized, including the channel width, the channel height, the channel number and the ridge width of the anode and the cathode channels, the inclination angle and the thickness of the anode and the cathode flexible connectors and the thickness of the middle partition plate;
s3, establishing a total voltage loss calculation model consisting of a bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model, a gas distribution layer voltage loss calculation model and a bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model based on the voltage distribution relation of a bipolar plate current collector, a gas distribution layer, a bipolar plate-gas interface and an intermediate separator;
s4, based on the total voltage loss calculation model established in the step S3, determining an optimal ridge width/runner width ratio, an optimal inclination angle of the flexible connector, an optimal thickness of the flexible connector and an optimal thickness of the middle partition plate by taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard;
s5, calculating an effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cell, and determining a control equation of the flow channel height and the flow channel number through the effective reaction volume.
Further, the total voltage loss calculation model in the step S3The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,for the voltage loss of the bipolar plate,for the purpose of voltage loss of the gas distribution layer,is bipolar plate-gas interface voltage loss.
Further, the bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model in the step S3 is as follows:
wherein,for the bipolar plate channel height,for the thickness of the flexible connection body,is the thickness of the middle partition plate,for the width of the ridge,is the width of the flow channel,is the inclination angle of the flexible connecting body,for bipolar plate resistivity along the xy plane,is a rimThe resistivity of the bipolar plate in the direction,is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
Further, in the step S3, the gas distribution layer voltage loss calculation model is as follows:
wherein,is the height of the gas distribution layer,for the width of the ridge,is the width of the flow channel,for gas distribution layer resistivity along the xy-plane,is a rimThe resistivity of the directional gas distribution layer,is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
Further, the bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model in the step S3 is as follows:
wherein,is the total resistance at the bipolar plate-gas interface,for the width of the ridge,is the width of the flow channel,is gas distributionCurrent density of the layer.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes:
s41, drawing ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different values of inclination angles of the flexible connectors, ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different values of thicknesses of the flexible connectors and ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different thicknesses of the middle partition boards according to a total voltage loss calculation model;
s42, taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard, and selecting the inclination angle of the flexible connector, the thickness of the flexible connector and the thickness of the middle partition plate, which correspond to the curve with the minimum total voltage loss, from the ridge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curve obtained in the step S41 as the optimal value;
s43, drawing a ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curve under the optimal value based on the optimal value of the inclination angle of the flexible connector, the thickness of the flexible connector and the thickness of the middle partition plate obtained in the step S42, and taking the ridge width/flow channel width ratio corresponding to the minimum total voltage loss as the optimal ridge width/flow channel width ratio.
Further, the step S5 specifically includes:
s51, calculating the effective reaction volume according to a volume theoretical calculation formulaThe formula is:
s52, calculating the effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cellThe formula is:
s53, combining the steps S51 and S52 to obtain:
wherein,，taking 1.5 to 2.0 of the total weight of the mixture,in order for the power to be available,for the actual power to be available,in order to be effective in terms of the efficiency of the reaction,in order for the effective reaction area to be available,for the number of flow channels,is the length of the flow channel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a flexible bipolar plate dimension optimization design method of a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell, which is characterized in that a total voltage loss calculation model consisting of a bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model, a gas distribution layer voltage loss calculation model and a bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model is established based on the voltage distribution relation of a bipolar plate current collecting layer, a gas distribution layer, a bipolar plate-gas interface and an intermediate baffle plate, and an optimal ridge width/runner width ratio, an optimal inclination angle of a flexible connector, an optimal thickness of the flexible connector and an optimal thickness of the intermediate baffle plate are determined by taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard, so that the energy consumption of the bipolar plate voltage loss after optimization is reduced by 15-25%, the influence of the bipolar plate voltage loss on the net output power of the fuel cell is effectively reduced, and the net output power of the fuel cell is improved; in addition, the solid oxide fuel cell adopts the flexible bipolar plate, and compared with the inflexible bipolar plate, the flexible bipolar plate with optimized size can reduce the overall weight of the bipolar plate by more than 40%.
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In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a flexible connector;
FIG. 4 is a graph of ridge width/runner width versus total voltage loss response for various flex connector tilt angle values;
FIG. 5 is a graph of ridge width/runner width versus total voltage loss response for various flex connector thickness values;
FIG. 6 is a graph of ridge width/channel width versus total voltage loss response for different mid-spacer thicknesses;
FIG. 7 is a graph of ridge width/channel width versus total voltage loss response for optimal flex connector tilt angle, flex connector thickness, and mid-spacer thickness values.
The drawing is marked:
1. an anode flexible connection body; 2. a cathode flexible connection body; 3. a middle partition plate; 4. an anode flow channel; 5. a cathode flow channel.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a dimension optimization design method of a flexible bipolar plate of a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell, which is used for making the purposes, technical schemes and effects of the invention clearer and more definite, and is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for optimally designing the size of a flexible bipolar plate of a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a bipolar plate three-dimensional model is built, the bipolar plate three-dimensional model comprises an anode flexible connector 1 and a cathode flexible connector 2, an intermediate baffle plate 3 is arranged between the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector, and an anode runner 4 and a cathode runner 5 are respectively arranged on the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
S2, determining the size of the bipolar plate structure to be optimized, wherein the size comprises the runner width, the runner height, the runner number and the ridge width of the anode runner and the cathode runner, the inclination angle and the thickness of the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector, and the thickness of the middle partition plate.
And S3, establishing a total voltage loss calculation model consisting of a bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model, a gas distribution layer voltage loss calculation model and a bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model based on the bipolar plate current collector, the gas distribution layer, the bipolar plate-gas interface and the voltage distribution relation of the middle partition plate.
Specifically, the total voltage loss calculation model is:
（1）
wherein,the total voltage loss for a simplified control region containing a bipolar plate comprises three parts:for the voltage loss of the bipolar plate,for the purpose of voltage loss of the gas distribution layer,for bipolar plate-gas interface voltageLoss.
The bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model is:
（2）
wherein,for the bipolar plate channel height,for the thickness of the flexible connection body,is the thickness of the middle partition plate,for the width of the ridge,is the width of the flow channel,is the inclination angle of the flexible connecting body,for bipolar plate resistivity along the xy plane,is a rimThe resistivity of the bipolar plate in the direction,is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
The gas distribution layer voltage loss calculation model is:
（3）
wherein,for the height of the gas distribution layer, typically 0.2mm,for the width of the ridge,is the width of the flow channel,for gas distribution layer resistivity along the xy-plane,is a rimThe resistivity of the directional gas distribution layer,is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
The bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model is:
（4）
wherein,is the total resistance at the bipolar plate-gas interface,for the width of the ridge,is the width of the flow channel,is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
S4, based on a total voltage loss calculation model, determining an optimal ridge width/runner width ratio, an optimal inclination angle of the flexible connector, an optimal thickness of the flexible connector and an optimal thickness of the middle partition plate by taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, drawing ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different values of inclination angles of the flexible connectors, ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different values of thicknesses of the flexible connectors and ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different thicknesses of the middle partition boards according to a total voltage loss calculation model;
s42, taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard, and selecting the inclination angle of the flexible connector, the thickness of the flexible connector and the thickness of the middle partition plate, which correspond to the curve with the minimum total voltage loss, from the ridge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curve obtained in the step S41 as the optimal value;
and S43, drawing a ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curve under the optimal value based on the inclination angle of the flexible connector, the thickness of the flexible connector and the thickness of the middle partition plate obtained in the step S42, and taking the ridge width/flow channel width ratio corresponding to the minimum total voltage loss as the optimal ridge width/flow channel width ratio.
S5, calculating an effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cell, and determining the height of the flow channels and the number of the flow channels through the effective reaction volume.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s51, calculating the effective reaction volume according to a volume theoretical calculation formulaThe formula is:
（5）
s52, calculating the effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cellThe formula is:
（6）
s53, combining the steps S51 and S52 to obtain:
（7）
wherein,，taking 1.5 to 2.0 of the total weight of the mixture,in order for the power to be available,for the actual power to be available,in order to be effective in terms of the efficiency of the reaction,is the effective reaction area of a single flow channel,for the number of flow channels,is the length of the flow channel.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, taking a solid oxide fuel cell bipolar plate of a new energy company as an example, the measurement of the related resistivity, current density and resistance is:=5e -3 Ωcm，=24e -3 Ωcm，=5.77e -3 Ωcm，=15.4e -3 Ωcm，=1A/cm 2 ，=0.01Ωcm 2 。
when the bipolar plate size is optimized, the total voltage loss calculation model in the above step S3 is used to determine the optimum ridge width/runner width ratio, the optimum inclination angle of the flexible connection body, the optimum thickness of the flexible connection body, and the optimum thickness of the intermediate separator.
Specifically, according to the total voltage loss calculation model, the ridge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curves under different inclination angle values of the flexible connector are drawn so as to determine the optimal inclination angle of the flexible connector. In determining the optimal inclination angle of the flexible connection body, the thickness of the flexible connection body is setThickness of intermediate partition plate =0.1 mmFlow channel height =1.0mmHeight of gas distribution layer =1.0mmDrawing the inclination angle of the flexible connector =0.2mmRidge width/channel width-total voltage loss response curves at 0 °, 30 °, 45 °, and 60 °, respectively, are taken as shown in fig. 4. From fig. 4, it can be derived that: when the inclination angle of the flexible connection body is 0 deg., the total voltage loss is minimized. But the influence of the inclination angle on the total voltage loss is not great, the influence of the inclination angle on the voltage loss can be ignored, the processing cost of actual industrial production and the complexity of the manufacturing process of the inclination angle in the processing are considered,in the design, the inclination angle is recommended to be 10-15 degrees, and if the inclination angle is overlarge, the flow passage volume is reduced.
Specifically, according to the total voltage loss calculation model, ridge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curves under different flexible connector thickness values are drawn to determine the optimal thickness of the flexible connector. Setting the inclination angle of the flexible connector when determining the optimal thickness of the flexible connectorThickness of intermediate partition plate =10°Flow channel height =1.0mmHeight of gas distribution layer =1 mmThickness of flexible connector is plotted =0.2mmRidge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curves at 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm were taken as shown in fig. 5. From fig. 5, it can be derived that: when the thickness of the flexible connection body is 0.1mm, the total voltage loss is minimized.
Specifically, the ridge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curves at different intermediate baffle thickness values are plotted according to the total voltage loss calculation model to determine the optimal thickness of the intermediate baffle. Setting the inclination angle of the flexible connector when determining the optimal thickness of the middle partition plateThickness of flexible connector =10°Flow channel height =0.1 mmHeight of gas distribution layer =1 mmThickness of middle separator is plotted =0.2 mmRidge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curves at 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and 2.5mm were taken as shown in fig. 6. From fig. 6, it can be derived that: when the thickness of the intermediate plate is 0.5mm, the total voltage loss is minimized. However, in consideration of actual processing conditions, the thickness of the intermediate baffle should not be smaller than the set value of the flow channel height, at this time, if the determined optimal thickness of the intermediate baffle is smaller than the flow channel height, the thickness of the intermediate baffle is taken as the flow channel height value, and if the determined optimal thickness of the intermediate baffle is greater than or equal to the flow channel height, the thickness of the intermediate baffle is taken as the optimal value.
In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the flexible connector is set when determining the optimum ridge width/flow channel widthThickness of flexible connector =10°Thickness of intermediate partition plate =0.1 mm=1.0 mm, and the ridge width/flow channel width at which the total voltage loss was minimum was determined at this value, as shown in fig. 7. From fig. 7, it can be determined that the ridge width/runner width optimum range is 0.4 to 0.6, where the total voltage loss is small, preferably 0.5, where the total voltage loss is minimum.
Based on the above computational analysis, the dimensions of the solid oxide fuel cell flexible bipolar plates were determined as:
ridge width/flow channel width ratioTaking 0.5;
inclination angle of flexible connectorTaking 5-10 degrees;
thickness of flexible bipolar plateTaking 0.1mm;
for the middle partition plate, if the determined optimal middle partition plate thickness with the minimum total voltage loss is smaller than the flow channel height, taking the middle partition plate thickness as a flow channel height value, and if the determined optimal middle partition plate thickness is larger than or equal to the flow channel height, taking the optimal middle partition plate thickness as an optimal value;
and according to the formula (7), the control equation for determining the height of the flow channels and the number of the flow channels is as follows:
（8）
wherein,；
then according to the total width of the bipolar plate flow passage area actually requiredThe total width of the bipolar plate flow channel region is expressed by the following equation:
（9）
and according to the ridge width/runner width ratioOptimum inclination angle of flexible connectorAndAnd calculating to obtain the width of the flow channels, the height of the flow channels, the number of the flow channels and the width of the ridges.
It should be noted that the parts not described in the present invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for optimally designing the size of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a bipolar plate geometric model, wherein the bipolar plate geometric model comprises an anode flexible connector and a cathode flexible connector, an intermediate baffle is arranged between the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector, and anode flow channels and cathode flow channels are respectively arranged on the anode flexible connector and the cathode flexible connector;
s2, determining dimension parameters of the bipolar plate to be optimized, including the channel width, the channel height, the channel number and the ridge width of the anode and the cathode channels, the inclination angle and the thickness of the anode and the cathode flexible connectors and the thickness of the middle partition plate;
s3, establishing a total voltage loss calculation model consisting of a bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model, a gas distribution layer voltage loss calculation model and a bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model based on the voltage distribution relation of a bipolar plate current collector, a gas distribution layer, a bipolar plate-gas interface and an intermediate separator;
s4, based on the total voltage loss calculation model established in the step S3, determining an optimal ridge width/runner width ratio, an optimal inclination angle of the flexible connector, an optimal thickness of the flexible connector and an optimal thickness of the middle partition plate by taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard;
s5, calculating an effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cell, and determining a control equation of the flow channel height and the flow channel number through the effective reaction volume.
2. The method for optimally designing the size of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the total voltage loss calculation in the step S3 isModelThe method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,for bipolar plate voltage loss, +.>For gas distribution layer voltage loss, < >>Is bipolar plate-gas interface voltage loss.
3. The method for optimally designing the size of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the bipolar plate voltage loss calculation model in the step S3 is as follows:
；
wherein,for bipolar plate flow channel height, +.>Is the thickness of the flexible connector->Is the thickness of the middle partition board->For ridge width>For the width of the flow channel>Is the inclination angle of the flexible connector +.>For bipolar plate resistivity along the xy-plane, +.>For the edge->Bipolar plate resistivity in the direction +.>Is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
4. The method for optimally designing the size of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the calculation model of the voltage loss of the gas distribution layer in the step S3 is as follows:
；
wherein,for the height of the gas distribution layer, +.>For ridge width>For the width of the flow channel>For gas distribution layers along the xy-planeResistivity->For the edge->Directional gas distribution layer resistivity, +.>Is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
5. The method for optimally designing the dimensions of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the bipolar plate-interface voltage loss calculation model in the step S3 is as follows:
；
wherein,is the total resistance at the bipolar plate-gas interface, < >>For ridge width>For the width of the flow channel>Is the current density of the gas distribution layer.
6. The method for optimally designing the size of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is specifically:
s41, drawing ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different values of inclination angles of the flexible connectors, ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different values of thicknesses of the flexible connectors and ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curves under different thicknesses of the middle partition boards according to a total voltage loss calculation model;
s42, taking the minimum total voltage loss as an optimization standard, and selecting the inclination angle of the flexible connector, the thickness of the flexible connector and the thickness of the middle partition plate, which correspond to the curve with the minimum total voltage loss, from the ridge width/runner width-total voltage loss response curve obtained in the step S41 as the optimal value;
s43, drawing a ridge width/flow channel width-total voltage loss response curve under the optimal value based on the optimal value of the inclination angle of the flexible connector, the thickness of the flexible connector and the thickness of the middle partition plate obtained in the step S42, and taking the ridge width/flow channel width ratio corresponding to the minimum total voltage loss as the optimal ridge width/flow channel width ratio.
7. The method for optimally designing the size of the flexible bipolar plate of the high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 is specifically:
s51, calculating the effective reaction volume according to a volume theoretical calculation formulaThe formula is:
；
s52, calculating the effective reaction volume according to the effective power, the actual power and the effective reaction efficiency of the fuel cellThe formula is:
；
s53, combining the steps S51 and S52 to obtain:
；
wherein,，/>taking 1.5-2.0%>For effective power, +.>For the actual power +.>In order to be effective in terms of the efficiency of the reaction,for effective reaction area, +.>For the number of flow channels>Is the length of the flow channel.
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