CN117706996A - Building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117706996A CN117706996A CN202311710820.5A CN202311710820A CN117706996A CN 117706996 A CN117706996 A CN 117706996A CN 202311710820 A CN202311710820 A CN 202311710820A CN 117706996 A CN117706996 A CN 117706996A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0428—Safety, monitoring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24024—Safety, surveillance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smoke prevention monitoring system and a smoke prevention monitoring method for a building pressurization stairwell, which are used for carrying out residual pressure control detection on a pressurization air supply system, and ensuring that the positive pressure value of the stairwell is within a setting range by combining the residual pressure detection result and through linkage adjustment of a first regulating valve and a second regulating valve; monitoring the interlayer stair evacuation door for assisting in control decision of the pressurizing air supply system; the smoke sensing device at the air inlet of the pressurized air supply system is used for controlling the pressurized air supply system, and when the smoke at the air inlet is detected, the pressurized air supply system is closed in a linkage way so as to ensure the safety of the stairwell; the top of the stairwell is provided with a high-level smoke discharging window, the high-level smoke discharging window and a first-layer evacuation door or a refuge-layer evacuation door are opened in a linkage way, and the high-level smoke discharging window is used for the later stage of a fire disaster, a pressurized air supply system is invalid, and after smoke enters the stairwell, the smoke in the stairwell can be discharged through natural ventilation; the invention can improve the adjusting efficiency and reduce the adjusting difficulty, and simultaneously ensures the safety of the pressurized stairwell in the front, middle and later stages of fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building fire control pressurization, in particular to a smoke prevention monitoring system and method for a building pressurization stairwell.
Background
In modern buildings, the pressure value of the stairwell should be kept in a designed range, and in case of fire or other emergency, the smoke can be effectively reduced from entering the stairwell rapidly to affect the safe evacuation. In the process of safe evacuation, the wind speed of the door opening is also required to be certain.
In the implementation process, the applicant finds that at least the following problems exist in the conventional technology: the traditional building pressurization stairwell smoke-proof monitoring system has the problems of low residual pressure adjusting efficiency and high difficulty in a smoke-proof area (stairwell or front room); meanwhile, the traditional building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system is lack of monitoring evacuation doors, pressurization air supply system inlets and stairwell temperature smoke sensing units to ensure fire safety of the stairwell, and is also lack of natural ventilation linkage control measures of the stairwell after the pressurization air supply system fails in the later period of fire.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a smoke prevention monitoring system and a smoke prevention monitoring method for a building pressurization stairwell.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring method applied to a building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring system, the building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring method comprising:
in the early stage of fire disaster, monitoring evacuation doors and residual pressure values of the stairway to ensure positive pressure of the stairway;
in the middle period of fire, the pressurized air supply system is controlled according to the condition of the air inlet of the pressurized air supply system.
In the later stage of fire, after the pressurized air supply system fails, the stairwell is ventilated and cooled;
further, the step of monitoring the evacuation door of the stairwell to ensure positive pressure of the stairwell specifically includes:
acquiring using state information of an evacuation door and operating state information of the evacuation door through a sensor module, wherein the using state information of the evacuation door comprises personnel entering and exiting conditions, and the operating state information of the evacuation door comprises opening and closing degree of the door, opening and closing speed of the door and opening and closing vibration conditions of the door;
judging whether the opening and closing degree of the current door in the evacuation door running state information meets the safety requirement according to the fire-fighting channel escape door standard; if not, an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door is sent to the evacuation door opening control subsystem;
judging whether the current door operation state is abnormal according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, and if so, triggering an alarm device to send an alarm signal and recording related information.
Further, the step of controlling the ventilation system according to the condition of the air inlet of the ventilation system specifically includes:
collecting the temperature or smoke concentration of an air inlet of a ventilation system;
and if the temperature or smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system exceeds a preset value, closing the ventilation system.
Further, the step of ventilating and cooling the stairwell specifically includes:
and controlling the electric door and the electric window to be completely opened.
Further, the building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitored control system includes: the system comprises a controller, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a sensor module, an evacuation door opening control subsystem and a plurality of residual pressure monitoring devices respectively arranged in each smoke prevention area, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the sensor module, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the residual pressure monitoring devices;
the first regulating valve is used for switching on or switching off the ventilation system and the gas path channels of each smoke prevention area; the second regulating valve is used for conducting or closing a bypass channel of the ventilation system; the residual pressure monitoring equipment is used for detecting the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area; the controller is used for acquiring the residual pressure value of each smoke prevention area and sending valve opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value; the controller is also used for monitoring the evacuation door.
Further, the controller includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the residual pressure value, the using state information of the evacuation door and the operating state information of the evacuation door of the smoke prevention area;
the valve adjusting module is used for sending opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value;
the evacuation door adjusting module is used for sending out an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door;
and the alarm module is used for triggering the alarm device to send out an alarm signal.
Further, the residual pressure monitoring equipment comprises a single chip microcomputer, a residual pressure detection sensor, an alarm output unit, a liquid crystal display unit, an infrared coding generation module, an infrared receiving module and an indicator lamp, wherein the single chip microcomputer is connected with the residual pressure detection sensor, the alarm output unit, the liquid crystal display unit, the infrared coding generation module, the infrared receiving module and the indicator lamp, the alarm output unit is further connected with the alarm indicator lamp, and the residual pressure detection sensor is used for monitoring residual pressure values for detecting smoke prevention areas in real time and displaying on site.
Further, the building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system comprises a fire control power supply monitor, and the controller is connected with the fire control power supply monitor through a fire control power supply monitoring bus;
the building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system further comprises a temperature detection unit, a smoke sensing device, an electric door and an electric window, wherein the temperature detection unit is arranged in a smoke prevention area, the electric window is arranged on the side surface and the top of the smoke prevention area, the electric door is arranged between a stairwell of a refuge layer through refuge safety area or between a stairwell of a first layer through outdoor, and the controller is connected with the temperature detection unit, the electric door, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the electric window;
when the fire disaster later period, the controller obtains the temperature in the smoke prevention area through the temperature detection unit and the smoke sensing device detects whether a large amount of smoke gas invades in the smoke prevention area, if the obtained temperature exceeds the preset temperature, the smoke sensing of the fire layer, the upper layer, the lower layer and the topmost layer of the fire layer are all alarmed, the smoke gas is proved to fill the whole evacuation stair, the pressurized air supply system is invalid, the electric door and the electric window are controlled to be completely opened, and the smoke gas in the stair room can be discharged through natural ventilation.
Further, the method comprises the steps of: the action of automatically opening and closing the evacuation door is realized through an electric actuator;
and monitoring the current opening condition of the evacuation door through an opening sensor.
A building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system for performing the building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring method as described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the evacuation door and the residual pressure value of the stairway are monitored, and the stairway is ensured to be in a positive pressure state in the early stage of fire through the linkage control of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve, so that smoke and flame can be effectively prevented from entering the stairway, and the safety of personnel evacuation is improved. At the later stage of fire, after the pressurized air supply system fails, the flue gas invades the stairwell, and then the stairwell is ventilated and cooled, so that the temperature in the stairwell can be effectively reduced, the influence of the smoke on personnel is reduced, firefighters and related staff can conveniently enter the stairwell, and rescue work is carried out. The change condition of the air quality in the stairwell can be monitored in real time by collecting the temperature or the smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system. When the temperature or smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system exceeds a preset value, the ventilation system is automatically closed, so that smoke and flame are prevented from being transmitted to other areas, and the life safety of personnel is protected. In a word, the smoke prevention monitoring method for the building pressurized stairwell improves fire safety, facilitates evacuation and rescue work and ensures life safety of personnel in a fire disaster process through monitoring the stairwell and controlling a ventilation system.
According to the invention, the first regulating valve arranged in the air passage channel of the ventilation system and the smoke prevention area and the second regulating valve arranged in the bypass channel are used for regulating the residual pressure of the smoke prevention area together, so that the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area (the stairwell and the front chamber) can be ensured to reach the normal range, the pressure can be relieved rapidly, and the air supply quantity of the smoke prevention area can be reduced. In addition, the size of the bypass pipeline in the common civil building is often larger than twice the size of the air pipe (namely the air outlet pipe of the ventilation system to the smoke prevention area) due to the design requirement, and the arrangement of the pipeline in the machine room is difficult. By adopting the residual pressure control equipment, the size of the bypass pipeline can be reduced by quickly adjusting the residual pressure value, the efficiency of pipeline arrangement is improved, and the problem of high residual pressure value debugging difficulty caused by the air quantity generated by the operation curve of the ventilation system can be solved.
The invention realizes the supervision and control of the evacuation door, thereby improving the safety and smoothness of people during evacuation.
The invention is provided with the temperature detection unit and the smoke sensing device, and can monitor the temperature and the smoke concentration in the smoke prevention area in real time. Through this function, temperature and smog concentration information in the smoke protection region can in time be obtained. An electric door and an electric window are also arranged and are respectively positioned at the side surface and the top of the smoke prevention area. When the controller obtains the information that the temperature in the smoke prevention area exceeds the preset temperature, the electric door and the electric window can be automatically controlled to be fully opened. Thus, the effects of rapidly cooling and discharging the smoke can be realized through air circulation. In addition, the controller is connected with the temperature detection unit, the electric door control subsystem and the electric window, and unified control and coordinated operation of the whole system can be realized through the control and connection functions of the controller. In summary, the smoke prevention monitoring system for the building pressurization stairwell can rapidly reduce the temperature in a smoke prevention area in the later stage of a fire through temperature detection, smoke sensing devices, electric doors and electric windows, so that the safety of the building is improved, and related personnel can conveniently enter the fire building.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for smoke protection monitoring of a pressurized stairwell of a building according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a smoke prevention monitoring system and method for a pressurized stairwell of a building.
When the front room and the stairwell of the high-rise building cannot meet the natural smoke discharging condition according to the current fireproof standard requirements, a pressurizing air supply system is arranged to ensure that the indoor space is positive pressure when the front room and the stairwell are in fire disaster. The rated air quantity of the pressurizing air-supplying and ventilating system is selected or calculated according to the specification, and the air pressure is designed according to the air-supplying requirement of the air port at the most unfavorable point (the most distant point). When fire occurs, three electric air supply outlets of the fire floor and the front chambers of the upper and lower floors are opened under the action of the fire control center, and all air supply outlets of the stairway are naturally opened under the action of wind power.
When the fire floor approaches the ventilation system, the resistance loss along the pipeline is smaller, and the air quantity is increased along the performance curve of the ventilation system. If no overpressure prevention measures are taken, part of the front room (front room for use) which is close to the ventilation system can possibly have too large air supply quantity, so that the indoor air pressure exceeds the standard allowable value, and when the situation is serious, the stairwell or the fireproof door of the front room (front room for use) can possibly be difficult to open, and the escape of personnel is influenced.
At present, the method for preventing the excessive pressure of the stairwell or the front chamber (shared front chamber) mainly adopts a residual pressure valve to control the positive pressure value of the stairwell or the front chamber; in the implementation process, the applicant finds that at least the following problems exist in the conventional technology: the traditional technology has the problems of low residual pressure adjusting efficiency and great difficulty in a smoke-proof area (stairwell or front room); meanwhile, monitoring of evacuation doors is lacking.
A building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring method applied to a building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring system, the building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring method comprising:
in the early stage of fire disaster, monitoring evacuation doors of the stairway to ensure positive pressure of the stairway;
in the middle period of fire, the pressurized air supply system is controlled according to the condition of the air inlet of the pressurized air supply system.
In the later period of fire, the stairwell is ventilated and cooled;
further, the step of monitoring the evacuation door of the stairwell to ensure positive pressure of the stairwell specifically includes:
acquiring using state information of an evacuation door and operating state information of the evacuation door through a sensor module, wherein the using state information of the evacuation door comprises personnel entering and exiting conditions, and the operating state information of the evacuation door comprises opening and closing degree of the door, opening and closing speed of the door and opening and closing vibration conditions of the door;
judging whether the opening and closing degree of the current door in the evacuation door running state information meets the safety requirement according to the fire-fighting channel escape door standard; if not, an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door is sent to the evacuation door opening control subsystem;
judging whether the current door operation state is abnormal according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, and if so, triggering an alarm device to send an alarm signal and recording related information.
Further, the step of controlling the ventilation system according to the condition of the air inlet of the ventilation system specifically includes:
collecting the temperature or smoke concentration of an air inlet of a ventilation system;
and if the temperature or smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system exceeds a preset value, closing the ventilation system.
Further, the step of ventilating and cooling the stairwell specifically includes:
and controlling the electric door and the electric window to be completely opened.
In the scheme, the stairway evacuation door and the residual pressure value are monitored, so that the stairway is ensured to be in a positive pressure state in the early stage of fire, smoke and flame can be effectively prevented from entering the stairway, and the safety of personnel evacuation is improved. At the later stage of fire, after the pressurized air supply system fails, the flue gas invades the stairwell, and then the stairwell is ventilated and cooled, so that the temperature in the stairwell can be effectively reduced, the influence of the smoke on personnel is reduced, firefighters and related staff can conveniently enter the stairwell, and rescue work is carried out. In the middle period of fire, the change condition of the air quality in the stairwell can be monitored in real time by collecting the temperature or the smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system. When the temperature or smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system exceeds a preset value, the ventilation system is automatically closed, so that smoke and flame are prevented from being transmitted to other areas, and the life safety of personnel is protected. In a word, the smoke prevention monitoring method for the building pressurized stairwell improves fire safety, facilitates evacuation and rescue work and ensures life safety of personnel in a fire disaster process through monitoring the stairwell and controlling a ventilation system.
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a smoke prevention monitoring system for a building pressurization stairwell, which comprises: the system comprises a controller, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a sensor module, an evacuation door opening control subsystem and a plurality of residual pressure monitoring devices respectively arranged in each smoke prevention area, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the sensor module, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the residual pressure monitoring devices;
the first regulating valve is used for switching on or switching off the ventilation system and the gas path channels of each smoke prevention area; the second regulating valve is used for conducting or closing a bypass channel of the ventilation system; the residual pressure monitoring equipment is used for detecting the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area; the controller is used for acquiring the residual pressure value of each smoke prevention area and sending valve opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value; the controller is also used for monitoring the evacuation door; the type of the controller is not limited, and can be set according to practical application conditions, for example, the controller can be a general-purpose processor, and comprises a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, NP) and the like; the system can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components and the like, so long as the system can obtain the residual pressure value of the stairwell and send opening adjustment instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value. The first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are valves for regulating the opening of the air passage. Smoke protection areas refer to stairwells or antechambers at various floors in a building.
Specifically, the first regulating valve is arranged in the ventilation system and the air passage channels of each smoke prevention area, and can regulate the opening degrees of the ventilation system and the air passage channels of each smoke prevention area according to the instruction. The first regulating valve is provided in a bypass passage of the ventilation system, and can regulate the opening of the bypass passage of the ventilation system according to the instruction. It should be noted that, the bypass channel of the ventilation system means that a bypass is opened on the ventilation system and the air channel of each smoke-proof area, and one end of the bypass channel is communicated with the air outlet of the ventilation system.
The specific method for monitoring the evacuation door comprises the following steps:
acquiring using state information of an evacuation door and operating state information of the evacuation door through a sensor module, wherein the using state information of the evacuation door comprises personnel entering and exiting conditions, and the operating state information of the evacuation door comprises opening and closing degree of the door, opening and closing speed of the door and opening and closing vibration conditions of the door; further, the sensor module comprises an opening sensor arranged on the evacuation door, and the opening sensor is used for monitoring the current opening condition of the evacuation door. It should be noted that, the sensor module further includes a vibration sensor, a proximity switch, a travel switch, etc. to obtain the operation information of the door more accurately. The sensor module further comprises an infrared sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged near the evacuation door, and the sensor module can detect the entering and exiting conditions of personnel so as to ensure that the using state information of the evacuation door is accurately acquired;
judging whether the opening and closing degree of the current door in the evacuation door running state information meets the safety requirement according to the fire-fighting channel escape door standard; if not, an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door is sent to the evacuation door opening control subsystem;
judging whether the current door operation state is abnormal according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, and if so, triggering an alarm device to send an alarm signal.
In the above scheme, the sensor module monitors the state of the door in real time and adjusts the opening of the evacuation door through the evacuation door opening control subsystem, so that the opening of the door is ensured to meet the safety requirement. An administrator can adjust opening setting through a user interface so as to adapt to different evacuation requirements and environmental changes; has better flexibility. The controller can rapidly respond to and control the opening degree of the door, and timeliness and efficiency of evacuation operation are ensured. When the door operates abnormally, the system can give an alarm in time and take corresponding measures, so that the safety evacuation of people is ensured. Therefore, the embodiment obtains the using state information and the operating state information of the evacuation door through the sensor module, combines the functions of the controller and the opening control subsystem of the evacuation door, realizes the accurate control of the opening of the door, and ensures the safety and smoothness of people during evacuation; meanwhile, the operation state of the evacuation door is monitored, if abnormal conditions occur, an alarm is sent out in time, and proper measures are taken.
In this embodiment, the determining, according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, whether the current door operation state is abnormal or not, if so, triggering the alarm device to send an alarm signal may be:
and (3) monitoring the opening and closing states: a switch sensor is used to monitor the open and closed status of the evacuation door. If the door is not completely closed or opened, the controller will sound an alarm and control the door body to adjust accordingly by the motor until the door is completely closed or opened.
And (3) monitoring opening and closing time: the opening and closing time of the evacuation door is monitored by a timer or a sensor. If the door opening and closing time exceeds the set range, the controller will give an alarm and inform maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance.
Vibration monitoring: and a vibration sensor is used for monitoring vibration conditions in the operation process of the evacuation door. If abnormal vibration is detected, the controller will give an alarm and record an abnormal event and notify the relevant personnel to carry out maintenance.
Noise monitoring: the noise level during the operation of the evacuation door is monitored by means of a noise sensor. If abnormal noise is detected, the controller will sound an alarm and record an abnormal event and notify the relevant personnel to carry out maintenance.
And (3) speed control: the opening and closing speed of the evacuation door is controlled by adjusting the motor speed of the door. The controller can automatically adjust the rotating speed of the motor according to the set speed range so as to ensure that the opening and closing speed of the door is within a safe range.
Stagnation detection: a sensor is used to monitor dead time of the door. If the door body is stopped for more than a set time in the opening or closing process, the controller will give an alarm and automatically stop the movement of the door to avoid dangerous situations.
Through the control strategy, the operation state of the evacuation door can be monitored in real time, and judgment and control can be performed according to set standard data. When an abnormal situation is found, an alarm is sent out in time and related information is recorded, so that timely maintenance and hidden danger elimination can be performed, and safe operation of the evacuation door is ensured.
The controller includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the residual pressure value, the using state information of the evacuation door and the operating state information of the evacuation door of the smoke prevention area;
the valve adjusting module is used for sending opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value; further, the valve adjusting module comprises an overpressure adjusting module, and the overpressure adjusting module is used for transmitting a first opening degree reducing instruction to the first adjusting valve and transmitting a first opening degree increasing instruction to the second adjusting valve if the overpressure state is confirmed to be in the overpressure state according to the residual pressure value; the first opening degree reducing instruction is used for indicating the first regulating valve to reduce the opening degree until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into a normal range; the first opening increasing instruction is used for indicating the second regulating valve to increase the opening until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into the normal range. Further, the valve adjusting module comprises a low pressure adjusting module, and the low pressure adjusting module is used for transmitting a second opening increasing instruction to the first adjusting valve and transmitting a second opening decreasing instruction to the second adjusting valve if the current low pressure state is confirmed according to the residual pressure value; the second opening increasing instruction is used for indicating the first regulating valve to increase the opening until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into a normal range; the second opening increasing instruction is used for indicating the second regulating valve to decrease the opening until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into the normal range;
the evacuation door adjusting module is used for sending out an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door;
and the alarm module is used for triggering the alarm device to send out an alarm signal. It should be noted that the alarm device has the following functions: when the operation state of the evacuation door is abnormal, the alarm device emits sound or optical signals to draw attention of people. The alarm means may be a horn, a flashing light or other suitable alarm device.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through the real-time monitoring of each sensor and the judgment of the controller, the abnormal condition of the evacuation door can be found in time, and people can pay attention through the alarm device, so that the safety and smooth performance of personnel evacuation are ensured.
Further, the evacuation door opening control subsystem comprises an electric actuator, and the electric actuator is used for realizing the action of automatically opening and closing the evacuation door. In this embodiment, the electric actuator controls the opening of the evacuation door according to the instruction of the controller. The electric actuator may be an electric push rod, a hydraulic drive or other suitable mechanical means to ensure smooth, controlled opening and closing operation of the door.
Further, the residual pressure monitoring equipment comprises a single chip microcomputer, a residual pressure detection sensor, an alarm output unit, a liquid crystal display unit, an infrared coding generation module, an infrared receiving module and an indicator lamp, wherein the single chip microcomputer is connected with the residual pressure detection sensor, the alarm output unit, the liquid crystal display unit, the infrared coding generation module, the infrared receiving module and the indicator lamp, the alarm output unit is further connected with the alarm indicator lamp, and the residual pressure detection sensor is used for monitoring residual pressure values used for detecting smoke prevention areas in real time and displaying on site.
Further, the fire control power supply monitoring device also comprises a fire control power supply monitoring device, and the controller is connected with the fire control power supply monitoring device through a fire control power supply monitoring bus.
Further, the building pressurized stairwell smoke protection monitoring system also includes a user interface for providing a user with an interface for interaction with the controller. The user interface can be a touch screen, and a user can know the state of the evacuation door, adjust the opening setting and view information such as system alarms through the user interface.
Further, the building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system further comprises a temperature detection unit, a smoke sensing device, an electric door and an electric window, wherein the temperature detection unit is arranged in a smoke prevention area, the electric window is arranged on the side surface and the top of the smoke prevention area, the electric door is arranged between a stairwell of a refuge layer through refuge safety area or between a stairwell of a first layer through outdoor, and the controller is connected with the temperature detection unit, the electric door, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the electric window;
when the fire disaster later period, the controller obtains the temperature in the smoke prevention area through the temperature detection unit and the smoke sensing device detects whether a large amount of smoke gas invades in the smoke prevention area, if the obtained temperature exceeds the preset temperature, the smoke sensing of the fire layer, the upper layer, the lower layer and the topmost layer of the fire layer are all alarmed, the smoke gas is proved to fill the whole evacuation stair, the pressurized air supply system is invalid, the electric door and the electric window are controlled to be completely opened, and the smoke gas in the stair room can be discharged through natural ventilation.
In this embodiment, a temperature detection unit is provided, so that the temperature and smoke sensing device in the smoke prevention area can be monitored in real time. Through this function, temperature and smog concentration information in the smoke protection region can in time be obtained. An electric door and an electric window are arranged and are respectively positioned at the side surface and the top of the smoke prevention area. When the controller acquires information that the temperature or the smoke concentration in the smoke prevention area exceeds the preset temperature and the smoke concentration, the electric door and the electric window are automatically controlled to be fully opened. Thus, the effects of rapidly cooling and discharging the smoke can be realized through air circulation. In addition, the controller is connected with the temperature detection unit, the electric door, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the electric window, and unified control and coordinated operation of the whole system can be realized through the control and connection functions of the controller. In summary, the smoke-proof monitoring system for the building pressurization stairwell can rapidly reduce the temperature in the smoke-proof area and discharge smoke at the later stage of a fire through temperature detection and control of the electric door and the electric window, thereby improving the safety of the building and facilitating related personnel to enter the fire building.
Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for monitoring smoke prevention in a building pressurization stairwell, which is applied to the system for monitoring smoke prevention in a building pressurization stairwell according to embodiment 1, and includes:
acquiring using state information of an evacuation door and operating state information of the evacuation door through a sensor module, wherein the using state information of the evacuation door comprises personnel entering and exiting conditions, and the operating state information of the evacuation door comprises opening and closing degree of the door, opening and closing speed of the door and opening and closing vibration conditions of the door;
judging whether the opening and closing degree of the current door in the evacuation door running state information meets the safety requirement according to the fire-fighting channel escape door standard; if not, an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door is sent to the evacuation door opening control subsystem;
judging whether the current door operation state is abnormal according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, and if so, triggering an alarm device to send an alarm signal.
Further, the method for monitoring smoke prevention of the building pressurized stairwell further comprises the following steps:
acquiring a residual pressure value of a smoke prevention area;
sending opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value,
if the current overpressure state is confirmed according to the residual pressure value, transmitting a first opening degree reducing instruction to a first regulating valve and transmitting a first opening degree increasing instruction to a second regulating valve; the first opening degree reducing instruction is used for indicating the first regulating valve to reduce the opening degree until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into a normal range; the first opening increasing instruction is used for indicating the second regulating valve to increase the opening until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into a normal range;
if the current low-pressure state is confirmed according to the residual pressure value, transmitting a second opening increasing instruction to the first regulating valve and transmitting a second opening decreasing instruction to the second regulating valve; the second opening increasing instruction is used for indicating the first regulating valve to increase the opening until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into a normal range; the second opening increasing instruction is used for indicating the second regulating valve to decrease the opening until the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area falls into the normal range.
In other embodiments, the building pressurized stairwell smoke protection monitoring method is applied to a building pressurized stairwell smoke protection monitoring system, the building pressurized stairwell smoke protection monitoring method comprising:
in the early stage of fire disaster, monitoring evacuation doors of the stairway to ensure positive pressure of the stairway;
in the later stage of fire, if the pressurized air supply system fails, the stairwell is ventilated and cooled;
in the whole fire disaster process, the ventilation system is controlled according to the condition of the air inlet of the ventilation system;
the smoke prevention monitoring method for the building pressurization stairwell specifically comprises the following steps:
the residual pressure control detection is carried out on the pressurized air supply system, and the positive pressure value of the stairwell is ensured to be within the setting range by combining the residual pressure detection result and through the linkage adjustment of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve;
monitoring the interlayer stair evacuation door for assisting in control decision of the pressurizing air supply system;
the smoke sensing device at the air inlet of the pressurized air supply system is used for controlling the pressurized air supply system, and when the smoke at the air inlet is detected, the pressurized air supply system is closed in a linkage way so as to ensure the safety of the stairwell;
the top of the stairwell is provided with a high-level smoke discharging window, the high-level smoke discharging window is linked with a first-layer evacuation door or a refuge-layer evacuation door to be opened, and smoke feeling of the refuge-layer evacuation door, the first-layer through safety zone and the outdoor evacuation door is matched to control the opening and closing of the evacuation door, so that the stairwell is used for later stage of fire, a pressurizing and air supplying system is invalid, and after smoke enters the stairwell, the smoke in the stairwell can be discharged through natural ventilation;
and each layer of the stairwell is provided with a smoke sensing device for judging whether smoke enters or not, and when the fire layer and the upper and lower layers and the topmost layer of the fire layer sense smoke and alarm, the smoke is proved to flood the whole evacuation stairwell.
The step of monitoring the evacuation door of the stairwell to ensure positive pressure of the stairwell specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring using state information of an evacuation door and operating state information of the evacuation door through a sensor module, wherein the using state information of the evacuation door comprises personnel entering and exiting conditions, and the operating state information of the evacuation door comprises opening and closing degree of the door, opening and closing speed of the door and opening and closing vibration conditions of the door;
judging whether the opening and closing degree of the current door in the evacuation door running state information meets the safety requirement according to the fire-fighting channel escape door standard; if not, an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door is sent to the evacuation door opening control subsystem;
judging whether the current door operation state is abnormal according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, and if so, triggering an alarm device to send an alarm signal and recording related information.
The step of ventilating and cooling the stairwell specifically comprises the following steps:
and controlling the evacuation door, the electric door and the electric window to be completely opened.
The step of controlling the ventilation system according to the condition of the air inlet of the ventilation system specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperature or smoke concentration of an air inlet of a ventilation system;
and if the temperature or smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system exceeds a preset value, closing the ventilation system.
The building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitored control system includes: the system comprises a controller, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a sensor module, an evacuation door opening control subsystem and a plurality of residual pressure monitoring devices respectively arranged in each smoke prevention area, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the sensor module, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the residual pressure monitoring devices;
the first regulating valve is used for switching on or switching off the ventilation system and the gas path channels of each smoke prevention area; the second regulating valve is used for conducting or closing a bypass channel of the ventilation system; the residual pressure monitoring equipment is used for detecting the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area; the controller is used for acquiring the residual pressure value of each smoke prevention area and sending valve opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value; the controller is also used for monitoring the evacuation door.
The controller includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the residual pressure value, the using state information of the evacuation door and the operating state information of the evacuation door of the smoke prevention area;
the valve adjusting module is used for sending opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value;
the evacuation door adjusting module is used for sending out an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door;
and the alarm module is used for triggering the alarm device to send out an alarm signal.
The residual pressure monitoring equipment comprises a single chip microcomputer, a residual pressure detection sensor, an alarm output unit, a liquid crystal display unit, an infrared coding generation module, an infrared receiving module and an indicator lamp, wherein the single chip microcomputer is connected with the residual pressure detection sensor, the alarm output unit, the liquid crystal display unit, the infrared coding generation module, the infrared receiving module and the indicator lamp, the alarm output unit is further connected with the alarm indicator lamp, and the residual pressure detection sensor is used for monitoring residual pressure values used for detecting smoke prevention areas in real time and displaying on site.
The building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system comprises a fire control power supply monitor, wherein the controller is connected with the fire control power supply monitor through a fire control power supply monitoring bus;
the building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system further comprises a temperature detection unit, a smoke sensing device, an electric door and an electric window, wherein the temperature detection unit is arranged in a smoke prevention area, the electric window is arranged on the side surface and the top of the smoke prevention area, the electric door is arranged between a stairwell of a refuge layer through refuge safety area or between a stairwell of a first layer through outdoor, and the controller is connected with the temperature detection unit, the electric door, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the electric window;
when the fire disaster later period, the controller obtains the temperature in the smoke prevention area through the temperature detection unit and the smoke sensing device detects whether a large amount of smoke gas invades in the smoke prevention area, if the obtained temperature exceeds the preset temperature, the smoke sensing of the fire layer, the upper layer, the lower layer and the topmost layer of the fire layer are all alarmed, the smoke gas is proved to fill the whole evacuation stair, the pressurized air supply system is invalid, the electric door and the electric window are controlled to be completely opened, and the smoke gas in the stair room can be discharged through natural ventilation.
The smoke prevention monitoring method for the building pressurization stairwell comprises the following steps: the action of automatically opening and closing the evacuation door is realized through an electric actuator;
and monitoring the current opening condition of the evacuation door through an opening sensor.
The method comprises the following steps: the residual pressure control detection is carried out on the pressurized air supply system, and the positive pressure value of the stairwell is ensured to be within the setting range by combining the residual pressure detection result and through the linkage adjustment of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve; monitoring the interlayer stair evacuation door for assisting in control decision of the pressurizing air supply system; the smoke sensing device at the air inlet of the pressurized air supply system is used for controlling the pressurized air supply system, and when the smoke at the air inlet is detected, the pressurized air supply system is closed in a linkage way so as to ensure the safety of the stairwell; the top of the stairwell is provided with a high-level smoke discharging window, the high-level smoke discharging window and a first-layer evacuation door or a refuge-layer evacuation door are opened in a linkage way, and the high-level smoke discharging window is used for the later stage of a fire disaster, a pressurized air supply system is invalid, and after smoke enters the stairwell, the smoke in the stairwell can be discharged through natural ventilation; the invention can improve the adjusting efficiency and reduce the adjusting difficulty, and simultaneously can ensure the safety of the pressurized stairwell in the front, middle and later stages of fire disaster for the smoke induction monitoring and the natural ventilation linkage control of the inlet of the pressurized air supply system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the first regulating valve arranged in the air passage channel of the ventilation system and the smoke prevention area and the second regulating valve arranged in the bypass channel are used for regulating the residual pressure of the smoke prevention area together, so that the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area (the stairwell and the front chamber) can be ensured to reach the normal range, the pressure can be relieved rapidly, and the air supply quantity of the smoke prevention area can be reduced. In addition, the size of the bypass pipeline in the common civil building is often larger than twice the size of the air pipe (namely the air outlet pipe of the ventilation system to the smoke prevention area) due to the design requirement, and the arrangement of the pipeline in the machine room is difficult. By adopting the residual pressure control equipment, the size of the bypass pipeline can be reduced by quickly adjusting the residual pressure value, the efficiency of pipeline arrangement is improved, and the problem of high residual pressure value debugging difficulty caused by the air quantity generated by the operation curve of the ventilation system can be solved.
The invention realizes the supervision and control of the evacuation door, thereby improving the safety and smoothness of people during evacuation.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring method is characterized by being applied to a building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system, and comprises the following steps:
in the early stage of fire disaster, monitoring evacuation doors of the stairway to ensure positive pressure of the stairway;
in the later stage of fire, if the pressurized air supply system fails, the stairwell is ventilated and cooled;
in the whole fire disaster process, the ventilation system is controlled according to the condition of the air inlet of the ventilation system;
the smoke prevention monitoring method for the building pressurization stairwell specifically comprises the following steps:
the residual pressure control detection is carried out on the pressurized air supply system, and the positive pressure value of the stairwell is ensured to be within the setting range by combining the residual pressure detection result and through the linkage adjustment of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve;
monitoring the interlayer stair evacuation door for assisting in control decision of the pressurizing air supply system;
the smoke sensing device at the air inlet of the pressurized air supply system is used for controlling the pressurized air supply system, and when the smoke at the air inlet is detected, the pressurized air supply system is closed in a linkage way so as to ensure the safety of the stairwell;
the top of the stairwell is provided with a high-level smoke discharging window, the high-level smoke discharging window is linked with a first-layer evacuation door or a refuge-layer evacuation door to be opened, and smoke feeling of the refuge-layer evacuation door, the first-layer through safety zone and the outdoor evacuation door is matched to control the opening and closing of the evacuation door, so that the stairwell is used for later stage of fire, a pressurizing and air supplying system is invalid, and after smoke enters the stairwell, the smoke in the stairwell can be discharged through natural ventilation;
and each layer of the stairwell is provided with a smoke sensing device for judging whether smoke enters or not, and when the fire layer and the upper and lower layers and the topmost layer of the fire layer sense smoke and alarm, the smoke is proved to flood the whole evacuation stairwell.
2. A method of smoke protection monitoring for a pressurized stairwell of a building according to claim 1, wherein the step of monitoring evacuation doors of the stairwell to ensure positive stairwell pressure comprises:
acquiring using state information of an evacuation door and operating state information of the evacuation door through a sensor module, wherein the using state information of the evacuation door comprises personnel entering and exiting conditions, and the operating state information of the evacuation door comprises opening and closing degree of the door, opening and closing speed of the door and opening and closing vibration conditions of the door;
judging whether the opening and closing degree of the current door in the evacuation door running state information meets the safety requirement according to the fire-fighting channel escape door standard; if not, an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door is sent to the evacuation door opening control subsystem;
judging whether the current door operation state is abnormal according to a preset evacuation door operation state standard, and if so, triggering an alarm device to send an alarm signal and recording related information.
3. The method for smoke protection monitoring of a pressurized stairwell of a building according to claim 1, wherein said step of ventilating and cooling the stairwell comprises:
and controlling the evacuation door, the electric door and the electric window to be completely opened.
4. The method for monitoring smoke protection in a pressurized stairwell of a building according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the ventilation system according to the condition of the air inlet of the ventilation system comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperature or smoke concentration of an air inlet of a ventilation system;
and if the temperature or smoke concentration of the air inlet of the ventilation system exceeds a preset value, closing the ventilation system.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a controller, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a sensor module, an evacuation door opening control subsystem and a plurality of residual pressure monitoring devices respectively arranged in each smoke prevention area, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the sensor module, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the residual pressure monitoring devices;
the first regulating valve is used for switching on or switching off the ventilation system and the gas path channels of each smoke prevention area; the second regulating valve is used for conducting or closing a bypass channel of the ventilation system; the residual pressure monitoring equipment is used for detecting the residual pressure value of the smoke prevention area; the controller is used for acquiring the residual pressure value of each smoke prevention area and sending valve opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value; the controller is also used for monitoring the evacuation door.
6. The method of smoke protection monitoring for a pressurized stairwell of a building of claim 5, wherein said controller comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the residual pressure value, the using state information of the evacuation door and the operating state information of the evacuation door of the smoke prevention area;
the valve adjusting module is used for sending opening adjusting instructions to the first adjusting valve and the second adjusting valve according to the residual pressure value;
the evacuation door adjusting module is used for sending out an instruction for adjusting the opening of the evacuation door;
and the alarm module is used for triggering the alarm device to send out an alarm signal.
7. The smoke prevention monitoring method for the building pressurized stairwell according to claim 5, wherein the residual pressure monitoring device comprises a single chip microcomputer, a residual pressure detection sensor, an alarm output unit, a liquid crystal display unit, an infrared coding generation module, an infrared receiving module and an indicator lamp, wherein the single chip microcomputer is connected with the residual pressure detection sensor, the alarm output unit, the liquid crystal display unit, the infrared coding generation module, the infrared receiving module and the indicator lamp, the alarm output unit is further connected with an alarm indicator lamp, and the residual pressure detection sensor is used for monitoring residual pressure values for detecting smoke prevention areas in real time and displaying the residual pressure values on site.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the system comprises a fire power monitor, the controller being connected to the fire power monitor via a fire power monitor bus;
the building pressurization stairwell smoke prevention monitoring system further comprises a temperature detection unit, a smoke sensing device, an electric door and an electric window, wherein the temperature detection unit is arranged in a smoke prevention area, the electric window is arranged on the side surface and the top of the smoke prevention area, the electric door is arranged between a stairwell of a refuge layer through refuge safety area or between a stairwell of a first layer through outdoor, and the controller is connected with the temperature detection unit, the electric door, the evacuation door opening control subsystem and the electric window;
when the fire disaster later period, the controller obtains the temperature in the smoke prevention area through the temperature detection unit and the smoke sensing device detects whether a large amount of smoke gas invades in the smoke prevention area, if the obtained temperature exceeds the preset temperature, the smoke sensing of the fire layer, the upper layer, the lower layer and the topmost layer of the fire layer are all alarmed, the smoke gas is proved to fill the whole evacuation stair, the pressurized air supply system is invalid, the electric door and the electric window are controlled to be completely opened, and the smoke gas in the stair room can be discharged through natural ventilation.
9. A method of smoke protection monitoring for a pressurized stairwell of a building as claimed in claim 2, including: the action of automatically opening and closing the evacuation door is realized through an electric actuator;
and monitoring the current opening condition of the evacuation door through an opening sensor.
10. A building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring system, characterized in that the building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring system is used for executing the building pressurization stairwell smoke protection monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-9.
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