CN117700777B - Ultrasonic temperature measurement gel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrasonic temperature measurement gel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117700777B CN117700777B CN202410166002.1A CN202410166002A CN117700777B CN 117700777 B CN117700777 B CN 117700777B CN 202410166002 A CN202410166002 A CN 202410166002A CN 117700777 B CN117700777 B CN 117700777B
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: step 1: placing agar with mass fraction of 1-4% and cellulose with mass fraction of 0.5-2% into water, stirring and dispersing at room temperature at a rotating speed of 50-200 per minute to obtain a mixture; step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling, and keeping boiling for 5-10 minutes; step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 50-80 ℃, adding 5-15% of glycerol and 5-10% of ethanol by volume fraction, and uniformly stirring; step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to enable the gel to be molded within 10-30 min; step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 10-60min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel. The ultrasonic temperature measurement gel provided by the invention is closer to human tissues in acoustic characteristics such as sound velocity and acoustic impedance, and speckle noise is more similar to human tissues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite gel, in particular to an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ultrasonic nondestructive temperature measurement is a part of acoustic temperature measurement, and is a novel technology for measuring the tiny change of the internal temperature of biological tissues by utilizing the scattered sound power change caused by the change of the scattering coefficient and the sound velocity of the biological tissues along with the temperature change. Specifically, it is necessary to continuously monitor an ultrasonic image of a biological tissue, analyze a local change in brightness in the ultrasonic image frame by using a correlation algorithm, calculate a change in sound velocity of the local part from the change, and finally convert the change into a change in temperature. Among them, it is preferable to monitor speckle noise in an ultrasound image. Speckle noise, also known as speckle noise, is widely present in ultrasound images of rough interfaces inside objects, and is essentially the interference of ultrasound waves inside objects. Speckle noise is very common in biological tissues, and the particle appearance is favorable for analysis by related algorithms, so that the speckle noise is a good observation object.
The ultrasonic temperature measurement gel is a material applied to the research of the ultrasonic nondestructive temperature measurement technology. However, the existing ultrasonic temperature measurement gel still has limitations and limitations in noise, bubble artifacts, acoustic characteristic simulation, safety, durability and the like. For example, josequin Foiret et al propose an agar gel for ultrasonic temperature measurement technology, wherein light milk is added to simulate the sound velocity of human tissues, graphite is added to increase speckle noise, but graphite non-polar substances are not easy to disperse in the polysaccharide hydrogel, a surfactant is required to be additionally added, and after light milk components are added, the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel is easy to spoil; chen Sai et al propose an agar gel which mimics the acoustic properties of human tissue, wherein glycerol is added to mimic human tissue sound velocity and silica is added to mimic human tissue sound attenuation, and the study also mentions that the final product becomes a hard gel at agarose concentrations above 4%, which does not meet the purpose of mimicking soft human tissue, so that agar concentrations below 4% should be selected; ernest l, madse et al propose an ultrasonic thermometric gel using gelatin, n-propanol and graphite, wherein gelatin has a similar effect to agar, gelatin gels of the same concentration are generally harder than agar gels, whereas n-propanol has an effect of mimicking the speed of sound of human tissue, with no significant difference from ethanol in this application case.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects, the invention provides the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel and the preparation method thereof, so as to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel which has good effect of simulating biological tissue speckle noise, has no obvious bubbles inside, can simulate acoustic characteristics of human tissue sound velocity, sound attenuation and the like, and has safety and durability.
The technical scheme is as follows: a preparation method of ultrasonic temperature measurement gel comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing agar with mass fraction of 1-4% and cellulose with mass fraction of 0.5-2% into water, stirring and dispersing at room temperature at a rotating speed of 50-200 per minute to obtain a mixture;
step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling, and keeping boiling for 5-10 minutes;
step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 50-80 ℃, adding 5-15% of glycerol and 5-10% of ethanol by volume fraction, and uniformly stirring;
step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to enable the gel to be molded within 10-30 min;
step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 10-60min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
Specifically, in the step 1, the agar is powder with the strength of 1000-1800g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cellulose is powder with the particle size of 10-50 μm.
More specifically, the agar has a strength of 1200-1400g/cm 3 The particle size of the cellulose is 20-30 mu m.
Specifically, the water is purified water, distilled water, deionized water or tap water, and the water accounts for 75-90% of the volume of the gel liquid.
Specifically, the mass fraction of the agar is 1-3%, the mass fraction of the cellulose is 0.8% -1.5%, and the rotating speed per minute is 100-160.
Specifically, in the step 3, the volume fraction of the glycerol is 8-10%, and the volume fraction of the ethanol is 7-10%.
Specifically, in the step 3, after the mixed solution is cooled to a set temperature, 5-15% of glycerin, 5-10% of ethanol and 0.05-0.2% of benzyl alcohol are added and stirred uniformly.
More specifically, the volume fraction of benzyl alcohol is 0.06-0.1%.
Specifically, in the step 3, the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 is cooled to 70-75 ℃.
The invention also provides an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the temperature measurement gel in the prior art, the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel prepared by the invention is closer to human tissues in acoustic characteristics such as sound velocity and acoustic impedance, speckle noise is more similar to human tissues, the effect of simulating biological tissue speckle noise is good, no obvious bubbles exist in the gel, and the gel has safety and durability. In addition, the preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel has the advantages of convenience in preparation, green process and low equipment requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the ultrasonic thermometry gel preparation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used in the examples which follow, are not specifically described and are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
The preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel disclosed by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing agar with mass fraction of 1-4% and cellulose with mass fraction of 0.5-2% into water, stirring and dispersing at 50-200rpm under room temperature to obtain mixture;
wherein the mass fraction is calculated by w/v, w represents mass, and v represents volume; illustratively, agar with a mass fraction of 2% represents agar with a mass of 2g in 100ml of the mixture. rpm represents the rpm;
in the invention, the fat density of the human body is approximately 0.99-0.995, and the density of other soft tissues of the human body is approximately 1.02-1.05. The density of the agar gel with the mass fraction of 1-4% is approximately 1-1.3, so that the agar gel can be more similar to the soft tissue of a human body, and the addition of a proper amount of ethanol is more beneficial to reducing the density of the agar gel so as to further enable the gel density to be more similar to the soft tissue of the human body.
In the invention, the agar is powder with the strength of 1000-1800g/cm 3 Preferably 1200-1400g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cellulose is in the form of powder with a particle size of 10-50 μm, preferably 20-30. Mu.m. In the invention, the higher the strength of the agar is, the softer the obtained gel is, the higher the viscosity is, and on the contrary, the harder and brittle is; the agar with the strength in the range is selected for the quality of the gel finished product, the sound velocity is closer to the human tissue and is more economical, and the agar with the mass fraction range and the strength range is selected for the purpose that the gel stent taking the agar as the gel can generate certain strengthThe degree is used for supporting the self and is not too hard. In the invention, the larger the particle size of cellulose, the more obvious the speckle noise particles of the obtained gel finished product are, but the more easy the precipitation is, so that the noise is unevenly distributed, and the cellulose with the mass fraction range is selected to ensure that the obtained gel generates enough obvious speckle noise and is not too strong; the purpose of using the cellulose with the particle size is to avoid the problems of uneven dispersion and overlarge speckle noise particle feel caused by the fact that the cellulose is easy to be settled in gel due to overlarge particle size, and the cellulose with the particle size of more than 10 mu m is easy to obtain and has lower cost.
Further, with the improvement of the mass fraction of the selected agar, the polysaccharide polymer network formed in the finally obtained ultrasonic temperature measurement gel is denser, and the stacking effect of the polysaccharide polymer is stronger than the crosslinking effect until the mass fraction reaches 4%, so that a hard and brittle gel is formed. Dense and highly crosslinked polymer networks are advantageous for supporting cellulose of greater mass fraction or higher particle size, therefore, the mass fraction of agar is preferably 1-3%, and the mass fraction of cellulose is preferably 0.8% -1.5%.
In the present invention, the rotation speed per minute is preferably 100 to 160rpm, most preferably 120rpm, and the specific use is in relation to the actual production use, and there is no particular influence on the process.
In the invention, the water can be purified water, distilled water, deionized water or tap water, preferably distilled water or deionized water; the specific water content is as follows: the gel mixture is prepared by taking the volume of gel liquid to be composed of deionized water, glycerol and ethanol, wherein water accounts for 75-90% of the volume of the gel liquid, for example, 1g of agar, 1g of cellulose, 5% of glycerol and 5% of ethanol are needed for preparing 100ml of gel mixture, and 1g of agar, 1g of cellulose, 5ml of glycerol, 5ml of ethanol and 90ml of deionized water are needed; wherein the volume fraction is calculated by v/v, and exemplarily, glycerin with a volume fraction of 5% represents 5ml of glycerin in 100ml of the mixed solution.
Step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling, and keeping boiling for 5-10 minutes;
in the invention, after heating and keeping boiling for a certain time, the powder in the mixture is gradually dissolved to obtain a mixed solution. Specifically, the heating temperature can be set to 100-120 ℃, and generally, the mixture starts to boil at 97-105 ℃ under normal pressure, and the specific ambient pressure and the actual production heating equipment are slightly different; the boiling time is not too long to cause the cellulose to be coked, or too short to cause the dissolved gas (generally dissolved oxygen) in the mixed solution to be discharged as much as possible, so that the finally obtained gel can observe tiny noise points formed by bubbles in an ultrasonic image, and therefore, the invention chooses to keep boiling for 5-10 minutes.
Step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 50-80 ℃, adding 5-15% of glycerol, 5-10% of ethanol and 0.05-0.2% of benzyl alcohol in volume fraction, and uniformly stirring;
in the invention, the volume fraction of glycerin is preferably 8-10%, the volume fraction of ethanol is preferably 7-10%, and the volume fraction of benzyl alcohol is preferably 0.06-0.1%.
Among them, benzyl alcohol mainly has antibacterial and antifungal effects, so benzyl alcohol is not necessarily added in the invention, and the benzyl alcohol can be preferably added in the invention; the temperature to which the cooling is carried out is preferably 70-75 ℃, the purpose of this temperature interval is to reduce the time required for cooling from the temperature of step 2 to the aforementioned temperature, without volatilizing the ethanol and benzyl alcohol due to excessive temperatures. The purpose of adding ethanol and benzyl alcohol after cooling is to prevent evaporation of ethanol and benzyl alcohol in boiling process, so that the volume fractions of ethanol and benzyl alcohol are uncontrollably changed; the purpose of adding glycerol after cooling is to avoid the difficulty in exhausting dissolved gases in the mixed liquor that may result from the addition of glycerol during the boiling degassing stage of step 2.
Step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to enable the gel to be molded within 10-30 min;
wherein the temperature required for rapid cooling does not have a significant effect on the process, and varies significantly with the size of the gel actually produced. The temperature range of 4-10 ℃ is selected so as not to generate ice crystals in water in the gel, and enough temperature difference can be provided so as to enable the temperature of the gel to be reduced as soon as possible, thereby enabling the gel to be formed by coagulation acceleration. The purpose of the rapid cooling is to make the agar gel and change from mixed liquid to gel as soon as possible, reduce the precipitation of cellulose in the mixed liquid, and prevent the maldistribution of cellulose in the final product, namely ultrasonic temperature measurement gel. This can lead to speckle noise of the final product, i.e. the ultrasound thermometric gel, displaying different brightness at different locations on the ultrasound image, which is not conducive to the use of ultrasound thermometry techniques. For example, ultrasonic thermometry techniques include removing speckle noise using algorithms that only preserve the speckle noise variation from frame to frame, and uneven speckle ultrasound may cause the algorithm to fail to achieve the desired processing results.
In the invention, a silica gel mold is adopted as the mold.
Step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 10-60min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
In the present invention, this step can wash out the mixed solution or benzyl alcohol which may remain on the gel surface.
Examples
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the agar with the mass fraction of 1% and the cellulose with the mass fraction of 0.8% are put into deionized water, and stirred and dispersed at the speed of 120rpm under the condition of room temperature to obtain a mixture; wherein the agar is powder with strength of 1200g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cellulose is powder with the particle size of 10 mu m; the deionized water accounts for 85% of the gel liquid volume calculated by the gel liquid volume consisting of deionized water, glycerol and ethanol;
step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling in an environment with the indoor air pressure of one atmosphere, and keeping boiling for 5 minutes; wherein the boiling temperature is 97-100 ℃.
Step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 75 ℃, adding glycerol with the volume fraction of 8%, ethanol with the volume fraction of 7% and benzyl alcohol with the volume fraction of 0.05%, and uniformly stirring;
step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to form gel in a set time;
step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 30min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
Examples
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel of another embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing agar with the mass fraction of 2% and cellulose with the mass fraction of 1% into deionized water, and stirring and dispersing at the speed of 120rpm under the condition of room temperature to obtain a mixture; wherein the agar is powder with strength of 1400g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cellulose is powder with particle diameter of 20 μm; the deionized water accounts for 82% of the gel liquid volume calculated by the gel liquid volume consisting of deionized water, glycerol and ethanol;
step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling in an environment with the indoor air pressure of one atmosphere, and keeping boiling for 8 minutes; wherein the boiling temperature is 97-103 ℃.
Step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 70 ℃, adding 10% glycerol in volume fraction, 8% ethanol in volume fraction and 0.08% benzyl alcohol in volume fraction, and uniformly stirring;
step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to form gel in a set time;
step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 40min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
Examples
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel of another embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing agar with the mass fraction of 3% and cellulose with the mass fraction of 1.5% into deionized water, and stirring and dispersing at the speed of 140rpm under the condition of room temperature to obtain a mixture; wherein the agar is powder with strength of 1400g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cellulose is powder with the particle size of 30 μm; the deionized water accounts for 80 percent of the volume of the gel liquid based on the volume of the gel liquid and is composed of deionized water, glycerol and ethanol;
step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling in an environment with the indoor air pressure of one atmosphere, and keeping boiling for 10 minutes; wherein the boiling temperature is 98-105 ℃.
Step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 75 ℃, adding 10% glycerol in volume fraction, 10% ethanol in volume fraction and 0.1% benzyl alcohol in volume fraction, and uniformly stirring;
step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to form gel in a set time;
step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 60min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
The invention also provides an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel, which is prepared based on the preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
The ultrasonic temperature measurement gel prepared by the invention takes agar as a gel bracket, uses cellulose to generate speckle noise, uses ethanol and glycerol to improve gel sound velocity and slightly improve sound attenuation, realizes the simulation of relevant acoustic characteristics of human tissues, and provides a proper model for the research of ultrasonic nondestructive temperature measurement technology. The agar is used as a gel bracket, has the advantages of convenient operation, low cost, long shelf life and the like, and the sound velocity is close to that of human soft tissues, so that the agar is easy to adjust. The cellulose is used for generating speckle noise, compared with graphite, the particle size of the cellulose is generally smaller, so that the generated speckle noise is finer and more similar to the acoustic characteristics of human soft tissues, and the cellulose can be well soaked in a polar system, namely, the cellulose is well dispersed in agar.
The glycerol and the ethanol have the function of adjusting the sound velocity of the gel, and meanwhile, the glycerol also has the function of softening the gel, so that the gel is more similar to human skin in touch sense, and is more easily matched with an arc-shaped ultrasonic probe commonly seen in the market, and the glycerol can be better attached, so that bubbles possibly existing on the contact surface of the glycerol and the ethanol are fewer, and the ultrasonic couplant is required to be used, and in an ultrasonic image, the acoustic reflection of a front field, namely irrelevant bright spots, is fewer; the glycerol also has the function of ensuring that cellulose in the gel is not easy to settle and keeping good dispersion; the ethanol not only can adjust the gel density, but also has the functions of resisting bacteria and mold. Meanwhile, the surface of the finally obtained ultrasonic temperature-measuring gel is more elastic than the surface of the existing gel by adding the glycerol and the ethanol, so that the gel is less prone to fragmentation than the existing gel.
Compared with the temperature measurement gel in the prior art, the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel provided by the invention is closer to human tissues in acoustic characteristics such as sound velocity and acoustic impedance, and speckle noise is more similar to human tissues. The average sound velocity of human tissue is 1540m/s, and the average acoustic impedance is about 0.15 Pa.s/m 3 . The ultrasonic temperature measurement gel prepared by the invention has the sound velocity range of 1491.72m/s-1570.30m/s and the acoustic impedance range of 0.147-0.156 Pa.s/m 3 . Whereas the sound velocity of the pure agar gel is 1460m/s and the acoustic impedance is 2.62 Pa.s/m 3 . Compared with the existing temperature measurement gel, the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel prepared by the invention has better effect, has the acoustic characteristics similar to human tissues, has good effect of simulating biological tissue speckle noise, has no obvious bubbles inside, and has safety and durability. In addition, the preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel has the advantages of convenience in preparation, green process and low equipment requirement.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various equivalent changes (such as number, shape, position, etc.) may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and these equivalent changes all fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing agar with mass fraction of 1-4% and cellulose with mass fraction of 0.5-2% into water, stirring and dispersing at room temperature at a rotating speed of 50-200 per minute to obtain a mixture;
step 2: heating the mixture obtained in the step 1 to boiling, and keeping boiling for 5-10 minutes;
step 3: cooling the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 to 50-80 ℃, adding 5-15% of glycerol and 5-10% of ethanol by volume fraction, and uniformly stirring;
step 4: pouring the mixed solution obtained in the step 3 into a prefabricated mold, and placing the mold in an environment of 4-10 ℃ for rapid cooling to enable the gel to be molded within 10-30 min;
step 5: washing the gel obtained in the step 4 by deionized water, and soaking for 10-60min to obtain the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel.
2. The method for preparing an ultrasonic thermometric gel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the agar is powder with the strength of 1000-1800g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cellulose is powder with the particle size of 10-50 μm.
3. The method for preparing an ultrasonic thermometric gel according to claim 2, wherein the strength of the agar is 1200-1400g/cm 3 The particle size of the cellulose is 20-30 mu m.
4. The method for preparing the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel according to claim 1, wherein the water is purified water, distilled water, deionized water or tap water, and the water accounts for 75-90% of the volume of the gel liquid.
5. The method for preparing the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the agar is 1-3%, the mass fraction of the cellulose is 0.8% -1.5%, and the rotating speed per minute is 100-160.
6. The method for preparing an ultrasonic thermometric gel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the volume fraction of the glycerin is 8-10% and the volume fraction of the ethanol is 7-10%.
7. The method for preparing an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, after the mixed solution is cooled to a set temperature, 5-15% by volume of glycerin, 5-10% by volume of ethanol and 0.05-0.2% by volume of benzyl alcohol are added and stirred uniformly.
8. The method for preparing an ultrasonic temperature measurement gel according to claim 7, wherein the volume fraction of benzyl alcohol is 0.06-0.1%.
9. The method for preparing an ultrasonic thermometric gel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 is cooled to 70-75 ℃.
10. An ultrasonic temperature measurement gel, characterized in that the gel is prepared by the preparation method of the ultrasonic temperature measurement gel according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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