CN117703538A - Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with carbon capture coal-fired unit and system thereof - Google Patents
Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with carbon capture coal-fired unit and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 584
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 292
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 290
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method and system coupled with a carbon capture coal-fired unit. An energy storage method comprising the steps of: the high-temperature steam generated by the steam turbine unit provides heat load for the carbon capture system, and then redundant electric energy is input into the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system for energy storage in the valley period. Capturing carbon dioxide in the flue gas after treatment, and taking the carbon dioxide as a source of carbon dioxide working medium in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system. The realization is as follows: in the valley period, compressing the carbon dioxide by a compressor unit to obtain high-pressure carbon dioxide so as to store redundant electric energy of the turbine unit; and in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure carbon dioxide is turbine through an expansion unit to output electric energy, and the expansion unit and the turbine unit jointly do work to generate electricity. The method and the equipment realize the deep coupling of the coal-fired unit, the carbon trapping system and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, thereby optimizing the peak regulation capacity of the coal-fired unit and increasing the peak regulation depth of the system, and further improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide energy storage and energy recycling, in particular to a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method and a system thereof coupled with a carbon capture coal-fired unit by coupling a carbon capture technology.
Background
Although renewable energy power generation technology is in a rapid development stage, the ratio of fossil fuel power generation, particularly coal power generation, is still large worldwide, and particularly coal power generation is still a power supply main force for China. Therefore, measures such as capturing, sealing and utilizing carbon dioxide discharged from a coal-fired power plant are required to reduce carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere.
In the prior art, the traditional coal motor group is improved to increase peak shaving response capability and peak shaving depth, the engineering quantity of the method is large, the technical requirement is high, and the process can be realized more easily through the application of an energy storage technology. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage technology has the advantages of large scale, long service life, high energy storage density, low emission and the like, is easy to couple with a carbon capturing, utilizing and burying system, and is one of large-scale physical energy storage technologies with development prospect.
In the prior art, researches on a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system are mostly biased to thermodynamic analysis, optimization and the like of the energy storage system. Related schemes of operation rules and operation modes after the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with an application scene are lacking in the prior art. Therefore, a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method and a system thereof coupled with a carbon capture coal-fired unit are needed by the person skilled in the art, so that the aims of optimizing the peak shaving capacity of the coal-fired unit and increasing the peak shaving depth are achieved by matching the energy storage and release process of the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with the peak shaving process of the coal-fired unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method and a system thereof which are coupled with a carbon capture coal-fired unit, so as to realize the deep coupling of the coal-fired unit, the carbon capture system and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, thereby optimizing the peak regulation capacity of the coal-fired unit and increasing the peak regulation depth of the system, and further improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system. For this reason, the invention provides a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with a carbon capture coal-fired unit, comprising the following steps:
the coal is burned through the boiler system, so that a heat load is provided for the steam turbine unit, and meanwhile, smoke is generated; the turbine unit is power generation equipment, high-temperature steam generated by the turbine unit provides required thermal load for the carbon capture system, and redundant electric energy is input into the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system for energy storage in a valley period;
after desulfurization and denitrification treatment, the flue gas enters a carbon trapping system for decarburization treatment; the carbon trapping system traps carbon dioxide in the flue gas and takes the carbon dioxide as a source of carbon dioxide working medium in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system; in the valley period, compressing the carbon dioxide by a compressor unit to obtain high-pressure carbon dioxide so as to store redundant electric energy of the turbine unit; in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure carbon dioxide is turbine through an expansion unit to output electric energy, and the expansion unit and the turbine unit jointly do work to generate electricity;
and the coupling system with the turbine unit, the boiler system, the carbon capture system and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system is divided into: the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, and the supercritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit.
Optionally, the transcritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: the carbon dioxide energy storage system enters an energy storage stage, and the carbon dioxide energy storage system extracts normal-pressure carbon dioxide trapped by the carbon trapping system and introduces the normal-pressure carbon dioxide into a first compressor unit; the carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the first compressor unit is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide after being cooled, and the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by a pressure pump and then stored in a high-pressure storage tank; the first compressor unit is a three-stage compressor;
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide output from the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized by circulating water discharged from a reboiler of the carbon capture system, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide enters a first expansion unit to expand and do work; carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expander of the first expansion unit is heated and warmed so as to increase the total system power in the peak electricity period; after the low-pressure carbon dioxide with energy release is cached, returning to a compression sealing link of the carbon capture system; and returning the hot steam with heat exchange completion to a water supply loop of the turbine unit. The first expansion unit is a four-stage expansion machine.
Optionally, during the valley period, carbon dioxide at an outlet of each stage of the first compressor unit is cooled by cooling water; the compression heat of the first compressor unit is transferred to the cooling water through a heat exchanger, the cooling water enters a reboiler of the carbon capture system to provide heat for an analysis process after being heated by the compression heat, and the cooling water after heat exchange is further cooled and returns to a compressor circulation waterway;
and in the peak electricity period, the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expansion machine of the first expansion unit is heated by the hot steam generated by the turbine unit.
Optionally, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: extracting supercritical carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide sealing cavity from the carbon capture system, heating the supercritical carbon dioxide by a heat exchanger connected with the analysis tower, and then entering a second compressor unit; the supercritical carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the second compressor unit is cooled and then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in a high-pressure storage tank; the second compressor unit is a two-stage compressor;
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized and then enters a second expansion unit to expand and do work so as to increase the total power of the system in the peak electricity period; and the low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide after energy release is cooled and then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide sealing cavity. The second expansion unit is a two-stage expansion machine.
Optionally, in the valley period, the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet position of each stage of compressor of the second compressor unit is cooled by the cooling water in the cold storage water tank; storing the heat storage water into a heat storage water tank;
in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized by the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank.
Optionally, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit comprises: a pure electricity storage mode and an electricity storage and heat storage mode;
in the pure electricity storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system only exchanges energy storage working medium and electric energy with the carbon capture system; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system cools the carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the second compressor unit through an independent circulating waterway and heats the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of the second expansion unit;
in the electricity and heat storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and the carbon capture system exchange heat with the turbine unit on the basis of energy storage working medium and electric energy exchange; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system heats carbon dioxide in an energy release stage by superheated steam generated by the turbine unit in a valley electricity energy storage stage.
Optionally, the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit comprises the following working steps in the pure electricity storage mode:
in the energy storage stage, the cooling water of the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide in the second compressor unit to absorb compressed heat to form heat storage water; then, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit further heats the hot water storage water through a heat exchanger and is stored in the hot water storage tank;
and in the energy release stage, heating the high-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the high-pressure storage tank by using the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank so as to raise the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
Optionally, in the electricity and heat storage mode, the working steps are as follows:
in the energy storage stage, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit heats cooling water in the newly added cold storage water tank through a second heat exchanger so as to change the cooling water into cold storage water; the heat storage water is stored in a newly added heat storage water tank;
in the energy release stage, the heat storage water in the newly added heat storage water tank heats the carbon dioxide in the second expansion unit through a third heat exchanger; the heat accumulating water heats the second expansion unit between the stages of the expansion machines so as to raise the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit is applied to the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, and comprises the following steps: boiler system, carbon capture system, compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and turbine unit.
The peak regulation scheme design and evaluation indexes of the coupling system are as follows:
the design of the peak shaving scheme of the coupling system is considered from two aspects of the energy storage phase target and the energy release phase target of the CCES system. The coupling system can make the boiler in higher load in the peak shaving process after adding the CCES system, and the energy storage and release stage of the CCES system is utilized to absorb and supplement the system load. Based on this, the energy storage and release phase target of the SC-CCES system is determined. In the valley period, the CCES system enters an energy storage stage, and different coupling system output powers are achieved through different boiler loads and different CCES system energy storage capacity combinations, so that the aim of the energy storage stage is fulfilled: optimizing peak shaving performance and increasing peak shaving depth. During the peak power period the CCES system enters a de-energized phase. The energy release stage targets are: the peak power period boiler load is fixed to 100%, and the CCES system energy release stage aims to increase the output power of the coupling system.
Evaluation index: the peak regulation performance of the carbon capture coal-fired unit and the coupling system is developed, one valley electricity period and one peak electricity period are used as a peak regulation period, and the valley electricity time ratio is tau. In the heat efficiency eta of the coal-fired unit system e System and method for controlling a systemEfficiency eta E And on the basis of the system coal consumption rate b (g/kWh), providing performance evaluation indexes of the coupling system peak regulation full-period system, wherein the performance evaluation indexes comprise the full-period thermal efficiency of the coupling system>Full period of coupling system->Efficiency->And coupling system full cycle coal consumption rateCCES system with system round trip efficiency eta RTE And energy density E CCES (kWh/m 3 ) As performance evaluation indexes, the air reservoir volume and the like are used as auxiliary evaluation indexes. The expression of each evaluation index is:
wherein:
η b 、η p : boiler efficiency and pipe efficiency;the energy storage stage is coupled with the output power of the system steam turbine, kW; />The energy release stage is coupled with the output power of the system steam turbine, kW; t is t c : a valley period, h; t is t t : peak electricity period, h; q (Q) 0c : the boiler outputs heat load in the valley period, kJ/h; q (Q) 0t : the boiler outputs heat load in peak electricity period, kJ/h; EQ (EQ) 0c : boiler output heat load in valley period>kJ/h；EQ 0t : peak electric period boiler output heat load +.>kJ/h；B c : coal burning amount in valley period, g/h; b (B) t : peak electricity period coal burning amount, g/h; />Standard coal low-grade heating value, kJ/kg; q net : coal burning low-position heating value, kJ/kg; p (P) in : the total power of the compressor of the CCES system, kW; p (P) out : the total power of the expander of the CCES system, kW; p (P) p : expander outlet pump power, kW; v: high pressure air storage chamber volume, m 3 。
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with a carbon capture coal-fired unit, which comprises the following steps:
the coal is burned through the boiler system, so that a heat load is provided for the steam turbine unit, and meanwhile, smoke is generated; the turbine unit is power generation equipment, high-temperature steam generated by the turbine unit provides required thermal load for the carbon capture system, and redundant electric energy is input into the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system for energy storage in a valley period;
after desulfurization and denitrification treatment, the flue gas enters a carbon trapping system for decarburization treatment; the carbon trapping system traps carbon dioxide in the flue gas and takes the carbon dioxide as a source of carbon dioxide working medium in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system; in the valley period, compressing the carbon dioxide by a compressor unit to obtain high-pressure carbon dioxide so as to store redundant electric energy of the turbine unit; in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure carbon dioxide is turbine through an expansion unit to output electric energy, and the expansion unit and the turbine unit jointly do work to generate electricity;
and the coupling system with the turbine unit, the boiler system, the carbon capture system and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system is divided into: the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, and the supercritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit.
According to the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, carbon dioxide captured by the coal-fired unit can be effectively used as a working medium of a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system, the carbon dioxide returns to the capture flow after the CCES system releases energy to generate electricity, and meanwhile, the deep coupling of the coal-fired unit, the carbon capture system and the CCES system is realized through comprehensive utilization of heat energy. The energy storage and release process of the CCES system is matched with the peak shaving process of the coal-fired unit, so that the aims of optimizing the peak shaving capacity of the coal-fired unit and increasing the peak shaving depth are achieved.
2. The coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit of the transcritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the invention comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: the carbon dioxide energy storage system enters an energy storage stage, and the carbon dioxide energy storage system extracts normal-pressure carbon dioxide trapped by the carbon trapping system and introduces the normal-pressure carbon dioxide into a first compressor unit; the carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the first compressor unit is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide after being cooled, and the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by a pressure pump and then stored in a high-pressure storage tank; the first compressor unit is a three-stage compressor;
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide output from the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized by circulating water discharged from a reboiler of the carbon capture system, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide enters a first expansion unit to expand and do work; carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expander of the first expansion unit is heated and warmed so as to increase the total system power in the peak electricity period; after the low-pressure carbon dioxide with energy release is cached, returning to a compression sealing link of the carbon capture system; and returning the hot steam with heat exchange completion to a water supply loop of the turbine unit. The first expansion unit is a four-stage expansion machine.
In the invention, in the operation period of the power plant, the carbon capture coal-fired unit continuously works, the power plant changes the boiler load according to the power grid demand, and then the output power of the coal-fired unit is changed to reach the peak regulation demand. In addition, in the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit system, carbon dioxide of the supercritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is sourced from the carbon capture system, and when the CCES system is in an energy storage stage, the carbon dioxide separated by the carbon capture system is completely used for the CCES system, so that the CCES system and the carbon capture system share one set of compressor, and the equipment investment can be effectively reduced.
3. According to the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system coupling carbon capture coal-fired unit, carbon dioxide at the outlet of each stage of compressor of the first compressor unit is cooled by cooling water in the valley period; the compression heat of the first compressor unit is transferred to the cooling water through a heat exchanger, the cooling water enters a reboiler of the carbon capture system to provide heat for an analysis process after being heated by the compression heat, and the cooling water after heat exchange is further cooled and returns to a compressor circulation waterway; and in the peak electricity period, the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expansion machine of the first expansion unit is heated by the hot steam generated by the turbine unit.
By the energy recovery method, carbon dioxide at the inlet of each stage of expansion machine of the first expansion unit can be effectively heated by hot steam generated by the turbine unit, and the total power of the system is increased. And the peak regulation and down regulation depth of the system is increased by storing partial valley electricity of the coal-fired unit in the energy storage stage of the CCES system, and the peak electricity period coupling system output power is increased by the energy release stage of the CCES system, so that the peak regulation and up regulation height of the system is increased.
4. The invention provides a supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupling carbon capture coal-fired unit, which comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: extracting supercritical carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide sealing cavity from the carbon capture system, heating the supercritical carbon dioxide by a heat exchanger connected with the analysis tower, and then entering a second compressor unit; the supercritical carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the second compressor unit is cooled and then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in a high-pressure storage tank; the second compressor unit is a two-stage compressor;
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized and then enters a second expansion unit to expand and do work so as to increase the total power of the system in the peak electricity period; and the low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide after energy release is cooled and then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide sealing cavity. The second expansion unit is a two-stage expansion machine.
In the invention, during the operation of the power plant, the carbon capture coal-fired unit continuously works, and the power plant changes the boiler load according to the power grid demand, so that the output power of the coal-fired unit is changed to meet the peak regulation demand. The carbon dioxide working medium of the supercritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is sourced from a carbon dioxide storage device, and is required to be heated to a supercritical state before entering a compressor of an SC-CCES system, and the heat is sourced from a mixture of normal pressure CO2 and water vapor with the temperature of about 105 ℃ output by an analysis tower in a carbon capture system. The SC-CCES system is a two-stage compression and two-stage expansion, and is cooled and reheated between stages.
5. In the electricity-off period, supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet position of each stage of compressor of the second compressor unit is cooled by cooling water in a cold storage water tank; storing the heat storage water into a heat storage water tank; in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized by the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank.
Through the energy recovery method, the SC-CCES system can enter an energy release stage in the peak electricity period, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank is heated and vaporized by the heat storage water and then enters the secondary expander to expand and do work, so that the total power generation of the peak electricity period coupling system is increased. And the supercritical carbon dioxide after the energy release is cooled and liquefied and then returns to the sealing place of the carbon trapping system.
6. The invention provides a supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupling carbon capturing coal-fired unit, which comprises: a pure electricity storage mode and an electricity storage and heat storage mode;
in the pure electricity storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system only exchanges energy storage working medium and electric energy with the carbon capture system; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system cools the carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the second compressor unit through an independent circulating waterway and heats the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of the second expansion unit;
in the electricity and heat storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and the carbon capture system exchange heat with the turbine unit on the basis of energy storage working medium and electric energy exchange; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system heats carbon dioxide in an energy release stage by superheated steam generated by the turbine unit in a valley electricity energy storage stage.
In the invention, two modes of coupling the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with carbon capture and heat storage of the coal-fired unit system exist, namely, steam turbine steam is extracted in the energy storage stage of the SC-CCES system and used for heating heat storage water which absorbs compression heat of the SC-CCES system, the heat storage water is heated and stored in the heat storage tank, and liquid CO2 output by the high-pressure heat storage tank is heated and gasified in the energy release stage of the SC-CCES system, so that the aim of further improving the temperature of carbon dioxide entering an expander is fulfilled. And extracting steam of a steam turbine in an energy storage stage of the SC-CCES system, heating the heat storage water, storing the heated heat storage water into a heat storage tank, and heating carbon dioxide at an outlet of the first-stage expander in an energy release stage of the SC-CCES system.
7. In the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupling carbon capturing coal-fired unit system, in the pure electricity storage mode, the working steps are as follows:
in the energy storage stage, the cooling water of the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide in the second compressor unit to absorb compressed heat to form heat storage water; then, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit further heats the hot water storage water through a heat exchanger and is stored in the hot water storage tank;
and in the energy release stage, heating the high-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the high-pressure storage tank by using the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank so as to raise the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
In the invention, the method can be effectively realized: in the energy release stage, the heat storage water is used for heating the high-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the high-pressure storage tank, so that the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide is increased, and the working capacity in the expander is enhanced.
8. In the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupling carbon capturing coal-fired unit system, in the electricity and heat storage mode, the working steps are as follows:
in the energy storage stage, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit heats cooling water in the newly added cold storage water tank through a second heat exchanger so as to change the cooling water into cold storage water; the heat storage water is stored in a newly added heat storage water tank;
in the energy release stage, the heat storage water in the newly added heat storage water tank heats the carbon dioxide in the second expansion unit through a third heat exchanger; the heat accumulating water heats the second expansion unit between the stages of the expansion machines so as to raise the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
In the invention, the SC-CCES system heat accumulating water circulation is added with two heat exchangers, a heat accumulating water tank and a cold accumulating water tank. And in the energy storage stage, the superheated steam is utilized to heat the cooling water of the newly added cold storage water tank, and the heat storage water after heat exchange is stored in the newly added heat storage water tank. In the energy release stage, the heat storage water is used for heating the carbon dioxide between the stages of the expander, and the aim is to raise the temperature of the carbon dioxide and enhance the working capacity in the expander.
9. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit is applied to the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit. Therefore, all the advantages of the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method are possessed.
In the scheme disclosed by the invention, the method has the following advantages:
the coupling scheme design of the CCES system and the carbon capture coal-fired unit under various carbon dioxide working conditions and various energy storage modes is considered.
In the design of a transcritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit system, a CCES system and a carbon capture system share a set of compressor units so as to reduce equipment investment.
In the design of the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit system, the energy storage system takes carbon dioxide captured by the coal-fired unit as a working medium of a CCES system, and the carbon dioxide returns to the capture flow after energy release and power generation of the CCES system, so that a low-pressure gas reservoir of the CCES system is canceled, and the CCES system becomes open circulation.
Through design and optimization of the coupling system, the energy, especially the heat energy, is utilized more reasonably, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and unnecessary energy loss is reduced. The vaporization heat source of the carbon dioxide at the inlet of the compressor is selected as the residual heat of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the desorption tower of the carbon capture system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit of the transcritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit of the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat storage cycle structure of a system for increasing the initial temperature of energy release by heat storage in a pure electricity storage mode;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a heat storage cycle structure of a system for storing heat for interstage reheating of an expansion unit in a power storage and heat storage mode.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a first compressor unit; 2-a pressure pump; 3-a high pressure storage tank; 4-reboiler; 5-a first expansion unit; 6-a carbon dioxide sealing cavity; 7-a resolving tower; 8-a second compressor unit; 9-a second expansion unit; 10-a cold accumulation water tank; 11-a heat storage water tank; 12-a first heat exchanger; 13-a second heat exchanger; 14-adding a cold accumulation water tank; 15-adding a heat storage water tank; 16-a third heat exchanger; 17-absorption tower.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
A compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit is described, comprising: boiler system, carbon capture system, compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and turbine unit.
The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
the coal is burned through the boiler system, so that a heat load is provided for the steam turbine unit, and meanwhile, smoke is generated; the turbine unit is power generation equipment, high-temperature steam generated by the turbine unit provides required thermal load for the carbon capture system, and redundant electric energy is input into the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system for energy storage in a valley period;
after desulfurization and denitrification treatment, the flue gas enters a carbon trapping system for decarburization treatment; the carbon trapping system traps carbon dioxide in the flue gas and takes the carbon dioxide as a source of carbon dioxide working medium in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system; in the valley period, compressing the carbon dioxide by a compressor unit to obtain high-pressure carbon dioxide so as to store redundant electric energy of the turbine unit; in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure carbon dioxide is turbine through an expansion unit to output electric energy, and the expansion unit and the turbine unit jointly do work to generate electricity;
and the coupling system with the turbine unit, the boiler system, the carbon capture system and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system is divided into: the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, and the supercritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit.
In this embodiment, the transcritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit as shown in fig. 2 comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: the carbon dioxide energy storage system enters an energy storage stage, and the carbon dioxide energy storage system extracts normal-pressure carbon dioxide trapped by the carbon trapping system and introduces the normal-pressure carbon dioxide into the first compressor unit 1; the carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the first compressor unit 1 is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide after being cooled, and the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by the pressure pump 2 and then stored into the high-pressure storage tank 3; in the valley period, the carbon dioxide at the outlet of each stage of compressor of the first compressor unit 1 is cooled by cooling water; the compression heat of the first compressor unit 1 is transferred to the cooling water through a heat exchanger, the cooling water enters a reboiler 4 of the carbon capture system to provide heat for the desorption process after being heated by the compression heat, and the cooling water after heat exchange is further cooled and returns to a compressor circulation waterway;
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide output in the high-pressure storage tank 3 is heated and vaporized by circulating water discharged by a reboiler 4 of the carbon capture system, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide enters a first expansion unit 5 to expand and do work; the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expander of the first expander unit 5 is heated and warmed to increase the total system power in the peak electricity period; after the low-pressure carbon dioxide with energy release is cached, returning to a compression sealing link of the carbon capture system; and returning the hot steam with heat exchange completion to a water supply loop of the turbine unit. In the peak electricity period, the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expansion machine of the first expansion unit 5 is heated by the hot steam generated by the turbine unit.
In this embodiment, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit as shown in fig. 3 comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: extracting supercritical carbon dioxide from the carbon capture system in a carbon dioxide sealing cavity 6, heating the supercritical carbon dioxide by a heat exchanger connected with an analysis tower 7, and then entering a second compressor unit 8; the supercritical carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the second compressor unit 8 is cooled and then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the high-pressure storage tank 3; in the valley period, the supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet position of each stage of compressor of the second compressor unit 8 is cooled by the cooling water in the cold storage water tank 10; the heat accumulating water is stored in the heat accumulating water tank 11;
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank 3 is heated and vaporized and then enters the second expansion unit 9 to expand and do work so as to increase the total power of the system in the peak electricity period; the low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide after energy release is cooled and liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide sealing cavity 6. In the above peak power period, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure tank 3 is heated and vaporized by the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank 11.
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled carbon capture coal-fired unit includes: a pure electricity storage mode and an electricity storage and heat storage mode;
in the pure electricity storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system only exchanges energy storage working medium and electric energy with the carbon capture system; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system cools the carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the second compressor unit 8 and heats the carbon dioxide at the inlet position of the second expansion unit 9 through independent circulating waterways respectively;
in the electricity and heat storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and the carbon capture system exchange heat with the turbine unit on the basis of energy storage working medium and electric energy exchange; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system heats carbon dioxide in an energy release stage by superheated steam generated by the turbine unit in a valley electricity energy storage stage.
In the pure power storage mode, as shown in fig. 4, the working steps are as follows:
in the energy storage stage, the cooling water of the first heat exchanger 12 exchanges heat with the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide in the second compressor unit 8 to absorb compressed heat to form heat storage water; then, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit further heats the heat storage water through a heat exchanger and stores the heated water in the heat storage water tank 11;
in the energy release stage, the high-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the high-pressure storage tank 3 is heated by the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank 11 so as to raise the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
In the electricity and heat storage mode, as shown in fig. 5, the working steps are as follows:
in the energy storage stage, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit heats the cooling water in the newly added cold-storage water tank 14 through the second heat exchanger 13 so as to change the cooling water into cold-storage water; the heat storage water is stored in a newly added heat storage water tank 15;
in the energy release stage, the heat storage water in the newly added heat storage water tank 15 heats the carbon dioxide in the second expansion unit 9 through the third heat exchanger 16; the heat accumulating water heats the second expansion unit 9 between the stages of the expansion machines to raise the temperature of the high pressure carbon dioxide.
Of course, the number of stages of the first compressor unit 1 and the cooling medium are not particularly limited in this embodiment. In other embodiments, the first compressor element 1 may be 2 stages or more than 3 stages, and is not particularly limited. In addition, the compression heat of the first compressor unit 1 may be transferred to a cooling medium other than the cooling water through the heat exchanger.
Of course, the number of stages of the second compressor unit 8 and the cooling medium are not particularly limited in this embodiment. In other embodiments, the second compressor unit 8 may also be 3 stages or more, and is not particularly limited. The supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of each stage of the compressor of the second compressor string 8 may also be cooled by a medium other than cooling water.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the coal is burned through the boiler system, so that a heat load is provided for the steam turbine unit, and meanwhile, smoke is generated; the turbine unit is power generation equipment, high-temperature steam generated by the turbine unit provides required thermal load for the carbon capture system, and redundant electric energy is input into the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system for energy storage in a valley period;
after desulfurization and denitrification treatment, the flue gas enters a carbon trapping system for decarburization treatment; the carbon trapping system traps carbon dioxide in the flue gas and takes the carbon dioxide as a source of carbon dioxide working medium in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system; in the valley period, compressing the carbon dioxide by a compressor unit to obtain high-pressure carbon dioxide so as to store redundant electric energy of the turbine unit; in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure carbon dioxide is turbine through an expansion unit to output electric energy, and the expansion unit and the turbine unit jointly do work to generate electricity;
and the coupling system with the turbine unit, the boiler system, the carbon capture system and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system is divided into: the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit, and the supercritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is coupled with the carbon capture coal-fired unit.
2. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit of claim 1, wherein the transcritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled to the carbon capture coal-fired unit comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: the carbon dioxide energy storage system enters an energy storage stage, and the carbon dioxide energy storage system extracts normal-pressure carbon dioxide trapped by the carbon trapping system and introduces the normal-pressure carbon dioxide into a first compressor unit (1); the carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the first compressor unit (1) is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide after being cooled, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in a high-pressure storage tank (3) after being pressurized by a pressure pump (2);
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide output in the high-pressure storage tank (3) is heated and vaporized by circulating water discharged by a reboiler (4) of the carbon capture system, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide enters a first expansion unit (5) to expand and do work; carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expander of the first expansion unit (5) is heated to raise the temperature so as to increase the total power of the system in the peak electricity period; after the low-pressure carbon dioxide with energy release is cached, returning to a compression sealing link of the carbon capture system; and returning the hot steam subjected to heat exchange to a water supply loop of the turbine unit.
3. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit according to claim 2, wherein during the valley period, each stage compressor outlet carbon dioxide of the first compressor unit (1) is cooled by cooling water; the compression heat of the first compressor unit (1) is transferred to the cooling water through a heat exchanger, the cooling water is heated by the compression heat and then enters a reboiler (4) of the carbon capture system to provide heat for the analysis process, and the cooling water after heat exchange is further cooled and then returns to a compressor circulation water path;
in the peak electricity period, carbon dioxide at the inlet position of each stage of expansion machine of the first expansion unit (5) is heated by hot steam generated by the turbine unit.
4. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit of claim 1, wherein the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled to the carbon capture coal-fired unit comprises the following working steps:
in the valley period, the energy storage steps are as follows: extracting supercritical carbon dioxide from the carbon capture system in a carbon dioxide sealing cavity (6), heating the supercritical carbon dioxide by a heat exchanger connected with a resolving tower (7), and then entering a second compressor unit (8); the supercritical carbon dioxide at the final-stage outlet position of the second compressor unit (8) is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide after being cooled, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the high-pressure storage tank (3);
the energy release step in the peak electricity period is as follows: the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank (3) is heated and vaporized and then enters a second expansion unit (9) to expand and do work so as to increase the total power of the system in the peak electricity period; the low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide with the energy release end is liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide after being cooled, and the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the carbon dioxide sealing cavity (6).
5. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit according to claim 4, wherein during the valley period, supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet position of each stage of compressor of the second compressor unit (8) is cooled by cooling water in a cold storage water tank (10); the heat storage water is stored in a heat storage water tank (11);
in the peak electricity period, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the high-pressure storage tank (3) is heated and vaporized by the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank (11).
6. The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit of claim 5, wherein the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system couples to a carbon capture coal-fired unit comprising: a pure electricity storage mode and an electricity storage and heat storage mode;
in the pure electricity storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system only exchanges energy storage working medium and electric energy with the carbon capture system; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system cools carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the second compressor unit (8) and heats carbon dioxide at the inlet position of the second expansion unit (9) through independent circulating waterways respectively;
in the electricity and heat storage mode, the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and the carbon capture system exchange heat with the turbine unit on the basis of energy storage working medium and electric energy exchange; the supercritical compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system heats carbon dioxide in an energy release stage by superheated steam generated by the turbine unit in a valley electricity energy storage stage.
7. The method of storing compressed carbon dioxide coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit of claim 6, wherein in the pure electricity storage mode, the operating steps are:
in the energy storage stage, the cooling water of the first heat exchanger (12) exchanges heat with the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide in the second compressor unit (8) to absorb compressed heat to form heat storage water; then, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit further heats the heat storage water through a heat exchanger and is stored in the heat storage water tank (11);
in the energy release stage, the high-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet position of the high-pressure storage tank (3) is heated by the heat storage water in the heat storage water tank (11) so as to raise the temperature of the high-pressure carbon dioxide.
8. The method of storing compressed carbon dioxide coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit of claim 6, wherein in the electricity and heat storage mode, the steps of:
in the energy storage stage, the superheated steam generated by the steam turbine unit heats cooling water in a newly added cold storage water tank (14) through a second heat exchanger (13) so as to change the cooling water into cold storage water; the heat storage water is stored in a newly added heat storage water tank (15);
in the energy release stage, the heat storage water in the newly added heat storage water tank (15) heats the carbon dioxide in the second expansion unit (9) through a third heat exchanger (16); the heat accumulating water heats the second expansion unit (9) between the stages of the expansion machines to raise the temperature of the high pressure carbon dioxide.
9. A compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit for use in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage method coupled to a carbon capture coal-fired unit of any of claims 1 to 8, comprising: boiler system, carbon capture system, compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and turbine unit.
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