CN117693620A - 纸或纸板基包装层叠物 - Google Patents
纸或纸板基包装层叠物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117693620A CN117693620A CN202280048897.8A CN202280048897A CN117693620A CN 117693620 A CN117693620 A CN 117693620A CN 202280048897 A CN202280048897 A CN 202280048897A CN 117693620 A CN117693620 A CN 117693620A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- paperboard
- packaging laminate
- coating
- based packaging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/40—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/02—Metal coatings
- D21H19/08—Metal coatings applied as vapour, e.g. in vacuum
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B23/06—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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- B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
- B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B23/08—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/06—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard specially treated, e.g. surfaced, parchmentised
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Abstract
本发明涉及纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其包括:纸或纸板基础层、矿物涂层、PVOH涂层,以及金属化膜层,其中,矿物涂层设置在基基础层与PVOH涂层之间,并与其接触,并且其中,金属化膜层层叠到PVOH涂层,并且其中,根据标准ASTM F‑1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,该包装层叠物的氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天。本发明还涉及一种包括纸或纸板基包装层叠物的容器。
Description
技术领域
本公开内容涉及纸和纸板基包装材料。更具体地,本公开内容涉及在高相对湿度(RH)下具有低且一致的氧透过率(OTR)的纸和纸板基包装层叠物。
背景技术
用塑料涂覆纸和纸板通常用于将纸板的机械性能与塑料膜的阻隔和密封性能相结合。提供有甚至相对少量合适塑料材料的纸板也可以提供使纸板适用于许多要求苛刻的应用所需的性能,例如作为液体包装板。在液体包装板中,聚烯烃涂料经常用作液体阻隔层、热密封层和胶粘剂。然而,这种聚合物涂覆板的再循环是困难的,因为难以将聚合物与纤维分离。
此外,在许多情况下,除非涂层厚或使用不同聚合物涂层的组合,否则聚合物涂覆纸板的气体阻隔性能仍然不足。因此,为了确保高气体和光阻隔性能以及高刚度,聚合物涂覆纸板通常提供有一层或多层铝箔。然而,聚合物和铝层的添加大大增加成本,并使材料的再循环更加困难。此外,由于其碳足迹高,因此希望在纸和纸板基包装材料中取代铝箔。
诸如奶和果汁等保质期长的产品的无菌包装通常由液体包装板(LPB)制成,该包装板包括多层纸板基基底、最外层的可热密封聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯,PE)层,以及最内层的聚烯烃和铝层。为提供氧气阻隔性能所需的铝层通常结合在聚乙烯层之间,以提供以下结构:PE/纸板/PE/铝/PE。
在现有技术中,已经尝试用更环境友好和/或更容易再循环的解决方案来代替铝箔,但迄今为止没有取得真正的成功。
最近,已经开发了微原纤化纤维素(MFC)膜和涂层,其中原纤分离的(defibrillated,去纤化的)纤维素原纤维已经分散在例如水中,然后重新组织和再结合在一起,以形成具有优异气体阻隔性能的致密膜。不幸的是,这种MFC膜的气体阻隔性能在高湿度下往往会恶化。
因此,仍然需要改进的解决方案来代替纸和纸板基包装材料中的塑料膜和铝箔,同时保持可接受的液体和氧气阻隔性能。同时,需要用有助于使用过的包装材料的再浆化和再循环的替代品来代替塑料膜和铝箔。
发明内容
本公开内容的目的是提供一种用于在包装材料诸如液体包装板中提供氧气阻隔特性的通常用作阻隔膜的塑料膜和铝箔的替代品。
本公开内容的另一个目的是提供一种即使在较高的相对湿度和温度下也提供良好的氧气阻隔性能的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,例如液体包装板。
本公开内容的另一个目的是提供一种纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据标准ASTM F-1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,其氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天。
本公开内容的另一个目的是提供一种纸或纸板基包装层叠物,例如液体包装板,其包括氧气阻隔层,与使用传统塑料膜和铝箔的包装层叠物相比,该氧气阻隔层有利于板的再浆化。
本公开内容的另一个目的是提供一种纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据PTS RH 021/97,其废品率(reject rate,浆渣)小于30%、优选小于20%。
通过本公开内容的各个方面实现了上述目的以及本领域技术人员将根据本公开内容意识到的其它目的。
根据本文所示的第一方面,提供了一种纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其包括:
纸或纸板基础层,
矿物涂层,
PVOH涂层,以及
金属化膜层,
其中,矿物涂层设置在基础层与PVOH涂层之间,并与其接触,并且
其中,金属化膜层层叠到PVOH涂层,并且
其中,根据标准ASTM F-1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,该包装层叠物的氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天。
纸通常是指由木材或其它含有纤维素纤维的纤维物质的浆以薄片材制造的,用于在其上书写、绘图或印刷,或用作包装材料的材料。
纸板通常是指用于盒子和其它类型包装的含有纤维素纤维的结实的厚的纸或卡纸板。纸板可以是漂白的或未漂白的,经涂覆的或未经涂覆的,并以各种厚度生产,这取决于最终使用要求。
纸或纸板基包装层叠物是主要或完全由纸或纸板形成的包装材料。它可以由浆(pulp,纸浆)制成,包括来自原始纤维的浆,例如机械、化学和/或热机械浆。它也可由损纸或再循环纸制成。除了纸或纸板之外,该纸或纸板基包装层叠物可包括设计为改善包装层叠物的性能和/或外观的额外的层或涂层。
该纸或纸板基包装层叠物通常具有旨在用作外表面或印刷侧的第一最外表面,和旨在用作包装容器的内表面的第二最外表面。包括金属化膜层的纸或纸板基础层的侧面旨在用作包装容器的内表面。
本发明的包装层叠物可提供优异的氧气阻隔性能、水蒸气阻隔性能和液体阻隔性能。特别有用的是通过PVOH层和金属化膜层的组合而实现的在高湿度和高温度下的高氧气阻隔性能和高水蒸气阻隔性能的组合。在本公开内容的上下文中,术语高湿度通常是指在80%以上的相对湿度(RH)。在本公开内容的上下文中,术语高温度通常是指在23℃以上的温度。更具体地,在本公开内容的上下文中,术语高温度可以指在25-50℃范围内的温度。包装层叠物在高湿度和高温度下的氧气阻隔性能和水蒸气阻隔性能通常是在90%的相对湿度(RH)和38℃的温度下测量的。
根据标准ASTM F-1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,本发明的包装层叠物的氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天。这使得本发明的包装层叠物成为使用铝箔层的传统材料的一个引人关注且可行的替代品。
此外,本发明的纸或纸板基包装层叠物可以提供使用铝箔层的传统材料的替代品,其可以更容易地被再浆化和再循环。本发明的纸或纸板基包装层叠物包括设置在基础层与PVOH涂层之间并与之接触的矿物涂层。已经发现,本发明的矿物涂层和PVOH涂层的组合允许在再浆化过程中的金属化膜层与基础层的有效分离。此外,矿物涂层抵消了PVOH向基础层中的不期望的迁移,并且可以保护PVOH涂层不受水蒸气的影响。在一些实施方案中,根据PTS RH 021/97,纸或纸板基包装层叠物的废品率小于30%,优选小于20%,更优选小于10%。
在一些实施方案中,基于该矿物涂层的总干重计,该矿物涂层包含:
50-95重量%的颗粒矿物,以及
5-50重量%的粘合剂。
在一些实施方案中,该矿物涂层包含10-35重量%的粘合剂。
在一些实施方案中,基于该矿物涂层的总干重计,该矿物涂层包含:
10-35重量%,优选10-20重量%的粘合剂,以及
90-65重量%,优选90-80重量%的颗粒矿物。
矿物涂层中大量的颗粒矿物增强了金属化膜层在再浆化过程中从基础层的释放。
在一些实施方案中,颗粒矿物选自由以下各项所构成的组:高岭土、碳酸钙、膨润土、滑石及其组合,优选高岭土或碳酸钙,并且更优选高岭土。
在一些实施方案中,以该矿物涂层中总颗粒矿物的干重计算,颗粒矿物包括80-100重量%的碳酸钙和0-20重量%的粘土。在矿物涂层中使用具有低形状因子的大量碳酸钙能够在涂层中实现更高的固体含量和更低的粘合剂量,同时仍然可以获得良好的覆盖率。粘合剂量低反过来增强了金属化膜层的释放。优选地,碳酸钙的形状因子小于10,优选在0.1-10或0.1-5之间。本文中使用的“形状因子”是平均颗粒直径与颗粒厚度之比的平均值(重量)的量度(measure,测量值),并且可以使用电导率法进行测量。此外,碳酸钙不像粘土那样具有反应性,这使其更容易在酸性环境中溶解,从而甚至进一步促进再循环过程。
所使用的碳酸钙优选具有低表面积,优选在20m2/g以下,更优选在15m2/g以下,例如在3-20m2/g或3-15m2/g之间。与粘土相比,再循环具有如此低表面积的颜料更容易,特别是在再循环过程中需要的化学品更少。本文所用的“表面积”是使用BET等温法(ISO 9277:2010)通过吸附测量的。
在实施方案中,颗粒矿物中所含的碳酸钙是包含50-70重量%的粒径小于2μm的颗粒的第一碳酸钙和包含80-100重量%的粒径小于2μm的颗粒的第二碳酸钙的混合物。粒径可以使用Mastersizer 2000进行测量。优选地,第一碳酸钙的按重量计的中值粒径(d50)在1-2μm之间,而第二碳酸钙的按重量计的中值粒径(d50)在0.5-0.9μm之间。在优选实施方案中,以矿物涂层中碳酸钙的总干重计算,矿物涂层包含20-40重量%,优选20-30重量%的所述第一碳酸钙和80-60重量%,优选80-70重量%的所述第二碳酸钙。
在实施方案中,以矿物涂层中总颗粒矿物的干重计算,颗粒矿物包含80-90重量%的碳酸钙和10-20重量%的粘土。此类颗粒矿物混合物进行优化,以提供高阻隔性能和优异的可再循环性。
粘合剂可以是水分散性或水溶性粘合剂。在一些实施方案中,水分散性粘合剂是胶乳粘合剂。在一些实施方案中,水溶性粘合剂是淀粉、PVOH、纤维素衍生物(例如CMC)、蛋白质或海藻。使用水溶性粘合剂的一个优点是层叠物将甚至更容易再循环。
在一些实施方案中,矿物涂层的克重在4-25g/m2的范围内,更优选在6-20g/m2的范围内。
矿物涂层可优选地在至少两个不同的涂覆步骤中施加,其中在步骤之间进行涂覆膜的干燥。
根据ISO 8791-4,矿物涂层的PPS(Parker Print-Surf)光滑度优选小于5μm。矿物涂层的Cobb-Unger值(30s,bs)优选小于20g/m2,优选在1-20g/m2的范围内,并且更优选在5-15g/m2的范围内,其中Cobb-Unger值是吸油量的量度,并且通过SCAN-P 37:77(30秒)方法进行测量。
本发明的包装层叠物包括聚乙烯醇(PVOH)涂层。PVOH涂层设置在矿物涂层与金属化膜层之间。在一些实施方案中,PVOH涂层与矿物涂层直接接触。PVOH涂层可以在金属化膜层层叠到PVOH涂层之前施加到矿物涂层。
PVOH涂层的PVOH可溶于冷水,或可在加热到100℃以下的温度持续给定时间段后可溶于水。PVOH涂层的水溶性改善了金属化膜层在再浆化过程中与基础层的分离。PVOH的水解度可以例如在80-99摩尔%范围内,优选在85-98摩尔%的范围内。PVOH的结晶度优选小于0.6,优选小于0.5,并且更优选小于0.4,如通过广角x射线散射测定的。
在一些实施方案中,基于PVOH涂层的总干重计,PVOH涂层包含至少50重量%的PVOH,优选至少70重量%的PVOH。
PVOH可以是未改性的PVOH或改性的PVOH。改性的PVOH可优选为乙烯改性的PVOH。
PVOH可以是单一类型的PVOH,或者它可包括两种或更多种类型PVOH(例如水解度或粘度不同)的混合物。PVOH的水解度可以例如在80-99摩尔%的范围内,优选在85-99摩尔%的范围内。此外,PVOH在20℃DIN 53015/JIS K 6726下在4%水溶液中的粘度可优选在5mPa×s以上(不含添加剂且pH不变,即,当分散和溶解在例如蒸馏水中时获得)。可用产品的实例是,例如Kuraray Poval 4-98、Poval 6-98、Poval 10-98、Poval 20-98、Poval30-98或Poval 56-98,或其混合物。从水解程度较低的等级来看,优选Poval4-88、Poval 6-88、Poval 8-88、Poval 18-88、Poval 22-88,或例如Poval 49-88。替代地,也可以使用完全水解等级(98-99.9%)的PVOH。PVOH的灰分含量优选小于0.9重量%,优选小于0.7重量%、小于0.4重量%或小于0.2重量%。
为了最小化PVOH涂层中的针孔的风险,PVOH涂层可优选在至少两个不同的涂覆步骤中施加,其中在步骤之间进行涂覆膜的干燥。在一些实施方案中,PVOH涂层是多层的,并且至少一个层包含低分子量PVOH。这将进一步促进金属化膜层在再浆化过程中从纸或纸板基础层的后续释放。
PVOH涂层优选通过液膜涂布工艺形成,即以水溶液或分散体的形式形成,该水溶液或分散体在施加时在基底上铺展成薄的、均匀的层,然后进行干燥。PVOH涂层可以通过接触或非接触的涂覆方法来施加。可用的涂覆方法的实例包括但不限于:棒涂布、帘幕式涂布、膜压制涂布、流延涂布、转移涂布、施胶压榨涂布(size press coating)、柔性版涂布、门辊涂布、双辊HSM涂布、刮刀涂布、例如短停留时间刮刀涂布、喷射施加器涂布、喷涂涂布、凹版涂布或反向凹版涂布。
在一些实施方案中,至少一个PVOH涂层以泡沫的形式施加。泡沫涂层是有利的,因为与未发泡的涂层相比,它允许在更高的固体含量和更低的水含量下形成膜。泡沫涂层的较低含水量也减少了基底再润湿的问题。泡沫可使用聚合物或非聚合物发泡剂形成。聚合物发泡剂的实例包括PVOH、疏水性改性淀粉和疏水性改性乙基羟乙基纤维素。
PVOH涂层的基重通常可以在1-20g/m2的范围内。在一些实施方案中,PVOH涂层的克重在2-15g/m2的范围内,更优选在3-12g/m2的范围。
在一些实施方案中,将交联剂添加到矿物涂层和/或PVOH涂层。交联剂可提高矿物涂层-PVOH涂层界面处的耐水性和粘合力。合适的交联剂包括但不限于乙二醛、柠檬酸、戊二醛。基于矿物层或PVOH的重量计,交联剂的浓度可以例如为1-20重量%,优选1-15重量%。交联剂溶液也可以在形成PVOH涂层之前施加在矿物涂层的顶部上,以增加矿物涂层与PVOH涂层之间的界面处的交联。
本发明的纸或纸板基包装层叠物包括层叠到PVOH涂层的金属化膜层。金属化膜层优选进一步改善层叠物的氧气阻隔性能和/或水蒸气阻隔性能。
金属化膜层包括基底膜和施加到所述基底膜的至少一个表面的金属化层。
金属化膜层优选包括金属化聚合物膜或金属化纤维素基膜。金属化聚合物膜和PVOH涂层的组合进一步提高了层叠物的阻隔性能,并保护PVOH涂层和金属化层两者在层叠物转化期间不破裂。金属化纤维素基膜也可改善层叠物的阻隔性能,并使层叠物更可再循环。
本发明的基底膜可以是适合于在其上施加厚度在1-500nm范围内的连续的或基本连续的真空涂层的任何基底膜。基底膜优选包括具有光滑、致密和相对低的多孔表面的膜或片状材料,真空涂层可以施加在其上。基底膜应优选具有很少的针孔或不具有针孔。膜或片状基底膜中针孔的量可例如根据标EN13676:2001来确定。基底膜优选包括小于10个针孔/m2,优选小于8个针孔/m2,并且更优选小于2个针孔/m2。每m2的针孔量可例如通过光学检查来测量,例如根据标准EN13676:2001。根据标准ISO 5636/5测量的,基底膜的GurleyHill孔隙率优选大于30000s/100ml,优选大于40000s/100ml。在23℃和50% RH下测定的,基底膜的OTR可大于5cc/m2/天,例如大于10cc/m2/天或大于20cc/m2/天。基底膜的厚度通常在10-100μm的范围内,优选在15-80μm的范围内,并且更优选在20-60μm的范围内。基底膜的密度通常大于850kg/m3,或大于900kg/m3,或大于950kg/m3,或大于1000kg/m3,优选在1050-1250kg/m3的范围内。
基底膜可由单层材料组成,或者它可以是包含两层或更多层相同或不同材料的多层结构。基底膜可例如包括由合成或生物基聚合物形成的聚合物膜,或由其组成。替代地,基底膜可包括纤维基材料的致密片材,或由其组成。基底膜还可包括纤维基材料和合成或生物基聚合物的组合,或由其组成,例如,以层叠物或聚合物涂覆纸或复合材料的形式。在一些实施方案中,基底膜包括纤维和聚合物的混合物,或由其组成。在一些实施方案中,基底膜包括一层纤维基材料和一层聚合物。例如,基底膜可由纤维基层组成,例如微原纤化纤维素(MFC)膜,涂覆有聚合物层,例如聚乙烯醇(PVOH)涂层,以提高MFC膜表面的光滑度并降低其孔隙率。
在一些实施方案中,该基底膜是聚合物膜。聚合物膜的聚合物可例如选自由以下各项所构成的组:聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯)、聚酯(例如PET)、聚酰亚胺、含氟聚合物和PEEK。
在优选实施方案中,聚合物膜的聚合物是双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)膜。BOPP膜优选用于食品包装应用,例如由于其具有高防潮性、光学清晰度和高拉伸强度。优选地,BOPP膜包含至少50%的再循环PP或基于可再生资源的PP。
需要改进的解决方案以用有助于使用过的包装层叠物的再浆化和再循环的替代品来代替铝箔和聚烯烃膜作为包装层叠物(如液体包装板)中的阻隔层。
基底膜优选是生物基的,并且更优选是纤维素基的。所谓生物基或纤维素基是指超过50重量%的基底膜是天然的,或优选纤维素来源的。使用纤维素基基底膜对于用于纸或纸板层叠物的阻隔膜是特别有用的,因为层叠物可以作为单一材料再循环。
金属化膜层可以有利地几乎完全由生物基材料制成,并且优选由纤维素基材料制成,从而促进使用过的纸和纸板基包装层叠物的再浆化和再循环。这种含有95重量%或更多的纤维素材料(其余5%是不会影响包装材料再循环的其它材料)的包装材料有时被称为单材料(monomaterials)。因此,在一些实施方案中,超过95重量%的金属化膜层是纤维素基的。
在一些实施方案中,基底膜包括高密度纸,例如由化学浆或机械浆或其混合物形成的超级压延纸或有光纸(machine glazed paper,机器釉面纸)。
在一些实施方案中,基底膜包括高密度纸,例如由化学浆或机械浆或其混合物形成的超级压延纸,其随后用MFC膜或层涂覆或进行层叠,以提供适于在其上施加厚度在1-500nm范围内的连续的或基本连续的真空涂层的表面。
在一些实施方案中,基底膜包括再生纤维素膜,例如玻璃纸(cellophane)。
微原纤化纤维素(MFC)已被确定为用于纸和纸板包装材料的阻隔膜的一种令人感兴趣的组分。在一些实施方案中,基底膜由MFC膜组成,或包括MFC膜。换言之,基底可完全由MFC膜构成,或者其可包括MFC膜作为若干层中的一层。
在本专利申请的上下文中,微原纤化纤维素(MFC)应是指宽度或直径为20nm至1000nm的纤维素颗粒、纤维或原纤维。
存在多种制备MFC的方法,例如单次或多次精磨、预水解然后进行精磨,或高剪切崩解或释放原纤维。为了使MFC制造既节能又可持续,通常需要一个或多个预处理步骤。因此,生产MFC时使用的浆的纤维素纤维可以是天然的或经酶促或化学预处理的,例如以减少半纤维素或木质素的量。纤维素纤维可以在原纤化之前进行化学改性,其中纤维素分子含有与原始纤维素中发现的官能团不同(或更多)的官能团。这些基团包括羧甲基(CM)、醛和/或羧基基团(通过N-氧基介导的氧化获得的纤维素,例如“TEMPO”)或季铵(阳离子纤维素)。在用上述方法之一进行改性或氧化后,更容易将纤维崩解为MFC。
MFC可由木材纤维素纤维(来自硬木纤维或软木纤维两者)生产。它也可由微生物来源、农业纤维(例如麦草浆、竹子、甘蔗渣)或其它非木材纤维来源制成。它可以由浆制成,包括来自原始纤维的浆,例如机械、化学和/或热机械浆。它也可以由损纸或再循环纸制成。
纤维质或多孔基底膜,例如MFC膜,可以优选地与表面处理相结合,以提高基底表面的光滑度,并降低基底表面的孔隙率,并使表面更适合于金属化。可能的表面处理包括但不限于:为表面提供光滑预涂层,或机械光滑化,例如通过压延。
表面处理可以例如包括将预涂层或底涂层施加到纤维质或多孔基底层。预涂层优选用于整平(level out)不平整性,并填充存在于纤维质或多孔基底膜中的孔隙和针孔。表面处理还可包括对基底表面进行电晕或等离子体处理,以提高附合力。
压延可包括在一个或多个道次或辊隙中的硬辊隙或软辊隙压延。机械光滑化也可与预涂覆步骤相结合,在压延之前或之后进行。
因此,在一些实施方案中,金属化膜层还包括设在基底膜与真空涂层之间的预涂层。
在一些实施方案中,预涂层包含选自由以下各项所构成的组的水溶性聚合物:聚乙烯醇、改性聚乙烯醇、多糖和改性多糖或其组合,优选聚乙烯醇。
PVOH可以是单一类型的PVOH,或者它可包括两种或更多种类型PVOH(例如水解度或粘度不同)的混合物。PVOH的水解度可以例如在80-99摩尔%的范围内,优选在85-99摩尔%的范围内。此外,PVOH在20℃DIN 53015/JIS K 6726下在4%水溶液中的粘度可优选在5mPa×s以上(不含添加剂且pH不变,即,当分散和溶解在例如蒸馏水中时获得)。可用产品的实例是,例如Kuraray Poval 4-98、Poval 6-98、Poval 10-98、Poval 20-98、Poval30-98或Poval 56-98,或其混合物。从水解程度较低的等级来看,优选Poval4-88、Poval 6-88、Poval 8-88、Poval 18-88、Poval 22-88,或例如Poval 49-88。
改性多糖可以例如是改性纤维素,例如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)或羟丙基纤维素(HPC);或改性淀粉,例如羟烷基化淀粉、氰乙基化淀粉、阳离子或阴离子淀粉,或淀粉醚或淀粉酯。一些优选的改性淀粉包括羟丙基化淀粉、羟乙基化淀粉、双醛淀粉和羧甲基化淀粉。
在一些实施方案中,预涂层的基重在0.1-12g/m2的范围内,优选在0.5-8g/m2的范围,更优选在1-6g/m2的范围内。
为了最小化预涂层中的针孔的风险,预涂层可优选在至少两个不同的涂覆步骤中施加,其中在步骤之间进行涂覆膜的干燥。
预涂层可通过接触或非接触的涂覆方法来施加。对于在MFC层上的施加,非接触涂覆方法通常是优选的,以最大限度地减少在涂覆过程中损坏基底的风险。可用的涂覆方法的实例包括但不限于:棒涂布、帘幕式涂布、膜压制涂布、流延涂布、转移涂布、施胶压榨涂布、柔性版涂布、门辊涂布、双辊HSM涂布、刮刀涂布、例如短停留时间刮刀涂布、喷射施加器涂布、喷涂涂布、凹版涂布或反向凹版涂布。在一些实施方案中,涂层以泡沫的形式施用。泡沫涂层是有利的,因为与未发泡的涂层相比,它允许在更高的固体含量和更低的水含量下形成膜。泡沫涂层的水含量较低也减少了MFC层再润湿的问题。
金属化是指用于在固体表面上逐原子(atom-by-atom)或逐分子(molecule-by-molecule)沉积金属或金属氧化物层的一系列工艺。可以将多层相同或不同的材料组合在一起。该工艺可基于蒸气源进一步限定;物理气相沉积(PVD)使用液体或固体源,而化学气相沉淀(CVD)使用化学蒸气。
在一些实施方案中,金属化层通过在基底膜上的金属或金属氧化物的气相沉积而形成,优选通过物理气相沉积(PVD)或化学气相沉积(CVD)。
在一些实施方案中,仅基底膜的一个表面被金属化。在一些实施方案中,基底膜的两个表面均被金属化。
在一些实施方案中,金属化层包括选自由以下各项所构成的组的金属、金属氧化物或陶瓷氧化物:铝、镁、硅、铜、氧化铝、氧化镁、二氧化硅及其组合,优选氧化铝。氧化铝真空涂层(也称为AlOx涂层)可提供与铝金属涂层类似的阻隔性能,但有一个额外的优点,即薄的AlOx涂层对可见光是透明的。
本发明的金属化层的厚度可以在1至500nm的范围内。在一些实施方案中,金属化层的层厚度在1-100nm的范围内,优选在10-100nm的范围内,并且更优选在20-50nm的范围内。在一些实施方案中,金属化层的基重在50-250mg/m2的范围内,优选在75-150mg/m2的范围内。
一种优选类型的金属化涂层是铝金属物理气相沉积(PVD)涂层,通常用于其阻隔性能,特别是水蒸气阻隔性能。这种基本由铝金属组成的涂层的厚度通常可以是10至50nm。金属化层的厚度对应于小于用于包装的传统厚度(即6.3μm)的铝箔中通常存在的铝金属材料的1%。
金属化膜层的克重取决于所使用的基底膜。金属化膜层的克重通常在1-100g/m2的范围内。在一些实施方案中,金属化膜层的克重在10-70g/m2的范围内,更优选在10-70g/m2的范围内。对于金属化聚合物膜,克重通常可以在该范围的较下端,例如在10-30g/m2的范围内,而对于金属化纤维素基膜,克重可更高,例如在20-100g/m2的范围内。
将金属化膜层层叠到PVOH涂层。金属化膜层可使用任何合适的粘合方式层叠到PVOH层。
在一些实施方案中,使用PVOH层的PVOH作为胶粘剂将金属化膜层层叠到PVOH涂层。
在一些实施方案中,金属化膜层通过设置在PVOH涂层与金属化膜层之间的胶粘剂连接层(adhesive tie layer)附着到PVOH涂层。胶粘剂连接层可包括用于提供或改善PVOH涂层与金属化膜层之间的层叠粘合性的任何合适的胶粘剂。连接层可以是例如挤出的聚烯烃胶粘剂,优选聚乙烯,或分散胶粘剂,优选胶乳或聚烯烃分散体。在一些实施方案中,连接层可包括乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或聚合物丙烯酸酯,例如乙烯丙烯酸丁酯。胶粘剂连接层的涂层重量通常可以在0.5-15g/m2的范围内,优选在1-12g/m2的范围内。
在一些实施方案中,粘合剂连接层包括聚乙烯或乙烯改性的PVOH。
在一些实施方案中,纸或纸板基础层的基重在20-500g/m2的范围内,优选在80-400g/m2的范围内。
在一些实施方案中,该纸或纸板基础层是多层纸板。
本发明的纸或纸板基包装层叠物的结构使得能够在纸或纸板基础层中使用更大量的再循环纤维,因为阻隔结构阻挡了矿物油基化合物的迁移。因此,在一些实施方案中,纸或纸板基础层包括至少5重量%的再循环纤维,优选至少10重量%的再循环纤维。
纸或纸板基包装层叠物还可在一侧或两侧上提供有最外层的保护性聚合物层。
在一些实施方案中,纸或纸板基包装层叠物还包括设置在纸或纸板基础层上的第一保护性聚合物层,优选聚乙烯层。
在一些实施方案中,纸或纸板基包装层叠物还包括设置在金属化膜层上的第二保护性聚合物层,优选聚乙烯层。
该保护性聚合物层当然可能干扰可再浆化性,但在一些应用中可能仍然是必需的或期望的。附加的聚合物层可以例如通过挤出涂覆、膜层叠或分散涂覆来施加。
该保护性聚合物层可包括一般地通常用于纸或纸板基包装层叠物的任何热塑性聚合物,或者特别是用于液体包装板的聚合物。实例包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、淀粉和纤维素。聚乙烯,特别是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),是液体包装板中最常见和最通用的聚合物。
热塑性聚合物是有用的,因为它们可以通过挤出涂覆技术方便地加工,形成具有良好液体阻隔性能的非常薄且均匀的膜。在一些实施方案中,该附加聚合物层包含聚丙烯或聚乙烯。在优选实施方案中,该保护性聚合物层包含聚乙烯,更优选LDPE或HDPE。
在一些实施方案中,该保护性聚合物层是通过将聚合物挤出涂覆到阻隔膜的表面上形成的。挤出涂覆是一种将熔融塑料材料涂覆至基底以形成非常薄、光滑且均匀的层的工艺。涂层可以由挤出的塑料本身形成,或者熔融的塑料可用作胶粘剂将固体塑料膜层叠到基底上。挤出涂覆中使用的常见的塑料树脂包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
每个保护性聚合物层的基重优选小于50g/m2。为了实现连续且基本无缺陷的膜,该保护性聚合物层的基重通常需要为至少8g/m2,优选至少12g/m2。在一些实施方案中,该保护性聚合物层的基重在8-50g/m2的范围内,优选在12-50g/m2的范围内。
已经发现,金属化膜层和聚乙烯醇(PVOH)层的组合提供了具有优异气体阻隔性能和水蒸气阻隔性能的纸和纸板包装层叠物。
在一些实施方案中,根据标准ASTM F-1927在50%相对湿度和23℃下测量的,纸或纸板基包装层叠物的氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天,优选小于3cc/m2/天,并且更优选小于2cc/m2/天。
在一些实施方案中,根据标准ASTM F-1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,纸或纸板基包装层叠物的氧透过率(OTR)小于3cc/m2/天,优选小于2cc/m2/天。
在一些实施方案中,根据标准ASTM F1249在50%相对湿度和23℃下测量的,纸或纸板基包装层叠物的水蒸气透过率(WVTR)小于5g/m2/天,并且优选小于0.5g/m2/天。
在一些实施方案中,根据标准ASTM F1249在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,纸或纸板基包装层叠物的水蒸气透过率(WVTR)小于5g/m2/天,并且优选小于1g/m2/天。
需要改进的解决方案以用有助于使用过的包装层叠物的再浆化和再循环的替代品来代替铝箔和聚烯烃膜作为包装层叠物(如液体包装板)中的阻隔层。已经发现,根据本公开内容名的矿物涂层和PVOH涂层的组合有助于使用过的包装层叠材料的再浆化和再循环。
在一些实施方案中,根据PTS RH 021/97,纸或纸板基包装层叠物的废品率小于30%,优选小于20%,更优选小于10%。
根据本文所示的第二方面,提供了一种容器,特别是液体包装容器,其包括根据第一方面所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物。
在一些实施方案中,金属化膜层面向容器的内部。
通常,虽然产品、聚合物、材料、层和工艺是在“包括”各种组分或步骤方面来描述的,但所述产品、聚合物、材料、层或工艺也可以“基本由”或“由”各种组分和步骤组成。
虽然已经参考各种示例性实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变,并且可以用等效物代替其要素。此外,在不脱离本发明的基本范围的情况下,可以进行许多修改以使特定情况或材料适应本发明的教导。因此,本发明并不旨在局限于作为设想用于实施本发明的最佳模式而公开的特定实施方案,而是本发明包括落入所附权利要求范围内的所有实施方案。
实施例
根据以下方式制作了四个样品:
基础板:
3-片层(3-ply)板,195-281g/m2,具有漂白硫酸盐浆的第一表面层、未漂白硫酸盐浆的第二表面层、未漂白硫酸盐浆和未漂白CTMP的中间层。
矿物涂层:
根据下表1,将基础板在第一表面层上用矿物涂层双层涂覆(预涂层+顶涂层),总涂层重量为约22g/m2:
表1.
随后将矿物涂覆的基础板用PVOH分散涂层涂覆至涂层重量为5g/m2。
通过以LDPE作为连接层的挤出层叠,将18μm的金属化BOPP膜(克重约16g/m2)层叠到PVOH涂层上。
最后,将LLDPE层挤出涂覆到金属化BOPP上。
在样品上测量氧透过率(OTR)和水蒸气透过率(WVTR)(见表2)。从表2中可以看出,OTR和WVTR两者都非常低,同样在高温度和高湿度下也都非常低。
表2.
Claims (29)
1.纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其包括:
纸或纸板基础层,
矿物涂层,
PVOH涂层,以及
金属化膜层,
其中,所述矿物涂层设置在所述基础层和所述PVOH涂层之间,并与所述基础层和所述PVOH涂层接触,并且
其中,所述金属化膜层层叠到所述PVOH涂层,并且
其中,根据标准ASTM F-1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,所述包装层叠物的氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,基于所述矿物涂层的总干重计,所述矿物涂层包含
65-90重量%的颗粒矿物,以及
10-35重量%的粘合剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述颗粒矿物选自由以下各项所构成的组:高岭土、碳酸钙、膨润土、滑石及其组合,优选高岭土或碳酸钙,并且更优选高岭土。
4.根据权利要求3所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,以所述矿物涂层中总颗粒矿物的干重计算,所述矿物涂层包含80-100重量%的碳酸钙和0-20重量%的粘土。
5.根据权利要求4所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述碳酸钙包含第一碳酸钙与第二碳酸钙的混合物,所述第一碳酸钙包含50-70重量%的粒径小于2μm的颗粒,所述第二碳酸钙包含80-100重量%的粒径小于2μm的颗粒。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述粘合剂为胶乳粘合剂。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述矿物涂层的克重在4-25g/m2的范围内,更优选在6-20g/m2的范围内。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,基于所述PVOH涂层的总干重计,所述PVOH涂层包含至少70重量%的PVOH。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述PVOH涂层的克重在1-20g/m2的范围内,优选在2-15g/m2的范围内,更优选在3-12g/m2的范围内。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述金属化膜层包括金属化聚合物膜或金属化纤维素基膜。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,超过95重量%的所述金属化膜层是纤维素基的。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述金属化膜层包括通过在膜层上气相沉积金属或金属氧化物而形成的金属化层,优选通过物理气相沉积(PVD)或化学气相沉积(CVD)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述金属化层包括选自由以下各项所构成的组的金属、金属氧化物或陶瓷氧化物:铝、镁、硅、铜、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化硅及其组合,优选氧化铝。
14.根据权利要求12至13中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述金属化层的层厚度在1-100nm的范围内,优选在10-100nm的范围内,并且更优选在20-50nm的范围内。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述金属化膜层的克重在10-70g/m2的范围内,更优选在10-50g/m2的范围内。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述金属化膜层通过胶粘剂连接层附着到所述PVOH涂层。
17.根据权利要求16所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述胶粘剂连接层包含聚乙烯或乙烯改性的PVOH。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述纸或纸板基础层的基重在20-500g/m2的范围内,优选在80-400g/m2的范围内。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述纸或纸板基础层为多层纸板。
20.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其中,所述纸或纸板基础层包含至少5重量%的再循环纤维,优选至少10重量%的再循环纤维。
21.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其还包括设置在所述纸或纸板基础层上的第一保护性聚合物层,优选聚乙烯层。
22.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,其还包括设置在所述金属化膜层上的第二保护性聚合物层,优选聚乙烯层。
23.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据标准ASTM F-1927在50%相对湿度和23℃下测量的,其氧透过率(OTR)小于5cc/m2/天,优选小于3cc/m2/天,并且更优选小于2cc/m2/天。
24.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据标准ASTM F-1927在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,其氧透过率(OTR)小于3cc/m2/天,优选小于2cc/m2/天。
25.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据标准ASTM F1249在50%相对湿度和23℃下测量的,其水蒸气透过率(WVTR)小于5g/m2/天,并且优选小于0.5g/m2/天。
26.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据标准ASTM F1249在90%相对湿度和38℃下测量的,其水蒸气透过率(WVTR)小于5g/m2/天,并且优选小于1g/m2/天。
27.根据权利要求1至20或23至24中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物,根据PTS RH021/97,其废品率小于30%,优选小于20%,更优选小于10%。
28.容器,其包括根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的纸或纸板基包装层叠物。
29.根据权利要求28所述的容器,其中,所述金属化膜层面向所述容器的内部。
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CN104080607B (zh) * | 2011-11-10 | 2016-11-09 | 日本制纸株式会社 | 纸制抗渗透包装材料 |
JP2014009413A (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-20 | Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd | 紙製バリア包装材料 |
WO2017170462A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-05 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 紙製バリア材料 |
EP3461637B1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2022-08-03 | Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. | Paper barrier material |
SE545297C2 (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2023-06-20 | Stora Enso Oyj | A paper or papperboard packaging material comprising a gas barrier film |
-
2021
- 2021-07-12 SE SE2150925A patent/SE545908C2/en unknown
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2022
- 2022-07-07 US US18/578,479 patent/US20240308741A1/en active Pending
- 2022-07-07 CN CN202280048897.8A patent/CN117693620A/zh active Pending
- 2022-07-07 JP JP2024501102A patent/JP2024525657A/ja active Pending
- 2022-07-07 WO PCT/IB2022/056289 patent/WO2023285930A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-07-07 EP EP22841575.8A patent/EP4370746A1/en active Pending
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US20240308741A1 (en) | 2024-09-19 |
WO2023285930A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
SE2150925A1 (en) | 2023-01-13 |
SE545908C2 (en) | 2024-03-12 |
JP2024525657A (ja) | 2024-07-12 |
EP4370746A1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
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