CN117696662A - Extrusion molding process of aluminum alloy profile - Google Patents
Extrusion molding process of aluminum alloy profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN117696662A CN117696662A CN202311771254.9A CN202311771254A CN117696662A CN 117696662 A CN117696662 A CN 117696662A CN 202311771254 A CN202311771254 A CN 202311771254A CN 117696662 A CN117696662 A CN 117696662A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 aluminum zirconium carbon Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QNTVPKHKFIYODU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum niobium Chemical compound [Al].[Nb] QNTVPKHKFIYODU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000553 6063 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000258971 Brachiopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJZIJOLEWHWTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-H dipotassium;hexafluorozirconium(2-) Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[K+].[Zr+4] BJZIJOLEWHWTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an extrusion molding process of an aluminum alloy section, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a raw material aluminum ingot and a master alloy according to the weight percentage of aluminum alloy constituent elements, and S2: transferring the aluminum ingot and the aluminum alloy raw materials into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy cast ingot after refining, degassing and impurity removal; s3: homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the heat treatment S2, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 470-490 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-5 h, then heating to 565-580 ℃ and preserving heat for 7-10 h, and cooling to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot; s4: heating the extrusion barrel, the aluminum alloy cast ingot and the die, wherein the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 520-535 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece; s5, quenching, straightening, sawing and aging to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy workpiece. By adjusting the element composition of the aluminum alloy, the mechanical property and the surface quality of the workpiece are improved, the extrusion of the profile is completed by adopting smaller extrusion force and higher extrusion temperature, and the solid solution effect is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an extrusion molding process of an aluminum alloy profile.
Background
The 6-series aluminum alloy takes magnesium and silicon as main alloy elements and takes Mg 2 The Si phase is the strengthening phase of aluminum alloy, which belongs to the heat treatment strengthening aluminum alloy. The alloy has medium strength, high corrosion resistance, no stress corrosion cracking tendency and weldabilityThe welding material has the advantages of good corrosion performance of a welding area, good formability, good technological performance and the like, and is widely applied to manufacturing structural members such as mechanical arms, conveyor belt supports, clean workshop gantry frameworks, illumination lamp shells and the like.
The forming method of the aluminum alloy workpiece comprises the steps of extrusion barrel, die, aluminum bar heating, extrusion, quenching, withdrawal straightening, sawing, aging, surface treatment and the like. The extrusion temperature of the aluminum bar is increased, so that the plasticity of the aluminum bar can be improved, the extrusion force can be reduced, the solid solution effect of a heat treatment strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the mechanical property can be optimized; however, excessive temperature can produce excessive burning, which affects the mechanical property and surface quality of the workpiece, thereby limiting the application range of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, provide an extrusion molding process of aluminum alloy section, improve the mechanical property and surface quality of a workpiece by adjusting the element composition of aluminum alloy, facilitate the extrusion of the section by adopting smaller extrusion force and higher extrusion temperature, and optimize the solid solution effect.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an extrusion molding process of an aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw material aluminum ingots and intermediate alloy according to the weight percentage of aluminum alloy constituent elements: mg:0.55% -0.65%, si:0.4% -0.5%, fe:0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr:0.01% -0.04%, nb:0.02% -0.05%, ga:0.01 to 0.03 percent of Mn <0.1 percent, C <0.1 percent, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities;
s2: transferring the aluminum ingot and the aluminum alloy raw materials into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy cast ingot after refining, degassing and impurity removal;
s3: homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the heat treatment S2, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 470-490 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-5 h, then heating to 565-580 ℃ and preserving heat for 7-10 h, and cooling to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot;
s4: heating the extrusion barrel, the aluminum alloy cast ingot and the die, wherein the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 520-535 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece;
s5, quenching, straightening, sawing and aging sequentially to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy workpiece.
Further, the S3 heat treatment process is as follows: heating to 475-485 deg.C, preserving heat for 3-5 h, then heating to 570-580 deg.C, preserving heat for 7-10 h, cooling.
The preferable technical scheme is that the intermediate alloy of S1 comprises an aluminum zirconium carbon intermediate alloy, an aluminum niobium intermediate alloy and an aluminum gallium intermediate alloy.
Zirconium is favorable for improving the thermal performance of the aluminum alloy, and niobium, gallium and limited carbon content are favorable for improving the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, and the zirconium, niobium and gallium with the content have good refining effect on alloy grains of the 6-series aluminum alloy.
The preferable technical proposal is that the weight percentages of the constituent elements of the aluminum alloy are as follows: mg:0.55 to 0.6 percent of Si:0.40 to 0.46 percent of Fe:0.1 to 0.16 percent of Zr:0.01% -0.03%, nb:0.02% -0.05%, ga:0.01 to 0.02 percent of Mn <0.05 percent, C <0.05 percent, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of Zr and Nb is not more than 0.07 percent.
The preferable technical proposal is that the extrusion speed in S4 is 16-19 m/min.
The preferable technical proposal is that the technological parameters of the quenching step are as follows: the quenching temperature is 500-510 ℃, the quenching temperature is less than 70 ℃, and the cooling speed is 100-120 ℃/min. Further, the cooling rate is 105-115 ℃/min.
The preferable technical proposal is that the temperature of the work piece subjected to the withdrawal and straightening treatment is lower than 50 ℃; the elongation is 1.2% -1.5% based on the elongation percentage of the extrusion length difference before and after stretching. Further, the stretching ratio is 1.3% -1.4%.
The preferable technical proposal is that the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are as follows: the aging temperature is 140-155 ℃, and the aging time is 10-15 h.
The preferable technical proposal is that the mass percent of carbon in the aluminum-zirconium-carbon intermediate alloy is not more than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of zirconium is 5 percent to 10 percent; the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is AlNb50; the aluminum-gallium intermediate alloy is AlGa10.
The preferable technical proposal is that the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-450 ℃ and the heating temperature of the die is 460-480 ℃. Further, the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 420-450 ℃.
The preferable technical proposal is that the cooling speed of the homogenization heat treatment in S3 is 8-11 ℃/min. Further, the cooling rate is 9-11 ℃/min.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the extrusion molding process of the aluminum alloy section optimizes alloy components based on the original 6-series alloy element composition, zirconium, niobium and gallium are added into the alloy components, the carbon content is limited, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved, and alloy grains are refined; the improved aluminum alloy conveying meets the extrusion production requirement at a higher extrusion temperature, and the prepared aluminum alloy extrusion piece has no overburn tissue and obvious blackening, bubble and other overburn surface characteristics;
the extrusion force used is reduced when a predetermined extrusion speed is reached at a higher extrusion temperature;
the higher extrusion temperature is also beneficial to strengthening the solid solution effect and improving the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy extrusion.
Detailed Description
The following describes the invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Production of aluminum-zirconium-carbon intermediate alloy: weighing pure aluminum, zirconium chips and graphite powder according to 92% of Al, 8.7% of Zr and 0.03% of carbon by weight, soaking the graphite powder in potassium fluorozirconate solution for pretreatment, and drying. The furnace temperature of the induction furnace is set to 860+/-10 ℃, pure aluminum is placed in the induction furnace to be melted, then zirconium scraps and graphite powder are sequentially added into the melted aluminum to be mixed, and the aluminum-zirconium-carbon alloy wire is prepared by adopting continuous casting and rolling.
Example 1
According to Mg:0.55% -0.65%, si:0.4% -0.5%, fe:0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr:0.01% -0.04%, nb:0.02% -0.05%, ga:0.01 to 0.03 percent of Mn <0.1 percent and C <0.1 percent, and preparing aluminum alloy raw materials such as aluminum ingots, silicon aluminum alloy, pure magnesium, aluminum zirconium carbon alloy wires, alNb50 and AlGa10.
Setting the furnace temperature to 780 ℃, heating and melting an aluminum ingot and an aluminum-silicon alloy, after keeping the temperature for a period of time, adding pure magnesium, an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-gallium intermediate alloy, adding the silicon-aluminum alloy, the pure magnesium, the aluminum-zirconium-carbon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-zirconium-carbon intermediate alloy and the aluminum-gallium intermediate alloy, melting, then fixing the furnace temperature to 760 ℃, adding a refining agent, and degassing and deslagging; standing for 40min, and casting to obtain aluminum ingots.
And (3) component detection: mg:0.59%, si:0.44%, fe:0.13%, zr:0.03%, nb:0.04%, ga:0.02%, mn:0.04%, C:0.003%, al:98.69%.
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the heat treatment S2, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 480 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours, then heating to 575 ℃ and preserving heat for 7 hours, and cooling at a cooling speed of 8.5 ℃/min to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot;
s4: heating an extrusion cylinder, an aluminum alloy cast ingot and a conveyor belt aluminum alloy support extrusion die, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 440-445 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 460-465 ℃, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 525-530 ℃, the extrusion speed in S4 is 16.5m/min, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece;
s5, quenching: the technological parameters of the quenching step are as follows: the quenching temperature is 500 ℃, the quenching temperature is 60 ℃, and the cooling speed is 110 ℃/min.
And (3) straightening: the initial temperature of the work piece subjected to withdrawal and straightening treatment is 45 ℃; taking the percentage of the difference of the length of the extrusion piece before and after stretching to the length of the extrusion piece before stretching as a stretching rate, and sawing with the stretching rate of 1.35%;
aging: the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are as follows: the aging temperature is 145+/-3 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy bracket finished product with the wall thickness of 4mm is obtained.
The aluminum alloy bracket of the embodiment 1 has the advantages of flat surface, uniform color and luster, no overburning bubble, and the detection proves that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bracket finished product reaches 252Mpa, the yield strength reaches 220Mpa, the elongation after breaking reaches 19.3 percent, and the hardness HV is 116.
Example 2
Example 2 the same aluminum alloy as in example 1 was used and the extrusion process steps were as follows:
s4: heating an extrusion cylinder, an aluminum alloy cast ingot and a conveyor belt aluminum alloy support extrusion die, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 440-445 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 460-465 ℃, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 490-495 ℃, the extrusion speed in S4 is 12m/min, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece;
s5, quenching: the technological parameters of the quenching step are as follows: the quenching temperature is 500 ℃, the quenching temperature is 60 ℃, and the cooling speed is 105 ℃/min.
And (3) straightening: the temperature of the work piece subjected to withdrawal and straightening treatment is 45 ℃; taking the percentage of the difference of the length of the extrusion piece before and after stretching to the length of the extrusion piece before stretching as a stretching rate, wherein the stretching rate is 1.25 percent, and sawing;
aging: the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are as follows: the aging temperature is 145+/-3 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy bracket finished product with the wall thickness of 4mm is obtained.
Example 2 aluminum alloy stent surface was similar to example 1, without overburning characteristics; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bracket finished product reaches 233Mpa, the yield strength reaches 210Mpa, the elongation after breaking reaches 18.6%, and the hardness HV is 107.
Example 3
Example 3 the same aluminium alloy as in example 1 was used and the extrusion process steps were as follows:
s4: heating an extrusion cylinder, an aluminum alloy cast ingot and a conveyor belt aluminum alloy support extrusion die, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 440-445 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 460-465 ℃, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 480-485 ℃, the extrusion speed in S4 is 9m/min, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece;
s5, quenching: the technological parameters of the quenching step are as follows: the quenching temperature is 500 ℃, the quenching temperature is 60 ℃, and the cooling speed is 105 ℃/min.
And (3) straightening: the temperature of the work piece subjected to withdrawal and straightening treatment is 45 ℃; taking the percentage of the difference of the length of the extrusion piece before and after stretching to the length of the extrusion piece before stretching as a stretching rate, wherein the stretching rate is 1.25 percent, and sawing;
aging: the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are as follows: the aging temperature is 145+/-3 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy bracket finished product with the wall thickness of 4mm is obtained.
Example 3 aluminum alloy brackets were free of overburn features; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bracket finished product reaches 228Mpa, the yield strength reaches 203Mpa, the elongation after breaking reaches 18.4%, and the hardness HV is 99.
Example 4
Example 4 the aluminum alloy of example 1 and extrusion process parameters were used, the ageing process parameters being different as follows:
aging: the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are as follows: the aging temperature is 160+/-3 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy bracket finished product with the wall thickness of 4mm is obtained.
Example 4 aluminum alloy stent has no overburn characteristics; through detection, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bracket finished product reaches 249Mpa, the yield strength reaches 203Mpa, the elongation after breaking reaches 17.6%, and the hardness HV is 95.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that: s5, quenching: the technological parameters of the quenching step are as follows: the quenching temperature is 500 ℃, the quenching temperature is 60 ℃, the water mist is used for air cooling, and the cooling speed is 123 ℃/min.
Example 5 aluminum alloy stent has no overburn characteristics; through detection, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bracket finished product reaches 244Mpa, the yield strength reaches 215Mpa, the elongation after breaking reaches 16.8%, and the hardness HV is 105.
Comparative example
The comparative example used 6063 aluminum alloy of the following elemental composition as a raw material: mg:0.57%, si:0.40%, fe:0.13%, cu:0.018%, mn:0.04%, cr:0.012%, bi:0.006%, ga:0.015%, al:98.77% and unavoidable V, pb, sn, B, etc. (spectroscopic analysis).
S4: heating an extrusion cylinder, an aluminum alloy cast ingot and a conveyor belt aluminum alloy support extrusion die, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 430-440 ℃, the heating temperature of the die is 460-465 ℃, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 520-525 ℃, the extrusion speed in S4 is 12.5m/min, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot is extruded to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece;
s5, quenching: the technological parameters of the quenching step are as follows: the quenching temperature is 500 ℃, the quenching temperature is 60 ℃, and the cooling speed is 105 ℃/min.
And (3) straightening: the temperature of the work piece subjected to withdrawal and straightening treatment is 45 ℃; taking the percentage of the difference of the length of the extrusion piece before and after stretching to the length of the extrusion piece before stretching as a stretching rate, wherein the stretching rate is 1.25 percent, and sawing;
aging: the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are as follows: the aging temperature is 145+/-3 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy bracket finished product with the wall thickness of 4mm is obtained.
The surface of the aluminum alloy bracket of the comparative example is blackened in local color and has a small amount of overburning bubbles; through detection, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy bracket finished product reaches 221Mpa, the yield strength reaches 186Mpa, the elongation after breaking reaches 15.2%, and the hardness HV is 96.
Examples and comparative examples show that adding Zr, nb and Ga with preset mass into aluminum alloy forms fine dispersoid in the aluminum alloy to be distributed in the matrix alloy and increase the dislocation movement resistance, thus improving the thermal stability and corrosion resistance of the alloy; the expression is as follows: at the higher extrusion heating temperature of example 1, the aluminum alloy bracket has flat surface, uniform color and no overburn bubbles. The extrusion heating temperature is increased, so that extrusion energy consumption is reduced, the production efficiency of extrusion and an aluminum alloy bracket is improved, and the solid solution effect is enhanced; in addition, by optimizing the aging temperature and the quenching cooling speed, the matrix alloy is ensured to be more rapidly precipitated and dispersed, and the dispersoid is uniformly distributed, so that the improvement of the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength, the yield strength and the like of the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy is facilitated.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An extrusion molding process of an aluminum alloy profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing raw material aluminum ingots and intermediate alloy according to the weight percentage of aluminum alloy constituent elements: mg:0.55% -0.65%, si:0.4% -0.5%, fe:0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr:0.01% -0.04%, nb:0.02% -0.05%, ga:0.01 to 0.03 percent of Mn <0.1 percent, C <0.1 percent, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities;
s2: transferring the aluminum ingot and the aluminum alloy raw materials into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy cast ingot after refining, degassing and impurity removal;
s3: homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the heat treatment S2, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 470-490 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-5 h, then heating to 565-580 ℃ and preserving heat for 7-10 h, and cooling to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot;
s4: heating the extrusion barrel, the aluminum alloy cast ingot and the die, wherein the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 520-535 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminum alloy extrusion piece;
s5, quenching, straightening, sawing and aging sequentially to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy workpiece.
2. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy sections according to claim 1, wherein the master alloy of S1 comprises aluminum zirconium carbon master alloy, aluminum niobium master alloy and aluminum gallium master alloy.
3. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy sections according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following constituent elements in percentage by weight: mg:0.55 to 0.6 percent of Si:0.40 to 0.46 percent of Fe:0.1 to 0.16 percent of Zr:0.01% -0.03%, nb:0.02% -0.05%, ga:0.01 to 0.02 percent of Mn <0.05 percent, C <0.05 percent, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of Zr and Nb is not more than 0.07 percent.
4. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy section bar according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion speed in S4 is 16-19 m/min.
5. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy section according to claim 1, wherein the quenching step has the following process parameters: the quenching temperature is 500-510 ℃, the quenching temperature is less than 70 ℃, and the cooling speed is 100-120 ℃/min.
6. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy section according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the work piece subjected to the withdrawal straightening is lower than 50 ℃; the elongation is 1.2% -1.5% based on the elongation percentage of the extrusion length difference before and after stretching.
7. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy section bar according to claim 1, wherein the aging process parameters of the aluminum alloy extrusion are: the aging temperature is 140-155 ℃, and the aging time is 10-15 h.
8. The extrusion molding process of the aluminum alloy section according to claim 2, wherein the mass percentage of carbon in the aluminum-zirconium-carbon intermediate alloy is not more than 0.15%, and the mass percentage of zirconium is 5% -10%; the aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy is AlNb50; the aluminum-gallium intermediate alloy is AlGa10.
9. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy sections according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion vessel is 400 to 450 ℃ and the heating temperature of the die is 460 to 480 ℃.
10. The extrusion process of aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein the cooling rate of the homogenization heat treatment in S3 is 8 to 11 ℃/min.
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